Indlela Esebenza Ngayo Imoto Yombane

Iimoto zombane ziye zaba yenye yezona zikhethwa kakhulu kwaye zizinzileyo kwimarike ishishini leemoto langoku ngenxa yokugxila ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwerhasi engcolisayo. Ezi zithuthi zisebenza kunye nenkqubo ye-propulsion eyahlukileyo kunezithuthi eziqhelekileyo zokutsha zangaphakathi, ezivumela ukuba zinikeze amava okuqhuba ahlukeneyo kunye asebenzayo. Kweli phepha elimhlophe, siza kuphonononga ngokweenkcukacha indlela imoto yombane esebenza ngayo, ukusuka kwinkqubo yokutshaja ukuya kwimoto yayo kunye nendlela enxibelelana ngayo nomqhubi ukuhambisa ukusebenza okubalaseleyo ngelixa inciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Ukuba unomdla ngeteknoloji kwaye ufuna ukuqonda ngokunzulu ukuba ezi zithuthi zexesha elizayo zisebenza njani, qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufumane zonke iimfihlo emva kweemoto zombane.

1. Intshayelelo kwizithuthi zombane: Isebenza njani imoto yombane

Izithuthi zombane ziye zaba yinto eyandayo ethandwayo njengenye indlela yezithuthi ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. Imoto yombane ibaleka isebenzisa imotor yombane endaweni yenjini yokutsha yangaphakathi. Le moto yombane itsala amandla kwibhetri etshajwayo endaweni yokusebenzisa ipetroli okanye idizili. Ukusebenza kwemoto yombane kusekelwe ekuguquleni amandla ombane kumandla omatshini, okuvumela ukuba uhambe ngaphandle kokuvelisa ukukhutshwa kokungcola.

Omnye umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwemoto yombane kunye nesithuthi sokutsha sangaphakathi yindlela abafumana ngayo amandla okuhamba. Endaweni yokufuna amafutha efosili, imoto yombane isebenzisa iibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona. Ezi bhetri zigcina amandla ombane ayimfuneko ukunika amandla enjini. Ukutshaja kwakhona iibhetri, indawo yokuphuma yendlu okanye izitishi ezikhethekileyo zokutshaja zingasetyenziswa. Ezinye iimoto zombane zinokusebenzisa amandla e-kinetic eveliswa ngexesha lokuqhobosha kwaye aguqulwe abe ngumbane ukuze atshaje iibhetri, kwinkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-regenerative braking.

Imoto yombane yemoto yombane inoxanduva lokuguqula amandla ombane agcinwe kwibhetri abe ngamandla omatshini ukuqhubela phambili isithuthi. Ngokungafaniyo ne-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi, akukho kuqhuma okanye ukutsha kwamafutha. Endaweni yoko, injini yombane isebenzisa iimagnethi kunye nemagnethi ukudala intshukumo ejikelezayo. Le ntshukumo idluliselwa kumavili emoto ngenkqubo yokuhambisa, ivumela ukuba ihambe kakuhle. Ukongeza, iinjini zombane zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwaye zifuna ukulungiswa okuncinci kuneenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi, okukhokelela kwixabiso eliphantsi lilonke lobunini kubanini bezithuthi zombane.

2. Amacandelo abalulekileyo: Injini yombane kwiimoto zombane

Iimoto zombane zisebenzisa i-motor yombane njengomthombo wazo oyintloko wamandla. Eli candelo liyimfuneko, kuba lijongene nokuguqula amandla ombane agcinwe kwibhetri kumandla omatshini, okuvumela ukuba isithuthi sihambe.

Imoto yombane kwiimoto zombane yenziwe iindawo ezininzi umkhondo. Enye yazo yi-stator, equkethe iikhoyili zocingo lobhedu olulungiselelwe ngendlela yamakhonkco ajikeleze i-motor shaft. Ezi zikhoyili zivelisa i-magnetic field xa umbane ufika kuzo, odibana nenye icandelo elibizwa ngokuba yi-rotor.

