Uyicoca njani iFayile

Ukukwazi ukufihla ifayile kwihlabathi ledijithali kuye kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo efunekayo. Nokuba kungenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko, ukubuyisela ulwazi, okanye ngenxa yokufuna ukwazi, abasebenzisi abaninzi bazifumana bejongene nomngeni wokuzama ukutyhila imixholo yefayile efihliweyo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa Inyathelo nenyathelo inkqubo yokuchithwa kwefayile, ukujongana nezixhobo zobugcisa kunye neengcamango eziphambili eziyimfuneko ukuphumeza ngempumelelo lo msebenzi.

1. Intshayelelo yoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo lwefayile

Uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo lwefayile yinkqubo esetyenzisiweyo ukukhusela ulwazi oluyimfihlo kunye nokuqinisekisa ubumfihlo bakho. Ibandakanya ukuguqula idatha kwifayile kwifomati engafundekiyo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ciphertext, ngokusetyenziswa kwe-algorithms yemathematika. Lo mbhalo we-cipher unokukhutshwa kuphela ngabo baneqhosha elichanekileyo loguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo, beqinisekisa ukuba ngabantu abagunyazisiweyo kuphela abanokufikelela kulwazi.

Kuyo yonke le posi, siya kukukhokela inyathelo ngenyathelo ngenkqubo yofihlo lwefayile. Siza kukubonelela ngezifundo zokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, iingcebiso malunga neendlela ezingcono zokufihla, kunye nemizekelo ebonisa indlela yokusebenzisa le nkqubo kwiimeko zehlabathi lokwenyani.

Uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo lwefayile lube linyathelo lokhuseleko elibalulekileyo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje ledijithali. Ayikhuseli kuphela ukuthembeka kunye nokugcinwa kwemfihlo kwedatha, kodwa ikhusela ukungenelela okungagunyaziswanga kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kolwazi. Ukufunda malunga nokufihlwa kwefayile kuya kukuvumela ukuba ukhusele idatha yakho kwaye uyigcine ikhuselekile, nokuba ikwikhompyuter yakho, efini okanye ngexesha ukudluliselwa kwefayile nge-intanethi.

2. Iintlobo eziphambili zeefayile ezifihliweyo

Iifayile ezifihliweyo zi indlela ekhuselekileyo ukugcina ulwazi oluyimfihlo, kuba zinokufikelelwa kuphela kusetyenziswa isitshixo sokufihla. Ngale ndlela, kukho iindidi ezininzi zeefayile ezifihliweyo ezisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ziya kuchazwa ngezantsi:

1. Iifayile ze-ZIP ezifihliweyo: Iifayile ze-ZIP ziyifomathi yocinezelo esetyenziswa ngokubanzi yokuhlanganisa iifayile ezininzi zibe nye. Ukongeza, kuyenzeka ukufihla ezi fayile ze-ZIP ukukhusela umxholo wazo. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi xa usabelana ngeefayile ezinovakalelo ngendlela yombane okanye kwilifu. Ukususa ukuntsonkotha kwefayile ye-ZIP, igama lokugqitha okanye iqhosha lokuguqulela kufuneka lisetyenziswe.

2. Iifayile ezifihliweyo kusetyenziswa isoftware ekhethekileyo: Kukho iinkqubo ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukufihla iifayile, zibonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelweyo. Ezi nkqubo zihlala zibonelela ngeendlela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo, olufana ne-encryption algorithms kunye namanqanaba ahlukeneyo okhuseleko. Eminye imizekelo yesoftware yoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo yiFayileVault yeMac, BitLocker yeWindows, kunye neVeraCrypt kuwo omabini amaqonga. Ezi nkqubo zikuvumela ukuba uguqulele ngokuntsonkothileyo iifayile zomntu okanye izahlulo ezipheleleyo ukusuka kwi-hard drive.

