Ukumela isuntswana kwinkqubo yedijithali kubalulekile ekuqhubekeni kolwazi kwizixhobo zombane. Kancinci, eyona yunithi incinci yolwazi, ingaba nexabiso lika-0 okanye u-1 kumboniso wokubini. Indlela eqhelekileyo yokumela i-bit yi-voltage yombane, usebenzisa i-voltage ephezulu ukubonisa i-1 kunye ne-voltage ephantsi ukubonisa i-0. Esi siseko sebhinari sisisiseko sokusebenza kweekhomputha kunye ezinye izixhobo izinto zombane. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukumela kancinci nge-polarization yokukhanya, ubuchule obusetyenziswa kwizixhobo ezibonakalayo ezifana neCD kunye neeDVD zokuqhuba. Le mizekelo ibonisa ukubaluleka kwebit njengeyunithi esisiseko yolwazi kunye nokufaneleka kwayo emhlabeni yeteknoloji. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ngokweenkcukacha indlela amasuntswana amelwe ngayo kwezi nkqubo zedijithali.
1. Yintoni encinci kwaye kutheni ibalulekile kwiinkqubo zedijithali?
I-bit, emfutshane ye "digit binary", yiyunithi esisiseko yolwazi kwiinkqubo zedijithali. Imele imo yokuvula okanye yokuvala i-electronic switch kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuthumela nokugcina idatha kwifomathi yokubini. Ngamanye amazwi, isuntswana inokuba namaxabiso amabini anokwenzeka: 0 okanye 1.
I-bit ibalulekile kwiinkqubo zedijithali kuba isiseko salo lonke ulwazi olucutshungulwayo. kwikhompyutha. Yonke idatha, nokuba isicatshulwa, imifanekiso, iividiyo okanye naluphi na olunye uhlobo lolwazi, yahlulwe ibe ngamasuntswana ukuze isetyenziswe kwaye igcinwe. Kungumbulelo kumasuntswana esinako thumela imiyalezo kwi-intanethi, gcina iifayile kwisixhobo sethu okanye wenze imisebenzi yezibalo enzima. Ngaphandle kombono weebits, i-computing kunye neenkqubo zedijithali njengoko sizazi namhlanje azinakwenzeka.
Kwitekhnoloji yanamhlanje, iibhithi zihlanganiswe kwii-bytes, eziziseti ze-8 bits. Ii-bytes zisetyenziselwa ukumela abalinganiswa ababhaliweyo kunye nokuchaza umthamo wogcino lwezixhobo, ezifana ii-hard drive kunye neenkumbulo RAM. Ukongeza, ukusetyenzwa kwedatha kunye nomthamo wokudlulisa udla ngokuchazwa ngokuphindaphindwa kwee-bytes, ezifana neekhilobhayithi, iimegabhayithi, kunye neegigabhayithi.
Isishwankathelo, i-bit yiyunithi esisiseko yolwazi kwiinkqubo zedijithali. Ukubaluleka kwayo kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba yonke idatha imelwe kwaye iqhutywe ngamasuntswana. Ukuqonda ingqikelelo yeebhithi kubalulekile ekuqondeni indlela iinkqubo zedijithali ezisebenza ngayo kunye nendlela ulwazi olusetyenzwa ngayo kwaye lugcinwe kuzo.
2. Ukumelwa kokubini: ukuqonda amaxabiso 0 kunye no-1
Kwinkalo ye-computing, ukumelwa kwebhinari yinkqubo esisiseko yokuqonda indlela iikhomputha zanamhlanje zisebenza ngayo. Le nkqubo isekelwe ekusetyenzisweni kwamaxabiso amabini kuphela: i-0 kunye ne-1. Nangona ingabonakala ilinganiselwe, umboniso wokubini ubonakalise ukuba usebenza kakuhle kakhulu ekuqhubeni ulwazi.
