Indlela Yokuvelisa Ioksijini

Ioksijini iyikhompawundi ebalulekileyo yobomi, kwaye imveliso yayo inokuba nomdla kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa nezesayensi. Ukuqonda indlela yokuvelisa i-oksijeni, kuyimfuneko ukuhlalutya ngokucophelela iinkqubo kunye nobuchwepheshe obubandakanyekayo ekufumaneni. Ukususela ekusetyenzisweni kwemithombo yendalo ukuya kwisizukulwana esikhulu semizi-mveliso, kweli nqaku siza kuphanda kwihlabathi elinomdla lokuveliswa kweoksijini. Siza kuphonononga ezona ndlela zisebenzayo nezikhuselekileyo ezisetyenziswayo kushishino lwanamhlanje, kwakunye neengqwalasela zobuchwephesha nezokusingqongileyo ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo kule nkqubo ibalulekileyo. Lungiselela ukuntywila kwi-guts yemveliso ye-oxygen, umsebenzi osisiseko ekufuneni ikamva elizinzileyo nelinempilo.

1. Ukubaluleka kwenkqubo yokuvelisa i-oksijini

Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-oksijini ibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo kunye nemisebenzi kuluntu lwethu. Ioksijini iyimfuneko ekuphefumleni kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, kunye nokutsha kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla. Ukongeza, ibalulekile kwishishini lemichiza, iyeza, isinyithi kunye nezolimo, phakathi kwezinye iindawo. Ngoko ke, ukuqonda kunye nokwandisa le nkqubo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukubonelelwa okwaneleyo kwesi sixhobo sibalulekileyo.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuvelisa i-oksijini, phakathi kwayo i-cryogenic distillation kunye nokwahlula komoya ngama-membrane. Zombini iinkqubo zibandakanya izigaba ezifana nokunyanzeliswa komoya, ukupholisa kunye nokwahlulwa kwamacandelo ngenxa yeendawo zabo zokubilisa ezahlukeneyo okanye ukunyanzeliswa. Ezi ndlela zifuna indibaniselwano yezixhobo ezithile kunye nemathiriyeli, kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo lwezinto ezisingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko.

Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba ukuveliswa kwe-oksijeni kufuneka kuqhutywe phantsi kwemithetho engqongqo kunye nemimiselo, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe umgangatho kunye nokucoceka kwayo. Ngaphaya koko, impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yale nkqubo kufuneka iqwalaselwe, kuncitshiswe ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezingcolisa umoya kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ukufezekisa oku, iinkqubo eziphambili zokubeka iliso kunye nokulawula, kunye nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokugcinwa kweteknoloji, kusetyenziswa.

2. Imigaqo esisiseko yokuvelisa ioksijini

3. Iinkqubo zemichiza ezisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweoksijini

Ezi ziyimfuneko ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo yale gesi ibalulekileyo. Iindlela ezintathu eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kushishino ziya kuchazwa ngezantsi:

1. Iphotosynthesis: I-Photosynthesis Yinkqubo imichiza eyenzeka kwizityalo, apho amandla elanga asetyenziswa ukuguqula ikharbon diokside namanzi abe yioksijini kunye neglucose. Le nkqubo iyimfuneko ekuveliseni ioksijini kwindalo, ekubeni izityalo zezona zivelisa le gesi ngokubamba nokugcina ikharbon diokside ebudeni bokukhula kwazo.

2. I-electrolysis yamanzi: Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukuqhekeza amanzi kwiinxalenye zawo ezisisiseko, ioksijini kunye ne-hydrogen, kusetyenziswa umbane othe ngqo. I-electrolysis yamanzi iqhutyelwa kwi-electrolyzer, apho i-electrode ezimbini (enye i-positive kunye nenye i-negative) ifakwe emanzini. Xa umbane usetyenziswa, iimolekyuli zamanzi ziyaphuka kwaye amaqamza e-oksijini akhululwa kwi-electrode efanelekileyo kunye namaqamza e-hydrogen kwi-electrode engalunganga.

3. I-Cryogenic distillation: Le ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso enkulu yeoksijini. Ibandakanya ukupholisa umoya kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu ukuze kuqiniswe iigesi ezikhoyo, kwaye emva koko uzibeke phantsi kwenkqubo ye-fractional distillation. Ngethuba le nkqubo, amacandelo ahlukeneyo omoya ahlukaniswe ngokusekelwe kwiindawo zabo zokubilisa. Ioksijini, enendawo yokubila esezantsi kunezinye iigesi ezifana nenitrogen, yohlulwe ibe yimo elulwelo, ize ifudunyezwe ukuyiguqula ibuyele kwirhasi kwaye iyigcine kwiisilinda.

