Uyifakela njani Iseva yeWebhu kwi-Windows Server 2008?
Wamkelekile kweli nqaku apho siza kuphonononga Inyathelo nenyathelo inkqubo yokuhlohla umncedisi we web kwi inkqubo yokwenza IWindows Server 2008. Kwesi sifundo, siza kufunda indlela yokuqwalasela kakuhle kunye nokulungelelanisa iparamitha eziyimfuneko—umncedisi wethu wewebhu ukuba asebenze ngokugqibeleleyo.
Iseva yewebhu sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na inkampani okanye umntu ofuna ubukho kwi-Intanethi kwaye abonelele ngeenkonzo zayo kwi-Intanethi. Windows Server 2008 yi inkqubo yokusebenza Eyomelele kwaye ethembekileyo ebonelela ngesisombululo esisebenzayo sokusingatha kunye nokulawula usetyenziso lwewebhu. Nangona ukuhlohla iseva yewebhu kunokubonakala kuntsonkothile, ngokulandela la manyathelo ngononophelo, uya kukwazi ukuyiqwalasela kwaye isebenza ngexeshana.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukufakela, qiniseka ukuba uneWindows Server 2008 efakwe ngokufanelekileyo kwinkqubo yakho. Kukwacetyiswa ukuba ube noguqulelo oluhlaziyiweyo lwenkqubo yokusebenza, kunye nolwazi olulungileyo lwamacandelo kunye neenkonzo zeWindows Server 2008.
Ngoku, makhe singene kwinkqubo yokuhlohla iseva yewebhu. Landela inyathelo ngalinye ngononophelo kwaye ungatsibi naliphi na ukunqanda iingxaki ezizayo kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuseta. Masiqalise ukwakha iseva yethu yewebhu kwiWindows Server 2008!
-Iimfuno zokufaka iseva yewebhu kwiWindows Server 2008
Inkqubo yokufaka iseva yewebhu kwi-Windows Server 2008 inokubonakala inzima, kodwa ngokulandela iimfuno ezifanelekileyo, inokufezekiswa ngaphandle kokubetha. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukufakela, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zenkqubo encinci ziyafezekiswa. Ezi mfuno ziquka:
-IWindows Server 2008 ifakwe kwikhompyuter.
– Ufikelelo lomlawuli kwiseva.
-Uqhagamshelo lwe-Intanethi oluzinzileyo.
– Indawo eyaneleyo kwi ihadi drayivu yofakelo kunye nogcino lwefayile.
Nje ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba iimfuno zifezekisiwe, iseva yewebhu ifakiwe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iWindows Server 2008 iza neenketho ezahlukeneyo zokuhlohla iseva yewebhu, njenge-IIS (IiNkonzo zoLwazi lwe-Intanethi) kunye ne-Apache. Ukufakela i-IIS, landela la manyathelo alandelayo:
1. Vula uMphathi weSeva kwi-Start menu.
2. Kwifestile yoMphathi weSeva, khetha inketho ethi "Yongeza iindima".
3. Kwifestile yokukhetha indima, khetha ibhokisi yokukhangela ecaleni kwe "IIS Services".
4. Cofa "Okulandelayo" kwaye ulandele imiyalelo yofakelo lwewizadi.
Nje ukuba ufakelo lugqityiwe, iseva yewebhu inokufumaneka nge isiphequluli sewebhu ngokungenisa idilesi ye IP yomncedisi. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba udale iwebhusayithi Uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa ukuba umncedisi usebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Ukongeza, useto olongezelelweyo kunye nolungelelwaniso lunokwenziwa ngokusekwe kwiimfuno ezithile zomncedisi wewebhu. Ngala manyathelo, uya kukwazi ukuba neseva yewebhu esebenza kwiWindows Server 2008 ngempumelelo.
– Khuphela kwaye ufake isoftwe eyimfuneko ukumisela iseva yewebhu
Inyathelo lokuqala lokufaka iseva yewebhu kwiWindows Server 2008 kukukhuphela isoftware eyimfuneko. Ukuze uqalise, kufuneka ufumane iphakheji yokuhlohla yeeNkonzo zoLwazi lwe-Intanethi ye-Microsoft (IIS), iseva yewebhu engagqibekanga yeenkqubo ezisebenzayo zikaMicrosoft. Unokukhuphela esi sixhobo ngokuthe ngqo kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeMicrosoft.
