Indlela Yokwazi Ukuba Zeziphi IiPorts Ezisetyenziswayo kwiWindows

Kwimekobume yetekhnoloji yeWindows, kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi olunzulu lwamazibuko axakekileyo kwinkqubo yethu. Amazibuko adlala indima ebalulekileyo kunxibelelwano kunye nogqithiso lwedatha kuthungelwano, kwaye ukwazi ukuba ngawaphi amazibuko axakeke ngoku kubalulekile ekugcineni indawo yenethiwekhi ephuculweyo nekhuselekileyo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo eziza kusenza sikwazi ukumisela ngokufanelekileyo zeziphi izibuko ezixakekileyo kwi-Windows. Fumana indlela yokufumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukuze ulawule kwaye usombulule iingxabano ezinokuthi zibekho kwindawo yakho inkqubo yokwenza Iifestile.

1. Ziziphi iizibuko kwaye kutheni kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba zeziphi ezixakekileyo kwiiWindows?

Amazibuko ngamanqaku oqhagamshelwano avumela unxibelelwano phakathi izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ngenethiwekhi. Kwimeko yeWindows, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi izibuko ezixakekileyo ukuze uchonge iingxaki ezinokwenzeka zokuqhagamshelwa kwaye uzisombulule ngokuchanekileyo. indlela esebenzayo.

Xa izibuko lixakekile, lithetha ukuba lisetyenziswa yinkqubo ethile eqhubayo okanye inkonzo. Oku kunokubangela ungquzulwano kwaye kwenze unxibelelwano lube nzima. nezinye izixhobo okanye uqhagamshelo kwiinkonzo ezithile ze-intanethi. Ke ngoko, ukwazi ukuba zeziphi izibuko ezixakekileyo kwiWindows kubalulekile ukusombulula iingxaki uqhagamshelo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwenkqubo.

Ngethamsanqa, kwiiWindows kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwazi ukuba zeziphi izibuko ezixakekileyo. Enye indlela kukusebenzisa uMphathi woMsebenzi, obonisa uluhlu lweenkqubo ezisebenzayo kunye namazibuko abawasebenzisayo. Ukongeza, ungasebenzisa "netstat" isixhobo somgca womyalelo ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga namazibuko asebenzayo kwinkqubo. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo olunokunceda ekuchongeni iingxaki ezinokubakho kwaye zibone ukuba zeziphi iinkqubo okanye iinkonzo ezisebenzisa amazibuko ekuthethwa ngawo.

2. Izixhobo kunye neendlela zokuchonga ukuba zeziphi izibuko ezixakekileyo kwiWindows

Ukuchonga ukuba ngawaphi amazibuko axakekileyo kwiWindows, kukho izixhobo ezininzi kunye neendlela ezinokusinceda sixilonge kwaye sisombulule ingxaki. Ezinye zazo zichazwe ngezantsi:

1. Sebenzisa i "netstat" umyalelo: Lo myalelo ikuvumela ukuba ujonge lonke uxhulumaniso olusebenzayo kunye namazibuko asetyenziswayo ngelo xesha. Ukwenza oku, sivula umyalelo womyalelo (CMD) kwaye uthayiphe "netstat -ano" kwaye ucinezele u-Enter. Oku kuya kusibonisa uluhlu lwawo onke amazibuko kunye needilesi ze IP ezinxulumene nawo. Ukongeza, sinokubona iinkqubo ezisebenzisa ezo zibuko.

2. Sebenzisa isixhobo "soMphathi woMsebenzi": Esi sixhobo, esidityaniswe kwiWindows, sivumela ukuba sibone ngokubonakalayo zonke iinkqubo ezisebenza kwisistim. Ukufikelela kuyo, sicofa ekunene kwi ibar yomsebenzi kwaye ukhethe u-"Task Manager" okanye ucinezele i-Ctrl+Shift+Esc izitshixo. Kwithebhu ethi "Iinkqubo" siya kufumana uluhlu lwazo zonke iinkqubo ezisebenzayo, kunye negama lenkqubo kunye namachweba asetyenziswayo.

