Ungayijika njani iRaspberry Pi ibe yiseva yeNAS yasekhaya

Ngaba uyafuna ukuba nomncedisi wogcino womnatha ngaphandle kokuchitha intywenka yemali? La I-Raspberry Pi yenye yezona ndlela zingcono. Ngenxa yobuninzi bayo kunye nethuba lokudibanisa ii-hard drives zangaphandle, unako Guqula iRaspberry Pi ibe yiseva yeNAS yasekhaya. Kulula ukuseta kunye nokusebenzisa amandla aphantsi kakhulu. 

Ngelixa izixhobo ze-NAS zorhwebo zibonelela ngezinto eziphambili ngaphandle kwebhokisi, zihlala ziza ngexabiso eliphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngeRaspberry Pi unokufezekisa iziphumo ezifanayo notyalo-mali oluncinci. Kweli nqaku siza kukucacisela Zeziphi izinto ozifunayo kwaye yeyiphi isoftware ongayisebenzisa ukuyenza ngendlela elula nesebenzayo.

Kutheni usebenzisa iRaspberry Pi njengeNAS?

iiseva zeNAS (Network Attached Storage) zizixhobo ezenzelwe ukunika almacenamiento en red enokufikelelwa kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi efanayo yasekhaya okanye nakwilifu. Ukusebenzisa iRaspberry Pi njengeNAS ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi:

• Lukhetho olunoqoqosho ngakumbi: I-Raspberry Pi ixabisa ngaphantsi kakhulu kune-NAS yorhwebo.
• Ibonelela ngosetyenziso lwamandla oluphantsi: Ngokusebenzisa nje iiwatts ezimbalwa, inokunikwa amandla 24/7 ngaphandle kokunyusa kakhulu ityala lakho lombane.
• Yenziwe ngokwezifiso kakhulu: Unako ukufaka izicelo ezongezelelweyo ezongezelelweyo kunye neenkonzo ngokweemfuno zakho.
• Ivumela ukufikelela kude: Ukuyiqwalasela ngokuchanekileyo kukuvumela ukuba ufikelele iifayile naphi na.

Nangona kunjalo, xa uguqula iRaspberry Pi ibe yiseva ye-NAS, kufuneka ugcine engqondweni imida ethile. I-Raspberry Pi ayinawo amandla okusebenza afanayo njenge-NAS yobuchwephesha kunye noqhagamshelo lwenethiwekhi Kungaba ngumqobo ukuba awusebenzisi imodeli nge-port ye-Gigabit Ethernet. Ukongeza, ukuba ufuna izixa ezikhulu zogcino, kuya kufuneka usebenzise yangaphandle USB hard drives.

Kweli nqaku unokufunda ngakumbi malunga qué es un servidor NAS ukuqonda ngcono iimpawu zayo.

Materiales necesarios

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuguqula iRaspberry Pi ibe yiseva ye-NAS, qiniseka ukuba unala macandelo alandelayo:

• A Raspberry Pi 4 o Raspberry Pi 5 (I-4GB okanye i-8GB inguqulo ye-RAM iyacetyiswa).
• A ikhadi le-microSD ubuncinane be-8 GB apho siya kufaka inkqubo yokusebenza.
• Iadaptha yamandla ehambelana neRaspberry Pi.
• Un disco duro externo USB okanye iipendrive zomthamo ophezulu wokugcina iifayile.
• Un cable de red Ethernet (ukhetho, kodwa lunconyelwe kakhulu uzinzo olongezelelweyo).
• Un PC con Windows, macOS o Linux ukwenza uqwalaselo lokuqala.