Amaxabiso amabhinary amele amasuntswana, ayiyunithi esisiseko yolwazi kwiinkqubo zedijithali. Ngokudibanisa ii-zero kunye nezinye, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi zinokubonakaliswa, njengamanani, iileta, imibala, imifanekiso kunye nayiphi na enye idatha enokuthenjwa. Oku kuphunyezwa ngenkqubo yendawo, efana nedecimal system eneyunithi, amashumi, amakhulu, njl njl.
Ukuqonda ngcono indlela ukumelwa kokubini kusebenza ngayo, kuyanceda ukwazi ezinye izixhobo kunye neendlela ezenza lula ukuphatha kwayo. Enye yazo yitheyibhile yenyaniso, ebonisa zonke iziphumo ezinokwenzeka zomsebenzi onengqondo usebenzisa amaxabiso okubini. Ukongeza, kukho izixhobo zokubala ezikwi-intanethi ezikuvumela ukuba ufake amaxabiso kwaye wenze imisebenzi yokubini, oko kwenza kube lula ukufunda nokusombulula iingxaki ezinxulumene nokumelwa kokubini.
3. Ukubonakaliswa kwesuntswana ngombane wombane
Kwinkalo ye-computing, ii-bits ziyiyunithi ebalulekileyo yolwazi kwaye imelwe ngamandla ombane. I-bit ingaba nemilinganiselo emibini enokwenzeka: i-0 okanye i-1, ehambelana nokungabikho okanye ubukho bombane wombane, ngokulandelanayo.
Ukuze uqonde indlela oku kumelwa kwenziwa ngayo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba iisistim zedijithali zisebenzisa iisekethe ze-elektroniki ukuze zisebenzise kwaye zigcine ulwazi. Ezi zijikelezo zenzelwe ngendlela evumela ukuba ukuhamba kombane kulawulwe kwaye, ngoko ke, ubukho okanye ukungabikho kombane kwiindawo ezithile kwisekethe.
Ukumela i-bit, i-voltage ethile isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukubonisa ixabiso le-1 kunye ne-voltage eyahlukileyo ukumela ixabiso le-0. Ezi zixhobo ziyakwazi ukuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiteknoloji esetyenzisiweyo, kodwa umgaqo osisiseko uyafana: yabela amanqanaba ombane ahlukeneyo. ukwahlula phakathi kweemeko ezimbini ezinokwenzeka zentwana.
4. Isekethe yeDijithali: indlela amandla ombane asetyenziswa ngayo ukumela kancinci
Ukubonakaliswa kolwazi kwindawo yedijithali kuqhutyelwa ngokusetyenziswa kwee-bits, eziziyunithi zolwazi ezinokuthi zibe namaxabiso amabini anokuthi: 0 kunye ne-1. Ukufezekisa oku, umbane wombane usetyenziswa kwiisekethe zedijithali.
Kwisekethe yedijithali, amandla ombane asetyenziselwa ukumela amaxabiso amabini anokwenzeka kancinci. Ngokomzekelo, i-voltage ye-0 volts inokumiselwa ukuba imele ixabiso le-0, ngelixa i-voltage ye-5 imele ixabiso 1. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zombane ezifana ne-transistors, evumela ukuhamba kombane. ilawulwe kwisekethe.
Ukumela kancinci usebenzisa i-voltage yombane, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iisekethe ezinengqondo ezivumela ukulawula imeko yomqondiso wombane. Ezinye zeesekethe zengqiqo eziqhelekileyo ngamasango engqiqo, anje AND, OKANYE, kwaye NOT amasango. La masango asetyenziselwa ukudibanisa izibonakaliso ezahlukeneyo zombane kunye nokufumana imveliso emele umphumo wokusebenza okunengqiqo. Umzekelo, usebenzisa i-AND isango ungafumana imveliso yexabiso 1 kuphela xa omabini amagalelo eyi-1.
Isishwankathelo, kwisekethe yedijithali amandla ombane ombane asetyenziselwa ukumela kancinci, ukuseka amaxabiso ombane athile kumaxabiso amabini anokubakho kwibit. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zombane kunye neesekethe ze-logic ezilawula isimo somqondiso wombane.
