Indlela yokuqhawula ihadi drayivu kwiPC yakho
I-hard drive defragmentation yindlela esisiseko ekufuneka wonke umsebenzisi wekhompyuter ayazi kwaye ayisebenzise rhoqo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuchaza ukuba yintoni i-defragmentation, isebenza njani kwaye ungayenza njani le nkqubo kwiPC yakho ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, kuqhelekile ukuba iifayile ziqhekeke zibe ngamacandelo amaninzi kwi-hard drive, enokucothisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo. I-Defragmentation inokusombulula le ngxaki ngokucwangcisa kwakhona iifayile kunye nokubeka kwiindawo ezidibeneyo, ukuvumela ukufikelela kwedatha ngokukhawuleza.
Yintoni i-hard drive defragmentation?
Ukuqhekeka kwemisipha ukusuka kwi-hard drive Yinkqubo ehlengahlengisa iifayile ezigcinwe kwi-PC yakho yokugcina idrayivu. Nini ifayile yi igcinwe kwi-hard drive, isoloko igcinwa kumacandelo ahlukeneyo angabonakaliyo. Xa uvula kwaye uhlela le fayile, i inkqubo yokwenza Kuya kufuneka ukhangele iindawo ezahlukeneyo kwi-hard drive yakho ukufikelela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zefayile, ezinokuthatha ixesha elide. I-Defragmentation ifumanisa kwaye ilungelelanise kwakhona amaqhekeza efayile ukuze uwabeke kwiindawo eziqhubekayo, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe isantya sokufikelela kwedatha.
Isebenza njani i-hard drive defragmentation?
Inkqubo yokwahlukaniswa iskena i-hard drive yamaqhekeza efayile asasazekileyo kwaye emva koko ilungelelanise kwakhona kwiindawo ezidibeneyo. Ngokudibanisa ezi ziqwenga kunye, unciphisa umgama ukuba intloko yokufunda/yokubhala ye-hard drive kufuneka ihambe ukufikelela kwidatha. Ukongeza, oku kwakhona kunciphisa ithuba lokuba i-hard drive kuya kufuneka yenze iintshukumo ezingeyomfuneko ukufunda/ukubhala idatha, nto leyo eyandisa ubomi behard drive.
Uyicoca njani i-hard drive kwiPC yakho
Ukwahlulahlula i-hard drive yePC yakho yinkqubo elula onokuyenza ngokulandela la manyathelo. Okokuqala, vula i-Windows defragmentation tool, ebekwe kwicandelo le-System Accessories yeeNkqubo kwimenyu yokuqalisa. Nje ukuba ukwisixhobo, khetha idrayivu ofuna ukuyicofa kwaye ucofe iqhosha elithi "Defragment Disk". Inkqubo inokuthatha ixesha elithile, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye nenqanaba lokuqhekeka kwe-drive, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba wenze ukuqhawuka xa ungadingi ukusebenzisa iPC yakho ngamandla.
Ukuqukumbela, ukwahlulwa kwehard drive ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo wobugcisa onceda ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwePC yakho. Ukwenza le nkqubo rhoqo kunokuphucula isantya sofikelelo lwedatha kunye nokwandisa ubomi behard drive yakho. Ngoku ekubeni uyayazi indlela yokwahlulahlula ihard drive yakho, ungalibazisi ukusebenzisa obu buchule ukuze usebenze. ukusebenza okuphuculweyo kwikhompyutha yakho!
-Yintoni i-hard drive defragmentation
La ukuqhekeka kwe-hard drive Yinkqubo enokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwePC yakho. Njengoko usebenzisa ikhompyuter yakho, iifayile kunye neenkqubo zigcinwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehard drive, nto leyo inokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwedatha. Oku kuthetha ukuba iifayile zigcinwa kwiindawo ezininzi, ezisasazekileyo kwi-hard drive, eyenza ukufikelela kuzo kucothise. I-Defragmentation yindlela yokulungelelanisa ezi fayile zihlakazekile kwaye zidibanise kwiindawo ezidibeneyo, ezivumela ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo.
Kukho ezininzi izixhobo zesoftware ekhoyo kwimarike ekuvumela ukuba ulahlekise hard drive yakho. Ezi zixhobo ziskena idiski ukuze zifumane amaqhekeza asasazekileyo kwaye zilungelelanise kwakhona ngolandelelwano olunengqiqo. Ngokwenza njalo, baphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo jikelele, ukukhawuleza amaxesha okulayisha iinkqubo kunye neefayile. Ukongezelela, ukuchithwa kwe-defragmentation kunokunciphisa ukugqoka kunye nokukrazula kwi-hard drive, ekubeni intloko yokufunda nokubhala ayifuni ukuhamba amaxesha amaninzi ukufikelela kwidatha.
