Uyenza njani iintsholongwane zePC

Kwintsimi yokhuseleko lwekhompyuter, ukudalwa kweentsholongwane zePC sisihloko esiphindaphindiweyo esenza umdla kunye nenkxalabo. Ngelixa kuyinyani ukuba iingxoxo zokuziphatha ezijikeleze ukudalwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezi nkqubo "zikhohlakeleyo" zihamba phambili, kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela eziphuhla ngayo kwaye zisasazeke, ukuze zilungiselelwe ngcono ukubhaqwa kwazo kunye nokungathathi hlangothi. Kweli nqaku siza kuphonononga iziseko zobugcisa emva kokudala iintsholongwane zePC, sivavanya iindlela eziphambili kunye neengqwalasela ekufuneka iingcali zokhuseleko lwekhompyuter zithathele ingqalelo. Ukugcina isimo sokungathabathi cala, injongo yethu kukunika ulwazi ⁤ oluyimfuneko ukuze ⁤uqonde ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwezi nkqubo kunye nendlela yokulwa nazo. ngempumelelo.

1. Intshayelelo ekudaleni iintsholongwane zePC

Ukwenziwa kweentsholongwane ze-PC sisihloko esibuthathaka kunye nesiphikisanayo kwihlabathi lekhompyutha. Nangona singakukhuthazi okanye singakuxhasi ukusetyenziswa kweentsholongwane, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ezi nkqubo ziyingozi zikhula kwaye zisasazeke njani ukuze sikhuseleke ngcono kuzo.

Kweli candelo, siza kuphonononga iziseko zokudala iintsholongwane zePC. Ukususela kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane ezikhoyo, ezifana neTrojans, iimbungu kunye ne-ransomware, kwiindlela ezisetyenziselwa ukudala nokusabalalisa. Siza kuhlalutya kwakhona izinto ezikhuthazayo emva kwabo bazinikele ekuphuhliseni ezi nkqubo kunye neziphumo ezinokuthi zibe nazo. yabasebenzisi echaphazelekileyo.

Kuyo yonke le mihlathi, siya kufumanisa izixhobo kunye neendlela ezivumela abadwelisi benkqubo ukuba benze iintsholongwane zePC. Siza kuphonononga iikhonsepthi ezifana nokupakisha i-malware, ukusebenzisa izinto zokuxhaphaza, kunye nobunjineli bezentlalo ukuqhatha abasebenzisi kunye nokusasaza iintsholongwane. Ukongeza, siya kubonelela ngeengcebiso ezixabisekileyo zokukhusela ikhompyuter yakho kunye nolwazi lwakho lobuqu kwezi zoyikiso zinokwenzeka.

2. Iintlobo zeentsholongwane kunye nokuziphatha kwazo kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha

Kukho iindidi ngeendidi zeevayirasi zekhompyuter, nganye inokuziphatha okwahlukileyo kwiinkqubo. Apha ngezantsi, ezinye zezona ntsholongwane zixhaphakileyo kunye neempembelelo zazo kwiinkqubo zekhompyuter ziya kuboniswa:

Virus de archivos adjuntos: Ezi ntsholongwane zisasazeka ngee-imeyile ezincamatheleyo okanye ngokukhuphela kwi-Intanethi. Emva kokuba uncamathiselo luphunyeziwe, intsholongwane iyasebenza kwaye yosulela inkqubo. Bangonakalisa iifayile kunye neenkqubo, banciphise ukusebenza yekhompyutha kwaye ube iinkcukacha zobuqu.

Iimbungu zekhompyuter: Iintshulube zisasazeka ngothungelwano kunye neenkqubo, zithatha ithuba lobuthathaka bokhuseleko. Injongo yayo ephambili kukuphindaphinda nokusabalalisa kwezinye iinkqubo ngokukhawuleza. Zinokubangela ukuxinana kwenethiwekhi, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ngokugqithisileyo, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwenkonzo.

AmaTrojans: IiTrojans zizenza isoftware esemthethweni yokukhohlisa abasebenzisi ukuba bavumele ukufikelela kude okungagunyaziswanga. Bangeba⁢ ulwazi oluyimfihlo⁤,⁢ ukurekhoda izitshixo, kwaye bathathe ulawulo lwenkqubo echaphazelekayo. Zihlala kunzima ukuzibhaqa ngenxa yobume bazo obufihlakeleyo.

