Ungaba njani nelifu lakho ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kuGoogle, Apple, okanye Microsoft

Abantu abaninzi ngakumbi bafuna ulawulo olupheleleyo kulwazi lwabo kwaye bayakhetha ube nelifu lakho ekhaya okanye kwiseva yakho, ukushiya ngasemva iinkxalabo malunga neentlawulo zenyanga kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yangasese engaqondakaliyo.

Ngaba oku kunokwenzeka? Kweli nqaku, siza kuchaza ngokweenkcukacha indlela yokuseta ilifu lakho, sihlalutya zonke ezinye iindlela zokwenyani ezisekelwe kwiimfuno zakho, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kunye nolwazi, ukuze ukwazi ukugqiba ukuba yeyiphi indlela efanelekileyo kuwe.

Liyintoni ilifu lakho, kwaye kutheni ufanele ucinge ukuba nalo?

El ingqikelelo yelifu lakho Kubandakanya ukuba nenkqubo yokugcina ifayile efikelelekayo naphi na, kodwa ilawulwa nguwe, ekhaya okanye kwiseva yangasese. Ngokungafaniyo neenkonzo ezaziwayo ezifana neGoogle Drive, Dropbox, okanye iCloud, Unolawulo lwezixhobo zombini kunye nesoftware, iimvume, kunye nokhuseleko lwedatha yakho, ukuphepha abalamleli kunye nemida ebekwe ngabantu besithathu.

Kule mihla, uqhagamshelo lwe-Broadband ekhaya (100Mbps okanye ngaphezulu) kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zehardware efikelelekayo yenze ukuba kube lula ukuba neyakho. iseva yefayile yasekhaya, ukwenza amava afana nalawo amaqonga amakhulu orhwebo, kodwa ngaphandle kweentambo eziqhotyoshelweyo. Isiphumo yinkqubo yokugcina ngokwezifiso, kunye neendleko zangaphambili kodwa akukho ntlawulo ephindaphindiweyo, kunye a ubumfihlo bokwenyani nobubambekayo.

Iingenelo eziphambili ngokuba nelifu lakho:

• Ubumfihlo kunye nolawulo olupheleleyo kwiifayile zakho.
• Akukho ntlawulo iqhubekayo (kuphela utyalo-mali lokuqala kwi-hardware kunye nombane).
• Ukukwazi ukwandisa ugcino lwakho njengoko ufuna.
• Ukufikelela kude kunye nezixhobo ezininzi.
• Ukuphuculwa kokhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko kwimigaqo-nkqubo yangaphandle.

Nangona kunjalo, Kukwakho nezinye iingxaki ukuqwalasela, njengotyalo-mali lokuqala, uxanduva lokhuseleko kunye nohlaziyo, kwaye, ngokuxhomekeke kuqwalaselo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kunye nesidingo solwazi oluthile lobugcisa.

Ngubani ofanele ukuseta ilifu lomntu?

Ukhetho lwelifu labucala Ilungele abo babeka phambili ubumfihlo, ubuqu, kunye nogcino lwexesha elideKuluncedo ngakumbi ukuba unedatha eninzi, iifoto, okanye iividiyo, ukuba usebenza ukude kwaye ufuna ukwabelana ngeefayile ngokukhuselekileyo, okanye ukuba ufuna ukulibala malunga nezithintelo zendawo kunye nemigaqo engacacanga yeenkonzo zorhwebo.

Ukuba sele unayo ikhompyutha endala, a I-Raspberry Pi okanye uzimisele ukutyala imali kwi Ikhaya NAS, unokwenza ilifu elilungiselelwe iimfuno zakho, ukulawula iifayile zobuqu, iifoto, kunye nee-backups zazo zonke izixhobo zakho ngokufikelela kwasekhaya kunye nokude.

Iindlela eziphambili zokwenza ilifu lakho labucala

Iinketho zokuba nelifu lakho lisusela kwizisombululo ezilula ukuya kwezinye iindlela zobuchwephesha. Ezi zezona ziqhelekileyo kwaye zinconywa:

• Sebenzisa I-NAS (Indawo yokugcina eqhotyoshelweyo kwiNethiwekhi)
• Sebenzisa ikhompyuter ezinikeleyo (IPC endala, ilaptop okanye miniPC)
• Ukukhwela ilifu kunye I-Raspberry Pi
• Lungiselela i idiski yenethiwekhi okanye ugcino lwangaphandle olukrelekrele
• Khetha i ukusingathwa kwewebhu ngezixhobo zamafu
• Sebenzisa iirouter eziphambili kunye nezakhono zamafu

I-NAS: Eyona nkqubo idumileyo neguquguqukayo yokuseta ilifu lakho

Okwangoku, I-NAS Kuye kwaba yinto ekhethiweyo yokudala ilifu lasekhaya. Ezi zixhobo ezidibeneyo, ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukugcinwa kwenethiwekhi, ezidibanisa enye okanye ngaphezulu kwee-hard drives, inkqubo yazo yokusebenza, kunye ne-interface elula yolawulo olukude kunye nokufikelela.