Ezi nkqubo zintathu zeekhemikhali zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekuveliseni i-oksijini kwinqanaba loshishino kunye nendalo. Ukusuka kwi-photosynthesis kwizityalo ukuya kwi-electrolysis yamanzi kunye ne-distillation enkulu ye-cryogenic, ezi ndlela ziqinisekisa ukunikezelwa rhoqo kwe-oksijini, into ebalulekileyo ebomini emhlabeni.

4. Iindlela zokuvelisa ioksijini kwiilabhoratri

Kwiilabhoratri, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziswa ukuvelisa ioksijini ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ngezantsi kukho iindlela ezintathu ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi:

1. I-electrolysis yamanzi: Le ndlela iquka ukwahlula amanzi kumacandelo awo asisiseko, ioksijini nehydrogen, ngokugqithisa umsinga wombane ngawo. Ukwenza le nkqubo, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezifunekayo, ezifana ne-electrolyzer, equkethe iiseli ze-electrolytic kunye ne-electrodes. Umbane wombane wahlula iimolekyuli zamanzi, ukhulula ioksijini kwi-anode kunye ne-hydrogen kwi-cathode. Ioksijini evelayo inokuqokelelwa kwaye isetyenziswe ngokweemfuno zelabhoratri.

2. Ukubola kwe-thermal yee-oxide zetsimbi: Enye indlela esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanya ukubola kweeoksidi zentsimbi ezithile ukuze kufunyanwe ioksijini. Umzekelo wale nkqubo kukubola kwe-manganese peroxide (MnO2) kumaqondo aphezulu. Ngethuba le mpendulo, i-MnO2 ibola ibe yi-manganese kunye ne-oksijini, ikhupha igesi ye-oxygen. Le ndlela ilula ngokwentelekiso kwaye ayifuni izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yindlela esebenzayo kwiilabhoratri ezinezibonelelo ezilinganiselweyo.

3. ICrystallization yesodium chlorate: ICrystallization yesodium chlorate ikwasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ioksijini kwiilabhoratri. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukusabela kweekhemikhali phakathi kwe-sodium chlorate (NaClO3) kunye ne-asidi eqinile, njenge-sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Ukusabela kuvelisa i-sodium chloride (NaCl), i-sulphur dioxide (SO2) kunye ne-oxygen (O2). Ioksijini eveliswayo inokuqokelelwa ize isetyenziswe ngokweemfuno zelabhoratri. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le nkqubo ingaba yingozi ngenxa yobukho be-acids eqinile, ngoko ke yonke imimiselo yokhuseleko emiselweyo kufuneka ilandelwe.

Ezi zezinye zeendlela zokuvelisa ioksijini ezisetyenziswa kwiilebhu. Kubalulekile ukukhetha eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo ngokusekwe kwimithombo yoncedo, uhlobo lovavanyo, kunye neemfuno ezithile zelabhoratri. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele imimiselo yokhuseleko kwaye ulandele izikhokelo ezinikezwa ziingcali kwintsimi ukwenza ezi nkqubo. ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye isebenza kakuhle.

5. Ukuveliswa kweoksijini enkulu: imboni kunye nezityalo zokuvelisa

Imveliso yeoksijini enkulu ibalulekile ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo yale gesi kumashishini ahlukeneyo. La mashishini abandakanya amayeza, isinyithi, i-welding, i-aquaculture kunye nezinye ezininzi. Ukuhlangabezana nale mfuno, kukho izityalo ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa ioksijini ezisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchwepheshe, nganye ineengenelo kunye nemingeni yayo.

Enye yezona teknoloji zixhaphakileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweoksijini enkulu yi-cryogenic distillation yomoya. Le nkqubo isekelwe kumahluko kwiindawo zokubilisa zamacandelo omoya ukwahlula i-nitrogen, i-oksijini kunye nezinye iigesi. Ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lokunyanzeliswa, ukupholisa kunye nezigaba zokwandisa, i-oksijeni ephezulu yokucoceka ifunyenwe.

