Uyithintela njani i-router yakho ekuvuzeni indawo yakho ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho

¿Uyithintela njani i-router yakho ekuvuzeni indawo yakho ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho? Sihlala sinamathele kwiifowuni zethu, kunye ne I-GPS kunye ne-Wi-Fi zivuliwe phantse imini yonkeKwaye asifane sime sicinge malunga nokuba loluphi ulwazi olwabelwana ngalo ngasemva, okanye indlela yokulusebenzisa ngayo Iinkqubo zokuvala iitrackers kwi-AndroidOlona lwazi lubuthathaka kakhulu yindawo okuyo, hayi nje le yefowuni yakho: neyakho Umzila weWi-Fi okanye indawo yofikeleloenokuthi iphelele koovimba behlabathi ngaphandle kokuba wenze nantoni na.

Ngasemva koncedo lokuvula iiMephu zikaGoogle kunye nokuba indawo yakho ivele phantse ngoko nangoko kukho inkqubo enkulu yokuqokelelwa kwedatha. Umzila wakho unokubhaliswa kunye neenkonzo ezivela ku-Apple, uGoogle, okanye ezinye iinkampani, kwaye ngaphezu koko, yakho Umnikezeli we-Intanethi kunye nentaphane yewebhusayithi kunye neeapps Bakwazama ukufumanisa apho ukhoyo kunye nento oyenzayo kwi-intanethi. Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga ngokubanzi ukuba isebenza njani yonke le nto kwaye unokwenza ntoni ngayo. thintela umzila wakho ekuvuzeni indawo yakho ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho kunye nokunciphisa umkhondo ngokubanzi.

Isebenza njani iWi-Fi Positioning System (WPS) kwaye kutheni ichaphazela umzila wakho

Emva kwe-geolocation ekhawulezayo oyibonayo kwiiapps zemephu kukho umatshini omkhulu obizwa I-Wi-Fi Positioning System (WPS)Ayinanto yakwenza neqhosha leWPS le-router yokudibanisa izixhobo, kodwa ngogcino lwedatha olukhulu olugcinayo ulungelelwaniso oluqikelelweyo lwezigidi zeendawo zokufikelela kwi-Wi-Fi zisasazeke kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Ngalo lonke ixesha umntu one a i-smartphone eneGPS kunye neenkonzo zendawo ezinikwe amandla Ukuba isixhobo sakho sidlula kufutshane ne-router yakho, sinokuskena iinethiwekhi ezikufutshane, sithumele olu luhlu (kunye neendawo zokuchophela iindawo zofikelelo) kwi-Apple, kuGoogle, okanye kwezinye iiseva zeenkampani, kwaye ngokutshintshiselana, ngokukhawuleza ufumane isikhundla. Kuloo nkqubo, i I-BSSID kunye nendawo esondeleyo ye-router yakho Bangaphela benxulunyaniswa nogcino-lwazi lwabo, nokuba ngaba awunayo ifowuni ephathwayo okanye awuzange uzifake izicelo zabo.

Le nkqubo ivumela ifowuni ukuba isebenze ngokuzenzekelayo xa uvula i-app yemephu, ngaphandle kokulinda i-satellites ye-GPS ukunika indawo ezinzileyo, enokuthatha imizuzu emininzi. Endaweni yoko, ifowuni... thelekisa iinethiwekhi ezikufutshane zeWi-Fi Ngeso siseko sedatha enkulu, ufumana indawo ekufutshane ngoko nangoko. Emva koko ungayidibanisa kunye ne-GPS, idatha yenethiwekhi yeselula, kunye nezinye izinzwa zokucokisa iziphumo.

Kodwa akupheleli apho. Nditsho izixhobo ngaphandle GPS, ezifana laptops okanye ezinye tabletsBanokusebenzisa ulwazi olufanayo. Bafuna nje ukuthumela uluhlu olubonakalayo lothungelwano lwe-Wi-Fi kwinkonzo ye-geolocation, eya kuthi emva koko ibuyisele ulungelelwaniso oluqikelelweyo; yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukwazi Khangela ukuba ifowuni yakho ye-Android inespyware kwaye uthintele usetyenziso olukrokrelayo ekuthumeleni idatha ngaphandle kwemvume yakho. Uphando olufana nolo lweYunivesithi yaseMaryland (UMD) lubonise ukuba, kunye nezithintelo ezimbalwa, kunokwenzeka yenza iimephu zerouter ezinenkcukacha kunye nokukhupha iipatheni zokuhamba, imikhwa, okanye nokwenza imisebenzi yokulandelela abantu.

