Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, ukusetyenziswa kweekhompyutha kuye kwaba yinto ebalulekileyo kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bemihla ngemihla.. Ukusuka kwimisebenzi elula efana nokukhangela i-intanethi, ukuya kwimisebenzi entsonkothileyo njengokuhlela iividiyo okanye ukuyila uyilo lomzobo, izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zibalulekile ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezizezona zilungileyo. Noko ke, abaninzi abayazi inkqubo yokwakha. ukusuka kwikhompyuter kwaye zilinganiselwe xa kuziwa ekukhetheni ukhetho olungcono kwiimfuno zabo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga inyathelo ngenyathelo indlela yokwenza iPC, ukubonelela ngolwazi lobugcisa kunye nokusebenza kwabo banomdla wokukhangela kwihlabathi elinomdla lokwakha izixhobo zekhompyutha.
Phambi kokuqalisa inkqubo yokwakha PC, kubalulekile ukuba icace injongo yokusetyenziswa kwayo. . Ukukhethwa kwamacandelo Iyakuxhomekeka kwiimfuno kunye nezinto ezikhethwa ngumsebenzisi. Kwabo bafuna kuphela ikhompyutha esisiseko kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla njengokukhangela kwi-Intanethi kunye nokubhala amaxwebhu, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhethe amacandelo omthamo ophantsi kunye nexabiso Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba ukhangele isixhobo esinamandla ngakumbi kwimisebenzi efuna njengoyilo lwegrafiki okanye udweliso lwenkqubo, amacandelo e ukusebenza okuphezulu. Chaza uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali Ikwayenye into ephambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe, njengoko oku kuya kuba nefuthe kokubini umgangatho kunye namandla. ukusuka kwi-PC.
Xa amacandelo ayimfuneko sele echaziwe, kufuneka ifunyanwe ngokusekelwe kwiinkcukacha zobugcisa ezifunekayo. Iprosesa yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo, kuba imisela isantya kunye nomthamo wokucubungula wesixhobo. Amanye amacandelo angundoqo a motherboard, Imemori ye-RAM, el I-hard drive kwaye ikhadi lemizobo. Kubalulekile ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuhambelana phakathi kwazo ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kwazo okuchanekileyo. Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphande kwaye uthelekise iibrendi ezahlukeneyo kunye neemodeli ukufumana ukhetho oluhambelana neemfuno kunye nezinto ezikhethwa ngumsebenzisi.
Xa onke amacandelo ekhoyo, lixesha lokuzihlanganisa. Ityala lekhompyuter Yindawo apho zonke izinto ziya kubakho kwaye kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba inendawo eyaneleyo, umoya omhle kunye nokusabalalisa ngokufanelekileyo kweentambo zokuthintela iingxaki kwixesha elizayo. Indibano yamacandelo ifuna ukulandela imiyalelo kunye neengcebiso ezibonelelwa ngabavelisi, kunye nokuqaphela ukuba ungonakalisi nayiphi na indawo ngexesha lenkqubo.
Ngamafutshane, ukwakha iPC a Kungabonakala ngathi yinkqubo eyoyikisayo kwabo bangaqhelananga nethekhnoloji okanye isigama sobugcisa, nangona kunjalo, ngolwazi oluchanekileyo kunye nezixhobo, kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa ikhompyuter ehambelana neemfuno kunye nezinto ezikhethwa ngumsebenzisi ngamnye. Kweli nqaku, siphonononge amanyathelo abalulekileyo ukwakha iPC, ukusuka ekukhetheni amacandelo ukuya kwindibano yokugqibela. Siyathemba ukuba esi sikhokelo sisebenzayo siya kuba luncedo kwabo banqwenela ukungena kwihlabathi lokudala iikhompyuter zesiko.
1. Iinkcukacha ezifunekayo ukwakha iPC
Ukwakha iPC, kubalulekile ukuba ube neenkcukacha eziyimfuneko. Okokuqala ukhetho lomprosesa Kubalulekile, njengoko iya kugqiba isantya kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhethe iprosesa yesizukulwana samva nje, nokuba ivela kwi-Intel okanye i-AMD, enenani elihle lee-cores kunye ne-frequency ephezulu. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuhambelana kwebhodi ye-motherboard kwaye ujonge isokhethi efunekayo.
