Uyiphuhlisa njani iApp ye-Android

Uyiphuhlisa njani iApp ye-Android

Uphuhliso lwezicelo zezixhobo eziphathwayo lufumene ukukhula okubonakalayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, oluqhutywa ikakhulu kukuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji kunye nokwanda kwemfuno yabasebenzisi bee-smartphones kunye neetafile. Phakathi kwamaqonga eefowuni ahlukeneyo akhoyo, Android Igqalwe njengeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela. Kule mihla, ukuba nobukho beselula kuye kwaba yimfuneko kwiinkampani nakoosomashishini, ke funda Uluphuhlisa njani usetyenziso lwe-⁢Android kunokubangela inzuzo enkulu yokhuphiswano.

Phuhlisa a Usetyenziso lwe-Android Isenokubonakala ngathi yinkqubo entsonkothileyo, kodwa eneneni, ngendlela efanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo, ngumngeni onokufikelelwa. Isiseko ⁤Uphuhliso lwesicelo se-Android ⁢lulwimi lwenkqubo Java, ngoko ke ukuba ⁤ulwazi olusisiseko lolu lwimi ⁢kubalulekile. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba uqhelane nemeko Android SDK (Software Development Kit), ebonelela ngengqokelela yezixhobo kunye⁤ nezixhobo eziyimfunekokuphuhliso lwe-Android ⁢ usetyenziso.

Isinyathelo sokuqala phuhlisa usetyenziso lwe-Android inombono ocacileyo wokuba loluphi uhlobo lwesicelo ofuna ukusenza. Oku kubandakanya ukuchaza injongo yayo, ukusebenza kunye nabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo onqwenela ukubafikelela. Nje ukuba le ngcamango imiselwe, a uhlalutyo lwemarike ukuchonga nokuvavanya ukhuphiswano, kunye nokumisela iimpawu kunye nokusebenza okuya kwenza isicelo sethu sibonakale.

Okulandelayo, kuyimfuneko Yila ujongano lomsebenzisi (UI) yesicelo. I-UI inempembelelo enkulu kumava omsebenzisi, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukutyala ixesha kuyilo lwayo. Iimpawu zegraphic, ukukhangela kunye noyilo lweziqulatho kufuneka zichazwe ngendlela enengqondo. Ukwenza oku, ungasebenzisa izixhobo ezinje Adobe XD o Umdwebo, ekuvumela ukuba wenze iiprototypes ezisebenzisanayo zesicelo phambi kophuhliso lwaso olupheleleyo.

Isishwankathelo, phuhlisa usetyenziso lwe-Android Isenokuba lucelomngeni oluchulumancisayo nolunomvuzo. Ngolwazi olufanelekileyo lweJava kunye ne-Android SDK, kunye nendlela ecwangcisiweyo kunye noyilo lwe-UI olucingwe kakuhle, kunokwenzeka. yenza iiapps yomgangatho obalaseleyo kwimarike. Njengoko imfuno yeeapps zeselula iqhubeka nokukhula, ukufunda ukuphuhlisa i-Android kubonelela ngamathuba abalulekileyo oshishino kunye nokukwazi ukufikelela kwisiseko esibanzi sabasebenzisi.

1. Ukukhethwa kombono kunye nokucwangciswa kweprojekthi

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuphuhlisa i-app ye-Android, kubalulekile ukukhetha umbono oqinileyo kwaye ucwangcise ngokufanelekileyo iprojekthi. Ukukhethwa kwengcamango Linyathelo elibalulekileyo eliya kumisela impumelelo okanye ukungaphumeleli kophuhliso lwesicelo sakho. Kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba imbono ivelisa izinto ezintsha, inemfuno kwimarike kwaye kuyenzeka ukuyiphumeza. Phanda ukuba luhlobo luni losetyenziso olukhoyo ngoku, hlalutya iimfuno zabasebenzisi, kwaye ufumane i-niche apho unokugqama khona.

Nje ukuba ukhethe imbono, lixesha lokucwangcisa iprojekthi. Ucwangciso Kuya kukunceda ubeke iinjongo, uchaze izixhobo eziyimfuneko, kwaye useke ishedyuli. Okokuqala, kufuneka umisele ⁢iinjongo zeprojekthi kunye nento ⁤onethemba lokuyifumana ⁤nge⁤ ngesicelo sakho. Emva koko, chonga izixhobo ezifunekayo, ezifana nabayili, abaphuhlisi, kunye nezixhobo zophuhliso. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuseka ucwangciso olusengqiqweni, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ixesha nezinto ezikhoyo.

