Kwinqanaba letekhnoloji yothungelwano, kubalulekile ukufumanisa ukuba idilesi ye-IP yeyoluntu okanye yabucala ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle konxibelelwano lwe-intanethi. Ngokukhula okubonakalayo kwe-Intanethi kunye nemfuno eyandayo yoqhagamshelwano, ukuqonda indlela yokwahlula phakathi kwedilesi ye-IP kawonke-wonke kunye neyabucala kuye kwaba yimfuneko kubalawuli benethiwekhi, ababoneleli benkonzo ye-Intanethi, kunye nabasebenzisi ngokubanzi. Kule nqaku, siya kuphonononga ngobuchule indlela yokuchonga ukuba ngaba i-IP yoluntu okanye yangasese, ukuhlalutya iingcamango eziphambili kunye nezixhobo ezikhoyo ukufezekisa oku ngokuchanekileyo nangokuthembekileyo.
Yintoni i-IP yoluntu kunye ne-IP yabucala?
Kwilizwe loqhagamshelwano lwe-intanethi, kubalulekile ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwe-IP yoluntu kunye ne-IP yabucala. I-IP (iProtokholi ye-Intanethi) sisichongi esisodwa esinikezelwe kwisixhobo ngasinye esiqhagamshelwe kuthungelwano. Ngelixa ii-IP zoluntu zibonakala kwaye zinokufumaneka naphi na kwihlabathi, ii-IP zabucala zizodwa inethiwekhi yasekuhlaleni, njengekhaya okanye inethiwekhi yeofisi.
I-IP yoluntu inikezelwa nguMboneleli weNkonzo ye-Intanethi (ISP) kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuchonga nokunxibelelana nesixhobo kwi-Intanethi. Inokubonwa nguye nabani na onxibelelana nesixhobo kwinethiwekhi yehlabathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-IP yangasese inikezelwa yi-router ngaphakathi kwe- inethiwekhi yasekuhlaleni kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuchonga kunye nokunxibelelana nezixhobo ngaphakathi kwinethiwekhi ethile yaBucala ayifumaneki kwi-intanethi kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukwabelana ngezibonelelo ngaphakathi, ezinje ngabashicileli okanye iiseva zasekhaya.
Ukufumanisa ukuba i-IP yeyoluntu okanye yabucala, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuyenza. Enye inketho kukusebenzisa izixhobo ze-intanethi ezibonelela ngolwazi malunga nendawo kunye neenkcukacha ze-IP ethile. Enye indlela kukufikelela kwisethingi yenethiwekhi yesixhobo kwaye uqinisekise idilesi ye-IP eyabelwe. Ukuba idilesi ye-IP iqala ngamanani 10., 172.16.-172.31. okanye 192.168., ke i IP yabucala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba idilesi ye-IP ayihambelani nale miba, kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba yi-IP yoluntu.
Isishwankathelo, zombini ii-IP zoluntu kunye nee-IP zabucala zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kothungelwano. Ngelixa ii-IP zoluntu zivumela unxibelelwano kunye nokufikeleleka ukusuka naphi na kwihlabathi, ii-IP zabucala zibonelela ngendlela ekhuselekileyo yokwabelana ngezibonelelo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yendawo. Kuyimfuneko ukuqonda ezi ngcamango ukugcina uthungelwano olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo. Khumbula ukuba ukwabela ngokufanelekileyo ii-IPs kunye nokuqonda iyantlukwano yabo kubalulekile ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo inethiwekhi.
Umahluko phakathi kwe-IP yoluntu kunye ne-IP yabucala
Ii-IP zoluntu kunye nezabucala zizinto ezimbini eziqhelekileyo kuqwalaselo lwenethiwekhi. Nangona zinenjongo ezifanayo, ezi zimbini dilesi ye-IP ziyahluka ngokusebenza kwazo kunye nohlobo lofikelelo. Ukuze uqonde ngcono, kubalulekile ukwazi iimpawu zayo ezahlukileyo.