Ngokubhekiselele kwi ibhodi yomama, kubalulekile ukukhetha enye ehlangabezana neemfuno ICPU kwaye uvumele ukwandiswa kwexesha elizayo kunye nohlaziyo. Kufuneka ube neendawo zokubeka eziyimfuneko zokwandiswa kwamakhadi emizobo, Imemori ye-RAM kunye nokugcinwa. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba inamazibuko e-USB aneleyo kunye nezihlanganisi ze-SATA.
Enye inkalo emayithathelwe ingqalelo Iimodyuli zememori ye-RAM, echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwenkqubo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhethe isantya esiphezulu kunye neemodyuli zomthamo, ezihambelana nomthamo omkhulu oxhaswa yi-motherboard. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukujonga uhlobo lwe-RAM esetyenzisiweyo, njengoko oku kuya kuchaphazela ukuhambelana namanye amacandelo.
2. Ukukhethwa kwamacandelo afanelekileyo
Ngeli xesha kwinkqubo yokwakha i-PC, kubalulekile ukukhetha amacandelo afanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo. Ukukhetha amacandelo afanelekileyo kuya kuqinisekisa ukuhambelana, ukuzinza, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwekhompyuter yethu yesiko.
Inkqubo: Iprosesa yingqondo yePC yethu, ke ngoko, ukukhetha eyona ilungileyo kubalulekile. Kufuneka siphande kwaye sithelekise iimodeli ezahlukeneyo, sithathela ingqalelo inani leentsimbi, isantya sewotshi, i-cache kunye neteknoloji yokuvelisa. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela uhlobo lwesokethi exhaswa yi-motherboard yethu ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyahambelana.
Ibhodi yomama: Ukukhetha i-motherboard efanelekileyo kubalulekile, kuba oku kuya kuba sisiseko sekhompyutheni yethu. Kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo uhlobo lwesokhethi yeprosesa, inani le-RAM slots, izibuko ze-USB, iindawo zokubeka kunye nomthamo ogqithisiweyo. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwebhodi yomama oluya kulungela iimfuno zethu, njengenye elungiselelwe umdlalo okanye eyenzelwe usetyenziso lokuhlela ividiyo.
I-RAM: I-RAM ibalulekile ekusebenzeni okugqibeleleyo kwePC njengoko igcina okwethutyana idatha kunye neenkqubo ezisetyenziswayo. Kufuneka siqwalasele umthamo kunye nesantya se-RAM ngokweemfuno zethu kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olukhoyo. Kubalulekile ukuba sithathele ingqalelo uhlobo lwememori exhaswa yi-motherboard yethu, njenge-DDR4 okanye i-DDR3, kunye nenani leemodyuli esinokuzifaka ukuze siphucule ukusebenza kwePC yethu.
3. Ukufakela ibhodi yomama kunye CPU
Kweli candelo, siya kufunda indlela yokufaka ngokufanelekileyo i-motherboard kunye ne-CPU kwi-PC yethu. La macandelo amabini asisiseko ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zethu kwaye kubalulekile ukwenza la manyathelo ngononophelo nangokuchanekileyo.
Inyathelo lokuqala kukufumana indawo isiseko sebhodi yomama kwi-PC chassis. Le sokethi sisidibanisi esiza kuvumela udibaniso lwe-CPU kunye nebhodi yomama. Nje ukuba ifunyenwe, masiqinisekise ukuyilungisa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye siqinisekise ukuba ibekwe ngokuqinileyo. Emva koko, siya kuqhubeka nokususa ukhuseleko lweplastiki CPU socket.
Okulandelayo, lixesha lokufakela i ICPU kwisokethi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuqhelaniswa okuchanekileyo kwe-CPU kwaye ulungelelanise ngononophelo kunye nesokhethi. Nje ukuba ilungelelaniswe, ngononophelo olukhulu, yehlisa i-socket lever ukukhusela i-CPU endaweni. Masiqinisekise ukuba iCPU ibekwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ikhuselwe kwisokethi.
Nje ukuba ufakelo lwe-CPU lugqityiwe, masiqhubeke nokubekwa kwe ibhodi yomama. Masiqinisekise ukuba onke amazibuko akwimotherboard adibana nemingxuma kwi-PC chassis. Nje ukuba silungelelanisiwe, masisebenzise izikrufu eziza nesiseko sepleyiti ukuyikhusela ngokuqinileyo kwi-chassis. Kubalulekile ukuba ungagxininisi izikrufu, njengoko oku kunokonakalisa i-motherboard. Okokugqibela, masiqhagamshele zonke iintambo eziyimfuneko kwi-motherboard, njengeentambo zamandla, iintambo zeSATA, kunye neentambo zomsindo.