I-rotor, inxalenye yayo, yenziwe ngamagnethi esisigxina okanye iikhoyili zocingo lobhedu. Xa i-stator ivelisa intsimi yamagnetic, i-rotor igqitywe yimigca yamandla kwaye iqala ukujikeleza. Le ntshukumo yeyona nto ekugqibeleni inika amandla imoto. Ukongeza kwezi nxalenye, i-motor yombane iquka nezinye izinto ezifana nomlawuli, olawula ubungakanani bombane okhoyo ongena kwi-motor, kunye ne-sensors, ebeka iliso kwisantya kunye nesimo se-rotor ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Isishwankathelo, i-motor yombane yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwiimoto zombane, ezinoxanduva lokuguqula amandla ombane abe ngamandla omatshini ukuqhubela phambili isithuthi. Yenziwe nge-stator, i-rotor, umlawuli kunye neenzwa, phakathi kwabanye. Ngokuqonda indlela ezisebenza ngayo, sinokuyixabisa indlela iimoto zombane ezahluke ngayo kwizithuthi zemveli eziqhutywa ziinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi.

3. Indima yeebhetri ekusebenzeni kwemoto yombane

Iibhetri zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwemoto yombane. Ezi zithuthi zithembele ngokupheleleyo kwiibhetri zazo ukugcina nokubonelela amandla ombane enjini. Umgangatho ophezulu kunye nomthamo ophezulu webhetri kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuzimela okwaneleyo.

Okokuqala, iibhetri zinika amandla afunekayo ukunika amandla kwimoto yombane yemoto. Ezi bhetri, ngokuqhelekileyo i-lithium-ion, zigcina umbane esetyenzisiweyo ukuhambisa isithuthi. Ingqwalasela ebalulekileyo xa ukhetha ibhetri efanelekileyo ngumthamo wayo, omisela ubungakanani bamandla obunokugcina. Okukhona umthamo webhetri mkhulu, kokukhona uluhlu olukhulu lwesithuthi.

Ukongeza, iibhetri zikwanoxanduva lokunika amandla amanye amacandelo ombane emoto, njengenkqubo yokukhanyisa, umoya womoya, kunye neenkqubo zokuzonwabisa. La malungu axhomekeke kumandla agcinwe ebhetrini ukuze asebenze kakuhle. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri inomthamo owaneleyo wokuhlangabezana neemfuno zala macandelo ongezelelweyo, ngaphandle kokuchaphazela kakubi uluhlu lwesithuthi.

Isishwankathelo, iibhetri zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemoto yombane, njengoko zibonelela ngamandla ayimfuneko ukunika amandla injini kunye nezinye izinto zombane. Ukukhetha ibhetri ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye nomthamo owaneleyo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwesithuthi kunye noluhlu olwaneleyo. Ngaphambi kokuthenga imoto yombane, kubalulekile ukuphanda kunye nokuqwalasela iinkcukacha zebhetri ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomntu ngamnye kunye nokuqinisekisa amava okuqhuba okwanelisayo.

4. Inkqubo yokutshaja: Isebenza njani imoto yombane

Inkqubo yokutshaja yenye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwemoto yombane. Ikuvumela ukuba unikeze ibhetri yesithuthi ngamandla ombane ukuze usetyenziswe kamva xa uhamba. Kule nqaku, siza kuchaza indlela imoto yombane iqhutywe ngayo kunye nokusebenza okusisiseko kwenkqubo yokutshaja.

Ukuhlawula imoto yombane, kuyimfuneko ukuba ube nesikhululo sokutshaja okanye ishaja ephathekayo. Ezi zixhobo ziqhagamshela kwisithuthi ngentambo, ethi iplage kwisokethi yokutshaja yemoto. Yakuba iqhagamshelwe, inkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla ombane iqala.

