Indlela eyakhiwe ngayo idayimani

Iidayimani, ezaziwa ngobuhle bazo kunye nexabiso, yenye yezona zinto zixabisekileyo emhlabeni yezacholo. Nangona kunjalo, bambalwa abayaziyo inkqubo esemva kokwenziwa kwezi zimbiwa zinomdla. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ngokweenkcukacha indlela idayimani eyenziwe ngayo, ukusuka kwimvelaphi yayo ye-geological ukuya kwikristali yayo kunye nokufumana iimpawu zayo ezizodwa. Ngelixa ukuveliswa kweedayimani zokwenziwa kuxhaphake kakhulu, ukuqonda inkqubo yokwakheka kwendalo kusivumela ukuba siqonde ngakumbi ububodwa kunye nokunqaba kwezi gems. Sijoyine kolu hambo ngejoloji kunye nekhemistri emva kokudalwa kwedayimane.

1. Intshayelelo yenkqubo yokwenza idayimani

Idayimani, eyaziwa ngokuba lukhuni kunye nokukhanya okuqaqambileyo, yenziwa ngenkqubo yendalo ethatha izigidi zeminyaka. Ngeli xesha, ikhabhoni iphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye namaqondo okushisa aphezulu kakhulu. yomhlaba. Kweli candelo, siza kuphonononga inkqubo enomdla yokubunjwa kwedayimane kunye nezinto ezichaphazela indalo yayo.

Okokuqala, ikhabhoni yeyona nto iphambili ekuyilweni kwedayimani. Le carbon ifumaneka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, njengegraphite kunye ne-amorphous carbon. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, i-carbon idlula kwiikhemikhali kunye nokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo ukuze ibe yi-crystalline structure ye-crystalline-dimensional, eyona nto ibonakalisa i-diamond.

Okulandelayo, ukubunjwa kwedayimani kwenzeka phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo ubuncinane i-725,000 yeeponti nge-intshi yesikwere (psi). Olu xinzelelo lugqithisileyo lufikelelwa kubunzulu obumalunga nama-90 ukuya kwi-120 yeemayile ngaphantsi komphezulu woMhlaba. Ukongeza kuxinzelelo oluphezulu, amaqondo obushushu nawo adlala indima ebalulekileyo. Inkqubo yokwakheka kwenzeka kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwe-1,650 kunye ne-2,370 degrees Fahrenheit (ama-900 kunye ne-1,300 ngokukaCelsius). Ezi meko zinzima zivumela ii-athomu zekhabhoni ukuba zidibanise kwaye ziququzelele kwisakhiwo se-crystalline, ngaloo ndlela kudala idayimane ekhethekileyo kunye nexabiso.

2. Ukubunjwa kwedayimane: iimeko zejoloji kunye noxinzelelo olunzulu

Ukubunjwa kwedayimani Yinkqubo umdla ofuna iimeko zejoloji kunye noxinzelelo olugqithisileyo. Ukuqonda kangcono le nto, kubalulekile ukwazi izinto ezichaphazela ukubunjwa kwayo.

Okokuqala, ukubunjwa kwedayimani kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo nobukho bekhabhoni eMhlabeni. Le khabhoni ifumaneka nzulu kuqweqwe loMhlaba kwaye isuka ekuboleni kwezinto eziphilayo. Uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu kule mimandla zilungele ukuba iiathom zekhabhoni zikhazimle kwaye zenze izakhiwo zedayimani.

Ukongezelela, iidayimani zenza phantsi kweemeko ezithile zejoloji, ngokukodwa kumatye aziwa ngokuba yi-kimberlites kunye ne-lamproites. La matye afumaneka kwiindawo ezithile zejografi, ezifana neecratons kunye ne-subduction zones, apho iimeko zejoloji zivumela ukwakheka kwedayimani. Le mimandla ihlala kunzima ukufikelela kunye nokuhlola, nto leyo enegalelo kububodwa kunye nexabiso ledayimani.

Ukwenziwa kwedayimani kufuna uxinzelelo olumandla, olunokufikelela kuma-725,000 eeponti nge-intshi yesikwere (50,000 atmosphere) kunye namaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-1,200 ngokukaCelsius. Ezi meko zenzeka kuMhlaba ongaphezulu, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-150 ubunzulu. Phantsi kwezi meko, iiathom zekhabhoni ziphinda zizilungelelanise zibe yikristale, nto leyo eyenza kubekho iidayimani. Le nkqubo Kungathatha izigidi zeminyaka, ukuzisa idayimani kumphezulu woMhlaba ngogqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo apho zifunyenwe kwaye zitsalwe.