I-IP kawonkewonke yidilesi eyodwa enikezelwe kwisixhobo esiqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi yoluntu, njenge-Intanethi. Inokufikelelwa kwi IP kawonke-wonke ukusuka naphina kwaye ivumela ezinye izixhobo okanye iiseva ukuqhagamshela kuyo. IiIP zoluntu zisetyenziswa kakhulu iiwebhusayithi, abancedisi kunye ezinye iinkonzo kwi-intanethi. Ezi dilesi zahlukile kwaye zinokulandelelwa nguye nabani na okwaziyo ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi.
Kwelinye icala, i-IP yabucala yidilesi eyabelwe isixhobo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yabucala, njengenethiwekhi yendawo ekhayeni okanye kwiofisi. Ezi dilesi zisetyenziselwa ukwenza lula unxibelelwano lwangaphakathi phakathi kwezixhobo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yabucala. Ngokungafaniyo nee-IP zoluntu, ii-IP zabucala azifumaneki ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Intanethi. Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo ezininzi zinokubelana nge-IP efanayo yabucala ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi, njengoko ifanelekile kuphela ngaphakathi.
Isishwankathelo, ii-IP zikawonkewonke kunye nezabucala ziyahluka ngokwemigaqo yokufikelela kunye nokusebenza. Nangona i-IP kawonkewonke iyingqayizivele kwaye ifikeleleke naphi na, i-IP yangasese inikezelwe ngaphakathi kwinethiwekhi yangasese kwaye ayikwazi ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi ngokuthe ngqo.
Indlela yokuchonga ukuba i-IP yakho yeyoluntu okanye yabucala
Kwixesha ledijithali, kubalulekile ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwedilesi ye-IP yoluntu kunye nedilesi ye-IP yabucala. Ezi ngcinga zimbini zibalulekile kuba zimisela inqanaba lokhuseleko kunye nobumfihlo kuqhagamshelo lwakho lwe-Intanethi. Okulandelayo, siya kukucacisela.
1. Qinisekisa idilesi yakho ye-IP: Ukuqala, ungaqinisekisa idilesi yakho ye-IP ngokungena kwiwebhusayithi ekhethekileyo kulo msebenzi. Khangela ngokulula i-injini yakho yokukhangela "jonga i-IP yam" kwaye ukhethe naziphi na iziphumo. Iwebhusayithi iya kukubonisa idilesi yakho ye-IP yangoku, enokuthi ibe yindibaniselwano yamanani okanye amanani kunye nonobumba.
2. Chonga uluhlu: Nje ukuba ufumane idilesi yakho ye-IP, kufuneka uchonge uluhlu olulolwalo. Iidilesi zikawonke-wonke IP zidla ngokubekwa kuluhlu oluthile, olufana no-99.132.0.0 – 99.132.255.255. Olu luhlu lunikezelwe ngabaBoneleli beNkonzo ye-Intanethi (ISPs) kwaye zodwa kummandla ngamnye. Ngokwahlukileyo, iidilesi ze-IP zabucala gabalala zezoluhlu olunje ngo-192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 okanye 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255. Olu luhlu luqhele ukusetyenziswa kunxibelelwano lwendawo kumakhaya okanye kumashishini.
3. Qhagamshelana nomboneleli wakho wesevisi ye-Intanethi: Ukuba usenamathandabuzo malunga nokuba i-IP yakho yeyesidlangalaleni okanye yabucala, ungadibana ngqo nomboneleli wakho wenkonzo ye-Intanethi. Banokufikelela kwiisetingi zenethiwekhi yakho kwaye baya kukwazi ukuqinisekisa uhlobo lwedilesi ye-IP oyisebenzisayo Gcina ukhumbula ukuba usebenzisa uqhagamshelo lwe-Intanethi ekwabelwana ngalo okanye inethiwekhi yenkampani, kunokwenzeka ukuba zonke izixhobo ube nedilesi ye-IP yoluntu efanayo.
Khumbula ukuba ukwazi ukuba ingaba i-IP yakho yeyoluntu okanye yabucala kuya kukunceda uqonde ngakumbi malunga nokhuseleko lwakho kwi-intanethi kunye nendlela abanyeabanokukulandelela ngayo kwi-Intanethi. Ukongeza, olu lwazi luya kuba luncedo ukuba ufuna ukuqwalasela iinkonzo zenethiwekhi okanye iingxaki zoqhagamshelwano Ukugcina ulwazi oluhle lobugcisa kukuvumela ukuba wenze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo malunga nobumfihlo kunye nokhuseleko loqhagamshelwano lwakho lwe-Intanethi.
Amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukuba i-IP yakho isesidlangalaleni okanye yabucala
Kukho amanyathelo amaninzi onokuthi uwalandele ukuqinisekisa ukuba idilesi yakho ye-IP yeyoluntu okanye yabucala. Nali inyathelo ngenyathelo isikhokelo ukuze ukwazi ukubona ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-IP onayo.
1. Fikelela kwiphepha lokumisela umzila wakho: Vula isikhangeli sakho sewebhu kwaye uchwetheze idilesi ye-IP yerouter yakho kwibha yedilesi. Ngesiqhelo le dilesi idla ngokuba ngu-192.168.0.1 okanye 192.168.1.1. Nje ukuba ufikelele kwiphepha leseto, kuya kufuneka ungene ngegama lakho lomsebenzisi kunye negama lokugqitha. Ukuba awuzazi, zinokuprintwa ngasemva kwi-router okanye kumaxwebhu anikeziweyo xa wawuthengile.
2. Jonga icandelo lezicwangciso zenethiwekhi: Wakuba ungenile, khangela inethiwekhi okanye icandelo lezicwangciso ze-WAN kwimenyu.
3. Chonga idilesi ye-IP: Ngaphakathi kwecandelo loqwalaselo lwenethiwekhi, khangela icandelo elibhekiselele kwidilesi ye-IP. Uya kufumana iindidi ezimbini zeedilesi: idilesi ye-IP yoluntu kunye nedilesi ye-IP yabucala. Idilesi ye-IP yoluntu yileyo i-ISP yakho yabela umzila wakho, kwaye idilesi ye-IP yabucala yiyo eyabelwe izixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi yakho yendawo. Idilesi kawonke-wonke ye-IP inokuchongwa ngokulula, njengoko yahlukile ngokubanzi kwiidilesi ze-IP zabucala kwaye inokubonelelwa yi-ISP yakho.
Khumbula ukuba idilesi yakho ye-IP yoluntu ibonakala ku ezinye izixhobo kwi-Intanethi, ngelixa idilesi yakho ye-IP yabucala ibonakala kuphela ngaphakathi kwinethiwekhi yendawo yakho. Ukujonga oku kunokuba luncedo ukuqonda ukuba inethiwekhi yakho iqwalaselwe kwaye ikhuselwe njani izixhobo zakho yokungena.
Izixhobo zokumisela ukuba ngaba i-IP yakho yeyoluntu okanye yabucala
Kukho izixhobo ezininzi ezikhoyo kwi-intanethi ukufumanisa ukuba i-IP yakho yeyoluntu okanye yabucala. Ezi zixhobo zikuvumela ukuba ufumane iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga nedilesi yakho ye-IP kwaye ziya kukunceda uqonde ukuba usebenzisa idilesi ye-IP yoluntu okanye yabucala.
Enye yeendlela ezilula zokujonga ukuba i-IP yakho isesidlangalaleni kukusebenzisa idilesi ye-IP ekwi-intanethi. Ezi zixhobo ziya kukubonisa ngokukhawuleza ulwazi olufanelekileyo malunga ne-IP yakho, njengendawo yendawo kunye nenkampani yomboneleli wenkonzo ye-Intanethi. Baza kukuxelela kwakhona ukuba i-IP yakho yeyoluntu okanye yabucala. Faka ngokulula idilesi yakho ye-IP kwibar yokukhangela kwaye uya kufumana iziphumo kwimizuzwana.
Esinye isixhobo esixabisekileyo sokufumanisa ukuba i-IP yakho yeyoluntu okanye yabucala ngumgca womyalelo wenkqubo yakho yokusebenza. Ungasebenzisa umyalelo othi "ipconfig" kwiWindows okanye "ifconfig" kwiLinux okanye kwiMacOS ukufumana ulwazi malunga nedilesi yakho ye-IP Nje ukuba uqhube lo myalelo kwi-terminal, idatha eyahlukeneyo njengedilesi yakho ye-IP kunye ne-subnet mask. Ukuba idilesi ye-IP enikiweyo ihambelana nedilesi ye-IP yabucala (efana no-192.168.xx okanye 10.xxx), ngoko uyazi ukuba usebenzisa idilesi ye-IP yabucala.
