Yenziwa Njani Iswekile

Inkqubo yokuvelisa iswekile sisihloko esinomdla kakhulu kwabo banomdla kwishishini lokutya. Qonda indlela okwenziwa ngayo le nkqubo Kubalulekile ukuqonda imveliso kunye nomgangatho wale nto ixhaphakileyo kuluntu lwethu. Kweli phepha elimhlophe, siza kuhlolisisa ngokweenkcukacha indlela iswekile eyenziwa ngayo, ukusuka ekutsalweni kwezinto eziluhlaza ukuya ekucokiseni kwayo okokugqibela. Sijoyine kolu phononongo lunomdla nolucokisekileyo lwe amanyathelo aphambili inxaxheba ekwenzeni iswekile. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, olu lwazi luya kubonelela ngengqiqo enzulu kweli shishini lisisiseko kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.

1. Inkqubo yokuvelisa iswekile: isishwankathelo

Inkqubo yokuvelisa iswekile iqala ngokutsalwa kwezinto eziluhlaza, kule meko ishukela. Wakuba unqunyulwe ummoba waze waqokelelwa, uyahlanjwa uze ucolwe ukuze kutsalwe incindi. Le juice ke ifakwe kwinkqubo yokucacisa ukuphelisa ukungcola kwaye iphantsi koluhlu lweekhemikhali kunye nonyango lomzimba ukufezekisa icrystallization yeswekile.

I-crystallization yeswekile ibandakanya ukwahlulwa kweekristale zeswekile kwijusi ngokunyuka komphunga kunye nokupholisa. Le nkqubo iqhutyelwa kwizikhongozeli ezikhulu ezibizwa ngokuba zii-evaporators, apho ijusi ifudunyezwa de amanzi abe ngumphunga kwaye kwakheka ubunzima obushinyeneyo besiraphu egxininisiweyo eneekristale zeswekile. Le isiraphu ke ipholisiwe kwaye iphantsi kwenkqubo ye-centrifugation ukwahlula iikristale zeswekile kulwelo oluseleyo.

Emva kokuba iikristale zeswekile zifunyenwe, zomiswa ukuze ziphelise nawuphi na umkhondo wokufuma. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokusetyenziswa kwezomisi mveliso ezisebenzisa ubushushu kunye nokulawulwa komoya. Okokugqibela, iikristale zeswekile zingena kwinkqubo yokusulungekiswa ukuphelisa ubumdaka bokugqibela kwaye zifumane iswekile emhlophe esulungekileyo esiyaziyo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezihluzi kunye nonyango oluthile lwekhemikhali oluqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokucoceka kweswekile yokugqibela.

Isishwankathelo, inkqubo yokuvelisa iswekile ibandakanya ukutsalwa kwejusi yeswekile, ukucaciswa kunye nokunyangwa kwejusi, i-crystallization kunye nokwahlula i-crystal crystals, ukomisa kunye nokucocwa. Inqanaba ngalinye lenkqubo lifuna oomatshini abakhethekileyo kunye nolwazi lobugcisa ukufezekisa iziphumo ezifunwayo. Iswekile yenye yeemveliso ezisetyenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni kwaye imveliso yayo ifuna inkqubo engqongqo nesebenzayo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wayo kunye nokufumaneka kwayo.

2. Isuka phi iswekile kwaye ifumaneka njani?

Iswekile ifumaneka ikakhulu kwimithombo emibini: iswekile kunye neswekile beet. I-Sugar cane isityalo esitshisayo esikhule kwimimandla efana neLatin America, iCaribbean kunye ne-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia. Kwelinye icala, i-sugar beet luhlobo lweengcambu olulinywa kakhulu eYurophu nakuMntla Merika.

Inkqubo yokufumana iswekile iqala ngokuvunwa kwento ekrwada, nokuba ngummoba okanye iibeet. Izinto ezikrwada ke ziphantsi koluhlu lweenkqubo zokutsalwa kunye nokucocwa ukufumana iswekile yokugqibela.