3. Izixhobo kunye neenkqubo zokwenza iintsholongwane zePC

Namhlanje, kukho izixhobo ezininzi kunye neenkqubo ezikhoyo kwabo banomdla wokwenza iintsholongwane zePC. Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ngabarhwebi kunye nabaphuli-mthetho be-intanethi ukwenza imisebenzi engekho mthethweni. Okulandelayo, siza kubonisa ezinye zezona zixhobo ziphambili⁢ kunye⁤ iinkqubo ezisetyenziswa kulo mongo.

1. Izixhobo zolawulo ezikude: Ezi zixhobo zivumela ababhali bentsholongwane ukuba bathathe ulawulo olukude lwePC eyosulelekileyo. Ngabo, banokufikelela kulwazi lomntu siqu, beba amagama ayimfihlo kwaye basasaze i-malware kwezinye izixhobo. Ezinye zezona zixhobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu yiRAT (i-Remote Access Trojan) kunye ne-Backdoor.

2. I-Exploit Kits: Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziselwa ukukhangela ubuthathaka kwiiprogram kunye iinkqubo zokusebenza, ukuze ⁢udale ⁤iintsholongwane kunye⁤ nemalware ezinokusebenzisa ezi⁢ zobuthathaka. Iikiti ze-Exploit zihlala ziqulathe ukuxhaphaza, eziziinkqubo ezincinci ezithatha ithuba lobuthathaka bokhuseleko ukuze zingene kwinkqubo kwaye ziphumeze ikhowudi enobungozi.

3. Iijenereyitha zekhowudi ezinobungozi: Olu hlobo lwenkqubo luvumela abasebenzisi ukuba benze ikhowudi enobungozi ngendlela ezenzekelayo. Ezi generator zihlala zibandakanya imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye neempawu, ezifana nokukwazi ukufihla intsholongwane, ukuguqula ukuziphatha kwayo okanye ukulungelelanisa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. ⁢Eminye imizekelo⁤ yekhowudi engalunganga⁢ iijenereyitha nguZeus, iSpyEye kunye neBlackhole.

4. Iindlela eziphucukileyo zokucwangcisa ezisetyenziswa ekudaleni intsholongwane

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje lokhuseleko lwe-cybersecurity, kubalulekile ukuqonda i. Ezi ndlela zinzima zivumela abadali be-malware ukuba baphephe amanyathelo okhuseleko kwaye babangele umonakalo omkhulu kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha. Ngaloo ndlela, ezinye zeendlela eziqhelekileyo kunye neziyingozi ziquka:

1. I-Polymorphism: obu buchule bubandakanya ukuguqula rhoqo ikhowudi yentsholongwane ukunqanda ukubhaqwa kweentsholongwane. iinkqubo ze-antivirus. Intsholongwane "iyazifihla" ngokuguqula isakhiwo sayo kunye nomxholo rhoqo xa isasazeka, okwenza kube nzima ukuyibona nokuphelisa.
2. Isitofu seKhowudi: Le ndlela ibandakanya ukufaka ikhowudi ekhohlakeleyo kwiinkqubo okanye iifayile ezisemthethweni Ngokusulela ezi fayile, intsholongwane yenza ngokuzenzekelayo xa ifayile ivuliwe okanye inkqubo iqhutywe, isasazeka ngokuthula kwaye ifihliwe.
3. I-Rootkits: Ezi ziinkqubo ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukufihla ubukho bentsholongwane kwinkqubo yeRootkits inokuguqula okanye ithintele imisebenzi yenkqubo. inkqubo yokwenza ukuphepha ukufunyanwa ziiprogram ze-antivirus kwaye uvumele intsholongwane ukuba isebenze ngaphandle kwezithintelo.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ulwazi ngezi ndlela zobuchule akufanele zikhuthaze ukuziphatha okubi. Endaweni yoko, eyona njongo iphambili kufuneka ibe kuphuhliso lweendlela zokuchasana ezisebenzayo kunye nokuphuculwa kokhuseleko lwe-cyber. Iingcali ze-Cybersecurity kufuneka ziqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zihlaziywe ukuze zibone kwaye zithintele ezi ndlela zokukhusela ukukhusela iinkqubo kunye nedatha yemibutho kunye nabasebenzisi.

5. Uhlalutyo lweengozi ezinxulumene nokudalwa kweentsholongwane zePC

Imingcipheko enxulumene nokudalwa kweentsholongwane ze-PC yinkxalabo eqhubekayo kwihlabathi lokhuseleko lwekhompyutheni.

Uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo lwale mingcipheko lubalulekile ukuqonda iimpembelelo kunye neziphumo zokudalwa kunye nokusasazeka kwentsholongwane yePC. Apha ngezantsi zezona ngozi zixhaphakileyo ezinxulumene nolu hlobo lomsebenzi:

• Ukonakaliswa kwengqibelelo kunye nemfihlo yolwazi: iintsholongwane zePC zingonakalisa okanye zitshabalalise iifayile ezibalulekileyo neziyimfihlo, ezinokubangela ilahleko yedatha engenakuhlawuleka.
• Ubuthathaka kukhuseleko lwenkqubo yokusebenza: Iintsholongwane zePC zinokusebenzisa ubuthathaka obukhoyo kwinkqubo yokusebenza kwaye zivumele ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga. ukuya kwikhompyutha. Lo msantsa wokhuseleko unokusetyenziswa ukufaka i-malware eyongezelelweyo okanye ulwazi olubuthathaka.
• Impembelelo ekusebenzeni kwePC: iintsholongwane zePC zidla izixhobo zenkqubo, ezinokucothisa ukusebenza kwePC. Oku kubangela ukuncipha kwemveliso kunye nokwanda kwexesha elifunekayo ukugqiba imisebenzi.

Ukunciphisa imingcipheko enxulumene nokudalwa kweentsholongwane ze-PC, kubalulekile ukuba ube nemilinganiselo eqinile yokhuseleko, njengokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezihlaziyiweyo ze-antivirus kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko lwekhompyutha. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza ulwazi kunye nemfundo malunga nokhuseleko lwekhompyutheni, zombini kwinqanaba lomntu kunye nemibutho.

6. Amanyathelo okhuseleko⁤ ukuthintela ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane zePC

Ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane zePC kunokonakalisa iinkqubo zethu kwaye kubeke esichengeni ukhuseleko lwedatha yethu Kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo ukukhusela iikhompyuter zethu kunye nokuthintela ukwanda kwezi ntsholongwane. Nanga amanye amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko izixhobo zakho:

1. Gcina inkqubo yakho yokusebenza kunye⁢ nesoftware ehlaziyiweyo: Abaphuhlisi beSoftware bahlala bekhupha uhlaziyo kunye neepetshi ukulungisa ubuthathaka obaziwayo. Qinisekisa ukugcina inkqubo yakho yokusebenza, iibhrawuza zewebhu, iinkqubo ze-antivirus, kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezihlaziyiweyo ukuvala naziphi na izikhewu zokhuseleko.

2. Sebenzisa inkqubo ye-antivirus ethembekileyo: Inkqubo ye-antivirus ibalulekile ekubhaqeni nasekususeni iintsholongwane zePC. Qinisekisa ukuba usebenzisa isoftware ye-antivirus ethembekileyo kwaye ugcine idatabase yayo ihlaziywa rhoqo ukuze uhlale ukhuselekile kwizoyikiso zamva nje.

3. Lumka xa uvula izincamatheliso okanye ucofa iilinki: Iintsholongwane ezininzi zePC zisasazeke ngokuncamatheliswa kwe-imeyile okanye amakhonkco ayingozi. Soloko ujonga umthombo woncamathiselo⁢ okanye ikhonkco phambi kokuvula okanye ukucofa kuyo. Sukuvula ii-imeyile ezikrokrisayo, nokuba zibonakala ziphuma kwimithombo ethembekileyo.

7. Ukuziphatha kunye nokusemthethweni ekudalweni kweentsholongwane zePC

Ukudalwa kweentsholongwane ze-PC ngumba ophakamisa imibuzo ebalulekileyo yokuziphatha kunye nezomthetho. Njengoko iteknoloji ihambela phambili, kubalulekile ukuhlalutya iziphumo zezenzo ezinobungozi ezenziwa ngokudala iintsholongwane zekhompyutha. Apha siza kuphonononga eyona ngqwalasela iphambili yokuziphatha nesemthethweni ejikeleze le ntsimi.