Nje ukuba ukhuphele ifayile yokufakela ye-IIS, qiniseka ukuba uyiqhuba njengomlawuli. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba ube nazo zonke iimvume eziyimfuneko zokuqwalasela nokulawula umncedisi wewebhu. Landela imiyalelo ekwisikrini ukugqiba inkqubo yokuhlohla.
Ukongeza kwi-IIS, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho ezithile, unokufuna ukufaka ezinye izixhobo ezongezelelweyo kunye nesoftware. Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa usetyenziso lwewebhu esekwe kwi-PHP, kuya kufuneka ufake i-PHP, i-MySQL, kunye ne-Apache. La macandelo ongezelelweyo anokukhutshelwa ngokuzimeleyo kwiiwebhusayithi zabo ezisemthethweni. Khumbula ukuba xa ufaka nayiphi na isoftware eyongezelelweyo, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba uyahlangabezana nenkqubo kunye neemfuno zokuhambelana.
-Uqwalaselo lokuqala lweseva yewebhu kwiWindows Server 2008
Ukuqala uqwalaselo lweseva yewebhu kwi-Windows Server 2008, kubalulekile ukugcina amanyathelo athile angundoqo engqondweni. Phambi kokwenza naluphi na utshintsho kulungiselelo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqinisekise ukuba unofikelelo lomlawuli kwiseva. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko lunokwenziwa ngaphandle kwezithintelo Nje ukuba ufikelele kumlawuli, ungaqhubeka noqwalaselo lokuqala lomncedisi wewebhu.
Inyathelo elilandelayo kukufaka inkonzo yeseva yewebhu kwi-Windows Server 2008. Oku Ingenziwa ngokusebenzisa "uMlawuli weSeva". Kwi "Umphathi weServer", khetha "Yongeza iindima" ukhetho kwaye emva koko ukhethe "Iseva yewebhu (IIS)". Ukusuka apho, iwizadi yokuhlohla iya kuvula kwaye ikukhokele kwinkqubo yokufaka iseva yewebhu. Ngexesha lofakelo, ungakhetha ukuba ngawaphi amacandelo omawafakelwe, njengenkonzo yeFTP okanye inkxaso ye-ASP.NET.
Emva kokufaka inkonzo yomncedisi wewebhu, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokhuseleko. Oku kuquka chaza iimvume zofikelelo kunye noqinisekiso lwabasebenzisi abohlukeneyo kunye namaqela. Ukwenza oku, unokufikelela kuyo nge "Umphathi weServer" kwaye ukhethe "Umphathi weeNkonzo zoKhuseleko lwe-Intanethi (IIS)". Apha ungaqwalasela imithetho yogunyaziso, uqinisekiso, ufihlo lweSSL nokunye okuninzi. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngabasebenzisi abagunyazisiweyo kuphela abanokufikelela kwimithombo yomncedisi wewebhu kwaye unxibelelwano lukhuselekile.
-Ukwenza useto lweseva yewebhu ngokwezifiso
Ukwenza uqwalaselo lweseva yewebhu yinxalenye esisiseko yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo okulungiselelwe iimfuno ezithile zomncedisi. iwebhusayithi yakho kwi-Windows Server 2008. Enkosi kwiinketho zokwenza, unganyenyisa iiparameters ezichaphazela ukusebenza, ukhuseleko, kunye nokusebenza kweseva yewebhu.
Enye yeenkalo eziphambili zokwenza ngokwezifiso kukuqwalasela imida yoqhagamshelwano kunye nokulawula izicelo. Unokuseta imida ephezulu kuqhagamshelo lwangaxeshanye, ulawulo lwexesha lokuphuma kwesicelo, kwaye unciphise ubungakanani bobungakanani beefayile ezinokulayishwa. Olu lungelelwaniso lukuvumela ukuba ugcine ibhalansi phakathi kokuphendula kweseva kunye nokukhuselwa kwezixhobo.