3. Iifayile ezifihliweyo nge-imeyile: Amaxesha amaninzi kuyimfuneko ukuthumela ulwazi oluyimfihlo nge-imeyile. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezi fayile azifundwa ngabantu abangagunyaziswanga, iifayili ezifihliweyo eziqhotyoshelwe kumyalezo zinokusetyenziswa. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ngumamkeli ochanekileyo kuphela onokususa ukuntsonkotha aze afikelele imixholo yesincamatheliso. Iifayile ezifihliweyo ze-imeyile zenziwa kusetyenziswa ucinezelo kunye neenkqubo zofihlo, ezifana nePGP okanye iGPG.

Ngamafutshane, zibandakanya iifayile ze-ZIP ezifihliweyo, iifayile ezifihliweyo zisebenzisa isoftware ekhethekileyo, kunye neefayile ezifihliweyo nge-imeyile. Ezi ntlobo zeefayile zibonelela ngoluhlu olongezelelweyo lokhuseleko kunye nobumfihlo kulwazi olubuthathaka kwaye lunokufikelelwa kuphela ngabantu abagunyazisiweyo ngokusebenzisa isitshixo sokufihla. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iindlela ezithembekileyo zokufihla kwaye ukhusele amagama ayimfihlo okanye izitshixo zokufihla ezisetyenzisiweyo.

3. Imiba ephambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe phambi kokuba uguqulelwe kwifayile

Phambi kokucima ifayile, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo eziza kuqinisekisa inkqubo esebenzayo nekhuselekileyo. Nazi iingongoma ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

Uhlobo lwefayile: Phambi kokuba uqalise inkqubo yoguqulelo lwentsokolo, kufuneka uchonge uhlobo lwefayile ozama ukuyicima. Ezinye iifayile zinokufuna iindlela ezithile zokuguqulelwa kwentsokolo ngokuxhomekeke kwifomathi yazo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba olu lwazi ukhethe isixhobo esilungileyo.

Izixhobo zokuguqulela untsonkotho kunye neSoftware: Kukho izixhobo ezininzi kunye nesoftware ekhoyo kwi-intanethi yokucofa iifayile, kodwa ayizizo zonke ezithembekileyo okanye ezikhuselekileyo. Kubalulekile ukwenza uphando lwakho kwaye ukhethe isixhobo esithembekileyo kumthombo othembekileyo. Qinisekisa ukufunda uphononongo, jonga igama lesoftware, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba iyaluxhasa uhlobo lwefayile ofuna ukuyicima.

Ukhuseleko nokhuseleko: Uguqulelo lwefayile oluntsonkothileyo lunokuba yinkqubo ebuthathaka ebandakanya ukufikelela kulwazi olubuthathaka. Kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela idatha yakho kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko ngexesha lenkqubo. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezithembekileyo zokuguqulela kwikhowudi ezisebenzisa uguqulelo oluluqilima kwaye uqinisekise ukuba uqhagamshelo lwakho lwe-intanethi lukhuselekile. Kwakhona, qiniseka ukwenza iikopi ezigcinayo ze iifayile zakho phambi kokwenza nayiphi na i-decryption ukuphepha ukulahleka kwedatha.

4. Izixhobo kunye neenkqubo ezisetyenziselwa ukucima iifayile

Kwinkqubo yokucima ifayile, kukho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ukufumana ukufikelela kulwazi olufihliweyo. Apha ngezantsi zezinye zezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa ngabasebenzi be-cybersecurity kunye nabahlaseli be-ethics ukukhupha iifayile.

1. UJohn uMkhuhli: Esi sixhobo sivunyiwe ngokubanzi kwaye sisetyenziselwa ubuchule bayo bokuqhekeka igama lokugqitha. UJohn iRipper unokwenza uhlaselo lwamandla akhohlakeleyo, avavanye amagama ayimfihlo amiselweyo kwaye enze izichazi-magama eziyimfihlo. Ukongeza, inamandla okusebenzisa imisonto emininzi ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokuqhafaza. Kucetyiswa ukuba uziqhelanise namaxwebhu asemthethweni kunye nezifundo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa esi sixhobo ngenxa yobunzima baso kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi okunokwenzeka.