Ukuqukumbela, ukubunjwa kwedayimani yinkqubo enzima ebandakanya iimeko zejoloji kunye noxinzelelo olukhulu. Ikhabhoni ekhoyo kuqweqwe loMhlaba ikhazimla phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo, yenze idayimani nzulu emhlabeni. Ezi dayimani ke ngoko ziziswa kumphezulu ngogqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo, apho ziye zibhaqwe kwaye zixatyiswe ngokunqaba nobuhle bazo.

3. Izinto eziyimfuneko ekwenzeni idayimani

4. Izigaba ze-carbon crystallization ekubunjweni kwedayimane

I-Carbon crystallization yinkqubo enzima ebandakanya izigaba ezininzi ekufuneka zenziwe phantsi kweemeko ezikhethekileyo zokuqulunqwa kwedayimane. Ezi zigaba zibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukucoceka kunye nomgangatho wedayimane ephumayo. Amanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-carbon crystallization achazwe ngezantsi:

1. Ukubola kwekhabhoni: Ikhabhoni kufuneka ibe kwimo yekhabhoni ecocekileyo ukuqala inkqubo yecrystallization. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-carbon precursor efana ne-methane okanye i-acetylene isetyenzisiweyo, echithwa nge-thermal kwisithando somlilo esikhethekileyo ukufumana i-carbon kwiyona ndlela isisiseko.

2. Nucleation: Yakuba ikharbhon yophukile, kufuneka inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yinucleation ukuqalisa ukuyilwa kweekristale zedayimani. Ngeli nqanaba, iincinci ezincinci zezinye izinto, ezifana ne-nickel, zingeniswa, zisebenza njengembewu yedayimane. Ezi mbewu zibonelela ngesiqalo sokukhula kweekristale zedayimani.

3. Ukukhula kweCrystal: Emva kokuba i-nucleation yenzekile, inqanaba lokukhula kwekristale yedayimani liqala. Kweli nqanaba, ikhabhoni ifakwa kwimbewu yedayimani kwaye iyaqhubeka nokukhula umaleko ngokwenkqubo elawulwayo. Ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kunye noxinzelelo olufunekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhula okufanelekileyo kwekristale, okuqhelekileyo kufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zobugcisa obuphezulu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-high-pressure presses.

5. Izinto zekhemikhali kunye nokubaluleka kwekhabhoni ekubunjweni kwedayimane

Ukwenziwa kwedayimani yinkqubo entsonkothileyo yemichiza efuna indibaniselwano yezinto ezininzi. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kule nkqubo yikhabhoni. Ikhabhoni yinto ekhethekileyo ekwaziyo ukwenza iibhondi ezomeleleyo, ezizinzileyo kunye nezinye iiathom zekhabhoni, ezivumela ukuba zenze ulwakhiwo oluqinileyo lwekristale.

Ukubunjwa kwedayimani kwenzeka nzulu emhlabeni, apho amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo zenza ukuba ikharbhon ibe yikristale. Le nkqubo yenzeka kwizigidi zeminyaka, ekubeni ixesha elininzi liyafuneka ukuze iibhondi zeekhemikhali eziyimfuneko zokwenza idayimani ukuba yenze.

Ukongeza kwikhabhoni, ezinye izinto zeekhemikhali nazo zibalulekile ekubunjweni kwedayimani. Ubukho bokungcola bunokuphembelela umbala kunye nokucaca kwedayimani, ngelixa ukufumaneka kwezinye izinto, ezifana ne-boron okanye i-nitrogen, kunokukhokelela kwiidayimani ezinemibala enzulu. Iyachukumisa indlela ulwakhiwo lwemolekyuli olulula njengekhabhoni lunokuvelisa awona matye anqabileyo axatyiswayo nanqwenelwayo ehlabathini.