4. Ukudityaniswa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zehardware
Uqhagamshelwano lombane: Inyathelo lokuqala lokudibanisa amacandelo ahlukeneyo ehardware kukuqinisekisa ukuba unomthombo wamandla owaneleyo. Oku kudibanisa kwi-motherboard usebenzisa iintambo ezihambelanayo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umbane uhambelana nawo onke amacandelo aya kusetyenziswa, ngokuqwalasela i-voltage efunekayo kunye nenani lokudibanisa okukhoyo. Uqhagamshelo olungalunganga lonikezelo lwamandla lunokubangela iingxaki zokusebenza okanye lude lonakalise amacandelo.
Ukufakela i-motherboard: Nje ukuba unikezelo lwamandla luqhagamshelwe, lixesha lokufakela i-motherboard. Oku kubekwe ngaphakathi kwekhabhathi kwaye ikhuselwe ngezikrufu kwiindawo ezibonisiweyo zokulungisa. Ngaphambi kokubeka i-motherboard, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba imingxuma yokukhwela ihambelana naleyo ekwityala. Xa sele ifakiwe, iintambo ezisuka kumbane ziqhagamshelwe kwaye uqhagamshelo luyajongwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba luqinile.
Ukudityaniswa kwamanye amacandelo: Nje ukuba i-motherboard ifakiwe, amanye amacandelo e-hardware aqhagamshelwe. Oku kubandakanya i-RAM, efakwe kwiindawo zokubeka ezihambelanayo kwi-motherboard, ngokulandela imiyalelo yomenzi. Emva koko, iintambo ezivela kwi-hard drive kunye nezixhobo zokugcina, ezifana ne-SSD okanye i-optical drives, zixhunyiwe. Ekugqibeleni, iintambo ze-peripheral zixhunyiwe, njengebhodibhodi, imouse kunye ne-monitor Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yomenzi kwimeko nganye, ukuphepha iingxaki zokuhambelana okanye ukudibanisa okungalunganga.
Isishwankathelo, i-PC yinkqubo esisiseko yokusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kwesixhobo. Imiba enjengokuhambelana kokunikezelwa kwamandla, ukufakwa ngokuchanekileyo kwebhodi le-motherboard kunye nokudibanisa okufanelekileyo kwamanye amacandelo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Ngokulandela imiyalelo yomenzi kunye nokuqinisekisa uxhulumaniso ngalunye, unokuqinisekisa indibano yePC eyimpumelelo.
5. Inkqubo yokusebenza kunye nezicwangciso zabaqhubi
Uqwalaselo lwe inkqubo yokusebenza kunye nabaqhubi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokwakha yePC. Nje ukuba udibaniso olubonakalayo lwamacandelo lugqityiwe, lixesha lokuzisa inkqubo ebomini. Kweli candelo, ndiya kukukhokela kumanyathelo ayimfuneko ukuqwalasela ngokufanelekileyo Inkqubo yokusebenza kunye nabalawuli.
Inyathelo 1: Ukufakela Inkqubo yokusebenza
Inyathelo lokuqala kukufaka inkqubo yokusebenza kwiPC yakho. Ukwenza oku, uya kufuna idisk yokufakela okanye i-flash drive enefayile yokufakela. Faka idiski okanye i-flash drive kwidrayivu ehambelanayo kwaye uqalise kwakhona iPC yakho. Ngexesha lokuqalisa, kuya kufuneka uye kwiiSetingi zeBoot ukuze uqiniseke ukuba iPC ikhangela imidiya yokufaka kuqala. Landela imiyalelo ekwisikrini ukugqiba ufakelo lwesixokelelwano sokusebenza. Nje ukuba ifakwe, qalisa kwakhona iPC yakho kwaye uqalise ukonwabela inkqubo yakho entsha.
Inyathelo 2: Ukuhlaziya inkqubo yokusebenza
Nje ukuba ifakelwe inkqubo yokusebenza, kubalulekile ukuyihlaziya iye kuhlobo lwamva nje ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwePC yakho. Yiya kwisethingi yendlela yokusebenza kwaye ujonge ukhetho lohlaziyo. Cofa kuyo kwaye ulandele izikhokelo zokukhuphela kwaye ufake naluphi na uhlaziyo olukhoyo. Khumbulaukuphinda uqalise iPC yakho emva ukufakauhlaziyo ukuze utshintsho lusebenze.