Olunye ukhetho lokwenza ngokwezifiso kukucwangciswa kweemodyuli kunye nezandiso. Unokwenza okanye ukhubaze iimodyuli ezahlukeneyo kunye nezandiso ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zewebhusayithi yakho. Ezinye iimodyuli eziqhelekileyo ziquka imodyuli yoxinzelelo, enciphisa ubungakanani beefayile ezithunyelwe kwisiphequluli somthengi ukukhawulezisa ukulayishwa kwekhasi, kunye nemodyuli yokubhala kwakhona i-URL, ekuvumela ukuba wenze ngokwezifiso ii-URL zesayithi lakho ukuze zifundeke ngcono kunye nokuphucula injini yokukhangela.
Ukongeza kwiinketho zoqwalaselo ezikhankanyiweyo, kuyenzeka ukuba wenze ukhuseleko lomncedisi wewebhu. Unokuqwalasela imithetho yokukhusela i-firewall ukulawula ukufikelela kwi-server yewebhu, ukusebenzisa izatifikethi ze-SSL ukubonelela ngonxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo kwi-HTTPS, kwaye ulawule ukuqinisekiswa komsebenzisi ukulawula ukuba ngubani onokufikelela kwiwebhusayithi yakho idatha yakho kwaye uqinisekise ubumfihlo babasebenzisi bakho.
Isishwankathelo, ukwenza useto lweseva yewebhu ngokwezifiso kwiWindows Server 2008 kubalulekile ukulungelelanisa iseva kwiimfuno ezithile zewebhusayithi yakho. Ngeenketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso ezifana nokumisela imida yoxhulumaniso, iimodyuli zokulawula kunye nezandiso, kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko, unokuphucula ukusebenza, ukusebenza, kunye nokukhuselwa komncedisi wakho wewebhu. Jonga zonke iinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso ezikhoyo kwaye ulungelelanise iseva yakho yewebhu ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezilungileyo.
-Ukhuseleko kunye nolungiselelo lofikelelo olukude kwiseva yewebhu
Kule post, siza kubona indlela yokuqwalasela ukhuseleko kunye ukufikelela kude kwiseva yewebhu kwiWindows Server 2008. Ukhuseleko ngumba obalulekileyo wokukhusela idatha yethu kunye nokuthintela uhlaselo lwe-cyber. Kubalulekile ukuseka amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa inethiwekhi yethu kunye neeseva zethu.
1. Ubumbeko lweFirewall: Inyathelo lokuqala lokuqinisekisa imeko-bume ekhuselekileyo kukuqwalasela i-firewall ngokuchanekileyo. I-Windows Server 2008 iza ne-firewall eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi enokuthi yenziwe ngokweemfuno zethu. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-firewall inikwe amandla kwaye iqulunqe imithetho ethile ukuvumela i-traffic efunekayo kumncedisi wewebhu. Oku kuya kunceda ukukhusela umncedisi kwiinzame zokufikelela ezingagunyaziswanga kunye nohlaselo olubi.
2. Sebenzisa izatifikethi ze-SSL: Omnye umlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokuphucula ukhuseleko kwiseva yewebhu kukusebenzisa izatifikethi ze-SSL (Secure Sockets Layer). Izatifikethi ze-SSL zibonelela ngoluhlu olongezelelweyo lofihlo lwedatha, luqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi olugqithiselwe phakathi komncedisi kunye nabaxhasi lukhuselwe ekuthinteleni okunokwenzeka. Ukuqwalasela isatifikethi se-SSL kwi-Windows Server 2008 kufuna ukuhlohla iseva yesatifikethi kunye nokuvelisa isiqinisekiso esifanelekileyo se-SSL.
3. Ukufikelela okukude okukhuselekileyo: Kusenokufuneka ukuba sifikelele kwiseva yewebhu ye ukude ukuyilawula okanye ukwenza imisebenzi yokulondoloza. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba olu fikelelo olukude lukhuselekile kwaye lufumaneka kuphela kubasebenzisi abagunyazisiweyo. Enye indlela yokufezekisa oku kukusebenzisa i-VPN (i-Virtual Private Network). A VPN iyakuseka uqhagamshelo olukhuselekileyo, ukufihlwa kwetrafikhi yenethiwekhi kunye nokuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafikelele kwiseva yewebhu. ngokukhuselekileyo ukusuka kwiindawo ezikude.