2. Hashcat: Esi sixhobo sinamandla sokubuyisela igama lokugqitha sisebenzisa "uhlaselo lwe-brute force" kunye "nohlaselo lwesichazimagama" ubuchule bokucacisa iifayile ezinamagama ayimfihlo. I-Hashcat iyakwazi ukusebenzisa amandla okucubungula i-GPU ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokuqhekeka, iyenze ibe yinto esebenzayo kakhulu kwiiphasiwedi ezinzima. Nangona sisixhobo esinamandla kakhulu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba sisetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo nangokucacileyo, njengoko sinokusetyenziswa gwenxa ngeenjongo ezingekho mthethweni.

3. Ukuqhuma komoya: Esi sixhobo sikhethekileyo ekukhupheni iikhowudi zokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi ezingenazingcingo ezikhuselwe nge-WEP okanye iWPA/WPA2 protocol. I-Aircrack-ng iyakwazi ukubamba iipakethi zedatha kwaye yenza uhlaselo olungenabuqhetseba lokuqhekeza igama lokugqitha lomnatha. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukusebenzisa esi sixhobo ngaphandle kokugunyaziswa komnini wenethiwekhi akukho mthethweni kwaye kuphula ubumfihlo. Soloko usebenzisa i-Aircrack-ng ngokweenqobo ezisesikweni kunye nentembeko ukuphepha iziphumo zomthetho.

Ezi zezinye nje ze. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo kufuneka kube noxanduva kwaye ngokuhambelana nemithetho esebenzayo kunye nemimiselo. Khumbula ukuba ukususa uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo iifayile ngaphandle kwemvume kunokubonwa njengokwaphulwa kwemfihlo kwaye kunokuba neziphumo zomthetho. Soloko uqinisekisa ukuba ufumana ugunyaziso olufanelekileyo phambi kokusebenzisa ezi zixhobo kuwo nawuphi na umxholo.

5. Amanyathelo okucima ifayile efihliweyo inyathelo ngenyathelo

Ngezantsi ngamanyathelo afunekayo ukuze uguqule ifayile efihliweyo inyathelo ngenyathelo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le nkqubo inokuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kwi-algorithm esetyenziselwa ukubethela kunye nezixhobo ezikhoyo, kodwa la manyathelo alandelayo aya kunika isikhokelo esiqhelekileyo sokujongana nalo mbandela.

1. Chonga i-algorithm yoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo esetyenzisiweyo: Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenzile kukumisela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lofihlo olusetyenziswe kwifayile. Oku kunokubandakanya ukuhlalutya ikhowudi yemvelaphi yesicelo okanye ukuphonononga nawaphi na amaxwebhu okanye ulungelelwaniso lwenkqubo olukhoyo.

2. Fumana izixhobo eziyimfuneko: Emva kokuba i-algorithm ye-encryption ichongiwe, izixhobo eziyimfuneko kufuneka zifunyenwe ukukhupha ifayile. Oku kunokubandakanya ukufakela isoftwe ethile okanye ukusebenzisa amathala eencwadi okanye iinkqubo zomyalelo.

6. Imingeni eqhelekileyo xa ucofa iifayile kunye nendlela yokuzoyisa

Ukucima iifayile kunokubonisa imingeni eyahlukeneyo yobugcisa, kodwa ngolwazi oluchanekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo, unokuzoyisa. Apha ngezantsi kukho imingeni eqhelekileyo xa ucofa iifayile kunye nendlela yokuzisombulula:

1. Iiphasiwedi ezingaziwayo: Omnye wemingeni ephambili xa ucofa iifayile kuxa igama eliyimfihlo lingaziwa. Kwezi meko, ungazama ezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• Sebenzisa izixhobo zokubuyisela igama lokugqitha: Kukho ezinye izixhobo ezikhoyo ezinokukunceda ufumane amagama ayimfihlo olityelweyo okanye olahlekileyo. Ezi zixhobo zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngohlaselo lwe-brute force okanye isichazi-magama, ukuzama ukuqhekeza igama eliyimfihlo.
• Khangela igama lokugqitha kwiifayile ezinxulumeneyo: Ukuba ifayile efihliweyo inxulumene nezinye iifayile okanye iinkonzo, ungajonga imikhondo malunga negama lokugqitha kwezo fayile okanye kwizicwangciso zezo nkonzo.