3. Sebenzisa usetyenziso lomntu wesithathu: Ukongeza kwizixhobo zomthonyama zeWindows, kukwakho usetyenziso lomntu wesithathu olunokwenza kube lula ngathi ukuchonga izibuko ezixakekileyo. Ezinye zazo yi *TCPView*, *CurrPorts* kunye ne *OpenPorts*. Ezi zicelo zibonelela nge-intuitive interface ukujonga amazibuko kunye neenkqubo ezizisebenzisayo, kwaye zisinika imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo efana nokuvala imidibaniso engafunekiyo.

Ngezi zixhobo kunye neendlela, sinokubona ngokukhawuleza ukuba zeziphi izibuko ezixakekileyo kwi-Windows kwaye sithathe amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukusombulula naziphi na iingxabano okanye ukugcina inkqubo yethu ikhuselekile.

3. Uwusebenzisa njani umyalelo we-netstat ukufumana ukuba zeziphi izibuko ezixakekileyo kwi-Windows

Umyalelo i-netstat sisixhobo esiluncedo ukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi izibuko ezixakekileyo kwi Windows. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga ukuba zeziphi iinkqubo okanye iinkqubo ezisebenzisa izibuko elithile kwaye zeziphi iidilesi ze-IP ezinxulumene nazo. Ngezantsi ngamanyathelo okusebenzisa lo myalelo:

1. Qalisa i-prompt yomyalelo njengomlawuli. Oku Ingenziwa ngokucofa ekunene kwi icon ethi "Command Prompt" kwimenyu yokuqalisa kwaye ukhethe ukhetho "Baleka njengomlawuli".
2. Thayipha umyalelo netstat -a -n -o kwiwindow ekhawulezayo yomyalelo kwaye ucinezele u-Enter. Oku kuya kubonisa uluhlu lwalo lonke uqhagamshelo olusebenzayo kunye neenombolo zezibuko kunye nee-ID zenkqubo.
3. Sebenzisa iindlela -a, -n y -o ukubonisa lonke uqhagamshelo, ukuguqula iidilesi kunye neenombolo zezibuko kwifom yazo yamanani, kwaye ubonise inkqubo ye-ID ehambelana noqhagamshelwano ngalunye, ngokulandelelanayo.

Nje ukuba umyalelo uphunyeziwe, uluhlu oluneenkcukacha zalo lonke udibaniso olusebenzayo kunye namazibuko axakekileyo kwisixokelelwano aya kuboniswa. Oku kunokuba luncedo ekuchongeni imiba yongquzulwano lwezibuko, ukujonga itrafikhi yothungelwano, okanye ukukhangela izoyikiso zokhuseleko ezinokubakho. Ukongeza, ungasebenzisa izixhobo ezongezelelweyo ezifana Umlawuli womsebenzi o Umphathi weZixhobo ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga neenkqubo ezinxulunyaniswa nenkqubo ye-ID eboniswe yi-netstat.

Ngamafutshane, umyalelo i-netstat kwi-Windows ibonelela ngendlela efanelekileyo yokufumanisa ukuba zeziphi izibuko ezixakekileyo kwaye zeziphi iinkqubo ezisebenzisa ezo zibuko. Ngokulandela la manyathelo akhankanywe ngasentla, uya kukwazi ukufumana uluhlu oluneenkcukacha zoqhagamshelo olusebenzayo kwaye wenze uhlalutyo olunzulu kwisimo sothungelwano kwi. inkqubo yakho yokusebenza.

4. Ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo se-TCPView ukuchonga izibuko ezixakekileyo kwiWindows

Ukuchonga izibuko ezixakekileyo kwiWindows, isixhobo esiluncedo yiTCPView. I-TCPView sisixhobo sasimahla esiphuhliswe yi-Sysinternals ebonisa uluhlu olupheleleyo lwazo zonke ii-TCP ezisebenzayo kunye ne-UDP zodibaniso. ngexesha langempela kwi Inkqubo yeWindows. Esi sixhobo siluncedo kakhulu ekuchongeni ukuba zeziphi izicelo ezisebenzisa izibuko elithile kunye nokuxilonga iingxaki zothungelwano ezinxulumene nokuhlala kwezibuko.