Imigaqo yokuziphatha:

• Umonakalo: Ukwenziwa kweentsholongwane zePC kunomngcipheko omkhulu wokwenza umonakalo kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha nakubantu abazisebenzisayo. Akulunganga ngokwemigaqo ukwenzakalisa abanye ngabom.
• Ubumfihlo: Iintsholongwane zePC zinokubeka emngciphekweni ubumfihlo kunye nemfihlo yolwazi lomntu kunye nobuthathaka obugcinwe kwiinkqubo ezichaphazelekayo. Oku kophula imigaqo yokuziphatha yentlonipho kunye nokhuseleko lwemfihlo yomntu.
• Ingqibelelo: Iintsholongwane zePC zijongela phantsi ukuthembeka kweenkqubo zekhompyuter, zibangela ukuba zisebenze ngokungalunganga okanye ngokungakhuselekanga. Oku kuphula imigaqo yokuziphatha yokunyaniseka kunye noxanduva kuphuhliso lweteknoloji.

Ukusemthethweni:

• Ufikelelo olungagunyaziswanga: Ukwenziwa kweentsholongwane zePC ⁣ezisetyenziselwa ukufumana ufikelelo olungagunyaziswanga kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha akuvumelekanga ⁤yimithetho yamazwe amaninzi. Akukho mthethweni ukungena kwiinkqubo zabanye abantu ngaphandle kwemvume, nokuba injongo kukubonisa ubuthathaka.
• Umonakalo owenziwe ngabom: Ukwenza umonakalo ngabom kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha ngokusebenzisa iintsholongwane kuthetha ulwaphulo-mthetho kwiindawo ezininzi zolawulo.
• Ukusasazeka: Ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane zekhompyuter ngaphandle⁤ kwemvume yabo bachaphazelekayo⁤ nako akukho mthethweni. Oku kuquka⁤ ukuthumela ii-imeyile okanye⁤ ukusasaza ngamabomu ⁤iifayile ezosulelekileyo ngenjongo⁤ yokusulela iinkqubo kunye nokusasaza intsholongwane.

8. Iingcebiso zokuphepha ukuba lixhoba lentsholongwane yePC

Izisongelo zentsholongwane yekhompyuter ziya zixhaphaka kwaye ziphucukile. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amanyathelo okuthintela onokuthi uwathathe ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba lixhoba lentsholongwane. kwiPC yakho. Apha sinika iingcebiso ezisisiseko:

• Gcina inkqubo yakho yokusebenza isexesheni: Abavelisi beSoftware bahlala bekhupha uhlaziyo lokhuseleko ukukhusela kwizoyikiso zamva nje. Qiniseka ukuba ufake zonke iintlaziyo ezifanelekileyo kwiPC yakho.
• Sebenzisa isoftware yeantivirus ethembekileyo: Faka i-antivirus eyaziwayo kwaye uyigcine ihlaziyiwe. Yenza iskena esiqhelekileyo seentsholongwane kunye ne-malware, kwaye usete isixhobo sokusebenza ngasemva.
• Kuphephe ukuvula ii-imeyile ezingaziwayo okanye iziqhoboshelo: Ii-imeyile kunye nezincamatheliso ziyi-vector eqhelekileyo yokusasazwa kwentsholongwane. Ukuba ufumana i-imeyile engacelwanga okanye ekrokrisayo, musa ukucofa naziphi na iilinki okanye ukhuphele naziphi na izincamatheliso.

Sebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo anamandla: Sebenzisa iiphasiwedi ezizodwa, ezinde, kunye nezintsonkothileyo kwiiakhawunti zakho ze-intanethi kunye nokungena kwiPC yakho. Dibanisa oonobumba abakhulu nabancinci, amanani, kunye nabalinganiswa abakhethekileyo. Kwakhona, kuphephe ukusebenzisa igama eliyimfihlo kwiinkonzo ezahlukeneyo.

Kuphephe ukucofa amakhonkco arhanelwayo okanye undwendwele iiwebhusayithi ezingakhuselekanga: Xa ukhangela i-Intanethi, lumka xa ucofa iilinki ezingaziwayo okanye ezikrokrisayo. Iiwebhusayithi ezingakhuselekanga zinokuqulatha ⁢umxholo okhohlakeleyo onokosulela iPC yakho. Sebenzisa izixhobo zokhuseleko lomkhangeli zincwadi ukuvala iiwebhusayithi eziyingozi.