Isishwankathelo, ukhuseleko kunye noqwalaselo lofikelelo olukude lubalulekile ukugcina indawo ekhuselekileyo kwiseva yethu yewebhu kwiWindows Server 2008. Ukuqwalasela iifirewall, ukusebenzisa izatifikethi ze-SSL kunye nokuseka uqhagamshelo lweVPN zezinye zemilinganiselo ephambili ekufuneka siyiphumeze. Ngokuthatha la manyathelo okhuseleko, siya kuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwedatha yethu kwaye siphephe imingcipheko yokhuseleko enokwenzeka
-Ulawulo lweewebhusayithi kunye nolawulo olubonakalayo kwiseva yewebhu
Ukulawula iiwebhusayithi kunye nolawulo lwenyani kwiseva yewebhu ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo wokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwezicelo zakho kunye nokufikelela kwimithombo ye-intanethi. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga indlela yokufaka iseva yewebhu kwiWindows Server 2008 kunye nendlela yokuqwalasela nokulawula iisayithi ezihambelanayo kunye nolawulo lwenyani.
Ufakelo lweseva yewebhu: Ukuze uqalise, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba unofako olucocekileyo lweWindows Server 2008. Wakuba ukuqinisekisile oku, ungaqhubeka nokuhlohla i-IIS (IiNkonzo zoLwazi lwe-Intanethi) iseva yewebhu. Yiya ku "Umphathi weServer" kwaye ukhethe "Yongeza iimpawu". Emva koko, khangela ibhokisi ye "Web Server (IIS)" kwaye ucofe "Okulandelayo" ukuqalisa ukufakela. Qinisekisa ukuba ukhethe amacandelo ayimfuneko kwiimfuno zakho ezithile, ezifana ne-ASP.NET, CGI, kunye neNkonzo yokuPapasha ye-FTP, phakathi kwezinye. Nje ukuba ufakelo lugqityiwe, uya kuba nokufikelela kuzo zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko zokulawula iiwebhusayithi kunye nabalawuli benyani.
Ulungelelwaniso kunye nolawulo lweewebhusayithi kunye nolawulo lwenyani: Ngoku ekubeni uneseva yewebhu efakiweyo, lixesha lokuqwalasela iiwebhusayithi zakho kunye nolawulo lwenyani. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ufikelele kwi-console yolawulo ye-IIS. Ukusuka apho, unokwenza iiwebhusayithi ezintsha kunye nolawulo lwenyani, kunye nokuhlela ezikhoyo. Unganikezela amagama athile omamkeli, amazibuko, kunye needilesi ze-IP kwindawo nganye, kunye nokuqwalasela iimvumelwano zofikelelo kunye noqinisekiso Yenza kwaye uqwalasele izatifikethi ze-SSL ukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo kwi-HTTPS. Ukongezelela, unokuseta imigaqo yokubuyisela kwakhona kwaye wenze ngokwezifiso ukubonakala kwewebhusayithi yakho ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zakho kunye nezinto ozikhethayo.
Isishwankathelo, ukulawula iiwebhusayithi kunye nolawulo lwenyani kwi-Windows Server 2008-based web server ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo wokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwezicelo zakho kunye nokuhanjiswa kwemithombo ye-intanethi. Ngofakelo oluchanekileyo lweseva yewebhu ye-IIS kunye nolungelelwaniso olwaneleyo lweendawo ezinenyani kunye nolawulo, unokuqinisekisa ukufikeleleka, ukhuseleko kunye nokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwezicelo zakho kunye nomxholo we-intanethi.
-Uqwalaselo lweenkonzo ezongezelelweyo kwiseva yewebhu
Ukuqwalasela iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo kwiseva yewebhu
Nje ukuba ufake ngempumelelo iseva yewebhu kwiWindows Server 2008, lixesha lokuba uqwalasele ezinye iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo ukwandisa ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo. Enye yezona nkonzo zibalulekileyo omele uziqwalasele yiseva yedatha. Ukuhlohla iseva yedatha iya kukuvumela ukuba ugcine ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ulungelelanise idatha yakho, okukhokelela kuphuculo olubonakalayo ekusebenzeni komncedisi wewebhu.