Ukusebenzisa i-TCPView kulula kakhulu. Nje ukuba ikhutshelwe kwaye ifakwe, iwindow iya kuvula ebonisa uluhlu lwazo zonke iinkqubo kunye noqhagamshelo lwenethiwekhi olunxulunyaniswa nazo. Uxhulumaniso ngalunye lumelwe ngumgca kwifestile, apho unokubona inkqubo yendawo kunye nekude, izibuko zasekhaya kunye nezikude, isimo soqhagamshelwano kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-bandwidth.

Ukuba izibuko elixakekileyo lifunyenwe, kuyenzeka ukumisa inkqubo eyisebenzisayo ngokuthe ngqo kwi TCPView. Khetha ngokulula uqhagamshelo kuluhlu kwaye ucofe iqhosha elithi "Fayile" kwibha yemenyu, ilandelwe ngu "Vala uQhagamshelwano." Oku kuzakuphelisa umdibaniso kwaye kukhulule izibuko elixakekileyo. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nenkqubo ngokunqakraza ekunene kwikhonkco kwaye ukhethe "iiProperties." Oku kuya kunika iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo ezifana nendlela yefayile ephunyeziweyo kunye ne-ID yefayile.

5. Usetyenziswa njani uMphathi woMsebenzi ukujonga indawo yokuhlala kwizibuko kwiWindows

Umphathi woMsebenzi weWindows sisixhobo esiluncedo sokujonga indawo yokuhlala kwizibuko kwindlela yakho. Ukufikelela kweli nqaku, unokucofa ekunene kwibar yomsebenzi kwaye ukhethe "uMphathi woMsebenzi" kwimenyu eyehlayo. Nje ukuba uMphathi woMsebenzi evuliwe, yiya kwithebhu ethi "Inethiwekhi" ukujonga ulwazi olunxulumene nezibuko.

Kwi "Network" ithebhu yoMphathi woMsebenzi, uya kuba nakho ukubona uluhlu lweenkqubo kunye noqhagamshelo olusebenzayo kwinkqubo yakho. Amazibuko avela anesimo esithi “UKUMISELWA” okanye “UKUMAMELA” abonisa ukuba axakekile. Ukongeza, uya kukwazi ukubona idilesi ye-IP kunye ne-port yendawo kunye nekude ehambelana noqhagamshelwano ngalunye. Olu lwazi lunokuba luncedo ekuchongeni nawuphi na umsebenzi okrokrelayo okanye iingxaki zoqhagamshelwano.

Ukuba ufuna iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu malunga nenkqubo ethile, unokucofa ekunene kuyo kwaye ukhethe "Yiya kwiinkcukacha." Oku kuya kukusa kwi-"Iinkcukacha" ithebhu yoMphathi woMsebenzi, apho unokubona iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga nenkqubo, kuquka ne-ID yayo, ukusetyenziswa kovimba, kunye negama lefayile ephunyeziweyo. Olu phawu luluncedo ngakumbi ukuba ufuna ukuchonga inkqubo ethile enoxanduva lokuhlala kwizibuko.

6. Indlela yokuchonga kunye namazibuko asimahla ahlala kwiinkqubo kwiiWindows

Ukuchonga kunye namachweba asimahla ahlala kwiinkqubo kwiWindows, kuyimfuneko ukulandela uthotho lwamanyathelo. Into yokuqala ekufuneka siyenzile kukuvula iwindow yomyalelo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi "cmd", usebenzisa i Win + R isitshixo sokudibanisa kwaye uchwetheze "cmd" kwibhokisi yencoko yababini. Nje ukuba iwindow yomyalelo ivuliwe, siqhubela phambili ukwenza lo myalelo ulandelayo: netstat -ano | findstr apho linani lezibuko esifuna ukulichonga. Lo myalelo uza kusibonisa uluhlu lweenkqubo ezisebenzisa izibuko elikhankanyiweyo.