9. Indima ye-antivirus ekufumaneni nasekupheliseni iintsholongwane

Ii-Antiviruses zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubhaqeni nasekupheliseni iintsholongwane kwizixhobo zethu zombane ezi zixhobo zokhuseleko zekhompyutha ziye zavela ngokuhamba kwexesha ukuze ziqhelane nezisongelo kunye nohlaselo lwe-cyber. Nazi ezinye iindlela apho ii-antivirus ⁤ezenza indima yazo yokhuseleko:

Ukufunyaniswa okusebenzayo: Ii-antivirus zisebenzisa iindlela zokukhangela ezisebenzayo ukuchonga iintsholongwane ezintsha kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo. Ngokusebenzisa i-algorithms ephucukileyo kunye nedatha ehlaziyiweyo rhoqo, ii-antivirus ziyakwazi ukubona kwaye zithintele izoyikiso ezivelayo ngaphambi kokuba zibangele ukwenzakala.

Eliminación de malware: Ii-antivirus azifumani iintsholongwane kuphela, kodwa zikwanoxanduva lokuzisusa kwiinkqubo zethu. Nje ukuba isoyikiso ichongiwe, i-antivirus inokuthatha inyathelo lokususa i-malware okanye ukuyivalela. Ngokucima okanye ukwahlula iifayile ezosulelekileyo, uthintela iintsholongwane ukuba zingasasazeki kwaye zibangele umonakalo ongakumbi.

10. Amacebo okukhusela ngokufanelekileyo inkqubo yekhompyutha kwiintsholongwane

Enye yeenkxalabo eziphambili kuye nawuphi na umsebenzisi okanye inkampani kukukhusela inkqubo yekhompyuter yabo kwiintsholongwane kunye nohlaselo lwe-cyber. Ngethamsanqa, kukho izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo ezisivumela ukuba siqinisekise ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lwenkqubo. Ngezantsi zezinye zeendlela ezilungileyo zokukhusela inkqubo yekhompyuter yakho kwiintsholongwane:

1. Hlaziya rhoqo inkqubo yokusebenza: Ukugcina inkqubo yakho yokusebenza isexesheni kubalulekile ukuyikhusela kubuthathaka obaziwayo. Qinisekisa ukuba ufaka uhlaziyo lwamva nje kunye neepetshi zokhuseleko ezinikezwe ngumenzi.

2. Sebenzisa isoftware ethembekileyo ye-antivirus: Faka inkqubo eyaziwayo ye-antivirus⁢ kwaye uyihlaziye rhoqo. Le software iya kuskena inkqubo yakho izoyikiso, isuse iintsholongwane ezichongiweyo, kwaye ithintele i-malware ukuba ifakwe ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho. Kwakhona khumbula ukwenza iskeni ngamaxesha athile kwisixokelelwano sakho.

3. Sebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo anamandla kwaye awodwa: Amagama okugqithisa ⁤ngumgca⁤ wokuqala⁢ wokhuselo ⁢kuhlaselo lwe-cyber⁤. Yenza amagama ayimfihlo antsonkothileyo, udibanisa oonobumba abakhulu nabancinane⁤, amanani kunye noonobumba abakhethekileyo. Kwakhona, kunqanda ukwabelana ngeephasiwedi zakho kwaye ungaze usebenzise igama eliyimfihlo kwiiakhawunti ezininzi.

11. Impembelelo yezoqoqosho nentlalontle yeentsholongwane zePC

Iintsholongwane ze-PC zinokuba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho kunye noluntu. Apha ngezantsi zezinye zeziphumo eziphambili kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo ezinxulumene nezi ntsholongwane:

Iziphumo zoqoqosho:

• Ilahleko yemali: Iintsholongwane zePC zinokubangela ilahleko enkulu yezemali, nokuba kungenxa yesidingo sokutyala imali kwizisombululo zokhuseleko lwekhompyuter, ukulungisa iinkqubo ezonakalisiweyo, okanye ukubiwa kolwazi oluyimfihlo.
• Ukuncipha kwemveliso: Iintsholongwane zePC zinokucothisa ukusebenza kweenkqubo zekhompyuter, zibangele ukuncipha kwemveliso yamashishini kunye nemibutho.
• Ukuvalwa kweshishini: Kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, iintsholongwane zePC zinokukhokelela ekuvalweni kwamashishini angakwaziyo ukubuyela kumonakalo owenziwe luhlaselo lwe-cyber.