2. Ifomati yefayile engaziwayo: Ngamanye amaxesha, ungadibana neefayile ezifihliweyo kwifomati ongayaziyo. Kwezi meko, unokulandela la manyathelo ukuchonga ifomathi kunye nokucima ifayile:

• Phanda ngefomathi yefayile: Yenza uphando kwi-intanethi ngolwazi malunga nefomathi yefayile. Ungafumana izifundo, amaxwebhu okanye izixhobo ezithile kuloo fomati.
• Sebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo: Kukho izixhobo ezenzelwe ukucima iifayile kwiifomathi ezithile. Ezi zixhobo zinokukunceda ukuba ufunde kwaye uguqule ukuntsonkotha kwemixholo yefayile ngendlela engaziwayo.

3. Iifayile ezonakeleyo okanye ezonakeleyo: Ngamanye amaxesha, iifayile ezifihliweyo zingonakala okanye zonakaliswe, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuyicoca. Ukoyisa lo mngeni, zama ezi zisombululo:

• Lungisa ifayile eyonakeleyo: Ukuba ifayile yonakaliswe ngokuyinxenye, ungazama ukuyilungisa usebenzisa izixhobo zokulungisa iifayile ezithe ngqo kuloo fomati.
• Ukufumana kwakhona a isipele: Ukuba une-backup yefayile efihliweyo, zama ukubuyisela ifayile kugcino. Oku kunokukunceda ukuphepha iingxaki ngeefayile ezonakalisiweyo okanye ezonakeleyo.
• Qhagamshelana nomboneleli weefayile: Ukuba ufumene ifayile kumboneleli okanye isevisi, qhagamshelana nabo ukuze ufumane uncedo. Basenokuba nezisombululo ezithile kwiingxaki zoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo okanye iifayile ezonakeleyo.

7. Imilinganiselo yokhuseleko eyongezelelweyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa kuchithwa iifayili

Xa ucoca iifayile kubalulekile ukuba uthathele ingqalelo ezinye iindlela zokhuseleko ezongezelelweyo zokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwedatha kunye nokuthintela ubuthathaka obunokwenzeka. Ngezantsi kukho izindululo onokuzilandela:

1. Utiliza herramientas de confianza: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ye-decryption yenziwe ngokukhuselekileyo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezithembekileyo kunye nesoftware. Yenza uphando lwakho kwaye ukhethe inketho eyaziwayo kwimarike enika iziqinisekiso zokhuseleko. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezingaziwayo, njengoko zinokuqulatha i-malware okanye ulwazi oluchanaba.

2. Hlaziya iinkqubo zakho kunye neenkqubo: Gcina zombini iinkqubo zakho zofihlo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza zihlaziyiwe. Uhlaziyo lubandakanya uphuculo lokhuseleko oluthomalalisa ubuthathaka obunokwenzeka. Yenza rhoqo uhlaziyo olucetyiswa ngababoneleli besoftware kwaye ugcine iinkqubo zakho zikhuselwe kwiingozi ezinokubakho.

3. Yenza iikopi zedatha: Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise nayiphi na inkqubo yokuguqulela, yenza ugcino lweefayile zokuqala. Ngale ndlela, ukuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle ngexesha lenkqubo kunye nokulahleka kwedatha kwenzeka, unokuyibuyisela ngokulula. Gcina ii-backups kwindawo ekhuselekileyo kwaye uzihlaziye rhoqo ukunqanda naziphi na iziganeko ezimbi.

8. Imingcipheko enxulumene nokuchazwa kwefayile engalunganga

Zinokuba zibalulekileyo kwaye zichaphazele abantu kunye nemibutho. Ukuba kwenziwe ngokungafanelekanga, ukuchithwa kwefayile engafanelekanga kunokubangela ukulahlekelwa ngokusisigxina kwedatha ebalulekileyo, inkohlakalo yefayile, kunye nokuphulwa kobumfihlo. Kubalulekile ukugcina ezi ngqwalasela ngaphambi kokuzama ukufihla nayiphi na ifayile ukuphepha iziphumo ezingafunekiyo.