Inyathelo 3: Ukufakwa komqhubi
Abaqhubi ziiprogram ezivumela inkqubo yokusebenza kunye ne-hardware ukusuka kwi-pc yakho nxibelelana omnye nomnye. Kubalulekile ukuqiniseka ukuba unabaqhubi abafanelekileyo abafakelweyo kwicandelo ngalinye lePC yakho. Ungafumana abaqhubi be iiwebhsayithi ukusuka kubenzi becandelo okanye ngediski yofakelo ebandakanyiweyo. Nje ukuba ukhuphele abaqhubi abayimfuneko, sebenzisa iifayile zokufakela kwaye ulandele imiyalelo ekwisikrini. Qiniseka ukuba uqalise kwakhona iPC yakho emva kofakelo ngalunye ukuze abaqhubi balayishe ngokuchanekileyo.
6. Ukulungiswa kwe-BIOS kunye noqwalaselo
I-BIOS (INkqubo yokuPhumayo eyiSiseko) yi-firmware efunyenwe kwimotherboard yekhompyuter kwaye inoxanduva lokwenza imisebenzi esisiseko yehardware ngexesha lokuqalisa inkqubo. Lo ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo wokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwePC yakho Nanga amanye amanyathelo aphambili ukwenza lo msebenzi.
Uhlaziyo lwe-BIOS: Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ugcine i-BIOS yakho ihlaziywa ukuze uqinisekise ukuba unokuphuculwa kwesoftware kunye nolungiso. Ukwenza oku, ndwendwela iwebhusayithi yomenzi webhodi yakho kwaye ukhuphele inguqulelo yamva nje yeBIOS. Landela imiyalelo enikiweyo ukwenza uhlaziyo ngokukhuselekileyo.
Iisetingi zamandla: I-BIOS ikuvumela ukuba uqwalasele iinketho zamandla ezahlukeneyo ezinokwandisa ukusebenza kwePC yakho. Ezinye zezi zikhetho ziquka ukulungisa isantya solawulo lwefeni, ulawulo lokulala, kunye nokonga amandla. Qiniseka ukuba uphonononga kwaye uhlengahlengise ezi parameters ngokweemfuno zakho kunye nezinto ozikhethayo.
Ubumbeko lwendlela yokuqalisa: I-BIOS ikuvumela ukuba usete i-odolo ye-boot yezixhobo zokugcina, ezifana hard drive okanye iCD/DVD drive. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yeebhutsi ukusuka kwisixhobo esifanelekileyo ukuphepha iingxaki zokuqalisa. Ukuphonononga kwaye uqwalasele umyalelo we-boot kwicandelo elihambelanayo le-BIOS.
Khumbula usoloko usenza utshintsho kwi-BIOS ngononophelo kwaye ulandela imiyalelo yomenzi. I-BIOS eqwalaselwe kakubi inokuba nefuthe elibi ekusebenzeni kunye nozinzo lwePC yakho. Ukuba awuqinisekanga malunga nokwenza useto oluphambili kwi-BIOS, kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane neengcali zekhompyuter. Ngoseto oluchanekileyo, unokwandisa ukusebenza kwePC yakho kwaye ukonwabele amava akhawulezayo nafanelekileyo.
7. UVavanyo lokuSebenza kwePC kunye nokuxilongwa
Nje ukuba iPC idityanisiwe kwaye iqwalaselwe, kubalulekile ukwenza uvavanyo olubanzi ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwayo. Ezi mvavanyo zivumela ukuchonga iingxaki ezinokwenzeka kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo. Ngezantsi luvavanyo oluphambili ekufuneka lwenziwe:
1. Uvavanyo lozinzo: Olu vavanyo lunoxanduva lokuvavanya ukukwazi kwenkqubo ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo nangokuzinzileyo phantsi kwemithwalo enzima. Kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezibeka uxinzelelo kwiPC, ezinjengokuqhuba iinkqubo ezisebenza ngamandla, imidlalo, okanye unikezelo lwemisebenzi. Ngeli xesha lovavanyo, amacandelo abekwe esweni ukuchonga nakuphi na ukungahambi kakuhle, njengokutshisa kakhulu okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle.