Ukufumana iswekile yommoba, incindi yommoba itsalwa ngenkqubo yokusila. Emva koko, inkqubo yokucacisa kunye nokucoca iqhutyelwa ukuphelisa ukungcola. Ijusi ecacisiweyo ke igxininiswe kwaye ikhazimliswe, ifumane iikristale zeswekile ekrwada. Ekugqibeleni, iikristale zeswekile ekrwada ziyacocwa, zifakwe kwi-centrifuged kwaye zomiswe ukuze zifumane iswekile esulungekileyo esiyidlayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufumana i-beet iswekile, i-extraction efanayo kunye nenkqubo yokucoca iyenziwa. I-beet ihlanjwe, ihlulwe kwaye inqunywe ngamaqhekeza amancinci. La maqhekeza emva koko aphantsi kwenkqubo yokutsalwa kwejusi, elandelwa luluhlu lweenkqubo zokucaciswa kunye nokuphuma komphunga de kufumaneke iikristale zeswekile. Ekugqibeleni, iikristale ziyahlanjwa, zifakwe kwi-centrifuged kwaye zomiswe ukuze zifumane iswekile ecocekileyo.

Ngamafutshane, iswekile ifunyanwa kuzo zombini iimoba kunye neebhiti zeswekile ngokutsalwa kunye nenkqubo yokusulungekiswa. Inkqubo iyahluka kancinane ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo, kodwa kuzo zombini iimeko iswekile esulungekileyo ifumaneka ilungele ukusetyenziswa. Iswekile yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lokutya kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela.. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela imvelaphi kunye nenkqubo yokufumana iswekile ukuqonda imveliso yayo kwaye wenze izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwayo.

3. Ukutyala iswekile: inyathelo lokuqala kwikhonkco lemveliso

Ukutyalwa kommoba linyathelo lokuqala eliyimfuneko kwityathanga lemveliso yeswekile kunye nezinto ezininzi eziphuma kwimveliso. Eli nqanaba liyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa isivuno esiyimpumelelo kunye umgangatho ophezulu. Ukuqhuba ukulima okuyimpumelelo, kubalulekile ukulandela inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo kunye neqhutywe kakuhle. Ngezantsi ngamanyathelo aphambili okutyalwa kommoba:

1. Ukulungiswa kwendawo: Ngaphambi kokuqala ukutyala, kuyimfuneko ukulungisa kakuhle umhlaba. Oku kubandakanya ukucoca indawo yokhula kunye nenkunkuma, ukulinganisa umhlaba kunye nokwenza umsebenzi wokuhambisa amanzi ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba unezondlo eziyimfuneko zokukhula kommoba. Uvavanyo lomhlaba lunokwenziwa kwaye izichumisi zigalelwe ngokwengcebiso.

2. Ukufumana imbewu esemgangathweni: Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imbewu yodidi oluphezulu ukuze uhlwayelwe kakuhle. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ufumane imbewu kubaboneleli abathembekileyo kwaye ujonge ukucoceka kunye nokusebenza kwayo. Imbewu kufuneka ingabi nazifo kunye nomonakalo obonakalayo. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukukhetha iindidi zommoba ezifanele iimeko zemozulu nohlobo lomhlaba walo mmandla.

3. Ukutyala kunye nokhathalelo lokuqala: Emva kokuba umhlaba ulungisiwe kwaye imbewu esemgangathweni ifunyenwe, inyathelo elilandelayo kukuhlwayela ngokwakho. Imbewu kufuneka ifakwe kwimisele okanye emingxunyeni kubunzulu obufanelekileyo kunye nomgama. Emva kokutyala, kubalulekile ukunkcenkceshela okwaneleyo kunye nokulawula ukhula ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okunempilo kommoba. Ukongeza, izitshabalalisi ezongezelelweyo kunye nezichumisi zinokugalelwa ngokweemfuno zezityalo.