Ukuba ufuna ukudefragment hard drive yePC yakho, kubalulekile ukulandela amanyathelo athile. amanyathelo aphambili ukuqinisekisa inkqubo eyimpumelelo. Okokuqala, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uvale zonke iinkqubo kunye nezicelo ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukuchithwa. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba akukho zifayile ezisetyenziswayo kwaye kunika indawo ezinzileyo kwinkqubo. Ukongeza, luluvo olulungileyo ukwenza ugcino lweefayile zakho ezibalulekileyo phambi kokuba uqalise ukwahlulwa, ukuba kunokwenzeka impazamo engalindelekanga. Okokugqibela, kunokuthatha ixesha ukugqiba ukuqhawuka, ngakumbi ukuba akwenziwanga ixesha elide okanye ukuba i-hard drive igcwele kakhulu. ayisiyiyo Kufuneka usebenzise iPC yakho ixesha elide Khumbula ukuba ukwahlulahlula ihard drive yakho ngumsebenzi ekufuneka wenziwe rhoqo ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwePC yakho.
– Ukubaluleka kokwahlulahlula rhoqo i-hard drive
Umsebenzi obalulekileyo wokugcina ikhompyuter yakho isebenza kakuhle defragment hard drive rhoqo. Njengoko usebenzisa iPC yakho, iifayile zigcinwa kwindawo ezahlukileyo kwihard drive, enokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni. Oku kuthetha ukuba iifayile zahlulwe zibe ngamacandelo kwaye zigcinwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zediski. I-Defragmentation inceda ukucwangcisa la maqhekeza kwaye iqokelele iifayile kwindawo enye, ephucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwenkqubo yakho.
Ukuchithwa kwe-hard drive Ineenzuzo ezininzi. Okokuqala, inceda ukukhawuleza ixesha lokufikelela kwiifayile kunye neenkqubo, ekubeni ngokuqokelela amaqhekeza kwindawo enye, i-hard drive inokufikelela kuzo ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuthetha ukuba ii-apps zakho ziya kuvuleka ngokukhawuleza kwaye uya kukwazi ukufikelela kumaxwebhu akho ngokufanelekileyo. I-Defragmentation ikwanceda ekunciphiseni ixesha lokuqalisa lenkqubo yokusebenza, ekubeni nayo yenziwe ngeefayile ezigcinwe kwi-hard drive.
Ukongeza, i-defragmentation idlala indima ebalulekileyo uthintelo lweempazamo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo. Xa ifayile ihlulwe, i-hard drive kufuneka ikhangele iindawo ezahlukeneyo ukuze ifumane zonke iindawo, ezinokubangela ukunyuka nokukrazula kwi-drive kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu weempazamo. Ngokucofa idiski, unciphisa amathuba efayile ukuba zonakale okanye zingafikeleleki, nto leyo enciphisa ukubakho kokungqubana okanye ukonakala kwenkqubo. Ke ngoko, ukwenza lo msebenzi rhoqo sisenzo esicetyiswayo ukugcina imeko entle kunye nokusebenza kwePC yakho.
-Uyicoca njani ihard drive kwiWindows
Ukwahlulahlula i-hard drive yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwePC yakho. Njengoko usebenzisa ikhompyuter yakho, iifayile ziyaqhekeka kwaye zigcinwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwihard drive yakho, oko kwenza ufikelelo lwefayile lucothe. Xa i-defragmentation, la maqhekeza ahlengahlengiswa kwakhona ukuze adibane kwaye afikeleleke ngokukhawuleza. Kweli nqaku, uya kufunda indlela yokwahlulahlula ihard drive yakho kwiWindows.
1. Fikelela kwisixhobo sokuqhawuka: KwiWindows, unokufikelela kwisixhobo sokwahlulwa nge Qala imenyu. Cofa i iqhosha lokuQala kwaye ukhangele u-“Defragment and Optimize Drives” kwibar yokukhangela. Khetha olu khetho kwaye ifestile yesixhobo sokwahlulwa iya kuvula.
2. Khetha idiski ukucanda: Kwifestile yesixhobo sokuqhawuka, uya kubona uluhlu lweediski eziqhagamshelwe kwiPC yakho. Khetha i-hard drive ofuna ukuyicoca kwaye ucofe iqhosha elithi "Hlaziya". Isixhobo siya kuhlalutya idiski kwaye sikubonise ingxelo ebonisa iqondo lokuqhekeka kweefayile.