Omnye umba obalulekileyo wokucwangcisa uyilo lwesicelo soyilo. Oku kubandakanya ukucacisa isakhiwo kunye namacandelo esicelo, kunye nendlela abasebenzisana ngayo. Kuya kufuneka uchonge iimodyuli eziphambili zesicelo, ezinje ngojongano lomsebenzisi, ingqiqo yeshishini, kunye nokuzingisa kwedatha. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqwalasela imiba efana nokhuseleko, ukulinganisa, kunye nokusebenza kwesicelo. Uyilo oluhle loyilo luya kuqinisekisa ukuba isicelo sakho kulula ukusigcina kwaye siguquke ngokufanelekileyo.

2. Uyilo lojongano lomsebenzisi

Ukuphuhlisa i-app ye-Android eyimpumelelo, kubalulekile ukuba ube noyilo lomsebenzisi olusebenzayo nolunomtsalane (UI) uyilo luphawu lokuqala abasebenzisi abaya kuba nalo lwesicelo sakho, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukwenza amava abonakalayo abonakalayo kwaye amnandi. . Ngezantsi kukho iingcebiso eziphambili zokuyila i-UI ye-app yakho ye-Android:

1. Bazi abantu ojolise kubo: Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukuyila, kufuneka ucace malunga nokuba isicelo sakho sijolise kubani. Oku kuya kukunceda uqonde iimfuno kunye nezinto ezikhethwa ngabasebenzisi bakho, kukuvumela ukuba wenze ujongano olulolwakho nolunomtsalane kubo. Yenza uphando lwemarike kwaye uhlalutye izicelo ezikhoyo ezifanayo ukuze ube nombono ocacileyo wokuba yintoni esebenzayo kunye nengasebenziyo.

2. Yenza lula ukukhangela: Ukuze abasebenzisi bafumane okuninzi kwisicelo sakho, kubalulekile ukuba ukukhangela kube lula kwaye kube lula. Sebenzisa izilungiso ezicacileyo, ezifundekayo, kwaye ugweme ukubandakanya iinketho ezininzi okanye iimpawu kwisikrini esisodwa Lungiselela umxholo kwiindidi okanye amacandelo kwaye usebenzise amaqhosha okukhangela acacileyo.

3. Sebenzisa imigaqo yoYilo lweMaterial: Uyilo lweMaterial luseti yezikhokelo zoyilo kunye nemigangatho evela kuGoogle, ebonelela ngesiseko esiluqilima soyilo lwe Izicelo ze-Android. Sebenzisa ⁢imithetho-siseko yoYilo lweMpahla⁣ ukwenza ujongano oluhambelanayo kunye nobuhle. ⁤Nika ingqwalaselo eyodwa kwizinto ezifana nokuchwetheza, imibala, oopopayi kunye notshintsho, ukubonelela ngamava anomtsalane kunye nokungaguquguqukiyo komsebenzisi.

Khumbula, yinto emisela impumelelo yesicelo sakho se-Android. Thatha ixesha lokucwangcisa kwaye uyile i-UI esebenzayo nenomtsalane, uhlala ubeka phambili iimfuno kunye nezinto ezikhethwa ngabasebenzisi bakho. Ngoyilo olusemgangathweni, uya kuba linyathelo elinye kufutshane ekudaleni isicelo esiyimpumelelo kukhuphiswano lwemarike ye-Android.

3. Ukukhethwa kolwimi lwenkqubo kunye nophuhliso lwemekobume

Kwinkqubo yophuhliso lwesicelo se-Android, ukhetho lolwimi lwenkqubo kunye nommandla wophuhliso yimiba emibini ebalulekileyo. Ulwimi lwenkqubo yindlela eya kuthi inxibelelane ngayo nesixhobo kwaye iya kuvumela ingqiqo yesicelo ukuba yenziwe. Kukho iilwimi ezininzi zokucwangcisa ezixhaswa yi-Android, kodwa ezona zidumileyo yiJava kunye neKotlin. IJava, ulwimi olujoliswe kwinto, isetyenziswe iminyaka ekuphuhliseni izicelo ze-Android, ngelixa i-Kotlin, ulwimi lwangoku kunye nolufutshane, luye lwanda kakhulu phakathi kwabaphuhlisi. Ukhetho phakathi kweJava kunye neKotlin kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezikhethwayo kunye nolwazi lweqela lophuhliso, kunye neempawu ezithile kunye neemfuno zesicelo.