Enye indlela esetyenziswayo yi-pressure swing adsorption (PSA). Kule nkqubo, umoya uyanyanzeliswa kwaye udluliselwe kwiisefu zemolekyuli ezigcina initrogen kunye nezinye iigesi, ezivumela ukuba kufunyanwe ioksijini. Utshintsho kuxinzelelo luvumela ukuvuselelwa kweesefu ukuze zisetyenziswe kwakhona kamva.

6. Ukuveliswa kweoksijini ngokusebenzisa i-electrolysis yamanzi

Yinkqubo yemichiza esetyenzisiweyo ngokubanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo kunye nezicelo. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukuqhekeza amanzi kwiinxalenye zawo ezisisiseko, i-hydrogen kunye ne-oksijini, ngokusebenzisa umbane wombane. Amanyathelo okuqhuba le nkqubo aya kuchazwa ngezantsi. indlela esebenzayo kwaye ikhuselekile.

1. Khetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo: Ukwenza i-electrolysis yamanzi, uya kufuna isikhongozeli esinganyangekiyo, njengeglasi okanye i-acrylic beaker, i-electrode ezimbini (kungcono iplatinum okanye igraphite), iingcingo ezikhokelayo, kunye nomthombo othe ngqo wangoku, onje nge ibhetri okanye i-transformer.

2. Lungiselela isisombululo se-electrolyte: Gcwalisa isitya ngamanzi adibeneyo kwaye wongeze inani elincinci le-electrolyte, njengetyuwa yetafile okanye i-baking soda. Oku kuya kunceda ukwenza amanzi aqhube ngakumbi kwaye aququzelele inkqubo ye-electrolysis.

3. Qhagamshela i-electrodes kunye nomthombo wamandla: Beka i-electrodes efakwe emanzini, uqinisekise ukuba zahluliwe kodwa zingadibananga ngokuthe ngqo. Qhagamshela iingcingo zokukhokela kwi-electrode kwaye emva koko kumthombo we-DC. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-voltage ephantsi ukuphepha umngcipheko okanye umonakalo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-electrolysis yamanzi ivelisa isixa esikhulu se-hydrogen kune-oksijini, ekubeni umlinganiselo u-2 ukuya ku-1. Ukongezelela, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okhuseleko xa kusingathwa umbane kunye neemveliso ezivela kwi-electrolysis. Ngalo lonke ixesha ulandela imiyalelo yokhuseleko enikwa ngabavelisi bezinto kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo. Khumbula ukuba le nkqubo inokuvelisa iigesi ezinokutsha, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba yenziwe kwindawo enomoya owaneleyo.

Ngala manyathelo, uya kuba ulungele ukuvelisa ioksijini ngokusebenzisa i-electrolysis yamanzi! Le ndlela inokuba luncedo kwizicelo ezifana ne-hydrogen fuel generation, kushishino lweekhemikhali okanye nakwimisebenzi yokufundisa. Ngalo lonke ixesha khumbula ukwenza uphando kwaye uziqonde ngokupheleleyo iinkqubo phambi kokuba uzisebenzise.

7. Izibonelelo kunye nokungonakali kokuveliswa kwe-oksijini ngokuhlukana komoya

Izinto eziluncedo kwimveliso yeoksijini ngokwahlula komoya:

1. Ukusebenza kakuhle: Ukuveliswa kweoksijini ngokuhlukana komoya yinkqubo esebenza kakhulu, kuba ivumela i-oksijini ecocekileyo ukuba ifunyenwe emoyeni we-atmospheric. Oku kubangela ukunikezelwa rhoqo kunye nokuthembekileyo kwe-oksijeni kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana neshishini lemichiza, iyeza okanye i-metallurgy.

2. Bajo costo: Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokufumana ioksijini, njengokuveliswa kwiikhemikhali, ukuhlukana komoya kuyindlela eyongayo. Umoya we-atmospheric ngumthombo obuninzi kunye nofikeleleko, ukunciphisa izinto eziluhlaza kunye neendleko zamandla ezifunekayo kwinkqubo.

3. Ukuguquguquka: Ioksijeni eveliswa ngokuhlukana komoya ifanelekile kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Ingasetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kwentsimbi, iinkqubo zokutsha, ukucocwa kwamanzi, unyango lwe-oksijini kwizibhedlele, phakathi kwabanye. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kwenza kube yinto ekhangayo kumashishini ahlukeneyo.