3. Ukwahlula idiski: Nje ukuba uskene idiski, cofa iqhosha elithi “Defragment” ukuqalisa inkqubo yokwahlulwa. Ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye nenqanaba lokuqhekeka kwediski, le nkqubo inokuthatha ixesha elithile. Ngexesha lokuchithwa, inkqubela phambili iya kuboniswa kwaye uya kukwazi ukubona ukuba zingaphi iifayile eziye zachithwa. Emva kokuba inkqubo igqityiwe, uya kuboniswa ingxelo yokugqibela kwaye unokuvala isixhobo sokuqhawula.
-Uyenza njani i-hard drive kwi-Mac
Lungisa i-hard drive yePC yakho inokuphucula ukusebenza yeMac yakho kakhulu. i ukuqhekeka yinkqubo cwangcisa kwakhona iifayile zigcinwe kwi-hard drive yakho, ukuze zibe njalo ecaleni kwaye ayiqhekeki kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zediski. Oku ikhawulezisa ukufikelela kwiifayile kunye neenkqubo, ukwenza iMac yakho isebenze ngokufanelekileyo.
Nazi iindlela ezininzi xa kufika ixesha lokuqhatha i-hard drive yakho ye-Mac Enye inketho kukusebenzisa i Disk Utility isixhobo efakwe kwinkqubo yokusebenza. Ukwenza oku, landela la manyathelo:
- Vula ifolda "Izicelo" kwaye ukhethe "Izinto eziluncedo".
- Vula usetyenziso lwe "Disk Utility".
- Kwifestile yeDisk Utility, khetha i-hard drive ofuna ukuyicoca.
- Cofa iqhosha elithi "Uncedo Lokuqala" phezulu kwefestile.
- Khetha "Lungisa iDiski" ukuqalisa inkqubo yokwahlulwa.
Enye indlela kukusebenzisa isoftware yomntu wesithathu ezikhethekileyo ekwahluleleni iihard drives ze Mac. Ezinye zezi zixhobo zibonelela imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo kunye nenye ujongano olunobuhlobo ngaphezu kwe-Apple's Disk Utility. Unokukhangela kwi-intanethi kwaye ufumane iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo.
-Izixhobo zokuqhawula ezicetyiswayo
Kukho ezininzi izixhobo zokuqhaqha ekhoyo kwimarike enokukunceda ukuba wenze i-hard drive yakho kwaye uphucule ukusebenza kwePC yakho. Olunye lolona khetho ludumileyo yi Umnyibilikisi, Isixhobo sasimahla esiphuhliswe nguPiriform esinika ujongano olunobungane kunye neempawu eziphambili zokwaphula indlela esebenzayo. Olunye ukhetho olucetyiswayo lu I-Auslogics Disk Defrag, isofthiwe ethembekileyo edibanisa i-defragmentation enamandla kunye nokukwazi ukucwangcisa imisebenzi ukuba yenziwe ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngaphandle koko, O&O Defrag Sisixhobo sobuchwephesha esibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwahlulwa ezilungiselelwe iimfuno zakho ezithile, njengemowudi yokwahlulwa. ngexesha langempela okanye icwangcisiwe.
Ngaba izixhobo zokuqhaqha sebenzisa ii-algorithms ezikrelekrele ukucwangcisa kwakhona iifayile kwi-hard drive yakho, ukususa izithuba ezingenanto kunye namaqhekeza asasaziweyo Oku kubangela uphuculo olubonakalayo ekusebenzeni kwePC yakho, njengoko iinkqubo kunye neefayile zinokufikelelwa ngakumbi ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo. Ukongeza, ukuqhekeka rhoqo kuyanceda ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwixesha elizayo, okuthetha ukuba i-hard drive yakho iya kuqhuba ngokufanelekileyo ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngaphambi kokusebenzisa nayiphi na isixhobo sokuqhekeka, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wenze ikopi yokugcina iifayile zakho ezibalulekileyo. Nangona izixhobo zokuqhawuka zikhuselekile kwaye zithembekile, kuhlala kukho umngcipheko omncinci wokulahleka kwedatha. Kukwacetyiswa ukuba uvale zonke iinkqubo ezisebenzayo kwaye ukhubaze nayiphi na isoftware yokhuseleko phambi kokuba uqalise inkqubo yokwahlulwa. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo inokufikelela kwaye yandise zonke iifayile eziyimfuneko ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Khumbula ukuba i-defragmentation ngumsebenzi onokuthatha ixesha, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uwenze xa ungadingi ukusebenzisa i-PC yakho ngamandla.