4. Ukuvunwa kommoba: ubuchule kunye noomatshini abasetyenziswayo

Ukuvunwa kommoba Yinkqubo isitshixo kwimveliso yeswekile kunye nezinye byproducts. Ukwenza lo msebenzi ngokufanelekileyo, iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye noomatshini abakhethekileyo basetyenziswa. Ngokulandelayo, izixhobo eziphambili neendlela ezisetyenziswa xa kuvunwa iswekile kuya kuchazwa ngokweenkcukacha.

Obona buchule buxhaphakileyo kukutshiswa ngokulawulwayo kwamasimi eswekile ngaphambi kokuvuna. Esi senzo sineengenelo ezininzi, njengokususa amagqabi nohlaza olungafunwayo, ukunciphisa ixesha lokuvuna, nokwenza kube lula ukugawula umoba. Oomatshini ababizwa ngokuba zizitshisi basetyenziselwa ukubasa imililo ngendlela elawulwayo emasimini.

Inyathelo elilandelayo kukusika iswekile. Ukuphumeza lo msebenzi, kusetyenziswa oomatshini ababizwa ngokuba ngabavuni beswekile. Aba matshini baxhotyiswe ngeencakuba kunye neerola ezisike induku kumphakamo ofanelekileyo zize ziwubeke kwiinqwelo ezirhuqwayo okanye kwiilori zokuthutha. Wakuba ummoba uqokelelwe, uthathwa usiwe kumzi-mveliso wokulungisa ukuze uguqulwe ube yiswekile okanye ezinye iimveliso ezifunyenweyo. Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba ukugawulwa kommoba kufuneka kwenziwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela.

Ngamafutshane, ukuvunwa kommoba kufuna ubuchule obukhethekileyo kunye noomatshini bokwenza umsebenzi indlela esebenzayo. Ukutshiswa kwamasimi okulawulwayo phambi kokuvuna kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemidibaniso ziindlela ezimbini ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kolu shishino. Ezi zenzo zisivumela ukuba songeze inkqubo yokuqokelela kwaye siqinisekise umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela.

5. Ukuthuthwa kunye nokulungiswa kommoba kumzi-mveliso weswekile

Le yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela. Amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukwenza lo msebenzi aya kuchazwa ngezantsi. ngempumelelo:

1. Ukuthuthwa kommoba: Ummoba umele uqokelelwe entsimini uze usiwe kumzi-mveliso ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze ungawohloki. Kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe iilori ezinomthamo owaneleyo wokuthutha izixa ezikhulu zemoba. ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba neziseko zoncedo ezaneleyo kumzi-mveliso ukuze kufunyanwe nokothula ummoba ngokufanelekileyo.

2. Ukulungiswa kommoba: Wakuba ummoba ufikile kumzi-mveliso, kufuneka kuqhutywe uthotho lweenkqubo zokuwulungisa ngaphambi kokuba ulungiswe. Oku kuquka ukuhlanjululwa, okubandakanya ukwahlula imicu kummoba, kunye nokucoca, ukususa ubumdaka obunjengobumdaka namatye. La manyathelo aqhutywa kusetyenziswa oomatshini abakhethekileyo abafana neeshredders kunye nezikrini.

6. Ukukhutshwa kwejusi yeswekile: iindlela kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo

Ukukhutshwa kwejusi yeswekile yinkqubo esisiseko kwimveliso yeswekile kunye nezinye izinto eziphuma kuyo. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza lo msebenzi ngokufanelekileyo. Kweli candelo, iindlela eziphambili kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa xa kutsalwa incindi yeswekile ziya kuchazwa.

Enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokufumana incindi yeswekile kukugaya. Le nkqubo iquka ukusebenzisa amandla omatshini kwimoba ukuqhekeza iiseli kunye nokukhulula ijusi. Ukusila kunokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-roller mills okanye i-hammer mills. Ii-roller Mills zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini leswekile, kuba zivumela ukufumana a ukusebenza okuphezulu ekutsalweni kwejusi.