Isantya sokutshaja singohluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwetshaja esetyenzisiweyo. Iimoto zombane zihlala zineentlobo ezimbini zeetshaja: ukutshaja okucothayo kunye nokutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Iitshaja ezicothayo zihlala zikhona emakhayeni okanye kwiindawo zokusebenza, ngelixa iitshaja ezikhawulezayo zifumaneka kwizikhululo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke. Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iimoto zombane zinokuphinda zisebenzise amandla okuvuselela, oveliswa ngexesha lokunciphisa okanye ukunyathela, kwaye zigcinwe emva kwibhetri ukuze zisetyenziswe kamva.

5. Abalawuli kunye nabaguquli: I-electronics emva kwemoto yombane

I-Electronics idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kweemoto zombane, kwaye enye yezinto eziphambili ngabalawuli kunye nabaguquli. Ezi zixhobo zinoxanduva lokulawula amandla agcinwe kwiibhetri kwaye ziguqulelwe kumandla asebenzisekayo ukunika amandla i-motor motor.

Umlawuli yingqondo yenkqubo yombane yemoto, njengoko inoxanduva lokulawula isantya kunye ne-torque yemoto yombane. Ikwalawula ukutshaja kunye nokukhutshwa kweebhetri, kunye nokuhamba kwamandla kwamanye amacandelo ombane kwisithuthi. Ukwenza oku, isebenzisa abenzi boluvo kunye ne-algorithms eqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abaguquleli banomsebenzi wokuguqula umbane othe ngqo weebhetri kwi-alternating current, eyona ndlela yamandla asetyenziswa yimoto yombane. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabaguquli, ezifana nabaguquli be-DC-DC, abaphakamisa okanye behlisa i-voltage yeebhetri ngokweemfuno zenkqubo, kunye nabaguquleli be-DC-AC, abaguqula ngoku ngokuthe ngqo kwi-alternating current. Ezi zixhobo ziyimfuneko ekuqinisekiseni ukunikezelwa kwamandla rhoqo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwizithuthi zombane.

6. Ukuvuselelwa kwamandla: Indlela amandla afunyanwa ngayo kwimoto yombane

Ukuvuselelwa kwamandla yinkqubo esisiseko kwiimoto zombane, kuba ivumela amandla alahlekileyo ngexesha lokuncipha kunye nokunyanyiswa kwesithuthi ukuba sibuyiselwe kwaye sisetyenziswe. Ngale nkqubo, amandla ekinetic aguqulwa abe ngamandla ombane anokugcinwa ebhetrini aze kamva asetyenziswe ukunika amandla enjini.

Inkqubo yokuvuselela amandla iqhutyelwa ikakhulu yinkqubo yokuvuselela i-braking. Ukucofa i-pedal ye-brake, endaweni yokuvula iziqhoboshi eziqhelekileyo, kuvula indlela ebamba amandla e-kinetic wesithuthi kwaye iguqulelwe amandla ombane. La mandla athunyelwa kwibhetri, apho agcinwa khona ukuze asetyenziswe kamva.

Ukongeza kwi-braking yokuvuselela, kukho ezinye iindlela zokuvuselela amandla kwiimoto zombane. Enye yazo kukuvuselelwa kwamandla ngexesha lokunciphisa. Xa umqhubi ethatha unyawo lwakhe kwi-accelerator, i-motor yombane iba yijenereyitha, ithatha amandla e-kinetic yesithuthi kwaye iguqule amandla ombane. La mandla anokusetyenziswa ukunika amandla izixhobo ezincedisa isithuthi okanye ukutshaja ibhetri, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa amandla emoto.

7. Indima yeenkqubo zokulawula amandla kwiimoto zombane

ibalulekile ekufezekiseni umsebenzi ogqwesileyo kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle okukhulu amandla. Ezi nkqubo zijongene nokulawula kunye nokulawula umthamo wamandla agcinwe kwiibhetri, kunye nokusabalalisa kunye nokusetyenziswa ngelixa uqhuba.