6. Ukuguqulwa kwekhabhoni ye-amorphous kwi-crystalline carbon ekubunjweni kwedayimane

Ukuguqulwa kwekhabhoni ye-amorphous kwi-crystalline carbon yinkqubo ebalulekileyo ekwenziweni kwedayimani. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukuguqulwa kweeathom zekhabhoni ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esicwangcisiweyo kwinethiwekhi ikristale eqhelekileyo rhoqo. Amanyathelo abandakanyekayo kolu tshintsho achazwe ngezantsi:

1. Ukuvezwa kwamaqondo okushisa aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo: Ukuze ukuguqulwa kwenzeke, i-amorphous carbon kufuneka ibe phantsi kweemeko ezinzulu zokushisa kunye noxinzelelo. Ubuchule obahlukeneyo bunokusetyenziswa ukuphumeza oku, njengokusetyenziswa komatshini wokushicilela wedayimane okanye indlela yekhemikhali yokubeka umphunga (CVD).

2. Ukuhamba kunye nokulungiswa ngokutsha kweeathomu: Ngexesha lokuvezwa kwamaqondo aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo, iiathomu zekhabhoni ziqala ukuhamba kwaye zilungelelanise kwakhona. Oku kukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwamabhondi ekhemikhali eyomeleleyo phakathi kweathom, ukuvelisa ulwakhiwo olucwangcisiweyo ngakumbi lwekristale.

7. Iindlela zendalo kunye nezendalo zokwenza idayimani

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo, zombini zendalo kunye nezokwenziwa, zokwenziwa kwedayimane. Iidayimani zendalo zenziwe ngenkqubo enokuthatha izigidi zeminyaka. Ziveliswa lutshintsho olugqithisileyo kubushushu kunye noxinzelelo kuqweqwe loMhlaba. Kwelinye icala, iidayimani zokwenziwa zenziwe kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kwiilabhoratri.

Enye yeendlela zendalo zokwenza idayimani yikhabhoni ekhazimlisiweyo, apho ikharbon iphantsi kobushushu obugqithisileyo kunye noxinzelelo emhlabeni. Oku kulandelwa yinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi<em>kimberlite, apho idayimani ihambela phezulu ngogqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo. Kanye phezu komhlaba, iidayimani zendalo zitsalwa ngokumbiwa kwemigodi.

Iindlela ezenziweyo zokwenza idayimani zibandakanya i-chemical vapor deposition (CVD) kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lobushushu (HPHT). Kwinkqubo ye-CVD, umxube weegesi ungeniswa kwigumbi lokuphendula, elithe lifudunyezwe kumaqondo aphezulu. Iiathom zehydrogen ezikumxube werhasi ziyawohloka, zishiya iiathom zekhabhoni zidibana zenze idayimani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwinkqubo ye-HPHT, uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye namaqondo okushisa asetyenziswa kwiqhekeza elincinci lekhabhoni, elinceda i-crystallization yedayimane.

8. Impembelelo yexesha kunye nobushushu ekubunjweni kwedayimani

Ukubunjwa kwedayimani kuphenjelelwa kakhulu lixesha kunye nobushushu obuphantsi kwayo. Ezi zinto zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni kunye nenkqubo yecrystallization yedayimani. Amanqaku aphambili ekufuneka athathelwe ingqalelo ngokunxulumene nesi sihloko achazwe ngezantsi:

1. Ixesha lokwenziwa kwedayimani: Ixesha elifunekayo ukuze kuyilwe idayimani linokwahluka kakhulu, ukusuka kwizigidi ukuya kwiibhiliyoni zeminyaka. Ngeli xesha, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-geological zenzeke, ezifana nokuvezwa koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye namaqondo okushisa, kunye ne-crystallization yekhabhoni ecocekileyo. Ezi zihlandlo zexesha elide ziyimfuneko ekudaleni idayimani. umgangatho ophezulu.

2. Ubushushu: Ubushushu bukwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenziweni kwedayimani. Iidayimani zenziwe kubunzulu obugqithisileyo emhlabeni, apho amaqondo obushushu afikelela kumaxabiso aphezulu kakhulu. Ukubonakaliswa kwamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kuyafuneka ukuze kuguqulwe ikhabhoni ibe yikristale, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kubonakale ubuhle kunye nokuxhathisa kwedayimani.

3. Uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu: Ukudityaniswa koxinzelelo olufanelekileyo kunye nobushushu kubalulekile ekubunjweni kwedayimane. Ezi meko zifumaneka nzulu phakathi koqweqwe loMhlaba, apho inkqubo yecrystallization yenzeka ngenxa yokuvezwa ixesha elide kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye namaqondo obushushu. Uxinzelelo lunika iidayimani iimpawu zazo zomzimba ezizodwa, ezinjengokuqina kwazo okugqithisileyo kunye nokukwazi ukuhambisa ukukhanya okukhethekileyo.

Ukuqukumbela, ixesha kunye nobushushu izinto ezimbini izitshixo ekubunjweni kwedayimani. Ixesha elide elifunekayo ukuze iinkqubo ze-geological zenzeke kunye ne-carbon crystallization, idityaniswe namaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo, ibangela iidayimani esizaziyo namhlanje. Ezi kristale zibalaseleyo zisisiphumo sezigidi zeminyaka yeenkqubo zendalo, eziye zenza enye yezona zinto zixabisekileyo kunye nezacholo ezinqwenelekayo kwihlabathi.

9. Indima yezimbiwa kunye nokubandakanywa ekubunjweni kwedayimani

Idayimani, eyaziwa njengelona litye lixabisekileyo nelinqwenelekayo, lenziwa phantsi kweemeko ezigqithisileyo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu obunzulu emhlabeni. Kule nkqubo, iiminerali kunye nokufakwayo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenziweni kwedayimani.

Iiminerali ezifumaneka kumatye anekhabhoni zibalulekile ekudaleni idayimane. Ikhabhoni iphantsi koxinzelelo olugqithisileyo, kubunzulu obuncinci beekhilomitha ezili-150 ngaphantsi komphezulu woMhlaba. Ngethuba le nkqubo, iiminerali ezifana ne-olivine, i-pyroxene kunye ne-garnet zisebenza njengendlela yokuthutha i-carbon phezulu, apho idayimane iya kwenza khona.

Ukongeza kwiiminerali, ukufakwa kwakhona kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubunjweni kwedayimane. Ezi zinto zibandakanya amaqhekeza amancinci abanjwe ngaphakathi kwekristale yedayimani kwaye inokuvela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, njengamaminerali, iigesi okanye ulwelo. Iinclusions zisebenza "njengamangqina" kubume bejoloji apho idayimani yenziwe khona, inika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nembali yokwakheka komhlaba. Ukufunda oku kubandakanywa kubalulekile ekuqondeni indlela iidayimani ezenza ngayo kunye nokuba iimeko zivela njani ngaphakathi eMhlabeni.

Ngamafutshane, iiminerali kunye nokufakwayo zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekwenziweni kwedayimani. Iiminerali zithutha ikhabhoni ukuya kumphezulu kunye nezibandakanyiweyo zibonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nokusingqongileyo kwejoloji apho idayimani yenziwe khona. Ukuqonda kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukubaluleka kwayo kunye nokuxabisa ubuhle bale gem eyodwa.

10. Ubude benkqubo yokwenziwa kwedayimani phantsi kweemeko zendalo

Ukubunjwa kwedayimani phantsi kweemeko zendalo yinkqubo enomdla efuna indibaniselwano ethile yobushushu kunye noxinzelelo olunzulu ngaphakathi eMhlabeni. Le nkqubo inokuthatha izigidi zeminyaka ukusuka kwixesha lekhabhoni eyenziwe de ekugqibeleni ikhazimle ibe yidayimani. Ngeli xesha, i-carbon idlula uluhlu lweekhemikhali kunye nokuguqulwa komzimba okwenza kube yenye yamatye anqabileyo axabisekileyo emhlabeni.

Inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nesantya sokukhula kwekristale. Njengoko ikhabhoni iphantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo, iimolekyuli zekhabhoni zibopha kunye ukuze zenze i-crystalline structure. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo inokucotha kakhulu, njengoko izinga lokukhula kwekristale lihlala lincinci, malunga neemicrometer ezimbalwa ngonyaka.