Isichongi esingundoqo esisetyenzisiweyo kuyo yonke le nto I-BSSID yendawo yokufikelelaOku ngokuqhelekileyo kuhambelana nedilesi ye-MAC yojongano lwe-Wi-Fi ye-router (okanye eyahlukileyo esondele kakhulu). Olu lwazi lugqithiswa ngokubhaliweyo okucacileyo kwiibhikhoni ze-Wi-Fi, ngoko ke nasiphi na isixhobo esikufutshane sinokuyichola ngaphandle kokuxhuma kwinethiwekhi.

Imingcipheko yokufunyanwa kwe-router yakho

Ekuqaleni, kunokubonakala ngathi indawo eqikelelweyo yerouter Ayingomcimbi obuthathaka kakhulu: emva kwayo yonke loo nto, nabani na ohamba kwisitrato sakho sele esazi ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi apho uhlala khona. Kodwa kukho iimeko apho indawo yendawo yofikelelo iba lulwazi olubuthathaka kakhulu, okanye ubuncinci iluncedo kakhulu kumaqela esithathu anomdla ohlukeneyo.

Umzekelo wokuqala ocacileyo ngu iitheminali ze-intanethi zesathelayithi, ezifana ne-StarlinkEzi zixhobo zenza inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi yendawo ukuze abasebenzisi baqhagamshele kuyo. Ukuba isixhobo sinokufumaneka sisebenzisa i-WPS, ekusebenzeni, kuyenzeka ukuba... ukulandelela indawo yomsebenzisi nokuba bakwindawo ekude, kwindawo yempixano yomkhosi, okanye umsebenzi ongxamisekileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, ukwazi eyona ndawo ikhoyo kwezi terminals kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kakhulu zokhuseleko.

Enye imeko enovakalelo yileyo ye ii-hotspots ezihambayo ezisetyenziswa kuhambo nakushishinoAbantu abaninzi babelana ngoqhagamshelo lwabo lwe-intanethi ukusuka kwi-router yobungakanani bepokotho ye-4G/5G okanye iiselfowuni zabo ezinelaptop kunye nezinye izixhobo. Le "router ehambayo" inokukukhapha ukuya iintlanganiso, iihotele, imiboniso zorhwebo kunye nohamboukuvumela umntu oqokelela idatha yeWPS ukuba acingele iipatheni zakho zokuhamba, ushukuma kangaphi nalapho uya khona.

Kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo iimotorhomes, izikhephe, iiyachts, kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zezithuthi iindawo zofikelelo zeWi-Fi ezisisigxinaUkwazi indawo yala ma-routers ekuhambeni kwexesha kunokutyhila iindlela eziqhelekileyo kuphela, kodwa kunye namaxesha achithwa kwi-port efanayo, iindawo zokupaka rhoqo, njalo njalo. Nokuba ngaphandle kokwazi ukuba ungubani na umnini, olu lwazi lunokuthi ludluliselwe kwezinye iinkcukacha.

Imeko yesithathu, ingakumbi eethe-ethe, yileyo abantu abafudukela kwenye idilesiKuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuthatha umzila wakho okanye indawo yofikelelo kwikhaya lakho elitsha. Ukuba umntu uqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi yakho, nokuba kanye, kwindlu yakho yangaphambili (ummelwane, undwendwe, iqabane langaphambili…), eso sixhobo sisenako ukubona i-BSSID efanayo kwaye, ngoncedo lweenkonzo ze-geolocation, ufumanise apho ubuye kuhlala khonaKwabaninzi, akuyi kuba yinto nje yokufuna ukwazi, kodwa kumaxhoba okuxhatshazwa, ubundlobongela ngokwesini, okanye izoyikiso, inokuba ngumngcipheko omkhulu; yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukufunda indlela. Fumana i-stalkerware kwi-Android okanye kwi-iPhone ukuba ukrokrela ukuba kukho umntu okulandelayo.

Imida yokwenyani yokulandelela iWPS

Ngaphandle kwayo yonke le nto ingentla, kufanelekile ukubeka izinto kwimeko: i Ukulandela umkhondo nge-WPS ayisiyiyo ikhawulezayo okanye eyona ndlela ichanekileyo lokucupha. Enyanisweni, inezithintelo ezininzi ezinciphisa kakhulu ingozi esebenzayo kwiimeko ezininzi zemihla ngemihla.