Elinye icandelo eliphambili lokongeza kwiseva yakho yewebhu iseva yemeyile. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba ulawule ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ulawule ii-imeyile ezithunyelwe kwaye zifunyenwe ngewebhusayithi yakho. Ukongeza, ungaqwalasela kwakhona iinkonzo zokhuseleko njenge-SSL (I-Secure Sockets Layer) ukukhusela unxibelelwano phakathi komncedisi wewebhu kunye nabasebenzisi.
Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukufakelwa kweseva ye-DNS (iNkqubo yeGama leNdawo). Umncedisi we DNS unoxanduva lokuguqulela amagama edomeyini kwi IP dilesi, nto leyo ezakuvumela umncedisi wakho wewebhu ukuba afikeleleke ngegama ledomeyini yesiko endaweni yedilesi ye IP yamanani. kulula ukulawula nokugcina iseva yakho yewebhu.
-Ukwandisa ukusebenza kweseva yewebhu kwiWindows Server 2008
Njengomlawuli weseva yewebhu kwi-Windows Server 2008, kubalulekile ukwandisa ukusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle nangokufanelekileyo. Nazi ezinye iindlela eziphambili kunye noseto onokuthi uluphumeze ukwandisa ukusebenza komncedisi wakho wewebhu:
1. Ubumbeko lwesixhobo somncedisi: Qinisekisa ukuba wabela izixhobo ezaneleyo kwiseva yewebhu, njenge-RAM, i-CPU, kunye ne-bandwidth yenethiwekhi. Uyakwazi ukunyenyisa iisetingi kuMphathi weSeva ye-Windows 2008 ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezi zixhobo. Ukongeza, cinga ukusebenzisa inqaku lolawulo lwesixhobo somncedisi ukwaba izixhobo ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zomncedisi.
2. Ulungiselelo lweseva yewebhu: Lungiselela ubumbeko lweseva yewebhu usebenzisa uMlawuli weeNkonzo ze-Intanethi (IIS). Isebenzisa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-HTTP ukunciphisa ubungakanani beefayile ezithunyelwe kwisikhangeli kwaye yenza ukuba i-caching ephumayo ikhuphe iimpendulo zeseva ye-cache kunye nokunciphisa umsebenzi. Ukongeza, yenza ucinezelo lweefayile ezimileyo neziguqukayo ukunciphisa ixesha lokulayisha iwebhusayithi.
3. Ukhuseleko kunye nokubeka iliso: Qinisekisa ukuba uphumeza amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo ukukhusela iseva yakho yewebhu. Sebenzisa Umlilo weWindows okanye isisombululo somntu wesithathu ukubeka iliso kwitrafikhi yothungelwano kunye nokuthintela naziphi na iinzame zokufikelela ezingagunyaziswanga. Ukongeza, faka isoftware yokubeka iliso kwiseva yewebhu ukulandelela ukusebenza kunye nokufumanisa nayiphi na imiba okanye imiqobo. Khumbula ukujonga rhoqo iilog zesiganeko kwaye wenze uhlaziyo lokhuseleko ukugcina iseva ikhuselekile kwaye isexesheni.
Ngokuphumeza ezi ndlela zokwandisa kunye nesetingi kwiseva yakho yewebhu kwiWindows Server 2008, uya kukwazi ukugcina ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kwaye uqinisekise amava awonelisayo omsebenzisi. Ngalo lonke ixesha khumbula ukwenza iimvavanyo kunye nokulandelela ukuvavanya kunye nokulungelelanisa izicwangciso njengoko kuyimfuneko. Zive ukhululekile ukwabelana ngobuchule bakho bokwenza iseva yewebhu kwizimvo!
NdinguSebastián Vidal, injineli yekhompyuter ethanda itekhnoloji kunye ne-DIY. Ngaphaya koko, ndingumdali we tecnobits.com, apho ndabelana ngee-tutorials ukwenza itekhnoloji ifikeleleke kwaye iqondeke kumntu wonke.