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwamandla kwiimoto zombane kukulungiswa kokutshaja kwebhetri kunye nokukhupha. Ngombulelo kwii-algorithms eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezi nkqubo zinokulawula ukuhamba kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo, iqinisekisa ukutshaja okukhawulezayo nokukhuselekileyo, kunye nokukhutshwa ngokuthe ngcembe nangokuqhubekayo ukuze kwandiswe ukuzimela kwesithuthi.

Enye inkalo ebalulekileyo kulawulo lwamandla okuhlaziya. Iimoto zombane ziyakwazi ukubuyisela amandla e-kinetic awenziwe ngexesha lokunyathela kunye nokunciphisa, ukuguqulela kumbane kwaye kugcinwe kwiibhetri. Iinkqubo zolawulo lwamandla zivumela le nkqubo ukuba iphuculwe, iqinisekise ukuba amandla ahlaziyiweyo agcinwa ngokufanelekileyo. indlela esebenzayo kwaye iyasetyenziswa ngempumelelo, ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwebhetri ephambili kunye nokwandisa uluhlu lwesithuthi.

8. Indlela amandla emoto yombane ahanjiswa ngayo kumavili

Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ukusuka kwimoto yombane ukuya kumavili yinkqubo esisiseko ekusebenzeni kwezithuthi zombane. Ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ukuhanjiswa, amandla aveliswa yi-injini adluliselwa kumavili, evumela ukuba isithuthi sihambe. Eli nqaku liza kuchaza ukuba le nkqubo yenziwa njani ukuze uqonde ngcono ukuba zisebenza njani iimoto zombane ezikwizithuthi.

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhambisa amandla ukusuka kwimoto yombane ukuya kumavili, eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yinkqubo yokuhambisa ngokuthe ngqo kunye ne-shaft kunye ne-gear transmission system. Kwinkqubo yokuqhuba ngokuthe ngqo, umbane owenziwe yimoto yombane uhanjiswa ngaphandle kwesidingo sazo naziphi na izinto ezongezelelweyo, okwenza kube yindlela efanelekileyo kwaye elula. Kwelinye icala, kwi-shaft kunye ne-gear transmission system, izinto ezinjengeegiya namatyathanga zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa amandla ukusuka enjini ukuya kumavili.

Inkalo ephambili yokuhambisa amandla ukusuka kwimoto yombane ukuya kumavili kulawulo lwe-elektroniki. Ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokulawula i-elektroniki, ubungakanani bamandla adluliselwe kumavili alungiswayo, okuvumela ukuba isantya kunye ne-torque yesithuthi silawulwe. Ukongeza, izinzwa ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziselwa ukujonga isantya sevili kunye nokulawula ukutyibilika, ukukhulisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lwenkqubo yothumelo.

9. Ukhuseleko kwiinkqubo zombane zezithuthi zombane

Ibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobunzima bezi nkqubo. Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabaqhubi kunye nabakhweli, kunye nokuthintela iingozi ezinokwenzeka okanye umonakalo kwisithuthi, kuyimfuneko ukulandela uluhlu lwamanyathelo kunye nezilumkiso.

Esinye sezindululo eziphambili kukuba nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo ukuba benze naluphi na uhlobo lokulungiswa, ukugcinwa okanye ukuguqulwa kweenkqubo zombane zesithuthi. Oku kuquka ukwazi nokulandela imigangatho yokhuseleko esekwe ngabavelisi, ekubeni isithuthi ngasinye sinokuba neempawu ezithile.

Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo xa usebenza kunye neenkqubo zombane zesithuthi sombane. Ezi zixhobo zinokuthi zixhomekeke kwimisinga ephezulu, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iiglavu ezifakwe kwi-insulated, iiglasi ezikhuselayo kunye nezixhobo ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusebenza kwezi meko. Ukongezelela, kucetyiswa ukuba ugcine indawo yokusebenza icocekile kwaye icocekile ukuphepha iingozi okanye umonakalo kumacandelo.