Nje ukuba ulwimi lwenkqubo lukhethiwe, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha indawo efanelekileyo yophuhliso. Indawo yophuhliso sisixhobo esikuvumela ukuba ubhale, uqokelele, ulungise kwaye usebenzise ikhowudi yesicelo. I-Android Studio, i-Android IDE esemthethweni, lolona khetho luqhelekileyo lusetyenziswa ngabaphuhlisi. Ibonelela ngeseti epheleleyo yezixhobo kunye neempawu ezithile kuphuhliso lwesicelo se-Android. NgeSitudiyo se-Android, ungabhala ikhowudi, uyila ujongano lomsebenzisi, wenze iimvavanyo, kwaye ulandele ukuziphatha kwesixhobo Olunye ukhetho oludumileyo yi-IntelliJ IDEA, ekwaxhasa iJava kunye neKotlin. Zombini iinketho zibonelela⁢ uluhlu olubanzi lweempawu kunye nezibonelelo zophuhliso lwesicelo se-Android.

Xa ukhetha ulwimi lwenkqubo kunye nophuhliso lwemeko yokuphuhlisa isicelo se-Android, kubalulekile ukuba uthathele ingqalelo izinto ezithile. Amava eqela lophuhliso, ukulula kogcino, isantya sophuhliso kunye nobukhulu bezinye zezi zinto zibalulekileyo. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela inkxaso yabahlali kunye nokubakho kwezibonelelo zokufunda. Zombini iJava kunye neKotlin zinoluntu olukhulu lomphuhlisi kunye namaxwebhu amaninzi⁢ akhoyo. Ngokuthathela ingqalelo yonke le miba, unokwenza isigqibo esinolwazi kwaye ukhethe ulwimi olufanelekileyo lwenkqubo kunye nophuhliso lwemeko yokuphuhlisa usetyenziso oluyimpumelelo nolusebenzayo lwe-Android.

4. Ukuphunyezwa kwemisebenzi ephambili

Kweli candelo, siza kuphonononga kwinkqubo yokwenza usetyenziso lwe-Android. Nje ukuba ucacelwe malunga noyilo kunye nolwakhiwo ngokubanzi lwe-app yakho, lixesha lokuba uqale ukuzisa iimpawu zayo eziphambili ebomini. Ngezantsi, sibonisa ⁢amanyathelo omawuwalandele ukuphumeza oku:

Yongeza umsebenzi wokungena
Ukungena luphawu olubalulekileyo kwizicelo ezininzi, ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafikelele kwiakhawunti yabo kwaye banandiphe amava omntu. Ukuphumeza oku kusebenza kwi-app yakho ye-Android, unokulandela la manyathelo:
-Sebenzisa iklasi yeFirebase's FirebaseAuth ukuqinisekisa abasebenzisi usebenzisa i-imeyile kunye negama lokugqitha.
-Ibonelela ngojongano lomsebenzisi olubonakalayo kubasebenzisi ukuba bafake iziqinisekiso zabo.
-Sebenzisa imithetho yokhuseleko yeFirebase ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngabasebenzisi abagunyazisiweyo kuphela abanokufikelela kumacandelo athile osetyenziso lwakho.
-Igcina idatha yokungena kwi-Firebase okanye isiseko sedatha sasekhaya ukuvumela ukungena ngokuzenzekelayo kwiiseshoni ezizayo.

Ukudityaniswa kokusebenza kwesaziso sokutyhala
Push⁤ izaziso a indlela esebenzayo ukugcina abasebenzisi benolwazi malunga nohlaziyo olutsha, imiyalezo ebalulekileyo, okanye izikhumbuzo ezinxulumene nesicelo sakho. Apha sikubonisa indlela yokwenza lo msebenzi kwi-app yakho ye-Android:
-Bhalisela inkonzo yesaziso sokutyhala, njengeFirebase Cloud Messaging (FCM), kwaye ufumane isitshixo se-API.
-Lungiselela i-app yakho ukuba ifumane izaziso zokutyhala ngokumisela i-manifest ye-Android kunye nokudala inkonzo yokufumana isaziso.
-Sebenzisa iqhosha le-API elifunyenweyo ukuthumela izaziso zokutyhala kwiseva yakho okanye kwi-Firebase console.
-Yenza ngokwezifiso izaziso zokutyhala ukuze zilingane isazisi esibonakalayo kunye namava osetyenziso lwakho.