Ukuqala, ukufumana i-router kwi-database ye-WPS ayikhawulezi. Izifundo ze-UMD zibonise ukuba a Indawo entsha yofikelelo inokuthatha phakathi kweentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezisixhenxe. ukuvela kwiinkqubo zika-Apple okanye zikaGoogle, ngaphandle kokuba isasaza rhoqo kwindawo enye. Ukuba uthatha i-router ephathwayo kunye nawe kwindawo apho uya kuba kuphela iiyure ezimbalwa okanye iintsuku ezimbalwa, kunokwenzeka ukuba loo ntshukumo ayinakuze ibonakale kwimephu yehlabathi.

Ngaphezulu, ukuze i-router ithathwe ngokuba "ngumgqatswa" wokufakwa kwiziko ledatha, kufuneka ibe njalo Ifunyenwe zii-smartphones ezininzi ezine-geolocation esebenzayoUkuskena okukodwa, okukodwa kudla ngokungasebenzi. Kwiindawo ezigqagqeneyo, kwiindlela zesibini, okanye kwimimandla yasemaphandleni, indawo yokufikelela ngokulula ingabonwa kangangeenyanga okanye ngokungenammiselo.

Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba i-WPS isekwe kwi-BSSID, kunye ne Imigangatho ye-Wi-Fi ivumela ukwenziwa ngokungaqhelekanga kweso sichongiUkuba i-router iyayixhasa le mpawu kwaye yenziwe, i-BSSID iyatshintsha rhoqo ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezixhobo ezixhunyiwe (indawo yokufikelela ngokwayo ilawula utshintsho). Eli qhinga lenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuphinda uchonge i-router ethile ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Le ngcamango ifana naleyo ye Idilesi ye-MAC yabucala kwi-Android, iOS, kunye neWindowsOku kubangela ukuba isixhobo sakho esiphathwayo sitshintshe isazisi saso xa sijonga iinethiwekhi ze-Wi-Fi, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba bakulandele. Kwimeko yeendawo zokufikelela, i-BSSID randomisation inciphisa kakhulu amandla okwakha iindlela ezichanekileyo ngokuhamba kwexesha ngokusekelwe kweso sihlonzi.

Ke ngoko, nangona i-WPS ibeka umngcipheko, kufuneka ikhunjulwe ukuba iqhelekile ngokuthe ngqo kwaye asulungekisiweyo kancinci kunezinye iindlela Ukubeka iliso kunye nokulandela umkhondo, njengokulandela umkhondo ngenethiwekhi yeselula, ii-apps ezinemvume egqithisileyo, iikuki zomntu wesithathu, iminwe yesikhangeli, okanye idatha evela kumsebenzisi ngokwakhe.

Uyithintela njani i-router yakho ukuba ifakwe kwi-database ye-Apple kunye ne-Google

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba zombini iApple kunye noGoogle banikezela ngendlela eyaziwa kancinci kodwa esebenzayo kakhulu ungayibandakanyi indawo yofikelelo ye-Wi-Fi kwiziko ledatha lendawo yakhoAkunyanzelekanga ukuba ufowunele nabani na okanye ugcwalise ifomu: tshintsha nje igama lenethiwekhi yakho.

Iqhinga kukudibanisa isimamva _nomaphu ekupheleni kwe-SSID (igama lenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi). Ukuba inethiwekhi yakho ibizwa ngoku, umzekelo, IWiFiAtHomeKuya kufuneka uyinike igama kwakhona kwinto efana IWiFiAtHome_NoMaphuEso simamva sixelela iinkonzo zeWPS ukuba Kufuneka bangagcini okanye basebenzise indawo yakho yofikelelo ngokubala indawo zabo.

Esi sisombululo sisebenza kuzo zombini iirutha zasekhaya kunye iofisi okanye iindawo zokufikelela kumashishini amancinciLelinye lawona manyathelo alula nathe ngqo onokuwathatha ukuba unexhala lokuba indawo yomzila wakho inokuphela iyinxalenye yemephu yehlabathi elawulwa liqela lesithathu.

Ukuba awuyithandi indlela elivakala ngayo igama, ungalidibanisa namanye amagama (umzekelo, isiqhulo sangaphakathi, isibizo…), kodwa isimamva kufuneka sihlale sinjengoko sinjalo. _nomaphu ekupheleni kwe-SSID ukuba isebenze. Ukutshintsha igama akuchaphazeli ukhuseleko (isitshixo, i-encryption, njl.), kodwa kuya kufuna oko Nceda ufake igama lokugqitha kuzo zonke izixhobo.Ngoko luluvo oluhle ukwazisa abantu ekhaya okanye eofisini phambi kokuba uyenzile.