10. Izinto ezilungileyo kunye nokungalunganga kweemoto zombane: Ichaphazela njani ukusebenza kwazo?

Iimoto zombane zinika ezininzi iingenelo kunye nokungalungi xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. Enye yezona zinto ziluncedo ziqaphelekayo kukuncitshiswa kokukhutshwa kwerhasi engcolisekileyo, nto leyo enegalelo kugcino lwegesi. okusingqongileyo. Ukongeza, iimoto zombane zihamba ngokuzolileyo kwaye zitshiphu ukuzigcina ngenxa yeendawo ezimbalwa ezihambayo. Enye inzuzo ebalulekileyo kukugcina amafutha, ekubeni iimoto zombane zisebenzisa amandla ombane ukuze zisebenze endaweni yepetroli okanye idizili.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, enye yezona zinto zingalunganga kwiimoto zombane kukuzimela kwazo okulinganiselwe. Nangona iibhetri zezithuthi zombane ziphuculwe kakhulu kwiminyaka yamuva nje, azinakuthelekiswa nomthamo weitanki zepetroli kwiimoto ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaqhubi beemoto zombane kufuneka bacwangcise ngononophelo uhambo lwabo kwaye bajonge izikhululo zokutshaja xa kunokwenzeka ukuba ibhetri iphelelwe.

Enye into embi kakhulu lixesha lokutshaja iibhetri zemoto yombane. Ngelixa ukuzalisa itanki yerhasi kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela, ukutshaja ibhetri ngokupheleleyo kunokuthatha iiyure ezininzi, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwetshaja esetyenzisiweyo. Nangona iindlela zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza zikhona, ezi zikhululo azixhaphakanga kwaye zithande ukubiza kakhulu.

11. Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yeemoto zombane kunye nendlela iteknoloji yabo eluhlaza isebenza ngayo

Iimoto zombane ziye zafumana ukuthandwa kwiminyaka yamuva ngenxa yokukwazi kwabo ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Ubuchwephesha obuluhlaza obuziqhubayo busekelwe ekusetyenzisweni kweebhetri ezinokutshajwa endaweni yamafutha efosili, nto leyo enegalelo ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwerhasi engcolisayo nokuphucula umgangatho womoya.

Okokuqala, eyona nto iphawulekayo kwiimoto zombane yinkqubo yazo yokuqhubela umbane. Endaweni ye-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi, ezi zithuthi zinikwa amandla ombane agcinwe kwiibhetri ezinokutshajwa. Le teknoloji ivumela iimoto zombane ukuba zisebenze ngaphandle kokukhupha ngokuthe ngqo, oku kuthetha ukuba azifaki igalelo kungcoliseko lomoya kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu.

Enye inkalo ebalulekileyo kukusebenza kwamandla eemoto zombane. Ngombulelo kuyilo lwazo kunye nenkqubo yokubuyisela amandla, ezi zithuthi zinokuthatha ithuba lamandla ebeya kulahleka ngesiqhelo ngexesha lokuqhokra. Ukongezelela, amandla avela kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo ahlala esetyenziselwa ukuhlaziya iibhetri zeemoto zombane, ezinciphisa ngakumbi i-carbon footprint kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo.

12. Ikamva lokuhamba kombane: Iimbono kunye nenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe

Ukuhamba kombane kufumene umhlaba kwiminyaka yamuva, kwaye ikamva layo libukeka lithembisa. Ngokukhula kwenkxalabo malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nesidingo sokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse, izithuthi zombane zibonakaliswa njengesisombululo esizinzileyo nesisebenzayo kwicandelo lezothutho. Ngale ndlela, ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso kunye nokuvela kolu shishino.

