Ukwazi amacandelo ebhodi yomama kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo luncedo kakhulu xa usakha ikhompyuter okanye utshintsha iindawo zehardware. Le element ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-motherboard, kwaye Isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa zonke ezinye iindawo zesixhobo. Kolu ngeniso siza kuchonga ngalinye lamalungu enza i-motherboard kunye nomsebenzi wayo.
Amalungu aphambili ebhodi yomama
Xa sihlolisisa i izixhobo zekhompyuter, sifumana isiqwenga esisisiseko sokusebenza kwayo: ibhodi yomama. Eli khadi lesekethe elidibeneyo linoxanduva qhagamshela kwaye uvumele unxibelelwano phakathi kwawo onke amanye amacandelo enkqubo. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-motherboard, kwaye yeyona nto iphambili kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na ikhompyuter.
Sinokucinga ngebhodi yomama njenge iqonga eliphakathi apho ezinye iziqwenga zehardware zincanyathiselwe. Iprosesa, iinkumbulo, iiyunithi zokugcina, amakhadi okwandisa kunye nezinye iiperipherals zifakwe apho. Ngaphandle kwebhodi yomama, amacandelo ngamnye akanakukwazi ukusebenzisana ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukongeza, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba Umthamo kunye nemida eqhelekileyo yekhompyuter imiselwe ziimpawu zebhodi yomama. Ngokomzekelo, iibhodi ze-motherboard ziyilelwe ukuba zihambelane neentlobo ezithile zeeprosesa. Ngokufanayo, baxhasa uhlobo oluthile kwaye banokuxhasa ubuninzi be-RAM.
Inani leekhonkco (zangaphakathi nangaphandle) kunye neenketho zokwandisa nazo zichongwa yi-motherboard. Ngenxa yoko, xa ukhetha i-motherboard kufuneka uvavanye ngononophelo iimfuno zakho zangoku nezekamva. Ngale ndlela, kuqinisekisiwe ukuba ikhompyuter inokuvela kwaye iqhelane nezinto ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe.
iprosesa socket
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zebhodi yomama yiprosesa yesokhethi, ekwabizwa ngokuba yisokethi. Eli candelo kulapho iprosesa okanye CPU ibekwe. ukuze inxibelelane nebhodi yomama. Njengoko sele usazi, i-CPU (iYunithi yoPhando oluPhakathi) yingqondo yokwenyani yekhompyuter, enoxanduva lokuphumeza yonke imiyalelo.
Njengoko besesitshilo, Iibhodi zoomama ziyilelwe ukuba zihambelane neentlobo ezithile zeeprosesa. Ngokomzekelo, i-motherboard I-ASUS ROG Strix Z690-E Ine-LGA 1700 socket ehambelana nesizukulwana se-12 se-Intel processors ezifana ne-i9-12900K.
Inani elikhulu leenkqubo ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-CPU ibangela ukuba le elementi ishushu. Kunjalo ngoba, Isokhethi ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanya inkqubo yokupholisa, ezinokubandakanya iifeni, ii-heatsinks, kunye nezikhuselo zobushushu. Amakhadi emizobo kunye namanye amacandelo ebhodi ye-motherboard ahlala anenkqubo yokupholisa.
Slots Memory
Kufuphi nesokethi kukho iindawo zokubeka inkumbulo, enye yezinto eziphambili zebhodi yomama. iinkumbulo RAM zifakwe kwezi slot., uxanduva lokugcina idatha okwethutyana ukuphucula ukusebenza kwezixhobo. Okukhona iindawo zokubeka inkumbulo, kokukhona ubuninzi be-RAM enokufakwa, ukuya kuthi ga kumda osekwe ngumenzi.
Ezi ndawo zokubeka zinemilo ecekethekileyo, emide, enesixhobo sokutshixa ukubamba iinkumbulo. Uyilo lweslot lumisela uhlobo lwenkumbulo enokufakwa (DDR3, DDR4, DDR5), nto leyo echaphazela isantya kunye nomthamo wenkqubo yonke.
I-chipset phakathi kwamacandelo ebhodi yomama
Nangona ingabonakali kancinci kunezinye izinto zebhodi yomama, i-chipset yinxalenye yayo. Yi iseti yeetshiphusi okanye iisekethe ze-elektroniki ezincedisa iprosesa, iinkumbulo, kunye namanye amacandelo kugqithiso lolwazi. Ngokudibeneyo, ezi chips zisebenza ngokungathi ziyiprosesa edityaniswe kwibhodi yomama.