Njengomlinganiselo owongezelelweyo kulabo bahlala betshintsha idilesi yabo, inketho enomdla qesha i-router kumqhubi endaweni yokuyithengaNgale ndlela, xa ushukuma, ubuyisela isixhobo (kunye ne-BSSID ehambelana nayo kwidilesi yakho endala) kwaye ufumane entsha kwindawo yakho entsha. Ayilokhuselo olupheleleyo, kodwa iyayinciphisa umkhondo wembali odityaniswe nesixhobo.

Ukusebenzisa iirotha ezine-BSSID ezingahleliwe kunye ne-firmware ephucukileyo

Ukuba ufuna ukuthatha ubumfihlo bakho inyathelo eliya phambili, ngaphaya kwe-_nomap, ungacinga ukusebenzisa i umzila ovumela i-BSSID randomizationAbanye abavelisi kunye neeprojekthi ze-hardware ezivulelekileyo, ezifana ne-Supernetworks routers ezithile, baphumeza eli nqaku ngokungagqibekanga ngokudityaniswa ne-firmware evulekileyo.

Ii-firmwares ezizezinye ezifana I-DD-WRT Bakwabandakanya ukhetho lwe-BSSID engahleliwe, ngaphandle kokuba i-hardware ye-router iyayixhasa. Ngobu buchule, isichongi esibonwa zizixhobo ezikufutshane sitshintsha ngamaxesha athile, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ngakumbi kwiinkonzo ze-geolocation okanye amaqela esithathu ukuchonga umzila. yakha i-router "umgca wokuphila" nokufumanisa enoba ikwangulo mntu wayekwelinye ikhaya okanye kwelinye ilizwe kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidluleyo.

Esi sicwangciso sinomdla ngakumbi iindawo zokungena eziphathwayo, iirotha ezimotweni, izikhephe okanye iimotorhomesapho intshukumo ihlala ihleli. Nokuba i-WPS ine-latencies yeentsuku ezininzi, ukuthintela loo BSSID ekubeni izinzile kwenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukulandela umkhondo.

Kwimeko yee-smartphones ezisetyenziswa njenge-hotspot, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphonononge ngononophelo useto. Kwii-iPhones, umzekelo, Akukho sicwangciso sithe ngqo sokuvumela i-BSSID ukuba i-randomization kwii-hotspots zobuquNangona kunjalo, i-Apple inxulumanisa le ndlela yokuziphatha ekusebenziseni "idilesi ye-Wi-Fi yaBucala" kuthungelwano apho ifowuni ngokwayo idibanisa. Ukuba wenza eli nqaku lisebenze kwezinye iinethiwekhi (Useto → Wi-Fi → cofa inethiwekhi → uvule "Idilesi yeWi-Fi yaBucala"), ifowuni iya kuqala Yenza ngokungakhethiyo i-BSSID xa usabelana nge-Intanethi njengendawo yokufikelela.

Kwi-Android, imeko iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumvelisi kunye nenguqulelo yenkqubo. Ezinye zibandakanya useto oluthe ngqo lwe i-hotspot ene-MAC engaqhelekanga okanye i-BSSID eguqukayoKwezinye iimeko, uya kuthembela kujongano lomenzi okanye usetyenziso/i-firmware yomntu wesithathu. Kufanelekile ukujonga iimenyu ze-"Wi-Fi Hotspot / Ukwabelana nge-Intanethi" okanye ujonge amaxwebhu emodeli yakho ethile.

Iitheminali zeStarlink kunye nezisombululo ezifanayo nazo ziyaqala fumana uhlaziyo lwesoftware eyenza i-randomization ye-BSSID ngokungagqibekanga, ubuncinane ngokwento inkampani ngokwayo inxibelelane ngayo ukususela ekuqaleni kwe-2023. Yintshukumo enengqiqo kwimeko apho ezi zixhobo zingasebenza kwiindawo ezibuthathaka kakhulu.

Ukuthintela njani umphathi wakho kunye nesikhangeli ukuba siveze indawo yakho

Ngaphaya kweWPS, kukho esinye isitshixo esiphambili: i idatha eqokelelwe ngumnikezeli wakho, isikhangeli sakho, kunye neeapps oyisebenzisayo yonke imihla. Iinkonzo ezininzi "zasimahla", iinethiwekhi zokuncokola, okanye usetyenziso luphumelela ngokuthe ngqo ngokusebenzisa ulwazi olunikileyo, kuquka indawo, ukubrawuza, iishedyuli, izinto onomdla kuzo, okanye iipatheni zokusebenzisa.