Enye yenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe ekuhambeni kombane kukuphuculwa kweebhetri. Uphando kunye nophuhliso kule ntsimi kwenze ukuba kube lula ukwandisa amandla okugcina amandla eebhetri, eziguqulela kwiimoto zombane ngokuzimela okukhulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukongeza, itekhnoloji entsha yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza iphunyeziwe, enciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokutshaja iimoto zombane. Ezi nkqubela phambili zingundoqo ekupheliseni imiqobo ekwamkelweni kwezithuthi zombane kunye nokukhuthaza ukwanda kwazo kwimarike.

Omnye umba obalulekileyo kuphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo zokuhlawulisa. Ukukhuthaza ukuhamba kombane, kubalulekile ukuba ube nenethiwekhi yeendawo zokutshaja ezifikelelekayo nezisebenzayo. Inkqubela phambili yezobuchwephesha ivumele ukufakelwa kwezikhululo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezicwangcisiweyo, ezifana neendawo zokupaka zikawonke-wonke, iindawo zokuthenga kunye nezikhululo zenkonzo, ngaloo ndlela kube lula ukutshajwa kwakhona kwezithuthi zombane naphina. Ukongeza, iinkqubo zolawulo lokutshaja ezikrelekrele ziye zaphuhliswa, ezenza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwaye kuthintele ukugcwala. kwi-intanethi zombane. Olu phuculo luyimfuneko ekuqinisekiseni ukuba lula kunye nokusebenza kokushukuma kombane kwixesha elizayo.

13. Iindleko zemoto yombane kunye nokugcinwa: Zihluke njani kwizithuthi eziqhelekileyo?

Iindleko kunye nokugcinwa kweemoto zombane zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo xa zithelekiswa nezithuthi eziqhelekileyo. Nangona iimoto zombane zinokuthi ekuqaleni zibe neendleko eziphezulu zokuthenga, kwixesha elide, zithande ukuba zingabizi kakhulu ngokweendleko zokugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.

Iimoto zombane zifuna ukulungiswa okuncinci xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi eziqhelekileyo, kuba zineenxalenye ezincinci ezihambayo kwaye azinayo amacandelo afana ne-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi, inkqubo yokukhupha kunye nezihlungi. Oku kuthetha ukuba iindleko zokutshintsha i-oyile, izihluzi zomoya kunye neeplagi ze-spark ziyancipha. Ukongeza, uninzi lwabavelisi banikezela ngeziqinisekiso ezongeziweyo zebhetri kunye nenkqubo yombane, enika umniniyo uxolo lwengqondo.

Ngokumalunga nokusetyenziswa kwamandla, iimoto zombane zinika ukusebenza kakuhle xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi eziqhelekileyo. Ndiyabulela kwinkqubo yabo yokuqhubela umbane, iimoto zombane ziyakwazi ukusebenzisa kakuhle amandla kwaye ziguqule zibe yintshukumo, ngokungafaniyo neenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi ezinomsebenzi ophantsi. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kokuvuselelwa kwamandla ngexesha lokunyathela kwakhona kunegalelo ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kombane. Nangona umbane osetyenziselwa ukuhlawulisa isithuthi uneendleko, ngokuqhelekileyo unexabiso eliphantsi xa uthelekisa nepetroli okanye idizili, ngokuxhomekeke kumaxabiso ombane kunye nexabiso lamafutha kwingingqi nganye.

Isishwankathelo, iimoto zombane zinokuba neendleko eziphezulu zokuqala, kodwa kwixesha elide, zinika inzuzo yezoqoqosho ngenxa yemfuno ephantsi yokugcinwa kunye nokusebenza kwamandla amakhulu. Ukunciphisa iindleko zokugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi kuguqulela kugcino olubalulekileyo kubomi besithuthi.. Ngokunjalo, ukukhula kokhuphiswano kwimarike yeemoto zombane kunegalelo ekwehleni kwamaxabiso okuthenga, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zifikeleleke kuluntu ngokubanzi.