I I-NAS yekhaya yangoku ibonelela ngeempawu ezifanayo kwiiseva zobuchwephesha. kodwa ngamaxabiso aqala ukusuka kwi-euro ezili-100 kwiimodeli ezisisiseko. Inzuzo yayo ephambili kukuba awudingi ulwazi oluphambili: Uninzi lwabavelisi babonelela ngokuseta iiwizadi, ii-apps eziphathwayo, kunye neenkqubo zokufikelela kwiifayile zakho naphi na.

Izinto eziluncedo zeNAS yekhaya

• Ufikelelo olulula noluphakathi kuzo zonke izixhobo zakho
• Esona santya sodluliselo ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yendawo kunye nokufikelela ngokukhuselekileyo kude
• Ukukwazi ukwenza ii-backups ezizenzekelayo, yabelana ngemultimedia okanye wakhe ividiyo, ifoto kunye nethala leencwadi lomculo
• Iinketho zoqwalaselo oluphezulu (i-RAID, iimvume, abasebenzisi, iVPN)
• Ukwandiswa okulula kokugcinwa ngeediski ezininzi okanye iibheyi

Ndiyifakela kwaye ndiyiqwalasele njani iNAS?

Inkqubo iyafana kakhulu phakathi kwabavelisi abahlukeneyo (Synology, QNAP, Asustor, TerraMaster, WD, phakathi kwabanye):

1. Xhuma i-NAS kwi-router ngentambo ye-Ethernet ngesantya esiphezulu kunye nokuzinza.
2. Faka i ii-hard drive ezihambelanayo (zinokuba HDD okanye SSD, kodwa kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhethe iidiski ezithile NAS, ezifana Seagate IronWolf okanye WD Red).
3. Ukufikelela kujongano lwewebhu lwe uqwalaselo lokuqala.
4. Yenza abasebenzisi kunye neefolda ekwabelwana ngazo, chaza iimvume, kwaye uqwalasele ukufikelela ngaphandle kwekhaya usebenzisa i-DDNS kunye ne-SSL encryption (ukhuseleko lwe-HTTPS).
5. Faka ezinye izicelo: ukusuka kubathengi bongqamaniso, i-backup, ukuya kwimultimedia okanye ukufikelela kwiiapps eziphathwayo.

Ulungelelwaniso olwahlukileyo lwe-RAID: zithetha ntoni kwaye zenzelwe ntoni?

I-NAS ikuvumela ukuba wenze Uluhlu lwe-RAID ukukhusela idatha yakho kunye nokuphucula isantya sofikelelo. Ezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• I-RAID 0: idibanisa iidiski ezininzi ngokungathi zinye, zinyusa isantya kodwa ngaphandle kokuphindaphinda (ukuba enye iyasilela, idatha ilahlekile).
• I-RAID 1: Idatha yezibuko kwiidiski ezimbini; ukuba umntu uyasilela, ulwazi lugcinwa okwesibini.
• I-RAID 5/6/10: dibanisa iingenelo zesantya kunye nokhuseleko, ezifuna iidiski ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu.

La uqwalaselo luxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho: isantya, ukungafuneki okanye zombini.

Ukuseta ilifu ngekhompyuter yakho (iPC okanye ilaptop endala)

Enye indlela ethandwa kakhulu, ngakumbi ukuba ufuna ukuthatha ithuba lehardware onayo ekhaya okanye ukhangela enye isisombululo sasimahla, kukusebenzisa I-PC njengomncedisi wefuAwudingi ukuthenga i-NAS: phinda usebenzise ikhompyuter endala ehlala iqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi, kwaye unokongeza iidrives zangaphandle ukwandisa umthamo wokugcina.

Inkqubo idlula faka isoftware yelifu, umthombo ovulekileyo ngokubanzi, ojika iPC ibe yiseva efumanekayo kwinethiwekhi yasekhaya nakwi-Intanethi.

Yeyiphi isoftware endingayisebenzisa? Iinketho eziphambili

• I-OwnCloud: Inamandla, iqonga elinqamlezayo, kwaye lilungele ukusetyenziswa komntu kunye nobungcali. Ibonelela ngee -apps zabathengi zeWindows, macOS, Linux, Android, kunye ne-iOS.
• I-Nextcloud: Enye yezona zinto zinamandla kwaye zithandwa kakhulu, ikuvumela ukuba ufikelele kwaye uvumelanise iifayile, abafowunelwa kunye neekhalenda, kunye nenkxaso yofihlo lwe-HTTPS.
• Ifayile yoLwandle: igxile kungqamaniso olukhawulezayo nolusebenzayo.
• Ukuvumelanisa: Ilungele ungqamaniso lwexesha lokwenyani phakathi kwezixhobo ezininzi, ngaphandle kweeseva zangaphandle (P2P), zikhuseleke kakhulu ngokubulela kwi-TLS encryption.

Inkqubo yokufaka ilula: Khuphela isoftwe ehambelana nesixokelelwano sakho sokusebenza, faka umncedisi, kwaye ulandele iwizards ukwenza abasebenzisi, chaza iifolda ekwabelwana ngazo, kwaye wenze ufikelelo olukude (ngesiqhelo ngokuqwalasela umzila wakho ukuveza ngokukhuselekileyo umncedisi kwi-Intanethi).