Apha ngezantsi kukho imingcipheko eqhelekileyo enxulunyaniswa nokuguqulelwa kwefayile engachanekanga:

1. Ukulahleka kwedatha: Ukuba indlela engalunganga okanye isitshixo esingalunganga sisetyenziselwe ukuguqulela ukuntsonkotha kwefayile, kukho umngcipheko wokuba idatha inokulahleka ngokungenakuguqulwa. Oku kunokuba yingxaki ngakumbi xa ujongana neefayile ezibalulekileyo okanye ezixabisekileyo.

2. urhwaphilizo lwefayile: Ukuchaneka okungafanelekanga kungonakalisa isakhiwo kunye nomxholo wefayile, okukhokelela kukonakala kwayo. Oku ingayenza yenza ifayile ingafikeleleki okanye ingasebenzi, oku kuthetha ukuchitha ixesha kunye nezibonelelo ezizama ukubuyisela okanye ukulungisa ifayile.

3. Ukwaphulwa kobumfihlo kunye nokhuseleko: Ukuchithwa kwefayile ngendlela engafanelekanga kunokuveza ulwazi olunovakalelo noluyimfihlo kubantu abangagunyaziswanga. Oku kunokuphazamisa ubumfihlo babantu kunye nokhuseleko lombutho, ngakumbi ukuba iifayile ziqulethe iinkcukacha zomntu okanye iimfihlo zorhwebo.

Ukuze ugweme le mingcipheko, kubalulekile ukuba ulandele ngokucophelela iinkqubo ezicetyiswayo xa ususa iifayile. Qiniseka ukuba usebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye neendlela, kwaye ugcine engqondweni ukubaluleka kokuba nezitshixo ezichanekileyo zoguqulelo. Ukuba awuqinisekanga okanye ungenamava kwi-decryption yefayile, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ufune uncedo lweengcali zokhuseleko lwekhompyutheni ukunciphisa ingozi kunye nokuqinisekisa inkqubo eyimpumelelo nekhuselekileyo.

9. Iindlela ezizezinye zokususa ukuntsonkotha kwefayile: xa kungcono ukungafihli?

Kukho iimeko apho kunokuba ngcono ukungafihli iifayile. Nazi ezinye iindlela onokuziqwalasela:

Khangela ii-backups: Ukuba unogcino lwamva nje lweefayile ezifihliweyo, kunokuba luncedo ngakumbi ukuzibuyisela ukusuka apho endaweni yokuzama ukuzifihla. Qinisekisa ukuba usoloko unee-backups ezisexesheni ukunqanda ukuphulukana nedatha.

Dibana nengcaphephe yokhuseleko: Ukuba iifayile ezifihliweyo ziqulethe ulwazi olubalulekileyo kwaye awukwazi ukuzifihla ngokwakho, kungcono ukufuna uncedo kwingcali yokhuseleko lwekhompyutheni. Basenokuba nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo okanye ulwazi lokukunceda ucombulule ingxaki.

Vavanya impembelelo enokwenzeka: Phambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo sokuba uzicime na iifayile zakho, vavanya ifuthe elinokubakho lokwenza oko. Ukuba iifayile aziqulathanga ulwazi olubalulekileyo okanye zitshintshelwe ngokulula, kunokuba lula ukuzishiya zifihliwe kwaye ugxininise iinzame zakho kweminye, imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu.

10. Uzicoca njani iifayile kwiinkqubo ezithile zokusebenza

Ukucima iifayile kwiinkqubo ezithile zokusebenza kunokubonakala ngathi ngumsebenzi onzima, kodwa ngamanyathelo afanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo, kunokwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ngezantsi ngamanye amanyathelo aphambili aza kukukhokela kwinkqubo yokuguqulelwa kwefayile kwiinkqubo ezithile zokusebenza:

1. Identifica el inkqubo yokwenza: Phambi kokuba uqalise, qiniseka ukuba ucacile malunga nendlela yokusebenza oyisebenzisayo, njengoko amanyathelo anokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisixokelelwano. Khumbula ukuba zikhona iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo ezifana neWindows, macOS kunye neLinux, kwaye nganye inezixhobo zayo kunye neenkqubo zokucima ifayile.