5. I-polarization yokukhanya njengenye indlela yokumela kancinane
I-polarization yokukhanya ingasetyenziswa njengenye indlela esebenzayo yokumela kancinci kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. I-polarization ibhekiselele ekuqhelaniseni amaza okukhanya kwinqwelo-moya enikiweyo. Ngamagama alula, ukukhanya kwepolarized kunokubonwa njengothotho lwamaza ashukumayo kwicala elithile. Ngokuxhaphaza i-polarization yokukhanya, kunokwenzeka ukufaka ikhowudi yolwazi ngendlela yeebhithi.
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufezekisa i-polarization yokukhanya, enye yezona ziqhelekileyo kukusebenzisa izihluzo ze-polarizing. Ezi zihluzo ziyilelwe ukuvumela ukukhanya okungcangcazelayo kwicala elithile ukuba kudlule, ngelixa kuthintela ukukhanya ukungcangcazela kwelinye icala. Ngaloo ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukwenza umthombo wokukhanya owenziwe nge-polarized usebenzisa isihlungi se-polarizing kunye nomthombo wokukhanya ongekho-polarized, njenge-laser.
Emva kokuba i-polarization yokukhanya iphunyeziwe, kunokwenzeka ukumela kancinci ngokujikeleza indiza ye-polarization. Umzekelo, unokuseta i-polarization ethe tye ukumela i-bit "0" kunye ne-polarization ethe nkqo ukumela i-bit "1". Ukusebenzisa le ngqungquthela, kuyenzeka ukwenza i-polarized bit sequences ukuhambisa ulwazi. Le ndlela ingasetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokuhanjiswa kwedatha, unxibelelwano lwamehlo kunye ne-cryptography.
6. Izixhobo ze-Optical kunye nokubonakaliswa kweebhithi ngokusebenzisa imigodi kunye nemihlaba
Izixhobo zokukhanya zizinto ezingundoqo ekuboniseni amasuntswana kwimingxuma kunye nomhlaba kumajelo ogcino anjengeeCD, iiDVD kunye neediski zeBlu-ray. Ezi zixhobo zisebenzisa iteknoloji yelaser ukufunda nokubhala ulwazi olukhowudiweyo kula majelo eendaba.
Inkqubo iqala nge-encoding yedatha ngendlela yemigodi kunye nomhlaba phezu kwediski. Imingxuma yimingxuma emincinci kwidiski emele ixabiso lokubini u-0, ngelixa imihlaba iyimimandla ethe tyaba emele ixabiso lokubini 1.
Xa i-disc ifakwe kwisixhobo se-optical, i-laser-low-power laser isetyenziselwa ukufunda imigodi kunye namazwe. I-laser ikhanyisa umphezulu wediski kwaye ibonakalisa kwi-photosensor. Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni umgodi okanye umhlaba ufunyenwe, i-photosensor iya kuvelisa isignali yombane emele ixabiso lebhinari eligcinwe kuloo ndawo. Le nkqubo iphinda iphindwe ngokukhawuleza njengoko i-laser ihlola yonke indawo yediski ukuze ifunde idatha.
Isishwankathelo, izixhobo ze-optical ziyimfuneko yokumelwa kweebhithi ngokusebenzisa imigodi kunye nomhlaba kwimidiya yokugcina. Ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yelaser, ezi zixhobo ziyakwazi ukufunda nokubhala idatha ekhowudiweyo kumphezulu weediski. Le nkqubo iphunyezwa ngokufunyanwa kwe-depressions (imigodi) kunye neendawo ezithe tye (imihlaba) kwidiski, usebenzisa i-laser kunye ne-photosensor.