Amaqonga amakhulu afana Facebook, WhatsApp, kunye nezinye iinethiwekhi ezininzi Benza inzuzo kwiprofayile yabasebenzisi. Imigaqo yenkonzo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yabucala, phantse akukho mntu ufundayo, egunyazisa ukufikelela kuyo uninzi lolwazi kwisixhobo sakhoUkusuka kwindawo kunye nabafowunelwa ukuya kuhlobo loqhagamshelwano, imodeli yefowuni, kunye nokunye; ukuba ukrokrela ukuba ubekwe esweni, kuyanceda ukwazi ukuba njani Fumana ukuba i-iPhone yakho iyajongwa na..

Kwaye akufanele siyilibale indima ye abasebenzi bonxibelelwanoBanamandla okwazi ukuba uqhagamshela mangaphi amaxesha, ingakanani idatha oyisebenzisileyo, luhlobo luni lweenkonzo ozisebenzisayo, kwaye nokuba, kuxhomekeke kwimimiselo yelizwe, yeyiphi imimandla okanye ii-IPs ozindwendwelayo?Kwezinye iindawo, ezi nkampani ziye zavunyelwa okanye zaququzelelwa ukuba zithengise le datha kubantu besithathu.

Ixabiso lolu lwazi kwimarike emnyama liphezulu kakhulu. KwiWebhu Emnyama, kuqikelelwa ukuba, kubandakanywa amaxwebhu esazisi, iinombolo zeakhawunti, ukufikelela kwii-imeyile kunye nemidiya yoluntu, "Iphakheji yedatha" yomntu omnye inokufikelela kumanani aphezulu kakhuluIdatha efana nenombolo yakho yesazisi inokuxabisa amashumi okanye amakhulu eeuro, kwaye iinkcukacha zebhanki ziphinda-phinda elo xabiso. Ukuvuza kolu hlobo lolwazi kunokubeka esichengeni imali yakho kunye nokhuseleko lwakho lomntu.

Nangona uninzi lwe-cyberattacks lunxulumene iimpazamo zabasebenzisi (ubuqhetseba, iifomu zomgunyathi, ii-imeyile ezizenza ibhanki yakho…), kubalulekile ukuba ungalibali ukuba kukho ukulandelela okuthe gqolo, okuthe cwaka; yiyo loo nto kuluncedo ukwazi malunga nezixhobo ezifana Ii-autoruns ukususa iinkqubo eziqala ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kwemvume kunye nokunciphisa indawo yokuhlaselwa. Ke ngoko, ukuba ufuna i-router yakho iyeke ukuvuza indawo yakho kwaye unciphise oko umboneleli wakho kunye neewebhusayithi ezikwaziyo ngawe, kufanelekile ukomeleza imida emininzi.

I-VPN: Isixhobo esiphambili sokufihla itrafikhi kunye nendawo

Enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokunciphisa amandla omqhubi weselula kunye neewebhusayithi ezininzi kukusebenzisa i Inkonzo yeVPN (inethiwekhi yabucala ebonakalayo)Nangona zidalwe ukuseka uthungelwano lwendawo phakathi kwezixhobo ezisasazeke ngokwezelizwe, namhlanje zisisixhobo esisisiseko kwabo bafuna ukungaziwa okukhulu kunye nenkululeko kwi-Intanethi.

Xa uqhagamshela ngaphandle kweVPN, isixhobo sakho Thetha ngokuthe ngqo kwiwebhusayithi nganye ngomboneleli wakho we-intanethiUmsebenzisi unokubona ukuba zeziphi iiseva ozixhuma kuzo (i-domains, IPs), zingakanani izixhobo zakho ezikhuphela, uchitha ixesha elingakanani kwi-intanethi, njl. umncedisi ophakathi ofihliweyo, kwaye ukusuka apho iphuma kwinethiwekhi ngenye idilesi ye-IP, ngokuqhelekileyo isuka kwelinye ilizwe okanye ummandla.

Kwiwebhusayithi oyindwendwelayo, yidilesi ye-IP yeVPN eqhagamshelayo, hayi eyakho. Kwaye kumboneleli wakho wenkonzo ye-intanethi, iinkcukacha zokhangelo lwakho zifakwe ngaphakathi... Itonela efihliweyoUya kubona ukuba uthetha neseva yeVPN kunye nokuba kungakanani itrafikhi oyisebenzisayo, kodwa hayi umxholo okanye iinkonzo ezithile onxibelelana nazo ngaphakathi.