Sakuba sichonge inkqubo ebambe izibuko ekuthethwa ngalo, singaqhubeka nokulikhulula. Ukwenza oku, siya kusebenzisa iWindows Task Manager. Sivula uMphathi woMsebenzi nge-Ctrl + Shift + Esc indibaniselwano yeqhosha kwaye uye kwithebhu ethi "Iinkcukacha". Kule thebhu, sijonga inkqubo ehambelana nenombolo yesazisi esiyifumene kwinyathelo langaphambili. Nje ukuba inkqubo ibekwe, sicofa ekunene kuyo kwaye ukhethe "Ukuphela komsebenzi" ukhetho. Oku kuyakumisa inkqubo kwaye kukhulule izibuko elixakekileyo.

Ukuba indlela yangaphambili ayisebenzi okanye ukuba sikhetha ukusebenzisa isixhobo somntu wesithathu, sinokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezifana neTCPView okanye CurrPorts. Ezi zixhobo ziya kusibonisa uluhlu oluneenkcukacha lwamazibuko akhoyo kunye neenkqubo ezinxulumeneyo. Siya kukwazi ukuchonga ngokulula iinkqubo ezihlala kwizibuko ngalinye kwaye siziphelise ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ukongeza, ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngeempawu ezongezelelweyo njengokukwazi ukuhluza uluhlu ngamazibuko athile okanye ukukhangela iinkqubo ngamagama, ukwenza inkqubo yokuchonga kunye nokukhulula amazibuko axakekileyo kube lula ngakumbi.

7. Umahluko phakathi kwezibuko ze-TCP kunye nee-UDP kwii-Windows kunye nendlela yokwazi ukuba zeziphi ezixakekileyo

I-TCP kunye ne-UDP izibuko zimbini zezothutho ezisetyenziswa kwiinethiwekhi zekhompyutheni ukuthumela nokufumana idatha. Ngelixa i-TCP (iProtocol yoLawulo loThutho) iqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwedatha okuthembekileyo kunye nokucwangcisiweyo, i-UDP (iProtokholi yeDatha yeDatha yoMsebenzisi) inikezela ngokukhawuleza kodwa ngokungenakuthenjwa. Kwi-Windows, isicelo ngasinye okanye inkonzo isebenzisa amazibuko athile ukunxibelelana, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba luncedo ukwazi ukuba zeziphi izibuko ezixakekileyo kwaye yeyiphi iprotocol esetyenziswayo.

Nanga amanye amanyathelo okwazi ukuba zeziphi izibuko ezixakekileyo kwiWindows kunye nokwahlula phakathi kwe-TCP kunye ne-UDP port:

1. Vula i-Command Prompt: Ukuqalisa, vula i-Command Prompt kwikhompyuter yakho yeWindows. Unokwenza oku ngokuchwetheza "CMD" kwibhokisi yokukhangela yeWindows kwaye ukhethe u- "Command Prompt" ukhetho.

2. Qhuba umyalelo othi "netstat": Emva kokuba umyalelo womyalelo uvuliwe, sebenzisa lo myalelo ulandelayo "netstat -aon". Lo myalelo uya kudwelisa zonke izibuko ze-TCP kunye ne-UDP ezisetyenziswa ngoku kwindlela yakho.

3. Chonga izibuko ezixakekileyo kunye neprothokholi yazo: Kuluhlu oluveliswe ngumyalelo we-"netstat", khangela amazibuko aboniswe ecaleni kwedilesi ye-IP kwikholamu "Isimo" kunye ne "PID". Izibuko ze-TCP ziya kuba nesimo esithi "ESISEKWE", ngelixa i-UDP izibuko ziya kuba nesimo esithi "UKUMAMELA" okanye "UKUSEKWA". Oku kuya kukubonisa ukuba zeziphi izibuko ezixakekileyo kwaye yeyiphi iprotocol esetyenziswayo.