7. Ukubaluleka kwebit kugcino lwedatha kunye nokucubungula
Ukugcinwa kwedatha kunye nokusebenza kubalulekile kwixesha ledijithali esiphila kuyo. Enye yezinto ezingundoqo kwezi nkqubo yi iqhekeza, isishunqulelo esithi "inani yokubini" okanye idijithi yokubini. Intwana yeyona yunithi isisiseko yolwazi kwikhompyuter kwaye imele ixabiso lokubini, elinokuba ngu-0 okanye u-1.
Ukubaluleka kwebit kulele ekukwazini kwayo ukubethelela kunye nokuhambisa ulwazi ngokufanelekileyo. Kwiinkqubo zedijithali, ulwazi lumelwe luze lusetyenziswe kusetyenziswa imidibaniso yamanqatha. Umzekelo, iibits ezisi-8 zigcinwa kwi-byte, evumela uluhlu olubanzi lwamanani amanani kunye nabalinganiswa ukuba bamelwe.
I-bit ibalulekile ekuqondeni indlela idatha egcinwa kwaye iqhutywe ngayo kwizixhobo zombane. I-Bits ihlelwe kwizakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zokugcina, ezifana neerejista, amagama, kunye neebhloko zedatha. Ukongeza, iisekethe zedijithali zisebenzisa imisebenzi yeBoolean ukucubungula ulwazi oluqulethwe kwiibhithi, ukuvumela ukubala kwenziwe kunye neenkqubo ukuba ziqhube. indlela esebenzayo.
8. Ukumelwa kancinci kukuchaphazela njani ukusebenza kweekhompyuter kunye nee-smartphones?
Ukumelwa kancinci kunefuthe elisisiseko ekusebenzeni kweekhompyuter kunye nee-smartphones. Intwana yiyunithi esisiseko yolwazi kwezi zixhobo kwaye inokuthatha amaxabiso amabini: 0 okanye 1. Indlela la maxabiso mabini amelwe ngayo imisela ukuba ulwazi lugcinwa njani, luqhutywe kwaye luhanjiswe.
Iinkqubo zamanani kanambambili zisetyenziselwa ukumela kancinci. Ezi nkqubo zisekelwe kumagunya amabini, apho indawo nganye kwinani lokubini ihambelana namandla ka-2. Umzekelo, kwi-bit binary number, eyona ndawo isekunene imele u-8^2 (0), indawo elandelayo imele u-1. ^2 (1), elandelayo imele u-2^2 (2), njalo njalo. Oku kubonakaliswa kokubini kuvumela iikhompyuter kunye nee-smartphones ukuba zisebenzise kwaye zigcine ulwazi ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukubonakaliswa kwentwana kwi-hardware kwenziwa ngokubakho okanye ukungabikho komqondiso wombane. Ukuba kukho umqondiso wombane, utolikwa njengento encinci ngexabiso le-1; ukuba akukho mqondiso wombane, uchazwa njengento encinci ngexabiso le-0. Lo mboniso ufezekiswa ngokusetyenziswa kwee-transistors, ezinokuthi zisebenze njengezitshixo ezilawulwa ngombane ukuze zivumele okanye zithintele ukuhamba kombane. Iitransistors zilungelelaniswe kwiisekethe ezinengqondo ezenza imisebenzi esisiseko, njengokudibanisa kunye nokuphindaphinda, usebenzisa ukumelwa kancinci. Ngale ndlela, ukumelwa kancinci kukuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukubala kunye nomthamo wokusetyenzwa kweekhompyuter kunye nee-smartphones.
9. Izinto eziluncedo kunye nokungonakali kokumelwa usebenzisa umbane wombane
Kukho ezininzi iingenelo kunye nokungalungi ezinxulumene nokumelwa ngoxinzelelo lombane kwiinkqubo ze-electromechanical. Ezinye zazo ziya kuchazwa ngezantsi:
Iingenelo:
- Ukumelwa usebenzisa amandla ombane avumela ukuhanjiswa kwedatha okusebenzayo ngexesha langempela, ekubeni iimpawu zombane zikhawuleza kwaye zinokufikelela kwisantya esiphezulu.