Ayizizo zonke iiVPN ezenziwe ngokulinganayo. Izisombululo ezininzi zasimahla, ezidume kakhulu ngokudlula imida ye-geo, zi Ayikhuthazwa ukuba ujonge ubumfihlo bokwenyani.Abanye bagcina iilogi ezibanzi zomsebenzi wakho, kubandakanya idilesi yakho ye-IP, ixesha elingakanani uqhagamshelwe, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-bandwidth yakho. Le mbali ingathengiswa okanye inikezelwe ngokuphendula izicelo zomthetho.

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhethe I-VPN ehloniphekileyo ehlawulweyoIipolisi ezicacileyo "akukho logs" kunye nemigaqo yenkonzo ecacileyo ibalulekile. Ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka baqokelele kuphela idatha eyimfuneko ngokupheleleyo ukulawula iakhawunti yakho kunye nentlawulo, ukuphepha ukurekhoda idilesi yakho ye-IP, amaxesha oqhagamshelwano oluneenkcukacha, okanye enye imetadata. Ukuba banikezela nge-cryptocurrency okanye ezinye iindlela zokuhlawula ezingaziwa, inqanaba lobumfihlo liphezulu ngakumbi.

Ukuba ufuna ukuzama into elula ngaphandle kokwenza nzima izinto, izandiso zesiphequluli ezifana TunnelBear okanye efanayo Bakuvumela ukuba uvule itonela yeVPN ekhaphukhaphu ukusuka kwiChrome, Firefox, okanye kwiOpera. Ziluncedo kwiimeko ezithile (njengokuqhagamshela kwi-Wi-Fi kawonke-wonke), kodwa ukuba ufuna ukukhusela yonke i-traffic yesixokelelwano sakho, kuyakhethwa ukuba ufakele umxhasi weVPN kwinqanaba lesixhobo okanye uyiqwalasele ngokuthe ngqo kwi-router.

Ummeleli, i-DNS kunye ne-HTTPS: iileya ezongezelelweyo zobumfihlo kunye nokhuseleko

Ngaphandle kweVPN, kukho ezinye izixhobo ezinokuba luncedo nciphisa into eyaziwayo ngawe nalapho uya khonaNangona kunjalo, akukho nanye egqibelele njengelungileyo, iqwalaselwe kakuhle inethwekhi yabucala enenyani.

I iinkonzo zommeli Basebenza njengabalamli phakathi kwesixhobo sakho kunye neewebhusayithi ozindwendwelayo. Endaweni yokudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo, ucela ummeli ukuba akwenzele kwaye athumele impendulo. Oku kunokufihla idilesi yakho ye-IP yokwenyani kwiwebhusayithi yendawo, kodwa iiproxies azisoloko zifihla unxibelelwano okanye zinikeze ukhuseleko oluninzi njengeVPN. Ziluncedo kwimisebenzi ethile okanye uqwalaselo lwesikhangeli, kodwa Ayithathi indawo yetonela efihliweyo epheleleyo.

I Iiseva ze-DNS IiNkqubo zeGama leDomain (DNS) yenye into ephambili engahoywayo ngamanye amaxesha. Banoxanduva lokuguqulela amagama afana nala “tecnobits".com" kwiidilesi ze-IP zamanani. Uqhele ukusebenzisa iiseva zakho ze-DNS ze-ISP, okuthetha ukuba umboneleli angabona yonke imibuzo yakho. Ukutshintsha iiseva zakho zeDNS ziye kwezinye zikawonkewonke (OpenDNS, Cloudflare, Comodo, Google DNS, njl. njl.) kunokukunceda ukuthintela imiqobo kunye nokuhlolwakwaye wongeze ukhuseleko oluthile kuhlaselo.

Nangona kunjalo, i-DNS yesiko ayibhalwanga ngokuntsonkothileyo, ngoko ke zombini i-ISP yakho kunye neVPN ngokwayo inokuyibona loo mibuzo ukuba awusebenzisi ezinye iindlela ezifana ne-DNS ngaphezulu kwe-HTTPS (DoH) okanye izixhobo ezinje. I-DNSCryptefihla le traffic ngokukodwa. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ukutshintsha i-DNS kufuneka kubonwe njenge umaleko ohambelanayo ngeenjongo zokhuseleko, hayi njengesisombululo esiqinisekileyo sokufihla ukukhangela indawo okanye indawo.

Kwelinye icala, ukusetyenziswa kwe I-HTTPS Sele ibe ngumgangatho. Luguqulelo olufihliweyo lwe-HTTP yakudala, kwaye yongeza umaleko we-SSL/TLS okhusela ingqibelelo kunye nobumfihlo boqhagamshelwano. Xa ubona i-padlock kwibar yedilesi yesikhangeli, oko kuthetha ukuba unxibelelwano phakathi kwekhompyuter yakho kunye newebhusayithi lukhuselekile. iguqulelwe ngokuntsonkothileyo kumacala omabiniukwenza kube nzima kumntu "ukucofa" embindini ukufunda okanye ukukhohlisa oko kuthunyelwayo.