-Kunini kwaye kangaphi kufuneka uqhathe i-hard drive yakho
Xa uyonakalisa i-hard drive yakho
Idisk defragmentation yinkqubo enceda ukugcina i-hard drive yakho ikwimeko efanelekileyo, iphucula ukusebenza kwayo kunye nesantya. Noko ke, akuyomfuneko ukuba rhoqo defragment hard drive yakho. Ukuphindaphinda okufuneka wenze ngayo le nkqubo kuxhomekeke ikakhulu kusetyenziso olunika iPC yakho. Ukuba usebenzisa ikhompyuter yakho ngamandla, njengokwenza imisebenzi efuna ugcino oluphezulu okanye ukukhuphela rhoqo kunye nokucima iifayile, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulahlekise i-hard drive yakho rhoqo. Kwelinye icala, ukuba usebenzisa iPC yakho kwimisebenzi esisiseko kunye namaxesha athile, njengokukhangela kwi-intanethi kunye nokuhlelwa kwamaxwebhu, ngoko unokuyonakalisa i-hard drive yakho ngokuthe kratya.
Kukangaphi kufuneka uqhathe i-hard drive yakho?
Akukho mthetho unzima kwaye ukhawulezayo malunga nokuba kufuneka ulahlekise kangakanani i-hard drive yakho, njengoko kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, isenzo esihle kukwenza le nkqubo ubuncinane kanye ngenyanga. Ukuba usebenzisa iPC yakho ngamandla kwaye uqaphele ukuhla kwentsebenzo, unokuyonakalisa i-hard drive yakho rhoqo, njengeeveki ezimbini okanye ngeveki. Kwelinye icala, ukuba usebenzisa iPC yakho ngamaxesha athile kwaye awuqapheli ilahleko enkulu yesantya, unokuyonakalisa i-hard drive yakho rhoqo kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Khumbula ukuba ukuqhatha i-hard drive yakho kunokutya izixhobo zenkqubo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukufumana ibhalansi phakathi kokuphucula ukusebenza kwaye kungachaphazeli kakubi ukusebenza kwePC yakho.
Iindlela ezizezinye zokucalulwa ngokwesiko
Ukongeza kwi-defragmentation yendabuko, kukho ezinye iindlela ezinokukunceda ukuba wenze ngcono ukusebenza kwe-hard drive yakho. Enye yazo kukusetyenziswa kokulungiswa okanye iinkqubo zokucoca idisk, ezisusa iifayile zesikhashana, i-cache kunye nokungadingeki iilogi ezithatha indawo kwi-hard drive yakho. Ezi nkqubo zihlala zine-defragmentation function eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, ekuvumela ukuba wenze zombini iinkqubo ngaxeshanye. Enye indlela kukusebenzisa i-slid state drives (SSD) endaweni yee-hard drives eziqhelekileyo. Ii-SSD azifuni ukuqhawuka, njengoko zingasebenzi ngendlela efanayo needrive zemveli. Ukuba unakho ukukhetha, qwalasela ukutyala imali kwi-SSD ukuze uphucule kakhulu ukusebenza kwePC yakho ngaphandle kokufuna ukumoshwa rhoqo.
-Izilumkiso ekufuneka uzithathele ingqalelo ngaphambi kokwahlulahlula i-hard drive
Amanyathelo okufuneka uwathathele ingqalelo ngaphambi kokuba ulahlekise i-hard drive
Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokuchithwa kwe-hard drive ye-PC yakho, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo athile okuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo eyimpumelelo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ingqibelelo yedatha yenza i-backup lwalo lonke ulwazi olubalulekileyo kwesinye isixhobo sokugcina. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba iifayile zakho zikhuselekile xa kukho nakuphi na ukungaphumeleli ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqhawuka.
Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba vala zonke izicelo kunye neenkqubo ezisebenzayo phambi kokuqalisa ukwahlulwa, ukunqanda nakuphi na ukuphazamiseka okanye ilahleko yedatha. Iyacetyiswa kwakhona khubaza nayiphi na i-antivirus okanye inkqubo yokukhusela i-firewall okwethutyana, njengoko ezinye zazo zinokuphazamisa inkqubo kwaye zicothise isantya sayo. Nangona kunjalo, ungalibali ukuzivula kanye the ukwahlukaniswa kugqityiwe.
Enye inkalo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe yi indawo ekhoyo kwi-hard drive. Qinisekisa ukuba kukho indawo ekhululekileyo eyaneleyo kwiyunithi ngaphambi kokuqala inkqubo yokuqhawula. Ukuba i-drive igcwele kakhulu, inkqubo isenokungagqibi ngokuchanekileyo okanye ingacotha kakhulu. Ukuthintela oku, kuyacetyiswa cima iifayile ezingeyomfuneko okanye wenze ukucoca i-hard drive ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukuqhawuka.