- Yindlela echanekileyo kakhulu, enika imilinganiselo eneenkcukacha kunye nokubonakaliswa kwezinto eziguquguqukayo zoomatshini okanye ezibonakalayo ngokusetyenziswa kweenzwa ezifanelekileyo.
- Ukuguqulwa kunye nokuqhutyelwa kwezibonakaliso zombane zilula, zivumela i-algorithms kunye neendlela zokulawula ukuba ziphunyezwe ukuguqula nokulawula iiparitha ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo ze-electromechanical.
Iingxaki:
- Isibonisi sevoltheji sisesichengeni sophazamiseko lombane, njengengxolo kunye nokwahluka kweempawu ezingafunwayo, ezinokuchaphazela umgangatho wedatha okanye ukuchaneka komlinganiselo.
- Ukuphunyezwa kweenzwa kunye neenkqubo zokufumana idatha kunokubiza, ngakumbi kwizicelo ezifuna inani eliphezulu lamajelo okanye isisombululo esiphezulu sokulinganisa.
- Ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima benkqubo ye-electromechanical kunye nenani lezinto eziguquguqukayo eziza kumelwa, iziseko zeentambo kunye nokudibanisa kunokuba nzima kwaye kube nzima ukulawula, okunokunyusa amathuba okusilela kwenkqubo okanye iimpazamo.
10. Ukuphonononga usetyenziso lwepolarization yokukhanya kumelwa kancinci
I-polarization yokukhanya yinto esetyenzisiweyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicelo, ngakumbi kwintsimi yonxibelelwano kunye nokumelwa kancinci. Kule post, siza kuphonononga ezinye zezicelo ezinomdla kakhulu zokukhanya kwe-polarization kumela kancinci kunye nendlela enokusetyenziswa ngayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
Esinye sezicelo zokuqala ze-polarization yokukhanya ekubonakalisweni kwe-bit kukuhanjiswa kwedatha phezu kwemicu ye-optical. I-polarization yokukhanya isetyenziselwa ukubethelela ulwazi ngendlela ye-pulses yokukhanya kwe-polarized. Oku kuvumela ukuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwedatha, ekubeni amandla okuhanjiswa kwee-fibers optical asetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo.
Olunye usetyenziso olunomdla lwepolarization yokukhanya kwi-bit yokumelwa kukubuchwephesha be-LCD. I-polarization yokukhanya isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukudlula kokukhanya ngeepikseli zesikrini, ngaloo ndlela ivumela ukumelwa kwemifanekiso kunye nesicatshulwa. Ngokusebenzisa izihluzi ze-polarizing kunye ne-liquid crystal layers, ukubonakaliswa okucacileyo kunye nokubukhali kweebhithi kunokufezekiswa kwisikrini.
11. Inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kumelo lweebhithi kwizixhobo zombane
Okwangoku, ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kuye kwavumela ukubonakaliswa okusebenzayo kunye nokuchanekile kweebhithi kwizixhobo zombane. Lo mboniso usekelwe ekusebenziseni iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule obuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okuthembekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kolwazi.
Olunye uphuculo oluphambili lokumelwa kancinci kukusetyenziswa kwekhowudi yesitishi. Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukunciphisa ubukho beempazamo ngexesha lokuhanjiswa kwedatha, ukuqinisekisa ukwamkelwa ngokuchanekileyo kolwazi. Ukongezelela, ii-algorithms zokulungiswa kweempazamo ziye zaphuhliswa ezivumela iimpazamo ekuhanjisweni kwedatha ukuba zichongwe kwaye zilungiswe, okuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kolwazi.
Olunye ukuqhubela phambili okubalulekileyo ekumelaneni kancinci kukuphuculwa komthamo wokugcina. Ngombulelo kwindaleko yetekhnoloji yokugcina, okwangoku kuyenzeka ukugcina isixa esikhulu solwazi kwizixhobo ezincinci neziphathwayo. Oku kuye kwavumela ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kunye nokulula ngakumbi kulwazi, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lwedatha egciniweyo.