Ukungalungi kokuveliswa kweoksijini ngokuhlukana komoya:

1. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla: Ukwahlula komoya yinkqubo efuna isixa esikhulu samandla. Ukufumana i-oksijeni ecocekileyo, iindlela ezifana ne-cryogenic distillation okanye iinkqubo ze-membrane zisetyenzisiweyo, ezifuna ukunikezelwa kombane rhoqo. Oku kunokuguqulela kwiindleko eziphezulu zamandla kunye nefuthe elibalulekileyo lokusingqongileyo.

2. Iziseko ezingundoqo ezintsonkothileyo: Ukuphumeza inkqubo enkulu yokwahlula umoya kufuna iziseko ezingundoqo nezixabisa kakhulu. Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-compressors, iikholamu ze-distillation kunye neeyunithi zokucoca ziyafuneka, kunye nolawulo olufanelekileyo lwenkqubo kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo.

3. Ukhuseleko: Ukuphatha nokugcina ubuninzi be-oksijini kufuna amanyathelo okhuseleko olongezelelweyo. Ioksijini ecocekileyo iyasebenza kakhulu kwaye inokudala iingozi zomlilo okanye uqhushumbo ukuba ayiphathwanga kakuhle. Kubalulekile ukuthobela imimiselo yokhuseleko kwaye ube nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo ukuze baphephe iingozi.

8. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-zeolite kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-oxygen

I-Zeolite ziiminerali ezincinci ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ioksijini. Ezi zixhobo zinamandla okubhengeza iigesi, zibenza babe ngabaviwa abagqwesileyo bokucoca umoya kunye nokwahlula igesi. Kule post, siza kuphonononga indlela i-zeolites esetyenziswa ngayo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-oxygen kunye nezibonelelo zabo.

1. I-nitrogen adsorption ekhethiweyo: Enye yezona zinto zisetyenziswayo zeolites kwimveliso ye-oksijini kukukwazi kwabo ukukhetha i-nitrogen ekhoyo emoyeni. I-Zeolite isetyenziswa kwiisefu zemolekyuli ezivumela initrogen ukuba ibhengezwe ngelixa ioksijini idlula kuzo. Oku kuvumela ukufumana ioksijini egxile kakhulu, enokuthi ke isetyenziswe kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zonyango, ishishini okanye uphando.

2. I-nitrogen desorption: Nje ukuba ii-zeolite zifake i-nitrogen, kuyimfuneko ukuyixuba ukuze ufumane i-oxygen ecocekileyo. Oku kuphunyezwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nokunciphisa uxinzelelo okanye ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu. Ngokusebenzisa le miqathango, i-nitrogen ye-adsorbed ikhutshwa kwi-zeolites kwaye i-oksijini ecocekileyo iyaveliswa.

3. Iinzuzo ze-zeolite kwimveliso ye-oxygen: Ineenzuzo ezininzi. Okokuqala, ii-zeolite zikhetha kakhulu ekubhengezeni initrogen, evumela ukuba kufunyanwe ioksijini ecocekileyo. Ngaphaya koko, ezi zinto zizinzile kwaye zinokuphinda zihlaziywe izihlandlo ezininzi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngumthamo wazo we-adsorption. Ekugqibeleni, ii-zeolite zininzi kwaye zinexabiso eliphantsi, nto leyo eyenza ibe yinto ekhangayo kakhulu kwimveliso ye-oksijini enkulu.

Ukuqukumbela, i-zeolites idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-oksijini, ivumela i-adsorption ekhethiweyo kunye ne-desorption elandelayo ye-nitrogen ekhoyo emoyeni. Umthamo wabo we-adsorption, uzinzo kunye neendleko eziphantsi zibenza babe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lokufumana ioksijini ecocekileyo.

9. Ukuveliswa kweoksijini kwizityalo kunye ne-algae

Le yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokugcina ulungelelwano kwindawo esingqongileyo. Ngethamsanqa, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokukhuthaza ukuveliswa kweoksijini ngezi zinto ziphilayo. Ngezantsi kukho ubuchule obubalulekileyo kunye neengqwalasela zokuphumeza oku:

1. Khulisa izityalo ezityebileyo ngeoksijini: Ezinye izityalo zinamandla amakhulu okuvelisa ioksijini kunezinye. Phakathi kwezona ntlobo ziqaphelekayo ziiclams zasemanzini, idada kunye neElodea canadensis. Ezi zityalo zinokukhuliswa kwii-aquariums okanye amachibi, kwaye zihlala zikhula kakuhle kwindawo ezinokukhanya okwaneleyo kwelanga kunye nezondlo.