Iziphumo zentlalo:

• Ukuphulukana nokuthenjwa: Iintsholongwane zePC zinokutshabalalisa ukuthembela kwabasebenzisi kukhuseleko lwetekhnoloji yekhompyuter, kwenze kube nzima ukwamkela nokusebenzisa izixhobo ezitsha kunye namaqonga edijithali.
• Ukophulwa kwabucala: Iintsholongwane zePC zinokubeka esichengeni ubumfihlo babantu ngokufikelela kunye nokuba ulwazi lomntu kunye noluyimfihlo, ukuphakamisa iinkxalabo. kuluntu.
• Ukwandiswa kwedijithali: iintsholongwane ze-PC zichaphazela kakhulu abo bangenako ukufikelela kumanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo okanye ulwazi oluphezulu lwezobuchwepheshe, olugxininisa ukwahlukana kwedijithali phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo ezoqoqosho zentlalo.

Isishwankathelo, ii-virus ze-PC azibonisi nje ingozi yokhuseleko lwekhompyutheni, kodwa zineempembelelo ezimbi ngokwezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo othintelo kunye nokufundisa abasebenzisi ngezona ndlela zokhuseleko zokunciphisa iimpembelelo zezi ntsholongwane.

12. Iimeko ezidumileyo zeentsholongwane zePC kunye nemiphumo yazo

Kwihlabathi le-computing, kukho iimeko ezininzi ezidumileyo zeentsholongwane ze-PC ezishiye uphawu lwazo kwimbali. Ezi nkqubo ziyingozi ziye zonakalisa nemiphumo emibi kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha, nto leyo ebeka ukhuseleko lwezigidi zabasebenzisi ehlabathini lonke emngciphekweni.

1.⁢ ILOVEYOU: Le ntsholongwane, eyavela ngo-2000, yathunyelwa nge-imeyile enesihloko esingenabungozi njenge-“ILOVEYOU” (“I love you” ngesiNgesi). Emva kokuba i-attachment ivuliwe, intsholongwane yasasazeka ngokukhawuleza, isusa iifayile kwaye ithumela iikopi zayo kubo bonke abafowunelwa bexhoba. ⁢Kuqikelelwa ukuba le ntsholongwane ibangele umonakalo ongaphezulu kweebhiliyoni ezili-10 zeedola.

2. I-WannaCry: NgoMeyi 2017, ihlabathi labona enye yezona zikhulu ze-cyberattacks kwimbali. Le ntlawulelo isasazeke ngobuthathaka kwiinkqubo zokusebenza eziphelelwe lixesha, ukutshixa iifayile kwiikhompyuter ezosulelekileyo kunye nokufuna intlawulelo kwiBitcoin ukukhululwa kwayo Iinkampani ezinkulu kunye nemibutho yachaphazeleka, iqaqambisa ukubaluleka kokuba neenkqubo ezikhuselekileyo nezihlaziyiweyo.

3. I-Stuxnet: Igqalwa njengenye yezona ntsholongwane zintsonkothileyo nezintsonkothileyo embalini, iStuxnet yafunyanwa ngo-2010 yaye inenjongo yokonakalisa inkqubo yenyukliya yase-Iran. ⁢Le ntsholongwane yangena kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwee-centrifuges ezisetyenziselwa ukutyebisa i-uranium, ilawula ukuzikhubaza okanye ukuguqula ukusebenza kwazo ⁤ngaphandle kokufunyanwa. Ukufunyaniswa kwayo kubonakalise amandla okutshabalalisa okuhlaselwa kwe-cyber kunye nobungozi abamele kukhuseleko lwelizwe.

13. Amanyathelo okukhawulelana nosulelo lwentsholongwane yePC

Ngokunokwenzeka kosulelo lwentsholongwane kwiPC yakho, kubalulekile ukuba uzilungiselele kwaye uthathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukunciphisa umonakalo kunye nokukhusela ingqibelelo yedatha yakho. Apha ngezantsi ngamanyathelo anokuvela anokuthi aphunyezwe:

• Yithathe iikopi zedatha Rhoqo: Kubalulekile ukugcina ii-backups ezisexesheni zazo zonke iifayile zakho ezibalulekileyo. Unokusebenzisa iinkonzo zokugcina ilifu okanye izixhobo zangaphandle ukugcina ezi backups.
• Sebenzisa i-antivirus ethembekileyo: Faka inkqubo yokukhusela iintsholongwane ethembekileyo kwaye uyigcine ihlaziyiwe. Le software iya kukunceda ubone kwaye ususe naziphi na iintsholongwane okanye i-malware ekhoyo kwinkqubo yakho.
• Hlaziya rhoqo isixokelelwano sakho esisebenzayo kunye nezicelo: Uhlaziyo lweSoftwe kaninzi luqulathe amabala okhuseleko alungisa ubuthathaka obaziwayo. Gcina inkqubo yakho yokusebenza kunye nazo zonke izicelo ezifakiweyo zihlaziyiwe ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo.