Ukongeza kwiqondo lokushisa elifanelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo, ezinye izinto zinokuchaphazela ixesha lenkqubo yokubunjwa kwedayimane. Ngokomzekelo, ubukho bokungcola kwikhabhoni bunokunciphisa ukukhula kwekristale. Ngokufanayo, ukunqongophala kwezondlo kwindawo engqongileyo kunokunciphisa ukunikezelwa kwekhabhoni, ukulibazisa ngakumbi inkqubo. Nangona le nkqubo icotha kakhulu phantsi kweemeko zendalo, ubuhle kunye nexabiso ledayimani lenza ukuba nganye ibe yodwa kwaye ikhethekileyo. [ISIPHELO

11. Uhlalutyo lwesakhiwo kunye neempawu zedayimani ezenziwe ngokwemvelo

Uhlalutyo lwesakhiwo kunye neempawu zedayimani ezenziwe ngokwemvelo kubandakanya ukufunda ngokucophelela ukubunjwa kwayo kunye neempawu zomzimba. Okulandelayo, i amanyathelo aphambili ukulandela ukwenza olu hlahlelo ngempumelelo:

Inyathelo lesi-1: Qokelela isampuli emele idayimani ukuba ihlalutywe. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba isampuli inkulu ngokwaneleyo ukwenza iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo kwaye uhlalutye ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ingqibelelo yedayimane.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Yenza uviwo olubonakalayo kwaye usebenzise izixhobo zokwandisa ukujonga isakhiwo sedayimane. Ukuchonga ubukho bokubandakanywa, ukungafezeki kunye neempawu ezihlukeneyo, ezifana nenkqubo yayo ye-crystalline kunye neenkalo ezizenzayo.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Sebenzisa iindlela zokuhlalutya iikhemikhali ukumisela ukucoceka kunye nokubunjwa kwedayimani. Oku kunokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kobuchule be-spectroscopic, obufana ne-infrared spectroscopy okanye i-absorption spectroscopy. I-X-reyi, ukuchonga izinto ezikhoyo kwidayimani kunye nokuvavanya umgangatho wayo.

12. Umahluko phakathi kokubunjwa kwendalo kunye nokuveliswa kokwenziwa kwedayimani

Ukubunjwa kwendalo kunye nokuveliswa kokwenziwa kwedayimani ziinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo ezibangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zohlobo ngalunye lwedayimani. Apha ngezantsi sigxininisa umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweendlela zombini:

1. Imvelaphi: Iidayimani zendalo zenza eMhlabeni kubunzulu obugqithisileyo phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo kwithuba lezigidi zeminyaka. Kwelinye icala, iidayimani zokwenziwa zenziwe kwiilabhoratri zisebenzisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu, ubushushu obuphezulu (HPHT) okanye iindlela zokubeka umphunga wekhemikhali (CVD).

2. Ulwakhiwo: Iidayimani zendalo ziqulunqwe ngokuyintloko ngekhabhoni esulungekileyo, ngelixa iidayimani zokwenziwa zinokufakwa kwezinye izinto okanye ukungcola kuxhomekeke kwiinkqubo ezisetyenzisiweyo ekudaleni kwazo.

3. Calidad y precio: Iidayimani zendalo zinqabile kwaye ke ngoko zixabiseke ngakumbi kunedayimani zokwenziwa. Ukongezelela, iimpawu ezikhethekileyo kunye nokungafezeki kwendalo kweedayimani zendalo zenza ukuba zinqweneleke ngakumbi kwishishini lobucwebe. Iidayimani zokwenziwa, kwelinye icala, zinexabiso eliphantsi kunye nomgangatho ongaguqukiyo.

13. Ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweedayimani ezenziwe ngokwemvelo

Iidayimani ezenziwe ngokwendalo zinezicelo ezahlukeneyo kwishishini ngenxa yokuqina kunye nokuxhathisa. Enye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kukwenziwa kwezixhobo zokusika kunye nokupholisha.. Iidayimani zendalo zisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweediski zokusika izinto ezinzima ezifana neglasi, i-ceramics kunye nesinyithi, kunye nokuveliswa kwamavili okupholisha ukwenzela ukugqitywa okuphezulu.

Enye intsimi apho iidayimani zendalo zifumana isicelo kwishishini lombane. Ngenxa ye-thermal conductivity egqwesileyo, iidayimani zisetyenziswa kwizixhobo ze-semiconductor ukutshabalalisa ubushushu obuveliswa ngexesha lokusebenza.. Ukongeza, amandla abo e-dielectric aphezulu abenza balungele ukufakwa kombane kwi-insulation yombane kumacandelo aphezulu-frequency.