2. Yenza inkqubo yokulima esebenzayo: Kubalulekile ukuseka inkqubo efanelekileyo yokukhula ukwandisa imveliso ye-oxygen. Ukwenza oku, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe izitya ezicacileyo ezivumela ukudlula yokukhanya ilanga kunye nokuthintela ukuqokelelwa kwe-algae kunye neebhaktheriya. Ukongezelela, umgangatho wamanzi kufuneka uthathelwe ingqalelo, ukubonelela ngezondlo eziyimfuneko kunye nokuphepha ukuqokelela ukungcola okanye izinto ezinobuthi.

3. Ikhuthaza iphotosynthesis: Ifotosynthesis yinkqubo apho izityalo kunye ne-algae zivelisa ioksijini. Ukuvuselela le nkqubo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba izityalo zifumana umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokukhanya kwelanga. Ukuzibeka kufuphi neefestile okanye ukusebenzisa izibane ezipheleleyo kunokunceda ukwandisa i-photosynthesis kwaye ngoko ke ukuveliswa kwe-oxygen.

10. Ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-oksijini eveliswayo

Ioksijini eveliswayo, okanye igesi yeoksijini, yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezininzi zoshishino. Ukukwazi kwayo ukwenza i-oxidize kunye nokugcina ukuvutha kwenza kube sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa ezinye yezicelo kunye nokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kweoksijini kwishishini.

Ukuwelda kunye nokusika: Enye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zokusetyenziswa kweoksijini kwishishini kukuwelda kunye neenkqubo zokusika. Ngokudibanisa i-oksijini kunye ne-fuel gas, efana ne-acetylene, i-flame ene-calorific ephezulu yenziwa ekwazi ukunyibilika kunye nokudibanisa isinyithi. Ukongezelela, ioksijini ecocekileyo ingasetyenziselwa ukusika isinyithi ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-oxygas. Le nkqubo isebenzisa ijethi ye-oxygen ephezulu yoxinzelelo ukuze i-oxidize kwaye isuse izinto.

Ukucoca ugutyulo: Ioksijini ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekucocweni kwamanzi amdaka. Kwiinkqubo zonyango lwebhayoloji, i-oksijini isetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo ze-microorganisms ukudiliza ukungcola okukhoyo emanzini. Oku kufezekiswa ngokujova umoya ococekileyo okanye ioksijini kwiitanki zonyango, okukhuthaza ukukhula kunye nomsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo ezijongene nokubola kwezinto ezingcolileyo.

Ishishini leMichiza kunye namayeza: Ioksijini inezicelo ezininzi kwiikhemikhali kunye namashishini amayeza. Isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-oxidation ukuvelisa iikhompawundi zeekhemikhali ezibalulekileyo, ezifana ne-nitric acid kunye ne-hydrogen peroxide. Ukongezelela, ioksijini ibalulekile ekuvubeleni kwe-aerobic, esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso zamachiza, ezifana ne-antibiotics kunye nezitofu zokugonya.

11. Ugxininiso olutsha kwimveliso ye-oksijini ezinzileyo

Ugxininiso kwimveliso ye-oksijini ezinzileyo yimfuno ekhulayo ngenxa yokuncipha kwemithombo yendalo kunye nokunyuka kwemfuno. Ngethamsanqa, kukho iinguqulelo ezintsha kunye neendlela ezinokunceda ukulungisa le ngxaki ngokufanelekileyo nangentembeko. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ezinye izisombululo eziphambili kwimveliso ezinzileyo yeoksijini.

1. Ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo: Umba osisiseko wemveliso ezinzileyo ye-oksijini kukwamkelwa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo. Amandla elanga kunye nomoya zikhetho ezifanelekileyo, njengoko azininzi kuphela, kodwa zicocekile kwaye zingavelisi ukukhutshwa okuyingozi. Ukudibanisa iinkqubo zamandla ahlaziyekayo kwiindawo zokuvelisa i-oksijini kunokunciphisa kakhulu i-carbon footprint kunye nokuxhomekeka kumafutha e-fossil.