Kwimeko apho i-PC yakho yosulelwe yintsholongwane, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe amanyathelo akhawulezayo nangqalileyo okuthintela ukusasazeka nokuchacha ngokufanelekileyo. Ngezantsi ngamanyathelo athile anokuthi athathwe:

• Yahlula ikhompyuter yakho kwinethiwekhi: Susa iPC yakho kwi-Intanethi kunye nayiphi na inethiwekhi yasekuhlaleni ukuthintela ukunwenwa kwentsholongwane ezinye izixhobo.
• Skena inkqubo: Sebenzisa inkqubo yakho ye-antivirus ukwenza iskena esipheleleyo senkqubo kwaye ususe naziphi na izoyikiso ezibhaqiweyo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, sebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ukususa iintsholongwane ezithile.
• Buyisela ⁢ukusuka kwi-backup: Ukuba wenze i-backups rhoqo, ungabuyisela inkqubo yakho ukusuka kuguqulelo olucocekileyo lwangaphambili. Qinisekisa ukuba ii-backups zakho azinantsholongwane ngaphambi kokubuyisela.

Khumbula ukuba uthintelo ngundoqo ekukhuseleni iPC yakho kusulelo lwentsholongwane. Gcina inkqubo yakho ikhuselekile ngokulandela iindlela ezilungileyo zokhuseleko kwi-intanethi, ukunqanda ukucofa amakhonkco arhanelwayo kunye nokukhutshelwa, kunye nokugcina iinkqubo zakho zisexesheni.

14. Iimbono zexesha elizayo: I-PC Virus Landscape kwi-Technological Age

Iintsholongwane zePC ziye zavela kakhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo, ziqhelana nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kwaye ziya zisiba nobuchule. Kulindeleke ukuba kwixesha elizayo siza kuqhubeka nokubona ukwanda kwezi malware kwixesha lobuchwepheshe, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba silungele ukujongana nemingeni emitsha ezayo. Nanga amanye amathemba ekamva kwi-PC virus landscape:

1. Ukwanda kohlaselo ekujoliswe kulo: Ngokukhula kwetekhnoloji kunye noqhakamshelwano, sinokubona ukwanda kohlaselo olujolise kubantu, amashishini, kunye noorhulumente. Izigebengu ze-Cybercriminal ziya kuba nomdla ngakumbi ekuba ulwazi olubucayi olufana namagama ayimfihlo ebhanki, idatha yomntu kunye neemfihlo zorhwebo Ukuqinisa amanyathelo okhuseleko ukukhusela kolu hlaselo olujoliswe kuyo kuya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo.

2. Ukusetyenziswa kobuchule bobunjineli bezentlalo: Iintsholongwane zePC kwixesha elizayo ziya kusebenzisa ubuchule bobunjineli bezentlalo ukukhohlisa abasebenzisi ukuba bafikelele kwiinkqubo zabo ezinokuthi zibandakanye ukuthumela ii-imeyile ezingalunganga, imiyalezo yobuxoki, njl. iinethiwekhi zoluntu okanye iminxeba yobuqhophololo. ⁤Abasebenzisi kufuneka baqaphele⁢ ngeenzame zokukhohlisa kwaye ⁢ bafunde ukuchonga kunye nokunqanda la maqhinga.

3. Ukukhula kohlaselo kwizixhobo eziphathwayo: Ukongeza kwiiPC, izixhobo eziphathwayo ziya kuba nomtsalane ngakumbi kwiintsholongwane. Ngokusetyenziswa okukhulayo kwee-smartphones kunye neetafile, sinokubona ukwanda kwe-malware eyilelwe ngokukodwa la maqonga. Kuya kubaluleka ukusebenzisa izisombululo zokhuseleko ezithembekileyo kwaye ugcine izixhobo zisexesheni ukukhusela kolu hlaselo luvelayo.

Imibuzo neempendulo

Umbuzo: Yintoni intsholongwane yePC?
A: Intsholongwane yePC luhlobo lwesoftware enobungozi ecwangciselwe ukosulela kunye nokonakalisa iinkqubo zekhompyuter, zibeke esichengeni ukusebenza kwazo okuqhelekileyo. Ezi nkqubo zinokubiwa iinkcukacha eziyimfihlo, zicime iifayile, zonakalisa iinkcukacha, okanye zide zivumele ulawulo olukude kwikhompyutha eyosulelekileyo.