• KwiWindows:
• Sebenzisa izixhobo zoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo njenge-BitLocker okanye i-EFS (iNkqubo yeFayile eNciphiweyo) ukuze uguqule iifayili. Ezi zixhobo ziqhele ukwakhiwa kwisixokelelwano kwaye zinika iinketho zokucofa iifayile ezizimeleyo okanye ziphelele ihadi drayivu.
• Ukuba ifayile ikhuselwe igama eliyimfihlo, sebenzisa iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokuguqulela uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo njengePassware Kit okanye iOfisi ePhambili yokuBuyiselwa kwegama lokugqithisa.
• Kwi-macOS:
• Vula isicelo seDisk Utility kwaye ukhethe ifayile efihliweyo.
• Cofa kwiFayile ithebhu kwaye ukhethe Vula okanye unyusele ukhetho lokususa ifayile. Usenokucelwa ukuba ufake igama lokugqithisa elisetyenziswe ngexesha loguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo.
• Ukuba ukhetho olungentla alusebenzi, ungazama ukusebenzisa isoftware yomntu wesithathu efana neDiski Drill okanye FileSalvage ukubuyisela idatha kwifayile efihliweyo.
• KwiLinux:
• Kuxhomekeke kunikezelo lweLinux kunye nesixokelelwano sefayile esetyenzisiweyo, kukho iinketho ezininzi zokucofa iifayile. Ezinye izinikezelo, ezinje ngo-Ubuntu, zinezixhobo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezinje nge-eCryptfs kunye neGnuPG.
• Ukuba usebenzisa inkqubo yefayile ye-EncFS, ungasebenzisa isixhobo se-Cryptkeeper ukucacisa iifayile.
• Ukuba ifayile ikhuselwe igama eligqithisiweyo, ungasebenzisa iinkqubo ezifana noJohn the Ripper okanye iHashcat ukukrazula igama eligqithisiweyo kunye nokufikelela kwifayile.

Khumbula ukuba ukufihla iifayile kunokuba yinkqubo ebuthathaka kwaye kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo ngononophelo. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ujonge izifundo ezithile ukuze inkqubo yakho yokusebenza kunye nodidi lwefayile. Ithamsanqa kwinkqubo yakho yokuguqulela ikhowudi!

11. Ukucoca iifayile nge-encryption ephezulu: ubuchule kunye neengcebiso

Uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo luyindlela eqhelekileyo yokhuseleko yokukhusela iifayile ezibuthathaka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ujongene nomsebenzi wokucima ifayile enoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo, kunokuba ngumngeni. Kweli nqaku, siza kukubonelela ngobuchule kunye neengcebiso zokukunceda ucofe ezi fayile ngokufanelekileyo.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda uhlobo lofihlo olusetyenziswe kwifayile. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo oluphucukileyo, olunje ngeAES, iRSA kunye neBlowfish. Ngamnye kubo ufuna indlela eyahlukileyo yokucacisa. Ungamisela uhlobo lofihlo ngokuphonononga izandiso zefayile okanye ukukhangela ulwazi kuxwebhu lwefayile.

Nje ukuba uchonge uhlobo loguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo, ungasebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezifumanekayo kwi-intanethi ukucima ifayile. Ezinye iinkqubo ezidumileyo ziquka i-OpenSSL, iGnuPG, kunye neHashcat. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngemisebenzi ephucukileyo kunye neenketho zesiko ukukunceda kwinkqubo yokufihla. Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba aphande kwaye wazi iinketho zokumisela kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezi zixhobo ukufumana iziphumo ezizezona zilungileyo.

12. Ukugcina njani ukuthembeka kunye nemfihlo yeefayile ezifihliweyo

Kwixesha ledijithali, ukhuseleko lwefayile kunye nokukhuselwa kolwazi olubucayi zizinto ezisisiseko. Apha siza kukubonisa ezinye izikhokelo zokugcina ingqibelelo kunye nemfihlo yeefayile ezikhutshiweyo.

