Uyisebenzisa njani iWindows Defender Firewall ngokuchanekileyo

Xa kufikwa kukhuseleko lweWindows, i-firewall yenkqubo yenye yala magorha angabonwayo phantse awukaze uwabone, kodwa isebenza ngokungadinwa. NgeWindows Firewall Windows Defender Iyasebenza, inkqubo yakho ihluza imidibaniso kwaye inqande ufikelelo olungagunyaziswanga, kwaye incediswa izilumkiso zokungeniswa komjikelezo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka kakhulu. Umbono ulula: vumela into oyifunayo kwaye uvimbele into ekrokrisayo.ukunciphisa indawo engaphezulu evezwe kuhlaselo ngelixa ukhangela, usebenza, okanye udlala.

Ngaphaya kwegama, le firewall yinxalenye ephambili yenkqubo, ibandakanywe njengomgangatho kwaye ilungele ukusebenza ukusuka ekuqaleni. Idibanisa ne-Windows Security appIkuvumela ukuba ukhethe ukuba zeziphi iinethiwekhi ezithembekileyo kwaye, ukuba ziyimfuneko, unokusebenzisa imigaqo echanekileyo ngesicelo, idilesi ye-IP, i-port, okanye iprotocol. Awudingi ukuba ngumlawuli wenkqubo yokuphatha iziseko, kodwa ukuba ufuna ukukhangela nzulu, kukwakho nezixhobo eziphambili.

Yintoni iWindows Defender Firewall kwaye kutheni ibalulekile?

Eli candelo lisebenza njengesihluzi phakathi kwekhompyuter yakho kunye nenethiwekhi iphela. Windows Defender Firewall uhlalutya izithuthi ezingenayo neziphumayo Inquma ukuba yintoni ukuvumela okanye ukuvimba ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemigaqo. Ingahluza ngemvelaphi okanye indawo yokufikela idilesi ye-IP, inombolo yesibuko, umthetho olandelwayo, okanye inkqubo ethile ezama ukunxibelelana. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uthintele unxibelelwano kuphela kwizicelo kunye neenkonzo ozifunayo.

Yi-firewall esekwe kumamkeli, iza idityaniswe neWindows kunye Yenziwa ngokungagqibekanga kuzo zonke iintlelo ezixhaswayoUbukho bayo bongeza kwindlela yokukhusela-enzulu, ukubonelela ngoluhlu olongezelelweyo malunga nosongelo lwenethiwekhi kunye nokuphucula ukulawulwa kwendawo yasekhaya kunye neenkampani.

Iiprofayile zenethiwekhi kunye neentlobo: i-domain, yabucala, kunye neyoluntu

I-firewall iyaziqhelanisa nemeko yenethiwekhi ukuze isebenzise imigaqo-nkqubo engqongqo okanye engqongqo. IiWindows zisebenzisa iiprofayili ezintathu: ithambeka, labucala kunye noluntu, kwaye unganika imithetho kwiprofayile nganye ukulawula ukuziphatha ngokuxhomekeke apho uqhagamshela khona.

Inethiwekhi yabucala kunye nenethiwekhi yoluntu

Kwinethiwekhi yabucala, njengenethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya, uya kufuna ukubonakala phakathi kwezixhobo ezithembekileyo. I-PC yakho inokwenziwa ibonakale kwifayile okanye ukwabelana ngeprinta Kwaye imithetho idla ngokuba ngqongqo kangako. Ngokwahlukileyo, kwinethiwekhi yoluntu, njenge-Wi-Fi yevenkile yekhofi, ukuqonda kubaluleke kakhulu: izixhobo akufanele zibonakale, kwaye ulawulo lunzima kakhulu ukuphepha iingxaki ngezixhobo ezingaziwayo.

Xa uqhagamshelana kwinethiwekhi okokuqala, iWindows ikubuza ukuba ibucala okanye isesidlangalaleni. Ukuba wenza impazamo xa ukhetha, ungayitshintsha kwiNethiwekhi kunye neZiko lokwabelana., ukufaka uxhulumaniso ukulungisa uhlobo lwenethiwekhi kwaye, ngokongezwa, iprofayili yomlilo esetyenzisiweyo.

Inethiwekhi yommandla

Kwiimeko zeshishini kunye ne-Active Directory, ukuba ikhompyutha idibaniswe kwi-domain kwaye ibona umlawuli, iprofayili yesizinda isetyenziswa ngokuzenzekelayo. Le profayile ayimiselwanga ngesandla.Yenziwa isebenze xa iziseko zophuhliso ziyimisela, ilungelelanisa imigaqo-nkqubo yothungelwano kunye nemiyalelo yequmrhu.