Ngokufutshane, inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji iye yatshintsha indlela amasuntswana amelwe ngayo kwizixhobo zombane. Ukusetyenziswa kwekhowudi yeshaneli kunye ne-algorithms yokulungiswa kweempazamo kuye kwaphucula ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kokuhanjiswa kwedatha. Ukongeza, umthamo wokugcina uye wanda kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukufikelela kulwazi oluninzi ngokukhawuleza nangokukhuselekileyo.
12. Ikamva linokubamba ntoni ukumelwa kancinci kwiinkqubo zedijithali?
Ukumelwa kwamasuntswana kwiinkqubo zedijithali kuye kwavela ngokuphawulekayo kule minyaka idlulileyo kwaye kulindeleke ukuba kuqhubeke ukuqhubela phambili ekuhambeni kwexesha. Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubeka nokuphuhlisa, iindlela ezintsha zokumela kunye nokulawula idatha yokubini zingavela.
Enye yenkqubela phambili enokubakho kwixesha elizayo kumelo kancinane kuphuhliso lweenkqubo ezisebenzayo zokulinganisa amanani. Okwangoku, iinkqubo zedijithali zisebenzisa ukubonakaliswa okucacileyo kwamaxabiso e-analog, okunokukhokelela ekulahlekeni kokuchaneka. Nangona kunjalo, kulindeleke ukuba kwixesha elizayo ii-algorithms eziphucukileyo kunye nobuchule ziya kuphuhliswa ezivumela ukubonakaliswa ngokuchanekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kwedatha.
Ngaphezu koko, ngokukhula komdla kwiindawo ezifana kukubhadla okungeyonyani kunye nokufunda koomatshini, sinokubona inkqubela phambili ekumelaneni kancinci ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezi nkqubo. Oku kuya kubandakanya ukuphuhliswa kweendlela ezintsha kunye ne-algorithms yokufakwa kweekhowudi kunye nokuchazwa kwedatha, kunye nokuphunyezwa koxinzelelo lwedatha kunye nobuchule bokunciphisa.
Isishwankathelo, ikamva lokumelwa kancinci kwiinkqubo zedijithali liyathembisa. Kulindeleke ukuba iindlela ezintsha kunye ne-algorithms ziya kuphuhliswa ukuphucula ukuchaneka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwedatha yokubini. Ngaphezu koko, kunye nenkqubela phambili kwiindawo ezifana kukubhadla okungeyonyani, sinokubona ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kokumelwa kancinci kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Ezi nkqubela phambili ziya kuqhubeka ziqhuba ukuvela kweenkqubo zedijithali kunye nokukwazi kwazo ukugcina, ukucubungula nokuhambisa ulwazi ngokufanelekileyo.
13. Ukuguquka kweendlela zokumela kancinci: ukusuka kumbane wombane ukuya kwi-polarization yokukhanya
Ukumelwa kwento encinci kuye kwavela ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukususela ekusebenziseni amandla ombane ukuya kwi-polarization yokukhanya. Ezi ndlela zokumela ziyisiseko kwinkalo yekhompyutha kunye nonxibelelwano, kuba zivumela ukuhanjiswa nokugcinwa kolwazi ngokufanelekileyo nangokuthembeka.
Indlela yokuqala yokumela isuntswana yayingombane wombane. Kulo mzekelo, uluhlu lwamandla ombane lusetyenziselwe ukumela amaxabiso amancinci amabini anokwenzeka, ngokuqhelekileyo i-0 kunye ne-1. 0. Le ndlela yayinempembelelo enkulu kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha zangaphambili kunye nezonxibelelwano.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, iindlela ezintsha zokumela isuntswana zaphuhliswa, kubandakanya i-polarization yokukhanya. Kule ndlela, ipropati yokukhanya isetyenziselwa ukutshintsha i-polarization yayo, enokuthi ibe yilayini, isetyhula okanye i-elliptical. Ngaloo ndlela, i-bias ethile yabelwe ixabiso elincinci ngalinye. Umzekelo, i-polarization ethe tye inokumela ixabiso elingu-0, ngelixa i-polarization ethe nkqo inokumela ixabiso elingu-1.