Ngaphandle kokusila, zikho ezinye iindlela zokutsala incindi yommoba, njengokuyisasaza nokucofa. Ukusasazwa kubandakanya ukuntywiliselwa kommoba emanzini ashushu ukukhupha incindi. Kwelinye icala, ukucinezela kwenziwa ngokufaka uxinzelelo kwimoba ukuze ufumane ijusi. Zombini ukusasazwa kunye nokucinezela kufuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, ezifana ne-diffusers kunye noxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic, ngokulandelelanayo.

7. Ukucaciswa kunye nokucocwa kwejusi yommoba: ukususwa kokungcola

Ukucaciswa kunye nokucocwa kwejusi yommoba yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokuphelisa ukungcola kunye nokufumana imveliso ephezulu. Ngezantsi ngamanyathelo aneenkcukacha zokuqhuba le nkqubo.

1. Ukuhluzwa kokuqala: Ijusi yommoba ihluzwa okokuqala ukuze isuse amasuntswana amakhulu kunye nokungcola okubonakalayo. Eli nyathelo linokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izihluzi zemesh ezintle okanye iisefu ezikhethekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ijusi ihluzwa ngokulinganayo ngeziphumo ezilungileyo.

2. Unyango nge-coagulants: Ukuphelisa ukungcola okuxhonywe kwijusi yeswekile, i-coagulant isetyenziswa. Oku kunceda amasuntswana ukuba ahlangane kunye kwaye enze iiflocs ezinkulu, okwenza kube lula ukususa kamva. Iicoagulants ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka i-iron okanye i-aluminium salts. Kucetyiswa ukuba ulandele imiyalelo yomenzi ukumisela inani elifanelekileyo le-coagulant yokusebenzisa.

8. Ugxininiso kunye nokuphuphuma kwejusi yeswekile: inkqubo yoxinaniso

Ukugxininiswa kunye nokuphuma komphunga kwencindi yeswekile yinkqubo ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kweswekile kunye nezinye iimveliso zommoba. Le nkqubo ijolise ekukhupheni amanzi kwincindi yeswekile, nto leyo ekhokelela kulwelo oluxineneyo olutyebileyo kwiswekile. Okulandelayo, inkqubo yoxinaniso iya kuchazwa Inyathelo nenyathelo.

1. Ukuhluzwa: Ijusi yeswekile ifunyanwa ngokusila umoba. Nangona kunjalo, le jusi iqulethe ukungcola kunye nezinto eziqinileyo ekufuneka zisuswe ngaphambi kokuqala inkqubo yoxinaniso. Ukwenza oku, ijusi iyahluzwa ngezihluzi zelaphu okanye iicinezeli ukwahlula ukungcola kwaye ufumane ulwelo olucocekileyo.

2. Ukufudumeza: Yakuba ihluziwe, incindi yommoba ifudunyezwa kwizifudumezi. Ezi zivuzi zisebenzisa umphunga kunye nobushushu ukutshisa ijusi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amanzi akhoyo ajike abe ngumphunga. Umphunga oveliswa ngexesha lale nkqubo usetyenziswa njengomthombo wamandla ukugcina ubushushu obufanelekileyo kunye nobushushu kwizitshizi zomphunga. Njengoko amanzi eba ngumphunga, incindi iyancipha kwaye ifumana ukuxinana okukhulu kunye nomxholo weswekile.

9. ICrystallization yeswekile: ukusuka kwijusi ukuya kwiglasi

I-Sugar crystallization yinkqubo ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni iswekile esulungekileyo kwijusi yommoba. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukubunjwa kweekristale ze-sucrose eziqinileyo ezivela kwisisombululo seswekile engaphezulu. Ngezantsi ngamanyathelo aphambili okuqhuba icrystallization yeswekile ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo.

1. Ukulungiswa kwejusi yommoba: Ukuqala inkqubo ye-crystallization, kuyafuneka ukuba ufumane isisombululo seswekile e-supersaturated kwijusi yommoba. Le jusi kufuneka idlule kuthotho lonyango lomzimba kunye neekhemikhali ukuphelisa ukungcola kunye nokugxila kwi-sucrose.