Oku akuthinteli umqhubi ukuba abone ukuba yeyiphi i-domain oxhuma kuyo (idilesi ye-IP ihlala ibonakala), kodwa iyabathintela ekufundeni umxholo wento oyitshintshiselana ngayo (iifom, iiphasiwedi, imiyalezo, njl.). Linyathelo elisisiseko: soloko uzama beka phambili iiwebhusayithi zeHTTPS kwaye ulumkele abo bacela idata ebuthathaka ngaphandle kolu khuseleko.

Iibrowser kunye neTor: ukunciphisa umkhondo oyishiya kwiwebhu

Isikhangeli yenye indlela ecacileyo yokulandelela. Ngokusebenzisa iikuki, izikripthi, ukuprintwa kweminwe yesikhangeli, kunye neemvume ezifana nokufikelela kwindawo, iiwebhusayithi zinokukha iprofayile eneenkcukacha kakhulu umsebenzi wakhoUkongeza kwinto esele siyichazile malunga nendawo: iisayithi ezininzi zicela imvume ecacileyo yokuyazi, kwaye inxalenye enkulu yabasebenzisi bayamkela ngaphandle kokufunda.

Kwiibhrawuza ezifana IMozilla Firefox Unokomeleza useto lwakho lwabucala. Ukunika amandla "Ukukhuselwa kokulandelela kwiifestile zangasese" kwaye ukhethe "Soloko usebenzisa Musa ukuKhangela" kunceda ukunciphisa umkhondo kwiiwebhusayithi ezithile kunye neenethiwekhi zentengiso, nangona ayisosisombululo esipheleleyo. Kwi-Internet Explorer (kwabo basayisebenzisayo), unokukhetha "Ungaze uvumele iiwebhusayithi ukuba zicele indawo okuyo" ngaphakathi kweseto zabucala.

En Ugoogle chromeIsetingi yendawo ifumaneka kwiiSetingi → Ekwinqanaba Eliphambili → Useto lomxholo → Indawo, apho unokukhetha khona “Ungavumeli iisayithi zilandelele indawo endikuyo.” Izikhangeli ezifana ne-Opera zibandakanya ulawulo olufanayo ukuvala i-geolocation kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, Bade babandakanye iVPN eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi enokuthi isebenze ngonqakrazo olunye ukufihla indawo yetrafikhi yakho. Ukuba ukhetha isikhangeli esigxile kubumfihlo, unga Qwalasela i-Brave ukwenzela ubumfihlo obukhulu kunye nokunciphisa inani labalandeleli abasebenzayo.

Ukuba ujonge indlela erhabaxa ngakumbi ngokuchasene nokulandela umkhondo, enye inketho kukusebenzisa Isikhangeli seTorOlu luguqulelo olulungisiweyo lweFirefox eqhagamshela kwinethiwekhi yeTor kwaye iza nezinto ezininzi ezikhubazekileyo okanye ezenziwe lukhuni. nciphisa unyawo lwedijithaliIthintela iiplagi ezinje ngeFlash, ActiveX, okanye QuickTime, ilawula iikuki ngokungqongqo, kwaye ikuvumela ukuba utshintshe ngokulula "isazisi."

NgeTor, itrafikhi yakho ihanjiswa kwiindawo ezininzi ezisasazwa kwihlabathi liphela, isenza kube nzima kakhulu ukudibanisa idilesi yakho yokwenyani ye-IP kwindawo oya kuyo. Kwakhona kukuvumela ukuba ufikelele kumasayithi kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Deep / Dark Web (.i-onion domains) engabhalwanga ngeenjini zokukhangela zendabuko. Ukuze ukhuseleko lwayo lusebenze ngokwenene, kuyacetyiswa Sebenzisa iTor kuphela xa ivuliwe kwaye ungabinazo ezinye iibrawuza ezisebenza ngokunxuseneyo ezinokuvuza idatha.

Ngaphaya kweTor, unokujonga ukusebenzisa ezinye iibrawuza ezenzelwe ubumfihlo, okanye ukomeleza iChrome/Firefox ngezandiso ezivimba abalandeleli, izikripthi zomntu wesithathu, kunye neekuki ezingathandekiyo. Nangona kunjalo, konke oku kuya kusebenza ngakumbi ukuba udibanisa kunye ... Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokubeka indawo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweVPN.