Ezi ndlela zintsha zokumela i-bit zenze ukuba kwenzeke ukusasaza nokugcina ulwazi oluninzi ngokufanelekileyo. Ukongezelela, baye banikezela ukuchasana okukhulu kwingxolo kunye nokuphazamiseka, okuye kwaphucula umgangatho wonxibelelwano. Isishwankathelo, ukuvela kweendlela zokumela kancinci, ukusuka kwivoltheji yombane ukuya kwi-polarization yokukhanya, kubaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yanamhlanje kwaye iguqule indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nolwazi.
14. Isuntswana njengesiseko esisisiseko sokusebenza kwezixhobo zombane
I-bit, i-acronym yedijithi yokubini, yiyunithi esisiseko yolwazi kwizixhobo zombane. Imele ixabiso lokubini lika-0 okanye u-1, onokutolikwa njengocinyiweyo okanye uvuliwe, ngokulandelelanayo. Izixhobo zombane zisebenza ngokudibanisa amasuntswana enza iibhayithi, amagama kunye neebhloko zedatha ezicutshungulwa yikhompyuter.
Kumxholo wezixhobo zombane, intwana isetyenziselwa ukugcina, ukuhambisa kunye nokucubungula ulwazi. Ngokomzekelo, kwikhompyutheni, idatha kunye nemiyalelo imelwe ngokulandelelana kweebhithi, ezitolikwa yiyunithi yokucubungula ephakathi (CPU) ukwenza imisebenzi kunye nokuqhuba iinkqubo.
Ukuqonda ngcono indlela izixhobo zombane ezisebenza ngayo, kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela amasuntswana asetyenziswa ngayo. Imisebenzi enengqondo efana ne-AND, OKANYE, kwaye HAYI, kunye nokutshintsha kunye nokujikeleza, kunokwenziwa ukuguqula ixabiso leebhithi njengoko kuyimfuneko. Oku kuvumela ukusetyenzwa ngokufanelekileyo nangokuchanekileyo kunye nokuguqulwa kwedatha.
Ngokufutshane, i-bit sisiseko esisisiseko sokusebenza kwezixhobo zombane. Ukudibanisa kwabo kunye nokukhwabanisa ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi enengqiqo ivumela ukugcinwa, ukuhanjiswa kunye nokulungiswa kolwazi ngendlela yedatha kunye neenkqubo. Ukuqonda indlela amasuntswana asebenza ngayo kubalulekile ekuqondeni ilizwe le-elektroniki kunye nekhompyuter.
Ukuqukumbela, ukumelwa kancinci kwiinkqubo zedijithali kuqhutywa ngokusetyenziswa kombane wombane okanye i-polarization yokukhanya. Le yunithi yesiseko yolwazi, enokuba nexabiso le-0 okanye i-1, ibalulekile ekusebenzeni okuchanekileyo kwezixhobo zombane. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngeesekethe zedijithali eziphethe i-voltages ephezulu kunye nephantsi, okanye ngenxa yobukho okanye ukungabikho kwemigodi kunye nomhlaba phezu kwediski ye-optical, i-bit idlala indima ephambili ekugcinweni kwedatha kunye nokucubungula. Ke, ngenxa yokubonakaliswa kwayo kokubini, ulwazi lunokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo kwiikhompyuter, ii-smartphones kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane.
NdinguSebastián Vidal, injineli yekhompyuter ethanda itekhnoloji kunye ne-DIY. Ngaphaya koko, ndingumdali we tecnobits.com, apho ndabelana ngee-tutorials ukwenza itekhnoloji ifikeleleke kwaye iqondeke kumntu wonke.