Ngamafutshane, ngezixhobo ze-intanethi kunye nemiyalelo yomgca womyalelo, unokwazi ukubona ngokulula ukuba i-IP yakho yeyoluntu okanye yabucala. Olu lwazi lunokuba luncedo ukuqonda ngcono iisetingi zenethiwekhi yakho, ngakumbi ukuba unexhala malunga imfihlo kunye nokhuseleko lwe-intanethi. Khumbula ukuba idilesi ye-IP yoluntu ibonakala kwabanye kwinethiwekhi, ngelixa idilesi ye-IP yangasese igcinelwe ukusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi kwinethiwekhi yekhaya okanye ishishini.
Kutheni kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba i-IP yakho yeyoluntu okanye yabucala?
Ukubona ukuba idilesi yakho ye-IP yeyoluntu okanye yabucala kubalulekile kumaxesha anamhlanje. Ukubaluleka kuxhomekeke kwisidingo sokukhusela izixhobo zakho kunye neenkcukacha zomntu ekuhlaselweni kwe-cyber ngokukwazi uhlobo lwe-IP oyisebenzisayo, unokuthatha amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwakho lwe-intanethi. Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuba kutheni kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba i-IP yakho isesidlangalaleni okanye yabucala:
1. Ukhuseleko lweNethiwekhi: Xa usazi ukuba i-IP yakho yeyoluntu okanye yabucala, unokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nendlela yokukhusela idatha yakho. Ukuba i-IP yakho isesidlangalaleni, oko kuthetha ukuba usebenzisa idilesi eyabelwe nguMboneleli weNkonzo ye-Intanethi (ISP). Oku kunokubeka ukhuseleko loqhagamshelwano lwakho emngciphekweni, njengoko abahlaseli banokusebenzisa olu lwazi ukulandelela imisebenzi yakho ye-intanethi okanye bazame ukungena kwinethiwekhi yakho. Ukwazi oku, unokuthatha amanyathelo okuqinisa ukhuseleko lwakho, njengokumisela i-firewall okanye ukusebenzisa uxhumano lwe-VPN ukufihla i-IP yakho yoluntu.
2. Ukufikelela kwiinkonzo ezikude: Ngokumisela ukuba i-IP yakho isesidlangalaleni okanye yangasese, uya kukwazi ukwazi ukuba unokufikelela kwiinkonzo zenethiwekhi kunye nezixhobo ezivela kwiindawo zangaphandle. Ukuba i-IP yakho isesidlangalaleni, unokukwazi ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya okanye yomsebenzi ngaphandle kwendawo apho izixhobo zakho zikhoyo. Oku kunokuba luncedo ekusebenzeni ukude okanye ukufikelela iifayile zakho kunye nezixhobo naphina. Kwelinye icala, ukuba i-IP yakho ibucala, unokufuna ukuqwalasela iinketho ukufikelela kude iinketho ezongezelelweyo, njengokwenza ugqithiso lwezibuko, ukuvumela olu hlobo loxhulumaniso.
3. Ulawulo lwesixhobo kunye nolawulo: Ukwazi ukuba i-IP yakho yeyoluntu okanye yabucala kuya kukunceda ukuba ulawule izixhobo zakho indlela esebenzayo. Ukuba i-IP yakho isesidlangalaleni, kunokuba lula ukuseta iinkonzo ze-intanethi, ezifana nokusasaza ividiyo, ukufaka iikhamera zokhuseleko ezikude, okanye ukufikelela kwezinye izixhobo ukusuka naphi na. Kwelinye icala, ukuba une-IP yabucala, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zakho ziqwalaselwe ngokufanelekileyo. kwi-intanethi kwaye zikhuselwe ngeephasiwedi ezinamandla kunye nohlaziyo lwe-firmware Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba ngabasebenzisi abagunyazisiweyo kuphela abanokufikelela kwaye balawule izixhobo zakho.