Lawula i-firewall kwi-app yoKhuseleko lweWindows

Ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla, eyona ndlela ilula kukuvula uKhuseleko lweWindows kwaye uye kwiFirewall kunye noKhuseleko lweNethiwekhi. Apho uyakubona ubume beprofayile nganye ngokukrwaqula. Kwaye unokuvula okanye uvale ukhuseleko lwesizinda, sabucala, okanye senethiwekhi yoluntu, nganye nganye.

Ngaphakathi kweprofayile nganye, ukhetho lweMicrosoft Defender Firewall ikuvumela ukuba uguqule phakathi koKunikwe amandla kunye nokuKhubazekayo. Ukucima akuyombono ilungileyo ngaphandle kweemeko ezithile.Ukuba i-app ibambekile, kunengqiqo ukuyivumela ngendlela elawulwayo kunokuthoba umlindi wayo yonke inkqubo.

Gqibezela ukuvalwa koqhagamshelwano olungenayo

Kukho inketho ethile yokwandisa ukhuseleko: vala lonke uqhagamshelo olungenayo, kwanabo bakuluhlu lweapps ezivunyelweyo. Xa ivuliwe, izinto ezingaphandle azihoywa. kwaye ivala ucango kuzo naziphi na iinzame ezingacelwanga. Iluncedo kuthungelwano olunomngcipheko ophezulu okanye ngexesha leziganeko, nangona kunokuphazamisa iinkonzo ezifuna igalelo kwinethiwekhi yendawo.

Olunye ukhetho olubalulekileyo kwisikrini esifanayo

• Vumela usetyenziso ngefirewallUkuba kukho into oyidingayo ayidibanisi, yongeza ngaphandle kokuphunyezwa kwayo okanye uvule izibuko elihambelanayo. Ngaphambi kokwenza njalo, vavanya umngcipheko kwaye unqande ukungabikho kwiprofayili ethile yenethiwekhi.
• Inethiwekhi kunye ne-Intanethi yokulungisa ingxaki: isixhobo esizenzekelayo sokuxilonga kwaye, ngethemba, ukulungisa ukusilela koqhagamshelwano ngokubanzi.
• Useto lwesazisoLungisa ukuba zingaphi izilumkiso ofuna ukuzifumana xa i-firewall ivala umsebenzi. Iluncedo ukulinganisa ukhuseleko kunye nengxolo.
• Useto oluphambiliOku kuvula imodyuli yeWindows Defender Firewall enokhuseleko oluphambili. Ikuvumela ukuba wenze imithetho engenayo kunye nephumayo, imithetho yokhuseleko loqhagamshelwano (IPsec), kunye nokuphonononga iingodo zokubeka iliso. Ukuyisebenzisa ngokungakhethiyo kunokophula iinkonzo, ngoko qhubeka ngononophelo.
• Buyisela okungagqibekangaUkuba into okanye umntu utshintshile imigaqo kwaye akukho nto isebenzayo njengoko kufanelekile, unokubuyela kwizicwangciso zefektri. Kwiikhompyutha ezilawulwayo, imigaqo-nkqubo yombutho iya kuphinda isetyenziswe emva kokuba imigaqo isetyenzisiwe.

Ukuziphatha okuhlala kukho kunye neengqiqo eziphambili

Ngokusisiseko, i-firewall isebenza ngengqiqo yolondolozo evela ngaphandle kwi: Vimba zonke iitrafikhi ezingenayo ezingacelwanga ngaphandle kokuba kukho umthetho oko kuyakuvumela. Kwitrafikhi ephumayo indlela ichasene nayo: ivumelekile ngaphandle kokuba umthetho uyawuphika.

Yintoni umthetho we-firewall?

Imigaqo inquma ukuba uhlobo lwetrafikhi luvunyelwe okanye luvalwe, kwaye phantsi kweyiphi imiqathango. Zinokuchazwa ngeendlela ezininzi. Idityanisiwe ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo into ofuna ukuyilawula.

• Isicelo okanye inkonzo: idibanisa umgaqo kwinkqubo ethile okanye inkonzo.
• Umthombo kunye needilesi ze-IP: ixhasa uluhlu kunye nemaski; kwakhona amaxabiso aguqukayo anje ngesango elingagqibekanga, i-DHCP kunye neeseva ze-DNS okanye ii-subnets zasekhaya.
• Iprothokholi kunye namazibukoKwi-TCP okanye i-UDP, khankanya amazibuko okanye uluhlu; kwiiprothokholi zesiko, ungareferensi inombolo ye-IP ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-255.
• Uhlobo lojongano: ikhebula, i-Wi-Fi, iitonela, njl., xa ufuna ukusebenzisa imithetho kuphela kunxibelelwano oluthile.
• I-ICMP kunye ne-ICMPv6: izihluzi ngeentlobo ezithile kunye neekhowudi zemiyalezo yolawulo.