2. Uvavanyo lokusebenza: Olu vavanyo lugxile ekuvavanyeni amandla ePC ngokwesantya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Izixhobo zokulinganisa zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukusebenza kweprosesa, ikhadi lemizobo, imemori, kunye ne-hard drive, phakathi kwamanye amacandelo. Ezi mpawu zithelekisa iziphumo ezifunyenweyo kunye nemigangatho yereferensi kwaye zibonelela ngamanqaku avumela ukuba uvavanye ukusebenza okuhambelanayo kwenkqubo.
3. Ukuxilongwa kwe-Hardware: Eli nqanaba liyimfuneko ukukhangela iingxaki zehardware ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwePC. Izixhobo zokuxilonga zisetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya amacandelo ngabanye, ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo okuchanekileyo. Ezi mvavanyo zisivumela ukuba sichonge ukuba naliphi na icandelo, elifana ne-RAM, i-hard drive okanye ikhadi lemizobo, linokusilela okanye iziphazamiso ekusebenzeni kwayo. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na ingxaki efunyenweyo, amanyathelo ayimfuneko anokuthathwa ukuyisombulula, njengokutshintsha indawo yecandelo eliphosakeleyo okanye ukuhlaziya abaqhubi abahambelanayo.
Ukwenza iimvavanyo kunye nokuxilongwa kokusebenza kwePC kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo okuchanekileyo kunye nokuphepha iingxaki ezizayo. Ezi mvavanyo zikuvumela ukuba uchonge iingxaki ezinokwenzeka kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo. Ungalibali ukuba isixhobo sikwimeko epheleleyo kuya kukunika ulwelo kunye namava obanelisayo omsebenzisi.
8. Ukugcinwa kwePC kunye nokunyamekela
Ulondolozo lwePC oluthintelwayo
Ukugcinwa kwePC kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo okuchanekileyo kunye nokwandisa ubomi bayo obuluncedo ukucoca rhoqo uthuli oluqokelelwe kumalungu angaphakathi. Ukwenza oku, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise umoya ocinezelweyo kwaye ugweme ukusetyenziswa kwe-vacuum cleaners, njengoko oku kunokuvelisa i-static eyingozi kwiisekethe Kwakhona kubalulekile. khangela kwaye ucoce abalandeli ukunqanda ukushisa okugqithisileyo kwe PC. Enye inkalo ephambili yile ukuhlaziya inkqubo yokusebenza kunye neenkqubo rhoqo, njengoko uhlaziyo luhlala lubandakanya ukuphuculwa kokhuseleko kunye nokulungiswa kwebug.
Ukugcinwa kwePC echanekileyo
Ukuba kukho iingxaki ekusebenzeni kwePC, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ukulungiswa kokulungisa. Enye yezenzo eziqhelekileyo yi khangela uqhagamshelwano kunye neentambo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziplagwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye azonakaliswa. Ukuba iPC iyaqhubeka nokuqalisa kwakhona, ilungile khangela ubushushu beCPU kwaye ucoce isinki yobushushu ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ukuba i-PC ayivuli, inokuba yingxaki ngonikezelo lwamandla, ngoko kuyacetyiswa yizame ngenye iPC okanye uyibuyisele ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ngokufanayo, ibalulekile yenza iikopi zokugcina Ukubekwa esweni rhoqo kweyona datha ibaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela ilahleko kwimeko yokusilela ihadi Drayivu okanye elinye icandelo elibalulekileyo.
Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo zePC zoNonophelo
Ukongeza ekwenzeni ukugcinwa rhoqo, kukho eminye imiba ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ku khathalela iPC. Ngokomzekelo, ibalulekile kunqanda ukufaka iinkqubo ezingaziwayo okanye kwimithombo engathembekanga, kuba zinokuqulatha i-malware okanye iintsholongwane ezonakalisa ukusebenza kwekhompyuter. Enye ingcebiso eluncedo sebenzisa i-antivirus kunye ne-firewall ihlaziywe ukukhusela iPC yakho kwizisongelo zangaphandle. Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa musa ukuyivala iPC ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ngalo lonke ixesha sebenzisa indlela yokuvalwa kwendlela yokusebenza. Ekugqibeleni, ilungile musa ukulayisha ngaphezulu i-hard drive ngeefayile ezingeyomfuneko kunye neenkqubo, njengoko oku kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwePC.
NdinguSebastián Vidal, injineli yekhompyuter ethanda itekhnoloji kunye ne-DIY. Ngaphaya koko, ndingumdali we tecnobits.com, apho ndabelana ngee-tutorials ukwenza itekhnoloji ifikeleleke kwaye iqondeke kumntu wonke.