Ubucwebe ikwalicandelo apho iidayimani zendalo zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Iidayimani ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokucoceka zisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwezinto zobucwebe ezifana nemisesane, iintsimbi zomqala kunye nezacholo.. Ubuhle kunye nokwahluka kweedayimani zendalo kubenza babe lukhetho oludumileyo kwabo bafuna iziqwenga ezihlala ixesha elide zobucwebe bexabiso eliphezulu lobuhle.

14. Izigqibo malunga nenkqubo enomdla yokwenziwa kwedayimani

Inkqubo yokwenza idayimani ibangela umdla ngokwenene. Kulo lonke eli nqaku, sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha inqanaba ngalinye, ukusuka ekudalweni kwekhabhoni ecocekileyo ukuya kwi-crystallization yokugqibela. Ngenxa yoko, siye sayiqonda ngokunzulu indlela eli litye lixabisekileyo lenziwa ngayo.

Okokuqala, sifunde ukuba ikhabhoni yeyona nto iphambili ekuyilweni kwedayimane. Ngoxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kunye nobushushu obukhoyo nzulu eMhlabeni, ikhabhoni ingena kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yimetamorphism, iguquka ibe yidayimane. Ukongezelela, ukufakwa kwezinye izinto kunokubangela imibala eyahlukeneyo kunye neempawu kwiidayimani.

Okulandelayo, siphonononga indlela iidayimani ezithuthwa ngayo ukuya emhlabeni ngogqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo. Olu qhushumbo lukhuphela iidayimani kumphezulu kwii kimberlites okanye kwamanye amatye anomlilo. Emva kolu hambo lunobundlobongela, iidayimani zinokutsalwa kwaye ziphantsi kwenkqubo yokusikwa kunye nokupholisha ukuze kuphuculwe ubuhle kunye nokuqaqamba kwazo.

Isishwankathelo, inkqubo yokwenza idayimane ibandakanya uchungechunge lweemeko ezinzima kunye nezigaba ezinomdla. Ukususela ekuguqulweni kwekhabhoni ukuya ekuqhumeni kwayo kwentaba-mlilo kunye nokutsalwa kwayo okulandelayo kunye nokucocwa, inyathelo ngalinye linegalelo ekudalweni kwale gem ekhethekileyo. Alithandabuzeki elokuba idayimani bubutyebi bendalo obusinika ingqiqo enzulu kwiinkqubo zejoloji ezibumba ihlabathi lethu. [ISIPHELO

Ukuqukumbela, inkqubo yokwenziwa kwedayimani yinto enomdla ebangele umdla kunye nomdla kwizazinzulu kunye nabanomdla ngokufanayo. Ngokudityaniswa kwamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo olugqithisileyo ngaphakathi eMhlabeni, iikhabhoni zomntu ngamnye ziyadibana ukudala isakhiwo sekristale esingaqhelekanga kwaye sixhathisa kakhulu.

Ulwazi malunga nendlela idayimani eyakheka ngayo ayisiniki nje ukuqonda nzulu ngobume bomhlaba weplanethi yethu, kodwa lukwanefuthe elibalulekileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zenzululwazi kunye nezoshishino, ukusuka kuphononongo lwezimbiwa ukuya kwizixhobo zokuvelisa ezichanekileyo.

Nangona iidayimani ezininzi zenzekile ngokwendalo kwizigidi zeminyaka, inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji iye yavumela ukuhlanganiswa kwedayimani ngokwenziwa kwiilabhoratri, ukuvula amathuba amatsha kwishishini lezacholo kwaye kukhokelela ekuqondeni ngakumbi isayensi emva kwezi kristale zintle.

Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yokwenza idayimani ingumzekelo omangalisayo wendlela izinto ezisisiseko zendalo ezinokuguqulwa ngayo zibe lelona litye lixabisekileyo ehlabathini. Njengoko uphando olutsha luqhubeka nokuvela kunye neendlela ezintsha zokudibanisa ziphuhliswa, ngokungathandabuzekiyo siya kuqhubeka nokwandisa ulwazi lwethu lwalo mmangaliso wekristale kunye neempembelelo zawo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi kunye nezobuchwepheshe. Iidayimani zikho, kwaye ziya kuhlala zikhona, isimboli sanaphakade sobuhle kunye nokuqina, imvelaphi yayo idlula ubunzulu boMhlaba ngokwawo.