1. Sebenzisa iipassword eziqinileyo: Qiniseka ukuba wenza iipassword ezintsonkothileyo kwaye uphephe ukusebenzisa iinkcukacha zobuqu ezifikeleleka lula okanye ezinokucingelwa kwangaphambili. Udibanisa oonobumba abakhulu nabancinci, amanani kunye nabalinganiswa abakhethekileyo. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa igama eliyimfihlo elinye kwiifayile okanye iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo.

2. Fihla iifayile ezibuthathaka: Ukongeza umaleko owongezelelweyo wokhuseleko, cinga ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokufihla iifayili ukufihla iifayile ngaphambi kokuba uzithumele okanye uzigcine kwizixhobo zangaphandle. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba ngabantu abagunyazisiweyo kuphela abanokufikelela kulwazi.

3. Gcina isoftwe yakho ihlaziywa: Abaphuhlisi beSoftware bakhupha uhlaziyo rhoqo ukulungisa ubuthathaka bokhuseleko. Qinisekisa ukufaka iinguqulelo zamva nje zeenkqubo zakho kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza, njengoko olu hlaziyo luhlala lubandakanya ukulungiswa kwemiba yokhuseleko eyaziwayo. Musa ukukujongela phantsi ukubaluleka kokugcina isoftware yakho ihlaziywa ukukhusela iifayile zakho.

13. Iimeko ezisebenzayo zokusebenzisa iifayile kwiimeko zeshishini

Kwiimeko zoshishino, imfuno idla ngokuvela ukucofa iifayile ukufikelela kwidatha ebuthathaka egcinwe kuzo. Apha ngezantsi kukho iimeko ezisebenzisekayo zokucofa iifayile kolu hlobo lweemeko-bume:

1. Fumana kwakhona amagama ayimfihlo alityelweyo: Ngamanye amaxesha, abasebenzi banokulibala iipassword zabo kwiifayile ezifihliweyo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukufikelela kulwazi olubalulekileyo. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, izixhobo ezithile ezenzelwe ukufihla iifayile usebenzisa ukubuyiswa kwephasiwedi zingasetyenziswa. Ezi zixhobo ziqhele ukusebenzisa iindlela zokunyanzelisa i-brute okanye izichazi-magama ezichazwe kwangaphambili zegama lokugqitha ukudekha iifayile. Okubalulekileyo, ezi zixhobo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokusesikweni nangemvume yomnini wefayile.

2. Uhlalutyo lwe-Forensic: Kwinkalo yokhuseleko lwekhompyutheni, uhlalutyo lwe-forensic lubalulekile ukuphanda iziganeko kunye nokufumanisa izisongelo ezinokwenzeka. Abahlalutyi basenkundleni bahlala befuna ukufihla iifayile ezifihliweyo ukuze bahlolisise imixholo yazo kwaye bafumane ubungqina obufanelekileyo. Kukho izixhobo ezininzi zeforensic ezikhoyo ezikuvumela ukuba uguqule iifayile kwindawo yeshishini kwaye ufumane idatha yohlalutyo olongezelelweyo. Ezi zixhobo zihlala zineempawu eziphambili ezifana nokutsalwa kolwazi olukhethiweyo kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona kweefayile ezicinyiweyo.

3. Ukuthotyelwa kweMimiselo: Imibutho emininzi iphantsi kwemigaqo efuna ukuphononongwa nokuphicothwa kweefayile zayo ezifihliweyo. Ukucima ezi fayile kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemimiselo yangoku. Ngenxa yale njongo, izixhobo zokuguqulela zingasetyenziswa ezibonelela ngerekhodi eneenkcukacha zemisebenzi eyenziwayo, ukuqinisekisa ukulandeleka kunye nokungafihlisi kwayo yonke inkqubo yokucima.

Ukuqukumbela, ziyahlukahluka kwaye zilungelelanise iimfuno ezithile zemibutho kunye neengcali. Ukusuka kwi-password esele ulityalwe yokubuyisela ukuya kwi-forensics kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho, kukho izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nobuchule obukuvumela ukuba ukhuphe iifayile ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ubugqwetha kunye nokuziphatha xa usebenzisa ezi zixhobo, uhlala ufumana imvume ehambelanayo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kolwazi olubucayi.