2. Ukuqulunqwa kwe-crystallization nuclei: Emva kokuba isisombululo se-supersaturated iswekile sifunyenwe, kuyimfuneko ukuzisa i-crystallization nuclei ukuqalisa ukubunjwa kweekristale. Oku Inokufezekiswa ngokugalela intwana yeswekile eyikristale okanye ngokugalela izinto ezifana nembewu yeswekile okanye umgubo weswekile.

10. Ukwahlula kunye nokomisa iikristale zeswekile: inyathelo lokugqibela kwimveliso

Inkqubo yokwahlula kunye nokomisa iikristale zeswekile yinqanaba lokugqibela kwimveliso yeswekile ecocekileyo. Esi sigaba sibalulekile ukufumana imveliso yokugqibela ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye nobunyulu. Ngezantsi ngamanyathelo ayimfuneko ukwenza le nkqubo ngokufanelekileyo nangempumelelo:

1. Ukwahlukana: Inyathelo lokuqala kukwahlula iikristale zeswekile kulwelo olushiyekileyo. Yi le inokufezekisa ngokuhluzwa okanye ukugxilwa kwe-centrifugation. Kwimeko yokucoca, isihluzo esikhethekileyo sisetyenziselwa ukugcina iikristale ngelixa uvumela ulwelo ukuba ludlule. Kwi-centrifugation, amandla e-centrifugal asetyenziselwa ukwahlula iikristale zeswekile kulwelo ngokujikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu.
2. Ukomisa: Zakuba zahluliwe, iikristale zeswekile ziye zomiswe ukuze zisuse nakuphi na ukufuma okushiyekileyo. Zininzi iindlela zokomisa ezifumanekayo, ezinjengokomisa umoya oshushu okanye ukomisa ibhedi emanzi. Ekomisweni komoya oshushu, iikristale zeswekile zisesichengeni somoya oshushu ukuze zikhuphe ukufuma. Kwelinye icala, kwibhedi eyomiswa ngamanzi, iikristale zeswekile zixhonywa kumoya oshushu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kukhawuleze ukomiswa.
3. Ulawulo lwemeko: Nje ukuba iikristale zeswekile zohlulwe zaze zomiswa, kubalulekile ukuba kuqhutywe ulawulo olubanzi lomgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho efunekayo. Oku kubandakanya ukuvavanya ubunyulu, ukufuma kunye nobungakanani bamasuntswana, phakathi kwezinye. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo ziya kugqiba ukuba iikristali zeswekile zifanelekile ukuthengisa okanye ukuba zifuna uhlengahlengiso olongezelelweyo.

Isishwankathelo, ukwahlukana kunye nokomiswa kweekristale zeswekile kuyisinyathelo sokugqibela kwimveliso yeshukela ecocekileyo. Yinkqubo ebalulekileyo ukufumana imveliso yokugqibela ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye nobunyulu. Ngokulandela la manyathelo akhankanywe ngasentla kunye nokulawula umgangatho ongqongqo, unokuqinisekisa ukuveliswa kweswekile ephezulu.

11. Ukucokiswa kweswekile: ukususwa kwemolasses kunye nobunye ukungcola

Ukucocwa kweswekile yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokususa ukungcola kunye nemolasses efumaneka kwiswekile eluhlaza. Ngezantsi ngamanyathelo ayimfuneko ukwenza le nkqubo:

1. Inqanaba 1: Ukucoca iswekile ekrwada.
   Kweli nqanaba, kuyimfuneko ukucoca iswekile ekrwada ukususa ukungcola okurhabaxa. Oomatshini abakhethekileyo basetyenziselwa ukwahlula ukungcola kwiswekile, ukuyishiya icocekile kwaye ilungele inyathelo elilandelayo.
2. Inqanaba 2: Inkqubo yokucacisa.
   Ukususa i-molasses kunye nokungcola okulungileyo, inkqubo yokucacisa isetyenziswa. Kule nkqubo, iswekile ekrwada iyanyibilika emanzini ashushu kwaye i-lime yongezwa. Oku kunceda ukususa iikhompawundi ezingafunekiyo kunye nokucacisa ulwelo olubangelwayo.
3. Inqanaba lesi-3: Ukuhluzwa kunye nekristali.
   Emva kokucaciswa, ulwelo olubangelwayo luyahluzwa ukuze lususe nakuphi na ukungcola okuseleyo. Emva koko, inkqubo ye-crystallization iyenzeka, apho iikristali ezicocekileyo zeswekile zenziwe.