2. Khetha ubuchwephesha bemveliso yeoksijini ephucukileyo: Ukongeza ekusebenziseni imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, kubalulekile ukutyala imali kubugcisa obuphambili bokuvelisa ioksijini. Iinkqubo ze-electrolysis zamanzi ziyindlela ethembisayo, njengoko zisebenzisa umbane ukuphula amanzi kwi-oxygen kunye ne-hydrogen, ngaphandle kokukhupha izinto ezingcolileyo. Ezi nkqubo zisebenza kakuhle kwaye ziyakwazi ukulungelelaniswa nezikali ezahlukeneyo zemveliso.

3. Ukuphunyezwa kweendlela zokulawula ezisebenzayo: Ukuqinisekisa ukuveliswa kweoksijini ezinzileyo, kubalulekile ukunyusa iinkqubo kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma. Oku kubandakanya ukuvavanya ngononophelo ukuhamba komsebenzi kunye nokusebenza ukuchonga ukungasebenzi kakuhle kunye nokuphunyezwa kophuculo. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukwenza iinkqubo zokukhusela zokukhusela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo, okunciphisa iindleko kunye nokwandisa ubomi bezixhobo zokuvelisa i-oksijini.

Isishwankathelo, ugxininiso kwimveliso ye-oksijini ezinzileyo idinga ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, ubugcisa obuphambili bemveliso kunye neendlela zokulawula ezisebenzayo. Ngokwamkela ezi zisombululo, sinokuqinisekisa ukufumaneka kweoksijini yexesha elide ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni okusingqongileyo. Ngenxa yemingeni ekhoyo ngoku, kubalulekile ukuba amacandelo afanelekileyo kunye nabenzi bezigqibo basebenzisane ukuphumeza la manyathelo kwaye baqhubele kwikamva elizinzileyo.

12. Izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kwimveliso ye-oxygen

Baye bayiguqula indlela esifumana ngayo obu butyebi bubalulekileyo. Ngokuhambela phambili kwenzululwazi kunye nobunjineli, iindlela ezisebenzayo nezizinzileyo zokuvelisa ioksijini ziye zaphuhliswa. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ezinye zezi zinto zintsha kunye nendlela eziyichaphazela ngayo imveliso yale gesi ibalulekileyo ebomini.

Enye yezinto ezintsha eziphawulekayo kukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo ze-membrane zokwahlula umoya. Ezi nwebu zivumela ukuhlukana okukhethiweyo kwamacandelo omoya, okukhokelela ekugxininiseni okuphezulu kwe-oxygen. Ngale nkqubo, umthamo ophezulu we-oksijini ecocekileyo unokufumaneka ukuze usetyenziswe kwizicelo zonyango kunye nezoshishino. Ukongeza, ezi nwebu zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. indlela eyiyo, ekubeni azifuni kusetyenziswe imichiza okanye amafutha.

Olunye ulutsha olubalulekileyo lwezobuchwepheshe kukusetyenziswa kwe-electrolysis yamanzi. Le ndlela isebenzisa umbane ukwahlula amanzi abe yioksijini nehydrogen. Ioksijini eveliswayo ingasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo okanye igcinwe ukuze isetyenziswe kamva. I-electrolysis yamanzi iyindlela ekhangayo njengoko isebenzisa amanzi njengento ekrwada kwaye umbane unokufumaneka kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo, okwenza kube yinto ezinzileyo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ukongezelela, le nkqubo inokuqhutyelwa kwinqanaba elincinci, okwenza kube lula ukuphumeza kwiindawo ezikude okanye ezinzima ukufikelela kuzo.

13. Indlela yokuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokucoceka kwe-oksijini eveliswayo

Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokucoceka kweoksijini eveliswayo kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenziseni kwayo kwizicelo zonyango kunye nezoshishino. Ukuphumeza oku, uthotho lwezikhokelo kufuneka lulandelwe kwaye izixhobo ezithile kunye neenkqubo kufuneka zisetyenziswe. Ngezantsi ngamanyathelo ayimfuneko ukuqinisekisa umgangatho we-oxygen:

1. Ukulungelelanisa nokugcina izixhobo zemveliso: Kubalulekile ukuba nezixhobo zokuvelisa ioksijini ezilungelelanisiweyo eziphumelele iimvavanyo eziyimfuneko zomgangatho. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukwenza ukugcinwa rhoqo ukukhusela ukungaphumeleli okanye ukungcoliswa.
2. Sebenzisa izihluzi kunye nezomisi zomoya: Ngaphambi kokuba umoya ulungiswe uze uguqulwe ube yioksijini, kufuneka ucocwe kwaye womiswe ukuze kususwe ukungcola nokufuma. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokusetyenziswa kwe izihluzi zomoya kunye nezomisi ezifanelekileyo, ekufuneka zitshekishwe kwaye zitshintshwe ngamaxesha athile.
3. Yenza uvavanyo lomgangatho wexesha: Ukuvavanya rhoqo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokucoceka kwe-oksijini eveliswayo. Olu vavanyo lunokubandakanya uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali, iimvavanyo zokucoceka, kunye nemilinganiselo yoxinzelelo lwe-oxygen. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na i-anomaly efunyenweyo, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okulungisa ngokukhawuleza ukuphepha ingozi.

Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokucoceka kweoksijini eveliswayo kufuna ukujongwa ngokungqongqo kweenkqubo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo ezizodwa. Kubalulekile ukuba nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo kwaye wenze iimvavanyo eziyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukubonelela ikhuselekile kwaye ithembekile yeoksijini ukuze isetyenziswe kwizicelo zonyango nakwimizi-mveliso.

14. Ikamva lokuveliswa kwe-oksijini: imingeni kunye nemibono

Ukuveliswa kweoksijini yinkqubo ebalulekileyo kumashishini amaninzi kunye namacandelo, kodwa ikwabonisa imingeni kunye nethemba lokuphucula kwixesha elizayo. Ukujongana nale mingeni, ulwazi oluneenkcukacha lweendlela ezikhoyo zemveliso kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha obuvelayo buyimfuneko. Kule post, siza kuphonononga imingeni kunye namathemba ekamva lokuveliswa kweoksijini, kunye nezisombululo ezinokubakho ezintsha.

Omnye wemingeni ephambili kwimveliso yeoksijini kukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Okwangoku, iinkqubo ezininzi zokuvelisa i-oksijeni zifuna ubuninzi bamandla, ezinokubiza kwaye zingahlali ixesha elide. Ukujongana nalo mngeni, ubugcisa obutsha buyaphandwa kwaye buphuhliswe ukwenzela ukuba imveliso ye-oksijini isebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Ezinye zezi teknoloji ziquka ukusetyenziswa kweembrane ze-ceramic kunye neenkqubo eziphambili ze-electrolysis.

Omnye umngeni obalulekileyo kukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwezibonelelo. Ngokunyuka kwemfuno yeoksijini kumacandelo afana neyeza kunye neshishini, kubalulekile ukufumana iindlela zokuvelisa ioksijini eninzi usebenzisa izixhobo ezimbalwa. Isisombululo esinokwenzeka kukuphunyezwa kwe-carbon capture kunye nokugcinwa kweteknoloji kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa i-oksijini, eya kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse kunye nokusebenzisa izixhobo ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukuqukumbela, ukuveliswa kweoksijini yinkqubo yobugcisa obuphezulu kwaye ibalulekile kubomi kwiplanethi yethu. Kulo lonke eli nqaku, siye sahlola iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuveliswa kweoksijini, ukusuka kwi-photosynthesis yezityalo ukuya kwiijenereyitha ze-oksijini.

Kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuba, nangona indalo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni i-oksijini ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zebhayoloji, siye sabonisa ubugcisa obuhlukeneyo kunye neendlela eziye zaphuhliswa ukuveliswa kwazo kwiindawo ezilawulwayo.

Ukususela kwi-cryogenic distillation ukuya ekuhlukaneni komoya, ezi nkqubo zisanda kuphunyezwa kwishishini kunye namayeza ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa rhoqo kwe-oksijini kubemi.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yokuveliswa kweoksijini eninzi, ngakumbi xa usebenzisa iindlela ezithatha amandla amaninzi. Uzinzo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yayo nayiphi na inkqubo yokuvelisa ioksijini enkulu.

Isishwankathelo, ukuveliswa kwe-oksijeni ngumcimbi onzima ofuna ukudibanisa ulwazi lwezesayensi, iteknoloji kunye nendalo. Njengoko sisiya kwikamva sixhomekeke ngakumbi kule nto ibalulekileyo, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuphanda nokuphuhlisa iindlela zemveliso ezisebenzayo nezizinzileyo.

Ngemfuno yayo eqhubekayo kunye nokukwazi ukuguqula ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, i-oksijini iya kuqhubeka iyinto ebalulekileyo efuna ingqalelo yethu rhoqo kunye nokunyamekela.