14. Iingqwalaselo ezisesikweni nezomthetho xa ucofa iifayili zabucala

Xa ususa uguqulelo lweefayile zabucala, kubalulekile ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo imilinganiselo yokuziphatha neyomthetho ukuqinisekisa ubumfihlo kunye nokukhuselwa kwedatha ebandakanyekayo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukufikelela kunye nokucima iifayile zangasese ngaphandle kokugunyaziswa kunokubangela ukuphulwa komthetho, ngaphezu kokuphulwa kwamalungelo obumfihlo abantu abachaphazelekayo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukulandela izikhokelo ezithile zokuziphatha kunye nezomthetho xa ujongana nolu hlobo lwemeko.

Enye yeengqwalasela eziphambili zokuziphatha kukufumana imvume yomnini wefayile ngaphambi kokuzama ukuyisusa. Ngaphandle kwemvume efanelekileyo, siya kube sinyhasha imfihlo yomntu kwaye sinokujongana neziphumo zomthetho. Ukuba ifayile yeyombutho, kubalulekile ukuhlonipha imigaqo-nkqubo yangaphakathi kunye nemimiselo ngaphambi kokuthatha nawaphi na amanyathelo.

Ngaphaya koko, kubalulekile ukungqinisisa ukuba semthethweni kokucima iifayile zabucala ngokwemithetho yolawulo ngalunye. Ilizwe ngalinye linemimiselo ethile malunga nobumfihlo kunye nokhuseleko lwedatha, kwaye kubalulekile ukuziqhelanisa nayo ngaphambi kokuba uthathe naliphi na inyathelo. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba ukuguqulelwa kwefayile kusemthethweni na ngokwezizathu ezisemthethweni, ezifana nophando lolwaphulo-mthetho olugunyaziswe ngabasemagunyeni abanobuchule. Kuhlala kucetyiswa ukuba ufune iingcebiso zezomthetho ezikhethekileyo kwiimeko ezinzima kunye nentandabuzo.

Ukuqukumbela, ukucima ifayile kunokuba ngumngeni kodwa inkqubo enokufezekiswa ukuba amanyathelo afanelekileyo kunye nobuchule bulandelwa. Kweli nqaku, siye sahlola iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa ukucima iifayile, ukusuka ekusebenziseni amagama ayimfihlo ukuya kuhlalutyo lwe-cryptographic kunye nobunjineli obubuyisela umva.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukufihla ifayile ngaphandle kogunyaziso kunokuba semthethweni kwaye kuthandabuzeke ngokweenqobo ezisesikweni. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho efanelekileyo kunye nemimiselo xa wenza naluphi na uhlobo lwefayile yokuchithwa kwefayile.

Ngaphambi kokuzama ukucima ifayile, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhuphe zonke iindlela zokufikelela ngokusemthethweni kwaye ucele imvume kumnini okanye umntu onoxanduva lwefayile. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi lobugcisa kunye nezakhono eziyimfuneko ukwenza lo msebenzi ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukunyaniseka kwefayile okanye ubumfihlo bolwazi oluqulethwe kuyo.

Kuhlala kucetyiswa ukuba ufune uncedo lokhuseleko lwekhompyuter okanye iingcali ze-cryptography ukuba udibana nefayile efihliweyo kwaye awunalo ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukuyisusa ngokufanelekileyo nangokusemthethweni. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iingcali zinokubonelela ngeengcebiso ezikhethekileyo kunye nenkxaso, ngaloo ndlela zigweme iingxaki ezingeyomfuneko kunye nemiphumo enokubakho yomthetho.

Ngamafutshane, ukucima ifayile kunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima kunye nobuthathaka, ofuna ulwazi oluqinileyo lobugcisa kunye nokuqonda okunzulu kwe-cryptographic kunye neendlela zokhuseleko lwekhompyutheni. Kuhlala kuqiqile ukwenza ngokuziphatha kunye nangaphakathi kwemida yomthetho xa uzama ukucima iifayile, ukufuna uncedo lweengcali xa kuyimfuneko.