14. Izigqibo: Ukujonga ukuguquka kweemoto zombane kunye nokusebenza kwazo ngokufanelekileyo

Iimoto zombane ziye zafumana uguquko olubalulekileyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kokubini kuyilo lwazo kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Njengoko iteknoloji ihambela phambili, izithuthi zombane ziye zaye zathandwa kakhulu kwaye zisebenza enye indlela yokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha e-fossil kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweegesi ezingcolisayo.

Enye yezona zinto ziphawulekayo kwinguquko yeemoto zombane kukuzimela kwazo okukhulu. Enkosi kwinkqubela phambili yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, iimoto zombane ngoku zinokuhamba imigama emide ngaphandle kokufuna ukutshajwa kwakhona. Oku kuye kwanceda ukuphelisa iinkxalabo malunga "noluhlu lwamaxhala" kunye nokwandisa ukuzithemba kwabathengi kwezi ntlobo zezithuthi.

Ukongeza kuluhlu olwandisiweyo, ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kweemoto zombane kuye kwaphuculwa ngokuphunyezwa kobuchwephesha bokubuyiswa kwamandla, njenge-braking yokuvuselela. Olu tshintsho luvumela amandla athile aveliswayo xa kuqholwa ukuba agcinwe ebhetrini, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusebenziseni amandla ngendlela eyiyo kunye nobomi bebhetri obude. Ngale nkqubo, iimoto zombane zinokwenza uninzi lwamandla enziwe ngelixa uqhuba kwaye, ngaxeshanye, ukunciphisa ukudinwa kwebhetri.

Isishwankathelo, iimoto zombane ziye zafumana inguqu ephawulekayo kuyilo lwazo kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuphuculwa kokuzimela kunye nokuphunyezwa kobuchwepheshe bokubuyisela amandla kuye kwavumela ezi zithuthi ukuba zibe yindlela ekhangayo kunye neyozinzo kubathengi. Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubeka iqhubela phambili, iimoto zombane kulindeleke ukuba ziqhubeke zivela kwaye zidlale indima ebalulekileyo ekutshintsheni ukucoceka, ukuhamba okuzinzileyo.

Ukuqukumbela, iimoto zombane zimele enye indlela entsha yezothutho eziqhelekileyo, ezibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi zombini ngokwembono yokusingqongileyo kunye nezoqoqosho. Kulo lonke eli nqaku, sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha ukuba ezi zithuthi zisebenza njani, ukusuka kwibhetri yazo ukwenza okuphezulu kwisixokelelwano sayo esiphucukileyo sokuqhuba umbane.

I-motor motor, xa inikwe amandla ombane agcinwe kwibhetri, iphelisa ngokupheleleyo ukukhutshwa kwegesi engcolileyo kwaye inciphisa kakhulu ukuxhomekeka kumafutha e-fossil. Ngokufanayo, ukukwazi ukubuyisela amandla ngexesha lokunyathela i-braking kunye nexabiso eliphantsi lokutshaja zenza iimoto zombane zibe yindlela esebenzayo kunye nezinzileyo xa kuthelekiswa neemoto zendabuko.

Okubalulekileyo, iteknoloji yemoto yombane iyaqhubeka nokuguquka ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokuphuculwa rhoqo kumthamo webhetri, uluhlu kunye neziseko zokutshaja. Njengoko inzala kwizithuthi zombane isanda, iindleko zemveliso zilindeleke ukuba zinciphe kunye nokufumaneka kwemodeli ukwandisa, igalelo kwikamva elizinzileyo kwezothutho.

Ngamafutshane, iimoto zombane zilapha ukuba zihlale, zinika enye indlela esebenzayo neyokusingqongileyo. Ukusebenza kwabo okusekwe kumbane, ukungabikho kokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kuyilo lwabo kubenza babe lolona khetho lunomdla kwabo bafuna ukuhamba zingqondweni. Njengoko ishishini liqhubela phambili ekushukumeni okuzinzileyo, iimoto zombane ziya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinguqu yezothutho zehlabathi.