Ukongeza, umgaqo ngamnye unokukhawulelwa kwiprofayili enye okanye ngaphezulu kwenethiwekhi. Ke, usetyenziso lunokunxibelelana kuthungelwano lwabucala kodwa luhlale luthule kuthungelwano loluntu., ukwandisa ukhuseleko xa indalo ifuna oko.

Uncedo olusebenzayo ekhaya nasemsebenzini

• Yehlisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa kwenethiwekhi ngokunciphisa ukuvezwa kunye nokongeza omnye umqobo kwisicwangciso sakho sokukhusela.
• Ikhusela idatha eyimfihlo ngokusebenzisa isiqinisekiso kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, unxibelelwano olufihliweyo oluya ekupheleni ukuya esiphelweni kunye ne-IPsec, kwaye unokufunda Khusela iWindows PC yakho.
• Zisebenzise izinto osele unazoIyinxalenye yeWindows, ayifuni i-hardware eyongezelelweyo okanye isoftware, kwaye idibanisa nezisombululo zomntu wesithathu ngee-API ezibhaliweyo.

Vula, vala, kwaye usete ngokutsha ngokukhuselekileyo

Ukuvula i-firewall ngaphakathi Windows 10 okanye i-11, yiya kuKhuseleko lweWindows, vula i-Firewall kunye noKhuseleko lweNethiwekhi, khetha iprofayile kwaye uyisete ku-Vuliwe. Ukuba usebenza kuthungelwano lweshishini, kunokubakho imigaqo-nkqubo ethintela utshintsho.Ke gcina loo nto engqondweni ukuba ayikuvumeli ukuba utshintshe isimo.

Ukuba ufuna ukuyikhubaza ngesizathu esithile, ungakwenza oko kwakweso sikrini ngokusitshintsha sibe siSakhubazekileyo, okanye sisuka kwiPhaneli yoLawulo phantsi kweNkqubo noKhuseleko, iWindows Defender Firewall, kunye nenketho yokuyivula okanye ukuyivala. Ayikhuthazwa kwaye kufuneka yenziwe kuphela okwethutyana.kuba ikushiya ubhencekile ngakumbi.

Ukuseta kwakhona useto, yiya kwiPhaneli yoLawulo, ngenisa iWindows Defender Firewall, kwaye ukhethe Buyisela okumiselweyo. Yindlela ekhawulezayo yokucoca imithetho engaqhelekanga kwaye ubuyele kwimeko eyaziwayo xa uqhagamshelwano luziphatha ngendlela engaqhelekanga.

Vumela usetyenziso ngefirewall

Ukuba i-app esemthethweni, efana ne-Chrome Remote Desktop, iyasilela ukudibanisa, akukho mfuneko yokuthatha i-firewall. Sebenzisa i Vumela usetyenziso okanye icandelo ukhetho Ukukhetha inkqubo kwaye uchaze ukuba zeziphi iiprofayili zenethiwekhi enokunxibelelana nazo (zabucala kunye/okanye zikawonke-wonke), cofa Guqula useto ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwenza ukuhlela nokugcina utshintsho.

Kwiinguqulelo zangaphambili zeWindows ezifana ne-8.1, 8, 7, Vista okanye i-XP, inkqubo iyafana nePhaneli yoLawulo. Jonga icandelo lomlilo, kwaye uye ukuvumela usetyenziso kwifirewallKhangela ibhokisi yesicelo kwiikholamu zeprofayile ezifanelekileyo kwaye uqinisekise. Nangona i-interface inokutshintsha kancinci, ingcamango ihlala ifana.

Imithetho yesiko kunye ne-console ephezulu

Ngeemeko ezithe ngqo ngakumbi, vula icandelo leWindows Defender Firewall ngokhuseleko oluphambili. Ungayifumana kwimenyu yokuQala okanye kwisetingi yecandelo lokhuseleko lweWindows. Apho uya kubona iMithetho yokuNgena kunye neMithetho yokuPhuma ukwenza, ukuhlela, okanye ukuvala imigaqo-nkqubo eneenkcukacha.