Ukufakela inkqubo yokusebenza kwiRaspberry Pi

Nje ukuba iimfuno ziqinisekisiwe, sinokuqala inkqubo yokuguqula iRaspberry Pi ibe yiseva yeNAS. Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenzile kukufakela i-a sistema operativo ligero en la Raspberry Pi. Olona khetho lungcono kule projekthi Raspberry Pi OS Lite. Kuba le OS ayibandakanyi imeko-bume yegraphical, ukusebenza kuyenziwa. La ngamanyathelo ekufuneka uwalandele:

Inyathelo lesi-1: Khuphela kwaye ufake Raspberry Pi Imager, isixhobo esisemthethweni esiya kukuvumela ukuba ukhanyise inkqubo yokusebenza kwikhadi le-microSD.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Faka i-microSD kwiPC yakho kwaye uvule iRaspberry Pi Imager. Khetha Raspberry Pi OS Lite (i-64-bit ukuba i-Pi yakho iyayixhasa) kwaye ukhethe imemori khadi njengendawo oya kuyo.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Ngaphambi kokurekhoda umfanekiso, fikelela kwiinketho eziphambili kwaye ulungiselele:

• Igama lomamkeli weRaspberry Pi (umzekelo, raspberrypi.local).
• Igama lomsebenzisi kunye negama lokugqitha.
• Uqhagamshelo lwe-Wi-Fi (ukuba awusebenzisi i-Ethernet).
• Vula i-SSH yoqhagamshelwano olukude.

Inyathelo lesi-4: Flash umfanekiso kwaye, xa inkqubo igqityiwe, faka ikhadi le-MicroSD kwiRaspberry Pi kwaye uyivule.

Kuba senze i-SSH isebenze kuseto, sinokuyilawula iRaspberry Pi ngaphandle kokudibanisa imonitha kunye nekhibhodi. Ukusuka kwiWindows, sebenzisa I-PuTTY; Kwi-macOS kunye neLinux, vula ngokulula i-terminal kwaye uchwetheze:

ssh umsebenzisi@raspberry_ip

Ngenisa igama eligqithisiweyo kwaye uya kufakwa ukuze uqalise ukuseta.

Configurar el disco duro externo

Elinye inyathelo eliyimfuneko lokuguqula iRaspberry Pi ibe yiseva ye-NAS yasekhaya kukufaka i-USB hard drive njengendawo yokugcina ephambili yeNAS kwaye uyinike iimvume ezifanelekileyo.

Okokuqala kufuneka ujonge ukuba leliphi igama inkqubo elinike idiski ngalo myalelo ulandelayo:

lsblk

Ukuba idiski ayilungiswanga, ungayifomatha ext4 kunye:

sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1

Emva koko nyusa idiski kulawulo olufikelelekayo:

sudo mkdir /mnt/nas
sudo intaba /dev/sda1 /mnt/nas

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba idiski ixhonywe ngokuzenzekelayo ekuqaliseni inkqubo ngokutsha, hlela ifayile /etc/fstab kunye:

sudo nano /etc/fstab

Y añade la siguiente línea al final:

/dev/sda1 /mnt/nas ext4 okungagqibekanga 0 2

Faka kwaye uqwalasele iSamba

Ukwabelana ngeefayile kwinethiwekhi, siya kufaka Samba, isoftwe eyenza unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-Windows kunye ne-Linux systems.

uhlaziyo lwe-sudo apt && sudo apt ukufaka -y samba

Ngoku hlela ifayile yakho yoqwalaselo:

sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf

Yongeza ekugqibeleni:

[NAS]
path = /mnt/nas
writable = yes
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
public = no

Gcina utshintsho kwaye uqalise kwakhona inkonzo:

sudo systemctl restart smbd

Ukufikelela kwi-NAS ukusuka kwiWindows okanye kwi-macOS

Emva kokuguqula iRaspberry Pi ibe yiseva ye-NAS, nantsi into ekufuneka uyenzile ukufikelela kwiifayile ekwabelwana ngazo:

• KwiWindows Vula iFayile Explorer kwaye uchwetheze kwibar yedilesi: \\raspberry_ip\NAS
• Kwi-macOS, vula uMfumani kwaye ucinezele Cmd + K, emva koko uchwetheze: smb://raspberry_ip/NAS

Okokugqibela, ngenisa igama lomsebenzisi kunye negama lokugqitha obuliqwalasele ngaphambili kwaye uya kukwazi ukulawula iifayile kuyo nayiphi na ikhompyuter.

Njengoko sibonile kweli nqaku, ngokulandela ngononophelo amanyathelo, kunokwenzeka ukuguqula iRaspberry Pi ibe yiseva ye-NAS yasekhaya. A isisombululo esinomdla ukugcina nokwabelana ngeefayile ngaphandle kokuchitha imali eninzi.