Ngala manyathelo mathathu, kunokwenzeka ukufumana iswekile esulungekileyo ekumgangatho ophezulu, ngaphandle kwe-molasses kunye nobunye ukungcola. Kubalulekile ukulandela inyathelo ngalinye ngononophelo kwaye usebenzise izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezilungileyo.

12. Ukupakishwa kweswekile kunye nokuleyibhile: ukulungiselela ukuhanjiswa

Ukupakishwa kunye nokubhala iswekile yinkqubo ephambili yokuhanjiswa kwayo ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba umkhiqizo ufikelela kumthengi kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo, uchungechunge lwamanyathelo kunye nemimiselo emiselweyo kufuneka ilandelwe. Ngezantsi ziinkqubo eziyimfuneko ukwenza ukupakishwa kunye nokuleyibhelishwa kweswekile ngokuchanekileyo:

1. Ukukhethwa kunye nokulungiswa kwezinto zokupakisha: kubalulekile ukukhetha izitya ezifanelekileyo zeswekile, ezixhathisayo, ezingenamanzi kwaye azisebenzisi iikhemikhali kunye nemveliso. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa iplastiki okanye izikhwama zephepha kunye neengubo zangaphakathi. Ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, izikhongozeli kufuneka zicocwe kwaye zibulawe iintsholongwane ukuthintela nakuphi na ukungcoliseka.

2. Ukuzalisa izitya: emva kokuba izinto zokupakisha zilungiselelwe, siqhubela phambili ukuzalisa ngoshukela. Le nkqubo inokuqhutywa ngesandla okanye ngokuzenzekelayo, kuxhomekeke kumthamo wemveliso. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba izikhongozeli zizaliswe ukuya phezulu ezifanelekileyo, ukuphepha kokubili ukugqithisa kunye nokungabikho kwemveliso.

3. Ukuleyibhelishwa kwezikhongozeli: isikhongozeli ngasinye seswekile kufuneka sibe neleyibhile enika ulwazi olufanelekileyo kumthengi. Oku kufuneka kubandakanye igama lemveliso, inani leswekile equlethwe kwipakethe, umhla wokuphelelwa yisikhathi, kunye naluphi na ulwazi olusemthethweni okanye lwesondlo olufunwa ngumthetho wangoku. Kubalulekile ukuba ileyibhile ibonakale ngokucacileyo, ifundeke kwaye ibambelele nkqi kwisingxobo.

Ukupakishwa kunye nokuleyibhelishwa kweswekile yinto eqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lokutya kwemveliso. Ukulandela iinkqubo ezimiselweyo kunye nemimiselo, ukuhanjiswa okwaneleyo kunye nokuchongwa okulula kwabathengi kuqinisekiswa. Khumbula ukuba ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yendawo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisemgangathweni zizinto ezibalulekileyo kule nkqubo.

13. Ukulawulwa komgangatho weswekile: uhlalutyo kunye novavanyo lokuqinisekisa ukucoceka

Ukulawulwa komgangatho weswekile yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukucoceka kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela. Ukwenza olu lawulo, kuyimfuneko ukwenza uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo kwaye wenze iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo. Ngezantsi ngamanyathelo ayimfuneko ukwenza ulawulo olululo lweswekile:

1. Iisampulu: Inyathelo lokuqala kukuthatha iisampulu ezimele iswekile. Ezi sampuli zithathwa kwiibhetshi ezahlukeneyo kwaye zixutywe ukufumana isampuli elinganayo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iisampulu zithathwa ngokungenamkhethe kwaye zimele ngokuthembekileyo imveliso yokugqibela.