Ukwenza umthetho omtsha, iwizard izakukhokela: khetha ukuba yeyenkqubo, izibuko, okanye isiko; chaza izibuko okanye ephunyezwayo ukuba kufanelekile; khetha isenzo (vumela, vumela ukuba ukhuselekile, okanye uvale); Yinqande kwiiprofayile zenethiwekhi ezifunwayo; kwaye uyinike igama elichazayo. Le granularity ivumela, umzekelo, ukuvumela kuphela izibuko elifunwa yi-app kuthungelwano lwabucala, kodwa vala naziphi na iinzame kuthungelwano loluntu.

Unako kwakhona ukuseta imithetho nge indawo iidilesi IP. Ukuba ujonge ukunqanda ukufikelela kwiindawo ezithileChaza uluhlu oluthile okanye iidilesi, ugcine engqondweni ukuba ukuhluza kwenziwa nge-IP okanye izibuko, kungekhona ngegama lesizinda ngokwemveli.

Izenzo ezilungileyo kunye noko ungazenzi

Iingcebiso ngokubanzi zikaMicrosoft zicacile: musa ukuvala i-firewall ngaphandle kokuba unesizathu esibambekayo. Uya kuphulukana iingenelo ezifana nemithetho IPsec, ukhuseleko ekulandeleni uhlaselo lwenethiwekhi, ukhuseleko lwenkonzo, kunye nezihluzi zokuqalisa kwangethuba.

Nika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo koku: ungaze uyeke inkonzo yomlilo kwikhonsoli yeenkonzo. Inkonzo ibizwa ngokuba yiMpsSvc kwaye igama layo lokubonisa yiWindows Defender Firewall.I-Microsoft ayiluxhasi olu qheliselo kwaye inokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu ezinje ngokusilela kwemenyu yokuQalisa, iimpazamo ekufakeni okanye ekuhlaziyweni kwee-apps zale mihla, ukusilela ekusebenziseni iWindows ngefowuni, okanye ukungahambelani nesoftware exhomekeke kwi-firewall.

Ukuba ufuna ukuyikhubaza ngeenjongo zomgaqo-nkqubo okanye zovavanyo, yenza njalo ngokulungelelanisa iiprofayili ukusuka kujongano okanye ngelayini yomyalelo ngaphandle kokumisa inkonzo. Shiya injini isebenza kwaye ubeke iliso kuluhlu ukuphepha imiphumo emibi kunye nokukwazi ukubuyisela umva ngokukhawuleza.

Iilayisensi ezihambelanayo kunye nokuhlelwa

I-firewall yeWindows Defender iyafumaneka kwiintlelo eziphambili zenkqubo. IWindows Pro, Enterprise, Pro Education okanye SE kunye neMfundo ibandakanyaKe ngoko, akukho mfuneko yokuba uthenge enye into ukuze uyisebenzise. Ngokubhekiselele kumalungelo eelayisenisi, oku kwahluka kulandelayo kugutyungelwe: IWindows Pro nePro Education (SE), iWindows Enterprise E3 ne-E5, kunye neWindows Education A3 ne-A5.

Iindlela ezimfutshane kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba

Ukuba ufuna ukuhambisa iingcebiso okanye uxele iingxaki malunga necandelo, vula i-Feedback Hub kunye ne-WIN + F indibaniselwano kwaye usebenzise udidi olufanelekileyo phantsi kokhuseleko kunye nobumfihlo, ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi. Ingxelo inceda ukubeka phambili uphuculo Siza kucokisa amava kwiinguqulelo ezizayo.

IWindows Defender Firewall ingaphezulu nje kokuvula/ukucima iswitshi; yinkqubo eguquguqukayo ehambelana nohlobo lothungelwano, ixhasa imithetho ngesicelo, i-IP kunye neprotocol, kwaye ixhomekeke kwi-IPsec yokuqinisekisa kunye nofihlo xa kufuneka. Ngeenketho zokuvumela usetyenziso, imodyuli ephucukileyo yemithetho yokulungisa kakuhle, ukusetha kwakhona ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokukwazi ukomeleza iinkangeleko zoluntu.Unokuba nokhuseleko olomeleleyo ngaphandle kokuncama ukusebenza. Ukuyigcina isebenza, ukuphepha ukuphazamiseka kwenkonzo, kunye nokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo xa usetyenziso luba ngumkhenkce yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokulinganisela ukhuseleko kunye nokulula kuyo nayiphi na imeko.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Uyikhusela njani iWindows PC yakho ekuhloleni okuphambili njenge-APT35 kunye nezinye izoyikiso

UDaniel Terrasa

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