Khumbula ukuba ukwazi ukuba zeziphi izibuko ezixakekileyo kunokuba luncedo ekuxazululeni iingxaki zenethiwekhi, ukuchonga iingxabano ezinokubakho, okanye ukuqwalasela iifirewall kunye neerotha ngokuchanekileyo. Ngomyalelo we "netstat" kwaye ulandela la manyathelo akhankanywe ngasentla, uya kukwazi ukufumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukuze ulawule kwaye uhlukanise phakathi kwe-TCP kunye ne-UDP yezibuko kwi-Windows system yakho.

8. Usisebenzisa njani isixhobo se-nmap ukuskena amazibuko kunye nokubona ukuba kukho abantu abakhoyo kwiWindows

Isixhobo se-nmap sisixhobo esinamandla somyalelo womyalelo okuvumela ukuba uskene amazibuko kwaye ubone ukuhlala kwiinkqubo zokusebenza zeWindows. Ngoluhlu lwayo olubanzi lwemisebenzi, i-nmap ibe sisixhobo esiyimfuneko sokuhlalutya kunye nokukhusela uthungelwano. Nantsi indlela yokusebenzisa i-nmap ukuphumeza le misebenzi kwiWindows.

Inyathelo lesi-1: Khuphela kwaye ufake i-nmap kwinkqubo yakho yeWindows. Ungafumana inguqulelo yamva nje ezinzileyo yenmap kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni. Qinisekisa ukuba ukhuphela inguqulelo ehambelanayo nenkqubo yakho yokusebenza. Nje ukuba ukhutshelwe, landela amanyathelo okufaka ukugqiba ukufakela.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Vula iwindow yomyalelo. Ukusebenzisa i-nmap, kufuneka ufikelele kujongano lomgca womyalelo weWindows. Unokuvula iwindow yomyalelo ngokucofa iqhosha leWindows + R, uchwetheze "cmd" kwibhokisi yencoko yababini, kwaye ucofe u-Enter.

9. Uyilungisa njani imiba exakekileyo kwizibuko kwiWindows ukuphucula unxibelelwano

Ukulungisa imiba exakekileyo kwizibuko kwiWindows kunye nokuphucula uqhagamshelo, kukho amanyathelo amaninzi onokuthi uwalandele. Apha sikubonisa indlela yokwenza:

1. Chonga ukuba zeziphi iinkqubo okanye iinkonzo ezihlala kumazibuko: Ukwenza oku, ungasebenzisa "i-Netstat" isixhobo somgca womyalelo. Vula iwindow yomyalelo (cinezela "Windows + R" kwaye uthayiphe "cmd") kwaye usebenzise umyalelo netstat -ano. Oku kuya kubonisa uluhlu lwazo zonke izibuko ezivulekileyo kunye neenkqubo ezinxulumene nazo. Fumana amazibuko onomdla kuwo kwaye ubhale phantsi inombolo yokuchongwa kwenkqubo (PID).

2. Ukuphelisa iinkqubo eziyingxaki: Nje ukuba uchonge iinkqubo ezithatha amazibuko, ungasebenzisa uMphathi woMsebenzi ukuwaphelisa. Vula uMphathi woMsebenzi (cofa "Ctrl + Shift + Esc") kwaye uye kwithebhu ethi "Iinkcukacha". Fumana inkqubo nge-PID oyiphawule ngaphambili, cofa ekunene kuyo kwaye ukhethe u- “Phelisa uMsebenzi.” Oku kuya kukhulula izibuko elixakekileyo.

10. Ukuphepha njani ukungqubana kwezibuko kunye nokugcina inkqubo yeWindows esebenzayo

Ukunqanda ungquzulwano lwezibuko kunye nokugcina inkqubo yeWindows esebenza ngakumbi, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba isebenza njani inkqubo yokusebenza kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo. Nazi iingcebiso ezintathu eziphambili ukulungisa le ngxaki:

1. Chonga amazibuko asebenzayo: Ukunqanda ukungqubana kwezibuko, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba zeziphi izicelo okanye iinkonzo ezisebenzisa izibuko kwindlela yakho. Ungasebenzisa izixhobo ezifana noMphathi woMsebenzi okanye iSibonelelo soMsebenzi ukubona usetyenziso kunye neenkqubo ezisebenzisa amazibuko. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba uchonge iingxabano ezinokubakho kwaye uthathe amanyathelo ayimfuneko.
2. Guqula amazibuko alwayo: Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba izicelo ezimbini zizama ukusebenzisa izibuko elifanayo, ungatshintsha izibuko esetyenziswa yenye yezicelo. Umzekelo, ukuba izicelo ezimbini zizama ukusebenzisa izibuko 80, ungaqwalasela enye yezicelo zokusebenzisa izibuko 8080 endaweni yoko. Ukwenza oku, kuya kufuneka uye kwizicwangciso zesicelo kwaye ulungise inombolo yezibuko ehambelana nayo.
3. Qwalasela i-router kunye ne-firewall: Ukuba ufumana iingxabano zezibuko kwinethiwekhi yendawo, unokufuna ukuqwalasela umzila wakho kunye iifestile zefirewall. Qinisekisa ukuba i-router ithumela ngokuchanekileyo izibuko kwizixhobo ezifanelekileyo kwinethiwekhi. Kwakhona, khangela iisetingi zakho zeWindows firewall kwaye uqiniseke ukuba amazibuko ayimfuneko avuliwe kwaye avunyelwe kwizicelo ezizifunayo.

Ngokulandela la manyathelo, unokunqanda ungquzulwano lwezibuko kwaye ugcine inkqubo yeWindows esebenza ngakumbi. Ngalo lonke ixesha khumbula ukwenza utshintsho lolungelelwaniso ngononophelo kwaye wenze iikopi zogcino phambi kokuba wenze uhlengahlengiso olukhulu.

11. Iingcebiso zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwamazibuko axakekileyo kwi-Windows

Ukuba udibana nemeko yamazibuko axakekileyo kwinkqubo yakho yeWindows, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwenkqubo yakho. Apha sibonisa uluhlu lweengcebiso eziza kukunceda ukusombulula le ngxaki ngokufanelekileyo:

• Chonga iinkqubo ezisebenzisa izibuko: Sebenzisa umyalelo othi "netstat -aon" kumgca womyalelo ukuze ubone uluhlu lwamazibuko axakekileyo kunye nee-ID zenkqubo ehambelanayo. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba uchonge ukuba zeziphi iinkqubo okanye iinkonzo ezisebenzisa izibuko ekuthethwa ngazo.
• Vala iinkqubo okanye iinkonzo ezihlala kumazibuko: Nje ukuba uchonge iinkqubo ezisebenzisa amazibuko, ungawavala ngesandla kuMphathi woMsebenzi. Yiya kwi "Iinkcukacha" ithebhu kwaye ujonge isazisi senkqubo (PID) ehambelana nenkqubo okanye inkonzo. Cofa ekunene kuyo kwaye ukhethe u- "End Task" ukukhulula izibuko.
• Lungisa ubumbeko lweenkqubo okanye iinkonzo: Ukuba ukuvala iinkqubo okanye iinkonzo ayiyonketho, ungazama ukuguqula izicwangciso ukuze zisebenzise amanye amazibuko. Qhagamshelana namaxwebhu eenkqubo okanye iinkonzo ezibandakanyekayo kwimiyalelo ethile malunga nendlela yokutshintsha izicwangciso zezibuko.

Ezi ngcebiso ziya kukunceda ukusombulula ingxaki yezibuko ezixakekileyo kwiWindows ngempumelelo. Khumbula ukuba kubalulekile ukugcina ukhuseleko lwenkqubo yakho, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele iinkqubo ezisebenzisa amazibuko kwaye uthathe amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwawo okuchanekileyo.