Umbuzo: Ziziphi izizathu zokwenza intsholongwane yePC?
IMPENDULO: Izizathu zokudala intsholongwane zinokwahluka, kodwa zinxulumene ngokubanzi nomnqweno wokufumana inzuzo yemali, ukwenza ukwenzakala, okanye ukwenza isiphithiphithi. Abanye ababhali bentsholongwane baya kujolisa ukuba idatha yomntu kunye neyebhanki, ngelixa abanye banokufuna ukuchaphazela iinkampani okanye amaziko athile.

Umbuzo: Yenziwa njani intsholongwane yePC?
A: Ukwenza intsholongwane ye-PC kufuna ulwazi oluphezulu lwenkqubo, njengoko kubandakanya ukulawula ikhowudi yomthombo ukuphuhlisa inkqubo enobungozi. Iinkcukacha ezithile zendlela eyenziwe ngayo intsholongwane ziya kuxhomekeka kwiinjongo ⁤ kunye nobuchule bomdwelisi wenkqubo, kodwa⁤ ibandakanya ngokubanzi⁤ ukufakwa kwemiyalelo engalunganga ⁤kwiifayile ezisebenzisekayo okanye ⁢inkqubo esebenzayo ngokwayo.

Umbuzo: Ngaba akukho mthethweni ukwenza intsholongwane yePC?
A: Ewe, ukwenza iintsholongwane ze-PC akukho mthethweni kumazwe amaninzi kwaye kuxhomekeke kwizohlwayo ezibalulekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kweentsholongwane ukwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho lwekhompyutha, olufana nokubiwa kolwazi, umonakalo kwiinkqubo okanye ukuphanga, akuvumelekanga kwaye kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo enzima yomthetho.

Q: Ngawaphi amanyathelo anokuthathwa ukukhusela kwiintsholongwane zePC?
A: Ukuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane zePC, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko asebenzayo. Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa isoftware ye-antivirus esexesheni, ukukhuphela iifayile kwimithombo ethembekileyo kuphela, ukungacofa amakhonkco arhanelwayo okanye uncamathiselo, kwaye usoloko ugcina inkqubo yakho yokusebenza kunye nezicelo zisexesheni. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba ulumke xa ukhangela i-Intanethi kwaye uphephe ukunika ulwazi lomntu kwiiwebhusayithi ezingakhuselekanga.

Umbuzo:Ndingenza ntoni xa ndikrokrela ukuba iPC yam yosulelwe yintsholongwane?
A: Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba iPC yakho yosulelwe yintsholongwane, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wenze okuthile ngokukhawuleza. Ungaqhuba iskena esipheleleyo senkqubo yakho usebenzisa isoftware ye-antivirus ethembekileyo ukubona kunye nokususa izoyikiso ezinokubakho. Ukuba imeko iyaqhubeka, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqhagamshelane nengcali ye-cybersecurity okanye ingcali ye-IT ngoncedo olukhethekileyo.

Izimvo zokugqibela

Ukuqukumbela, sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha inkqubo⁢ yokwenza⁤ iintsholongwane zePC. Kulo lonke eli nqaku, siye sagxininisa imiba eyahlukeneyo yobugcisa efunekayo ukwenza le nkqubo, nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukudala iintsholongwane ze-PC akukho mthethweni nje kuphela, kodwa kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwinqanaba lomntu kunye nakwishishini. okusingqongileyo.

Ngelixa injongo yethu ekunikezeni olu lwazi ifundisa kuphela, kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba sikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ngentembeko nenkathalo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni iinkqubo zethu kunye nobumfihlo babasebenzisi.

Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku lisebenze njengesixhobo sokufundisa ukuqonda ngcono izinto ezibandakanyekayo ekudalweni kweentsholongwane zePC. Nangona kunjalo, sihlaba ikhwelo kubo bonke abafundi ukuba basebenzise ulwazi kunye nezakhono zabo ukuze kuxhamle ukhuseleko lwe-intanethi kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, ukusebenzisana kunye neengcali zokhuseleko lwe-cybersecurity ukukhusela nokugcina indawo ekhuselekileyo yedijithali kumntu wonke. Sikunye, sinokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa okuthembekileyo kunye nokuziphatha kobuchwephesha kwintlalontle yoluntu.