Chipset yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: i-Northbridge (ibhulorho emantla) kunye ne-Southbridge (ibhulorho esezantsi). Icandelo lokuqala liphatha unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-CPU, i-RAM kunye nekhadi lemizobo. Ngokwenxalenye yayo, ibhulorho esezantsi ilawula unxibelelwano kunye nezinye iiperipherals kunye neeyunithi zokugcina.
Ukwandiswa kweendawo
Iindawo zokubeka i-slots zifana neendawo zokubeka imemori, kodwa zenzelwe faka amakhadi okwandisa (imizobo, isandi, inethiwekhi, njl.). Ezi ndawo zokubeka zaziwa ngokuba yiPCIe (I-Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) okanye i-Express Interconnection peripheral Component.
Zonke iibhodi zekhompyuter zineendawo zokubeka iPCIe, kodwa ezi azisoloko zisetyenziswa. Iibhodi zoomama sele zinemizobo edibeneyo, isandi kunye nenethiwekhi. Nangona kunjalo, abo bafuna ukwandisa obu buchule, njengabadlali begeyimu okanye abaqulunqi, baphetha besebenzisa iindawo zokubeka ukongeza amakhadi okwandisa.
La malungu ebhodi yomama Ziza ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye nesantya sokulinganisa: x1, x2, x4, x8, x16. Imodeli nganye ine-bandwidth eyahlukileyo, kunye ne-slot enemizila emininzi yeyona ine-bandwidth enkulu.
Izihlanganisi zokugcina
Ngaphakathi kwamacandelo ebhodi yomama kukho izihlanganisi zokugcina, ezifana SATA (Serial ATA) kunye M.2 izibuko. Izibuko ze-SATA zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iidrive zokugcina: I-hard drives, i-slid state drives kunye nabafundi be-optical. Kwinxalenye yabo, iindawo zokubeka i-M.2 zenzelwe ukufaka iiyunithi zokugcina ze-SSD, ezifana ne-slid state drives kodwa ngokukhawuleza.
Izihlanganisi zamandla
Ngaphandle kweziqhagamshelo zamandla, akukho nalinye lamacandelo kwi-motherboard elinokusebenza. Ezi ziqhagamshelo Banoxanduva lokufumana umsinga wombane kumthombo wamandla. Banoyilo olulodwa kunye nolwahlukileyo ukwenza kube lula kwaye kube lula ukuba bachonge kwaye benze unxibelelwano ngaphandle kweempazamo.
Esona sidibanisi samandla kwiibhodi zemotherboard sikholisa ukuba 24-pin ATX, ephethe i-voltages ye-3.5v, i-5v kunye ne-12v. Kukho kwakhona i izihlanganisi ezincedisayo, esetyenziselwa ukuthwala amandla kumalungu athile, njenge-CPU. Amanye amazibuko iindawo zokubeka ezikufutshane kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukunika amandla amakhadi egraphics anikezelweyo kunye nezinye izinto ezongezelelweyo.
Izibuko zecandelo langaphandle lebhodi yomama
Amazibuko angaphandle bonke izihlanganisi motherboard zangaphandle, ngasemva nangaphambili. Ziquka i-port input / output port ezifana ne-USB port, i-Ethernet, iziphumo zomsindo, i-HDMI, i-DisplayPort kunye nabanye. Zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa zonke iintlobo zeeperipherals, ukusuka kwikhibhodi kunye ne mouse ukuya kwiidrive zokugcina zangaphandle kunye nokunye.
Oko ndandimncinci kakhulu bendinomdla kakhulu malunga nayo yonke into enxulumene nenkqubela phambili yesayensi kunye nezobuchwepheshe, ngakumbi ezo zenza ubomi bethu bube lula kwaye bumnandi. Ndiyakuthanda ukuhlala ndisazi ngeendaba zamva nje kunye nentsingiselo, kunye nokwabelana ngamava am, izimvo kunye neengcebiso malunga nezixhobo kunye nezixhobo endizisebenzisayo. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni ndibe ngumbhali wewebhu kancinane kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo, ngokuyintloko egxile kwizixhobo ze-Android kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza zeWindows. Ndiye ndafunda ukuchaza ngamazwi alula into entsonkothileyo ukuze abafundi bam bayiqonde lula.