2. Uhlalutyo lomzimba: Nje ukuba iisampulu zifunyenwe, uhlalutyo lomzimba luyenziwa ukumisela imiba efana nobungakanani beenkozo, umbala kunye nokufuma kweswekile. Olu hlalutyo lwenziwa kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo, ezinjengeemicroscopes kunye nemitha yokufuma. Iziphumo ezifunyenwe kweli nqanaba zibalulekile ukuvavanya umgangatho weswekile.

3. Uvavanyo lwemichiza: Ukongeza kuhlalutyo lomzimba, iimvavanyo zeekhemikhali ziyenziwa ukumisela ukuxinwa kwe-sucrose kunye nezinye iikhompawundi ezikhoyo kwiswekile. Olu vavanyo lwenziwa kusetyenziswa ubuchule obufana nechromatography kunye ne-spectroscopy. Iziphumo ezifunyenwe kwezi mvavanyo zisivumela ukuba siqinisekise ukucoceka kweswekile kwaye siqinisekise ukuba ihlangabezana nemigangatho emiselweyo.

14. Imiba yokusingqongileyo yokuveliswa kweswekile kunye namanyathelo okuzinza

Ukuveliswa kweswekile yishishini elinokuthi libe nempembelelo enkulu kwi okusingqongileyo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwalo msebenzi, kubalulekile ukuphumeza imilinganiselo yokunciphisa le mpembelelo. Ngezantsi kukho amanyathelo anokuthi athathwe ukulungisa imiba yokusingqongileyo yemveliso yeswekile:

• Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngendlela eyiyo: Ukuveliswa kweswekile kufuna amanzi amaninzi ukuze kulinywe umoba. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iindlela ezisebenzayo zokunkcenkceshela kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngenkathalo kumasimi ommoba.
• Ukukhuthazwa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo: Inkqubo yokuvelisa iswekile idla amandla amaninzi. Ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, iinkqubo zokuvelisa amandla avuselelekayo zingaphunyezwa, njengokufakwa kweepaneli zelanga okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-biomass njengomthombo wamandla.
• Ulawulo olululo lwenkunkuma: Ngexesha lokuveliswa kweswekile, kuveliswa inkunkuma eyahlukeneyo, njenge-bagasse yemoba kunye ne-vinasse. Ezi ntsalela zinokuchaphazela kakubi indlela eyiyo ukuba azilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuphumeza unyango kunye neenkqubo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe kule nkunkuma ukunciphisa impembelelo yayo yokusingqongileyo.

Ukwamkelwa kwala manyathelo kuya kuba negalelo ekuzinzeni kwemveliso yeswekile, ukunciphisa impembelelo yayo yendalo kunye nokukhuthaza ishishini elinoxanduva. Ngokunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza uphando kunye nophuhliso lobuchwepheshe obutsha obuvumela ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuzinza kweli candelo ukuba kuphuculwe ngokuqhubekayo.

Kule nqaku, sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha inkqubo yendlela iswekile eyenziwa ngayo. Ukususela ekutyalweni nasekuvuneni kommoba ukuya ekusulungekisweni nasekuxutyweni kwekristale kwimveliso yokugqibela, isigaba ngasinye sichazwe ngononophelo. Sifundile ngokubaluleka koomatshini abakhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kumasimi ommoba nakwimizi-mveliso yokucoca. Ukongezelela, siye saxubusha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeswekile kunye nezicelo zazo eziqhelekileyo. Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi lunikeze ukuqonda okucacileyo kunye nokuchanekileyo malunga nendlela iswekile eveliswa ngayo, isinceda siqonde wonke umsebenzi kunye nokunyamekela okubandakanyekayo kule nkqubo. Njengoko siqhubeka sisonwabela le nto isisiseko seswekile kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, masikhumbule inkqubo yobugcisa entsonkothileyo emva kokhozo ngalunye lweswekile olufikelela kwiitafile zethu.