Ngamafutshane, ukwazi ukuba i-IP yakho yeyoluntu okanye yabucala kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezixhobo zakho kunye nedatha yobuqu kwi-intanethi. Ukuba nolu lwazi kuya kukuvumela ukuba wenze amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo kunye nokufikelela kwiinkonzo kunye nezixhobo ukude ngokukhuselekileyo. Khumbula ukuhlala unolwazi ngezoyikiso ezinokubakho kwaye ugcine izixhobo zakho zihlaziyiwe ukuze ube namava akhuselekileyo nanoxolo kwi-intanethi.
Izindululo zokukhusela i-IP yakho kuxhomekeke ekubeni yeyasesidlangalaleni okanye yabucala
Kukho imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo onokuthi uyithathe ukukhusela idilesi yakho ye-IP, kuxhomekeke ekubeni yekawonke wonke okanye yabucala. Ukuba awuqhelananga noluvo, idilesi ye-IP ngokwesiseko sisichongi esisodwa esabelwe isixhobo ngasinye esiqhagamshelwe kuthungelwano. Idilesi kawonke-wonke ye-IP yenye ibonakala kuye nabani na okwi-Intanethi, ngelixa idilesi ye-IP yabucala ilinganiselwe kuthungelwano lwengingqi yakho.
Ukukhusela idilesi yakho ye-IP yabucala, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ngokuchanekileyo umzila wakho. Ungakwenza oku ngokulungisa useto lokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yakho, njengokutshintsha igama eligqithisiweyo lolawulo kunye nokukhubaza ukusebenza kwe-UPnP (Iplagi yeHlabathi kunye nokuDlala). Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise i-firewall ukucoca itrafikhi engagunyaziswanga kwaye ugcine izixhobo zakho zisexesheni kunye neepatches zokhuseleko zamva nje.
Ukuba idilesi yakho ye-IP isesidlangalaleni, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo ongezelelweyo ukukhusela ubumfihlo bakho kunye nokhuseleko kwi-intanethi. Olunye ukhetho kukusebenzisa inethiwekhi yabucala ebonakalayo (VPN) efihla unxibelelwano lwakho kwaye ifihle idilesi yakho ye-IP yokwenyani. Kufuneka ulumke xa usabelana ngolwazi lomntu kwi-intanethi kwaye ucinge ngokusebenzisa iinkonzo ze-imeyile kunye nezikhangeli ezixhasa ubumfihlo kunye nokhuseleko lwedatha.
Ngamafutshane, ukukhusela idilesi yakho ye-IP kubalulekile ekukhuseleni ukhuseleko lwakho kunye nobumfihlo bakho kwi-intanethi nokuba unedilesi ye-IP yoluntu okanye yabucala, landela ezi ngcebiso ukomeleza ukhuseleko lwakho kwi-Intanethi. Ungalibali ukugcina izixhobo zakho zihlaziyiwe, sebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo aqinileyo, kwaye uqaphele useto lwabucala kuzo zonke izixhobo zakho kunye neenkonzo ze-intanethi.
Ukuqukumbela, ukuchonga ukuba idilesi ye-IP yeyoluntu okanye yabucala kunokuba ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo ukuqonda kakuhle nokulawula inethiwekhi yethu. Ngeendlela ezilula kodwa ezisebenzayo, ezinjengokukhangela kwi-intanethi okanye ukuhlalutya useto lwe-router, sinokumisela ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba idilesi yethu ye-IP yeyoluntu okanye yabucala. Ngokuqonda umahluko phakathi kweedilesi ze-IP zikawonke-wonke kunye nezabucala, singathatha amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukukhusela inethiwekhi yethu kunye nokugcina ubumfihlo bethu kwihlabathi ledijithali elihlala livela. Ulwazi lobuchwephesha lwedilesi yethu ye-IP kunye nokuhlelwa kwayo kusivumela ukuba senze izigqibo ezizizo malunga noqhakamshelwano lwethu kwaye sifumane ukuqonda okunzulu malunga nendlela esebenza ngayo i-Intanethi xa iyonke. Ekugqibeleni, ukuqonda ezi ngcamango kusinika isiseko sokuphucula ukuthembeka nokusebenza kakuhle kothungelwano lwethu, kwaye kusilungiselela ukujongana nemingeni kunye namathuba anikezelwa lilizwe elidibeneyo esiphila kulo.
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