12. Uzilungisa njani iingxaki zokuvala izibuko ngeefirewall kwiWindows

Ukusombulula iingxaki ngokuvalwa kwezibuko ngodonga lomlilo kwiWindows, kubalulekile ukulandela la manyathelo alandelayo:

1. Jonga i-firewall esebenzayo: into yokuqala ekufuneka siyenzile kukuchonga ukuba loluphi udonga oluvalela izibuko ekuthethwa ngalo. IiWindows zinefirewall ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, kodwa kusenokubakho ezinye iifirewall zomntu wesithathu ezifakwe kwinkqubo.
2. Qwalasela iWindows Firewall: Ukuba iWindows Firewall ivala izibuko, sinokuyivula ngokulandela la manyathelo:
   • Yiya kwiPhaneli yoLawulo kwaye ukhethe "Inkqubo kunye noKhuseleko".
   • Cofa kwi "Windows Firewall".
   • Ngaphantsi ko "Vumela usetyenziso okanye inqaku ngeWindows Firewall", cofa "Tshintsha useto."
   • Kuluhlu lwezicelo ezivunyelweyo, khangela isicelo esisebenzisa i-port evaliweyo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba iphawulwe njengenikwe amandla kuzo zombini iinethiwekhi zikawonke-wonke nezibucala.
3. Qwalasela ezinye iifirewall: Ukuba iWindows firewall ayinaxanduva lokuthintela, kufuneka sijonge ukuba kukho ezinye iifirewall zomntu wesithathu ezifakelweyo kwaye siziqwalasele ngokufanelekileyo. I-firewall nganye ingaba nendlela yayo yokuvula amazibuko, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqhagamshelane namaxwebhu aloo firewall okanye uqhagamshelane nomthengisi ngemiyalelo echanekileyo.

Ngamafutshane, ukulungisa ingxaki kuthintelwe ngodonga kwii-Windows kubandakanya ukuchonga i-firewall enoxanduva, ukuqwalasela i-firewall ye-Windows ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokuqwalasela ezinye ii-firewall zomntu wesithathu ezinokufakwa kwisistim. Ngokulandela la manyathelo kunye nokubonisana nezixhobo eziyimfuneko, sinokuyicombulula le ngxaki kwaye siqinisekise unxibelelwano oluchanekileyo ngokusebenzisa izibuko eziyimfuneko.

13. Ukubaluleka kokugcina abaqhubi beezibuko behlaziyiwe kwii-Windows

Ukunqanda iingxaki zokusebenza kwiizibuko ze-USB zesixhobo sakho seWindows, kubalulekile ukugcina abaqhubi behlaziyiwe. Abaqhubi bezibuko yisoftware evumela unxibelelwano phakathi kwenkqubo yokusebenza kunye nezixhobo eziqhagamshelwe ngamazibuko e-USB. Ukuba abaqhubi abakho mva, unokufumana imiba efana nokuqhawulwa ngokungaqhelekanga kwezixhobo, iimpazamo zokudlulisa idatha, okanye ukungaphumeleli ukuqaphela izixhobo ezixhunyiwe.

Nanga amanyathelo okugcina abaqhubi bezibuko behlaziyiwe kwiWindows:

• Chonga imodeli kunye nomvelisi wekhompyuter yakho: Ukufumana abaqhubi abachanekileyo, kufuneka wazi imodeli kunye nomvelisi wekhompyuter yakho. Ungalufumana olu lwazi kwileyibhile ebekwe ngasemva okanye ezantsi yekhompyutha.
• Ndwendwela iwebhusayithi yomenzi: Nje ukuba unemodeli kunye nolwazi lomenzi, ndwendwela iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomenzi wekhompyuter yakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo uya kufumana inkxaso okanye icandelo lokukhuphela apho unokukhangela abaqhubi abahlaziyiweyo.
• Khangela abaqhubi bezibuko: Ngaphakathi kwecandelo lokukhuphela, khangela abaqhubi abanxulumene namazibuko e-USB. Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana udidi oluthile lwabaqhubi beezibuko, khangela abaqhubi abanxulumene ne-chipset yekhompyutha yakho.
• Khuphela kwaye ufake abaqhubi: Xa abaqhubi befunyenwe, zikhuphele kwikhompyuter yakho kwaye ulandele imiyalelo yofako enikiweyo. Ngexesha lofakelo, unokucelwa ukuba uqalise kwakhona ikhompyuter yakho, qiniseka ukuba ugcina nawuphi na umsebenzi ngaphambi kokuba wenze njalo.