Yongeza imbonakalo yendawo⁢
I-Geolocation luphawu olukhulayo olufunwayo kwizicelo eziphathwayo, njengoko ikuvumela ukuba unikezele ngeenkonzo ezisekelwe kwindawo yomsebenzisi Ukuphumeza oku kusebenza kwi-app yakho ye-Android, qwalasela la manyathelo alandelayo:
-Cela iimvume eziyimfuneko kwi-Android manifest ukuze ufikelele kwindawo yomsebenzisi.
-⁤ Sebenzisa iklasi yoMphathi weNdawo ye-Android ukuze ⁤ufumane indawo yangoku yesixhobo.
-Phumeza iinkonzo zemephu, ezinje iimaphu zikagoogle, ukubonisa indawo yomsebenzisi okanye ukunika imiyalelo echanekileyo.
-Cinga ukusebenzisa i-geolocation APIs ukutyebisa ngakumbi amava omsebenzisi, njengokukhangela iindawo ezikufutshane okanye ukwenza iindlela eziqhelekileyo.

Khumbula ukuba, phambi kokuphumeza nakuphi⁢ ukusebenza kwi-⁤app yakho, kubalulekile ukucwangcisa ngononophelo kwaye uyile inkalo nganye. Vavanya ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezibalulekileyo kwi-app yakho kwaye uqiniseke ukuba uhlala ulandelela ukusebenza kunye namava omsebenzisi ukwenza uphuculo oluqhubekayo. Ithamsanqa kuphuhliso lwakho!

5. Ukudityaniswa kweenkonzo zangaphandle kunye nee-APIs

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ⁢kuphuhliso ⁢uphuhliso lwezicelo ze-Android, kuba isivumela ukuba sifikelele ⁤imisebenzi ‍ kunye nedatha⁢ enikwe ngu. namanye amaqonga okanye iinkonzo. Ezi API zisinika amandla okongeza iimpawu ezongezelelweyo kwisicelo sethu, ngaloo ndlela siphucula amava omsebenzisi kunye nokwandisa amandla ayo.

Zininzi ii-API ezifumanekayo zokudibanisa kwizicelo zethu ze-Android. Ukusuka APIs nomphakathi njenge-Facebook kunye ne-Twitter, ukuya kwii-APIs kwiinkonzo zemephu ezifana ne-Google Maps. Ezi APIs zibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi, njengokuqinisekiswa komsebenzisi okanye ukubonisa imephu esebenzayo.

Enye yeendlela ezilungileyo xa udibanisa iinkonzo kunye nee-API zangaphandle kukwenza kakuhle ukuphatha iimpazamo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba isicelo sethu siphatha ngokufanelekileyo iimeko apho i-API ingafikeleleki khona okanye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kusilela. Ukongeza, kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo ukusebenza kwenkqubo yethu xa sisebenzisa ezi APIs, ukunqanda ukucotha okanye ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwezixhobo zesixhobo.

6. Uvavanyo lwesicelo kunye nokulungiswa kweempazamo⁢

Uvavanyo kunye nenqanaba lokulungiswa kwesicelo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo okufanelekileyo kunye nokwaneliseka komsebenzisi. Ngethuba le nkqubo, kuyimfuneko ukwenza uluhlu lweemvavanyo ezipheleleyo ezivumela ukuba sibone kwaye silungise iimpazamo ezinokwenzeka kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle.

Olunye lweemvavanyo eziqhelekileyo kukusebenza ngokubanzi kwesicelo. Kolu vavanyo, luyajongwa ukuba ngaba yonke imisebenzi ye-app yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo. Kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba ingaba amaqhosha kunye namakhonkco asebenza ngokuchanekileyo na, ukuba iifomu zithumela kwaye zifumana idatha ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokuba amanyathelo afunekayo ayenziwa ngaphandle kweengxaki. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuvavanya isicelo kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo. kunye neenkqubo zokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwehlabathi.