Nasiphi na isixhobo esixhunyiwe sinokulandelelwa

Kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuba ayisiyiyo ikhompyuter yakho okanye ifowuni yakho "evezwayo" kolu hlobo lokulandela umkhondo. Nasiphi na isixhobo esiqhagamshelwe kwi-Intanethi Inokuba ngumthombo wolwazi malunga nawe: iiTV ezihlakaniphile, iikhonsoli zomdlalo, izithethi ezincedisayo zelizwi, iikhamera ze-IP, ii-smartwatches, njl.

Umsebenzisi wakho, okanye nabani na onokufikelela kwidatha efanelekileyo, unokuthatha, umzekelo, Loluphi uhlobo lomxholo owubukelayo kwi-smart TV yakho?Ngawaphi amaxesha oqhele ukuba kwi-intanethi, ngawaphi amaqonga osasazo owasebenzisayo, okanye xa usiya ekhefini (ngokujonga nje iipatheni zendlela). Ukuba uhlala uqhagamshela kwinethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi yekhaya enye, loo mkhondo uya kuzinza ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Enye indlela yokunyusa ibha kukufakela i-a VPN ngqo kwi-routerNgale ndlela, zonke izixhobo eziqhagamshela kwi-intanethi ngaloo nethiwekhi ziya kudlula kwitonela efihliweyo, ngaphandle kokufuna ukuqwalasela isixhobo ngasinye. Sisisombululo esiluncedo ukuba unezixhobo ezininzi eziqhagamshelweyo kwaye awufuni kuziqwalasela nganye nganye.

Ukuba uqhagamshela rhoqo kuthungelwano lwabanye abantu (i-Wi-Fi kawonke-wonke, ii-ofisi, izindlu zabahlobo, njl. njl.), kunokuba luncedo ngakumbi ukusebenzisa VPN kwinqanaba lesixhobo okanye kwisikhangeliukuze ihambe nawe naphi na apho uqhagamshela khona. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wamaqela esithathu kuloo nethiwekhi (umnini we-router, abanye abasebenzisi, abahlaseli) ukukwazi ukuhlola i-traffic yakho ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba nokuba usebenzisa i-VPN, i-proxy, kunye nezinye izixhobo, umphathiswa wakho uya kukwazi. ukuba usebenzisa inethiwekhi kwaye ingakanani idatha oyidlayoIntsomi yokuba nge-VPN "awuyisebenzisi" idatha yakho yeselula ibubuxoki ngokupheleleyo: itrafikhi isahamba kumnikezeli wakho, ifihliwe nje kwaye ifihla iinkcukacha zeziphi iinkonzo ezithile oxhuma kuzo.

Okokugqibela, khumbula ukuba ezinye iinkonzo (amaqonga okusasaza, iisayithi zokubheja, imidlalo ye-intanethi, njl. Banokuthintela okanye banciphise ukusetyenziswa kweeVPNUkuba uhlala uqhagamshelwe kwiseva kwelinye ilizwe, unokuhlangabezana nezithintelo, ukuvalwa kwethutyana, okanye iimpazamo zokungena. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphonononge le migaqo-nkqubo kwaye ukhuphe itonela xa kuyimfuneko, okanye ukhethe iiseva ezihambelanayo.

Ukuthathela ingqalelo konke oku kungasentla, ukuba ufuna i-router yakho ingayivezi indawo yakho kwaye, kwangaxeshanye, yehlise inani elikhulu ledatha oyivelisayo ngaphandle kokuyazi ngokupheleleyo, indlela yokuphumelela kukuba. dibanisa iileya ezininzi: Yithiya ngokutsha inethiwekhi yakho nge-_nomap ukubaleka i-database ye-WPS, cinga ngokungenamkhethe kwe I-BSSID Kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwe-firmware ephezulu kwii-router ezixhasayo, ngokuxhomekeke kwi-VPN ethembekileyo (elungiselelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwinqanaba le-router xa ufuna ukugubungela zonke izixhobo), ukuqinisa izicwangciso zobumfihlo zesiphequluli sakho kunye nesixhobo esiphathwayo (ingakumbi malunga ne-geolocation), soloko ubeka phambili uxhulumaniso lwe-HTTPS kunye neeseva ze-DNS zangasese, kunye nokungena kumkhwa wokulumka kwiimvume ezikrokrelayo kunye ne-imeyile. Ngala manyathelo, ngaphandle kokuba yi-paranoid, unokuqinisekisa ukuba zombini i-router yakho kunye nonyawo lwakho lwedijithali ingabonakali kakhulu kwaye iyasebenziseka kumaqela esithathu.