Ukuseta ilifu ngeRaspberry Pi: eyona ndlela idibeneyo kunye neyoqoqosho

I I-Raspberry Pi Baye baguqula ihlabathi leeseva zasekhaya. Ziikhompyuter ezinamandla aphantsi, ezincinci kwaye zitshiphu (ukusuka malunga ne-50 euros), kodwa zinamandla ngokwaneleyo ukuba zisebenze njenge umncedisi welifu omncinci wobuqu.

Ukuba ujonge ukhetho oluzolileyo, oluphathekayo kunye noqoqosho, iRaspberry Pi ifanelekile ukuba nelifu elisisiseko labucala ekhaya okanye nokuba lihambe nawe.

Inyathelo ngenyathelo ukuseta ilifu lakho ngeRaspberry Pi

1. Fumana enye I-Raspberry Pi (ngokukhethekileyo i-Pi 4 okanye ngaphezulu) kunye nekhadi le-microSD ubuncinane be-16GB.
2. Faka iRaspberry Pi OS kwaye uyiqhagamshele kwinethiwekhi yendawo ngentambo ye-Ethernet yokusebenza okukhulu.
3. Faka isoftware yelifu njenge I-OpenMediaVault o I-Nextcloud (Kukho imifanekiso ethile kunye nezifundo zeRaspberry Pi).
4. Qhagamshela ii-hard drives zangaphandle okanye ii-SSD nge-USB ukwandisa umthamo.
5. Qwalasela abasebenzisi, iimvume, kunye nokufikelela ngokukhuselekileyo (HTTPS, VPN, okanye DDNS).

Ezinye izisombululo

• Western Digital Ikhaya lam Cloud isisombululo se-plug-and-play esivumela ukuba simise ilifu labucala ngokuplaga nje isixhobo kwi-router kwaye silandele amanyathelo ambalwa. Ayinikezeli uninzi lweenketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso, kodwa ibonelela ngokufikelela kude, ii-apps eziphathwayo, kunye nokukwazi ukwenza ii-backups ezizenzekelayo.
• Ilifu labucala usebenzisa iirotha eziphezulu, enkosi kuqhagamshelo lwe-USB hard drive kunye nokusetyenziswa apps ezifana iCloud. Ngale ndlela, unokufikelela kwiifayile zakho ngaphandle kwekhaya usebenzisa usetyenziso oluzinikeleyo okanye ujongano olukhuselekileyo lwewebhu, ngaphandle kokuthenga iNAS ezinikeleyo.
• CQasha inkonzo yokubamba okanye iseva yabucala enenyani (VPS) kwaye usete ilifu lakho apho usebenzisa usetyenziso olunje nge-OwnCloud, i-Nextcloud okanye efanayo. Olu khetho ludinga ulwazi oluthile lobugcisa kwaye luneendleko zenyanga ezihambelanayo (ngokuqhelekileyo ziphantsi), kodwa kukuvumela ukuba ube nefu lakho elifikelelekayo 24/7 kwaye, ukuba ukhetha umboneleli othembekileyo, kunye nokhuseleko oluhle kunye neziqinisekiso zokulondoloza.

Yintoni ongayikhetha? Kuxhomekeke kwiprofayile yakho kunye neemfuno.

Isigqibo phakathi kwe-NAS, iPC, iRaspberry Pi, i-network drive okanye ukusingathwa kwabucala kuxhomekeke ikakhulu kwi:

• Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakho (I-NAS idla ngokuba yeyona nto ilungeleleneyo ngokweempawu kunye nokufakwa kwexabiso, iRaspberry Pi yeyona ndlela inexabiso eliphantsi, ukusingathwa kufuna umrhumo wenyanga).
• Ulwazi lwakho lobugcisa (I-NAS kunye ne-network drives zezona zilula, ukusingathwa kunye nePC zifuna amava angaphezulu, iRaspberry Pi ikwinqanaba eliphakathi).
• Umthamo kunye nesantya oyifunayo.
• Uvakalelo lolwazi kunye nomnqweno wobumfihlo.
• I-scalability yexesha elizayo kunye nokukwazi ukongeza abasebenzisi abaninzi okanye iimpawu.

Nje, I-NAS yasekhaya yeyona ndlela ilungeleleneyo kubasebenzisi abaninzi ukuze kube lula, ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko, kodwa ukuba ufuna ukugcina kangangoko kwaye unolwazi, i-PC endala okanye i-Raspberry Pi inokukunika ifu eliguqulelwe ngokupheleleyo ngexabiso eliphantsi.

Ukuseta ilifu lakho yindlela elumkileyo yokufumana ukuzimela, ubumfihlo, kunye nolawulo olupheleleyo kwiifayile zakho. Iindlela ezizezinye ziya ziba lula, zifikeleleke ngakumbi, kwaye zikhuseleke ngakumbi, kuxhomekeke kuphela kwiimfuno zakho zokwenyani kunye nesixa sexesha ozimisele ukulinikezela kulungiselelo.