Ukugcina abaqhubi bezibuko behlaziywa kwiWindows kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zakho. Landela la manyathelo ukunqanda imiba yoqhagamshelwano kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ufumana ukusebenza kwamva nje kunye nohlaziyo lokhuseleko.

14. Amanyathelo okulungisa iimpazamo ze-port occupation kwi-Windows kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza

Ukuba ufumana imiba yokuhlala kwizibuko kwiWindows kwaye ichaphazela ukusebenza kwenkqubo yakho, ungakhathazeki. Apha sibonisa isikhokelo esineenkcukacha ezili-14 ukulungisa le ngxaki kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kwezixhobo zakho.

1. Chonga izibuko ezixakekileyo: Ukuqala, kufuneka uchonge ukuba ngawaphi amazibuko axakekileyo kwindlela yakho. Ungasebenzisa "netstat" isixhobo kumgca womyalelo ukufumana uluhlu lwazo zonke izibuko ezisebenzayo kunye neenkqubo ezinxulumene nazo.

• Vula iwindow yomyalelo (CMD).
• Chwetheza "netstat -ano" kwaye ucinezele Ngena.
• Hlalutya uluhlu lwamazibuko kunye neenkqubo ezibonisiweyo. Yenza inqaku leenombolo zezibuko kunye nezazisi zenkqubo (PIDs) ukuze zisetyenziswe kamva.

2. Ukuphelisa iinkqubo ezingafunekiyo: Ngoku unoluhlu lweenkqubo kunye neePID ezihambelana nazo, kufuneka uchonge ezo zingeyomfuneko kwaye uziphelise ukukhulula amazibuko ahlala kuwo. Ukwenza oku:

• Chwetheza "uluhlu lomsebenzi" kwifestile yomyalelo kwaye ucinezele u-Enter. Uya kufumana uluhlu lwazo zonke iinkqubo ezisebenzayo.
• Skena uluhlu kwaye ufumane iinkqubo eziyelelene namazibuko achongwe ngasentla.
• Chwetheza "i-taskkill /F /PID »kwifestile yomyalelo kwaye ucinezele Ngena. Oku kuya kuphelisa inkqubo kwaye kukhulule izibuko elixakekileyo.
• Phinda eli nyathelo kuzo zonke iinkqubo ezingafunwayo.

Ukuqukumbela, ukwazi ukuba zeziphi izibuko ezixakekileyo kwiWindows kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kuthungelwano lwethu. Kweli nqaku siye saphonononga ezinye izixhobo kunye nemiyalelo esivumela ukuba sichonge kwaye sibeke iliso kumazibuko asetyenziswayo. Ukusuka kumgca womyalelo weWindows ukuya ekusebenziseni iinkqubo zangaphandle, kucacile ukuba kukho iinketho ezininzi ezikhoyo ukwenza lo msebenzi.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukusebenza kwezibuko kunokuchaphazela kakhulu unxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo kunye neenkonzo kwinethiwekhi yethu. Ke ngoko, ukugcina iliso elithe gqolo kunye nokubekwa kweliso okukhawulezileyo kwamazibuko axakekileyo kubalulekile ukunqanda iziphazamiso kunye nemiba yoqhagamshelo.

Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulandele iindlela ezilungileyo zokhuseleko, ezinjengokugcina inkqubo yethu yokusebenza kunye neenkqubo zihlaziywa, kunye nokusebenzisa iifirewall kunye namanyathelo okuthintela ukuthintela ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kumazibuko ethu. Ukudityaniswa kwezi zenzo kuya kusinika uthungelwano olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo.

Ngamafutshane, ukukwazi ukuchonga ukuba zeziphi izibuko ezixakekileyo kwiWindows sisakhono sobuchule esisisiseko kubo bonke abo basebenza kuthungelwano kunye neenkqubo zekhompyuter. Ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nolwazi, sinokugcina ulawulo olusebenzayo lwamazibuko ethu kwaye siqinisekise ukusebenza kakuhle kuqhagamshelwano lwethu lwenethiwekhi.