Olunye uvavanyo olubalulekileyo kukusebenza kunye nokwenza ngcono kwesicelo. Kolu vavanyo, siqinisekisa ukuba isicelo sisebenza ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhawuleza, ngaphandle kwamaxesha okulayisha agqithisileyo okanye iingozi ezingalindelekanga. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka sikhulise ikhowudi kunye nezixhobo⁢ ezisetyenzisiweyo, njengemifanekiso kunye neaudio okanye⁢ iifayile zevidiyo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuvavanya ukusetyenziswa kwememori kunye nobomi bebhetri kwizixhobo eziphathwayo zokuqinisekisa amava asebenzayo omsebenzisi.

Ekugqibeleni, kubalulekile ukwenza usetyenziso kunye novavanyo lwamava omsebenzisi. Kweli nqanaba, sigxile ekusebenziseni ngokulula kunye nomgangatho wamava isicelo esiwanikezela kubasebenzisi Kucetyiswa ukwenza iimvavanyo kunye nabasebenzisi bokwenyani, abaya kubonelela ngengxelo ebalulekileyo malunga nokuhamba, uyilo kunye nokusebenziseka kwe-app. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iingcebiso zabo zokuphucula i-interface kunye namava omsebenzisi ngokubanzi.

Ngamafutshane, uvavanyo kunye nokulungiswa kwesicelo sisigaba esibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwe-Android app. Kuyimfuneko ukwenza iimvavanyo zokusebenza, ukusebenza kunye nokusebenziseka ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela. Akufunekanga sijongele phantsi ukubaluleka kwezi mvavanyo, njengoko ⁢ziya kusinceda sibhaqe kwaye silungise iimpazamo phambi kokukhulula isicelo kuluntu, ngaloo ndlela siqinisekisa amava awonelisayo kubasebenzisi.

7. Ukupapashwa kunye nokukhuthazwa kwe-app kwi-Google Play Store

Kweli candelo, siza kuphonononga inkqubo ye ukupapashwa kunye nokukhuthaza isicelo sakho kwi Google Play ivenkile. Nje ukuba ugqibe ukuphuhlisa i-app yakho ye-Android, lixesha lokwabelana ngendalo yakho nehlabathi. Uphando Play Store Lelona qonga likhulu lokusasaza usetyenziso lwezixhobo ze-Android, kwaye kubalulekile ukomelela ukufikelela kwalo ukufikelela kubasebenzisi abaninzi.

1. Zifezekise iimfuno zopapasho: Ngaphambi kokuba upapashe i-app yakho kwiVenkile yeGoogle Play, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba uyayithobela imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nezikhokelo ezisekwe nguGoogle. Oku kubandakanya ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-app yakho ayichaphazeli nayiphi na imithetho yelungelo lokushicilela, iqulathe umxholo wesondo, okanye ixhokonxe ubundlobongela, phakathi kwezinye iimfuno. Ukongeza, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba i-app yakho ilungiselelwe zonke izixhobo ze-Android kwaye ibonelela ngamava asemgangathweni omsebenzisi.

2. Yenza iakhawunti yomphuhlisi: Ukupapasha usetyenziso kuGoogle Play Store, uya kudinga iakhawunti yomphuhlisi kaGoogle. Oku kubandakanya ukudala i-akhawunti ye-Google kunye nokuhlawula umrhumo wexesha elilodwa, okwangoku i-$ 25 USD. Nje ukuba wenze iakhawunti yakho yomphuhlisi, uya kukwazi ukufikelela kwiDashboard yoMphuhlisi, apho unokulawula zonke ii-apps zakho kwaye ulandelele ukusebenza kwazo.

3. Lungiselela iphepha le-app: Iphepha lakho lesicelo kuGoogle Play Ivenkile yindawo ⁤indawo yokungena⁤ Yabasebenzisi okunokwenzeka, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuyongeza ukuze ufumane ukubonakala okukhulu. Oku kuquka ukubhala inkcazo enyanzelisayo nemfutshane ye-app yakho, ukukhetha amagama angundoqo afanelekileyo ukuphucula umgangatho wokhangelo lwakho, kunye nokuyila imifanekiso-skrini kunye neevidiyo zokuthengisa ezibonisa iimpawu eziphambili ze-app yakho. Kwakhona, khumbula ukubuza uphononongo lomsebenzisi kunye nengxelo yokwandisa intembeko kunye nokubonakala kosetyenziso lwakho.