Khumbula ukuba ukwahlulahlula i-hard drive yakho kunokuba ngumsebenzi otya ixesha, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqhube le nkqubo xa ungadingi ukusebenzisa iPC yakho ixesha elide. Ngokugcina ezi zilumkiso engqondweni, uya kukwazi ukwenza ukuqhawuka ngempumelelo kwaye ugcine ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwehard drive yakho. Ungalibali ukwenza le nkqubo rhoqo ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwePC yakho.
-Izinto eziluncedo kunye neenzuzo zokuqhawuka kwe-hard drive
Iingenelo kunye neenzuzo zokuqhawuka kwe-hard drive zininzi. Okokuqala, ukuphambanisa i-hard drive kulungelelanisa kwakhona idatha kwi-drive, okukhokelela kwisantya esiphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ekufikeleleni kwefayile. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-defragmentation isusa emhlophe isithuba phakathi kweefayile, ivumela ngokukhawuleza nangokutyibilika ukufunda nokubhala kwidiski. Oku kuthetha ukuba imisebenzi eyayithatha ixesha elide, njengokuqala inkqubo okanye ukuvula ifayile, yenziwa ngokukhawuleza, ukugcina ixesha kunye nokuphucula imveliso.
Okwesibini, i-hard drive defragmentation nayo inegalelo ekwandiseni ubomi bokuqhuba. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iifayile ziyahlukana kwaye zisasazeke kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuqhuba, okubangela ukunyuka nokukrala kwisixhobo kunye nethuba elikhulu leempazamo. Ngokwenza i-defragmentation rhoqo, unciphisa ukunxiba kunye nokukrazula komzimba kwidiski, enceda ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka, ukonakala kwedatha, kunye nokulahleka kolwazi.
Ukongezelela, ukuchithwa kwe-hard drive kwakhona kunceda ukukhulula indawo yedisk. Njengoko iifayile ziqhekeka, i-hard drive idinga ukugcina indawo eninzi yokugcina la maqhekeza. Ngokwahlulahlula idiski, ezi zithuba zithathwe ngamaqhekeza ziyakhululwa kwaye uphinde ube nesithuba esikhoyo kwidiski. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi ukuba i-hard drive yakho inesithuba esilinganiselweyo, njengoko i-defragmenting inokukhulula iigigabytes ezininzi zesithuba. Isishwankathelo, i-hard drive defragmentation inikezela ngenani leenzuzo kunye neenzuzo, ezifana nokunyuka kwesantya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ukwandisa ubomi bokuqhuba, kunye nokukhulula indawo yediski. Ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wenze i-defragmentation rhoqo ukuze ukwandise ukusebenza kwePC yakho.
-Uyenza njani intsebenzo yePC yakho emva kokonakala kwihard drive yakho
Emva defragment hard drive yePC yakho, kubalulekile ukuthatha imilinganiselo eyongezelelweyo lungisa ukusebenza kwakho. Ukwahlulahlula i-hard drive yakho yinkqubo eluncedo yokucwangcisa iifayile ezisasazekileyo, kodwa unokuthatha amanyathelo athile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iPC yakho ibaleka ngokufanelekileyo kangangoko.
Uhlobo lwe yenza ngcono ukusebenza kukususa iifayili ezingeyomfuneko okanye eziphindwe kabini ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ziye zasala emva kokwahlulwa. Oku kuya kukhulula indawo kwi-hard drive yakho kwaye ivumele ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwiifayile ezibalulekileyo. Ukongeza, ungasebenzisa izixhobo zokucoca inkqubo Ukucima i-cache, iilog kunye ezinye iifayile okwethutyana enokuthi iqokelele ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye icothise iPC yakho.
Enye inkalo ebalulekileyo emayiqwalaselwe hlaziya abaqhubi yezinto ezahlukeneyo iPC yakho. Uhlaziyo abaqhubi banokuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo kunye nozinzo, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba ujonge rhoqo uhlaziyo. iiwebhusayithi ukusuka kubavelisi. Ngaphandle koko, khubaza iinkqubo ezingeyomfuneko eziqhuba kwi imvelaphi Inokukunceda ukukhulula izixhobo zenkqubo kunye nokubonelela ngokusebenza okungcono.
NdinguSebastián Vidal, injineli yekhompyuter ethanda itekhnoloji kunye ne-DIY. Ngaphaya koko, ndingumdali we tecnobits.com, apho ndabelana ngee-tutorials ukwenza itekhnoloji ifikeleleke kwaye iqondeke kumntu wonke.