Inkcubeko yeTupí Guaraní, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiTupí-Guaraní Culture, ibhekisa kwiseti yezithethe kunye nezithethe zamaqela amabini ezizwe zomthonyama eMzantsi Melika: iTupí kunye neGuaraní. Aba bantu, ababehlala ngokwembali kwimimandla emikhulu yaseBrazil, eParaguay, eArgentina naseBolivia, bashiye ilifa lenkcubeko eninzi neyahlukeneyo efanele ukuphononongwa ngokweenkcukacha. Ngeli nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa izinto eziphambili zeNkcubeko yeTupí Guaraní, kubandakanywa ulwimi lwayo, intlangano yentlalontle, i-mythology yayo ecebileyo, kunye nobuchule obuphawulekayo kwimisebenzi yezandla kunye nezolimo. Siza kufumanisa ukuba le nkcubeko iye yahlala njani kwiinkulungwane kunye nendlela impembelelo yayo ekhoyo ngayo kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo zangoku ngaphakathi kwendawo.
1. Isingeniso kwiNkcubeko yaseTupí Guaraní
Inkcubeko yeTupí Guaraní, ekwabizwa ngokuba yinkcubeko yaseGuaraní, yenye yezona zindala kunye nommeli omkhulu eMzantsi Melika. Ifumaneka ikakhulu kwimimandla yaseParaguay, eArgentina, eBrazil naseUruguay. Le nkcubeko yemveli inembali etyebileyo, izithethe ezikhethekileyo, kunye nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kummandla.
I-Tupí Guaraní ibonakaliswe yindlela yokuphila yoluntu, intlonipho enzulu yendalo kunye nokuxhamla kwabo ngokomoya kunye nehlabathi elibangqongileyo. Umbutho wabo wentlalontle usekelwe kwiintsapho ze-matrilineal, apho abafazi badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthathweni kwezigqibo kunye nokusasazwa kolwazi.
Umoya yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwinkcubeko yesiGuaraní. Bakholelwa kuthotho lwezithixo nakwimimoya yendalo, abayinqula ngemisitho, imidaniso nezithethe. Ukongeza, amayeza emveli kunye ne-shamanism idlala indima ephambili kwinkcubeko yeTupí Guaraní, ithathwa njengendlela yokunxibelelana noThixo kunye nokuphilisa. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, le nkcubeko iye yaxhathisa kwaye yagcina amasiko ayo nangona impembelelo yaseNtshona, igcina ubuni bayo obukhethekileyo kunye nelifa lenkcubeko liphila.
2. Imvelaphi kunye nokuhanjiswa kwendawo yenkcubeko yeTupí Guaraní
Inkcubeko yeTupí Guaraní yenye yezona nkcubeko zindala kunye nezona zixhaphakileyo eMzantsi Melika. Imvelaphi yayo isusela kumawaka eminyaka, kummandla weAmazon. Uphononongo lwe-Archaeological lubonise i-estiges kunye ne-artifacts ebonisa ubukho bale nkcubeko kwiindawo zaseBrazil, eParaguay, e-Uruguay nakwiindawo zaseArgentina.
Ukusasazwa ngokwejografi kwenkcubeko yaseTupí Guaraní kwagubungela indawo enkulu eyandisiweyo, iqhelana nendalo engqongileyo eyahlukeneyo efana namahlathi, amahlathi kunye namathafa. Uluntu lwaseTupí Guaraní lwasekwa ecaleni kwemilambo nakwiindawo eziselunxwemeni, lusebenzisa ubutyebi bendalo obunikelwa yile nkqubo yokuphilisana kwezidalwa ukuze baphile.
Inkcubeko ye-Tupí Guaraní yayiphawulwe ngumbutho wayo wentlalo ngokusekelwe kwizizwe okanye izizwe. Isizwe ngasinye sasibunjwa ziintsapho eziliqela ezazihlala kwintsimi enye nolwimi olunye. Ezi ndawo bezinoqoqosho olusekelwe kwezolimo, apho ubukhulu becala bezilima umbona, icassava nezinye iimveliso zemveli. Babekwangabazingeli nabalobi abanobuchule, besebenzisa ezo ntlobo-ntlobo yezilwanyana kunye nezityalo zokusingqongileyo. Urhwebo lwalukwayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi babo, benaniselana ngeempahla nangezinto eziphathekayo nezinye izizwe ezingabamelwane.
3. Iimpawu zenkcubeko ezihlukeneyo zeTupí Guaraní
AmaTupí-Guaraní ngabantu bomthonyama abahlala kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yoMzantsi Merika, ngakumbi eBrazil, eParaguay naseArgentina. Le nkcubeko ibonisa iimpawu ezizodwa kunye nezahlukileyo zenkcubeko eziye zasasazwa ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwesinye.
Enye yeempawu eziphawulekayo zeTupí-Guaraní yinkqubo yabo yeenkolelo kunye nezenzo zomoya. Aba bantu bomthonyama banonxibelelwano olomeleleyo nendalo kwaye bathathela ingqalelo ukuba zonke izinto ezikummandla wabo zinomoya. Bakholelwa kubukho bezidalwa ezinamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo kwaye bathi amandla akhethekileyo kwizilwanyana, izityalo kunye nezinto zendalo. Le nkolelo ibonakala kwizithethe namasiko abo onqulo, apho banikela iminikelo yokubulela nokucela inkuselo.
Olunye uphawu olwahlukileyo lwenkcubeko yeTupí-Guaraní yinkqubo yabo yombutho wentlalo. Olu hlanga luququzelelwe kuluntu olubizwa ngokuba yi-"tekoa", olukhokelwa yinkosi ye-cacique okanye yesizwe. I-Tupí-Guaraní ixabisa ukulingana kunye nentsebenziswano kuluntu lwabo, yingakho benza izigqibo ngokudibeneyo kwaye bafune inhlalakahle yawo onke amalungu abo. Ngaphezu koko, banesithethe sokwabelana ngempahla kunye nezibonelelo zabo omnye komnye, ngaloo ndlela besomeleza amaqhina oluntu kunye nomanyano.
4. Umbutho wezentlalo kunye nezopolitiko weTupí Guaraní Culture
Inkcubeko yaseTupí Guaraní ibonakaliswe ngumbutho wayo owenziwe kakhulu wezentlalo nezopolitiko. Uluntu lwawo lwahlulahlulwe lwaba ziziduko okanye izizwe, ngasinye sinenkokeli yaso nenkqubo yalo yolawulo. Ezi zizwe zidityaniswe zaba yimibutho ekhokelwe yinkosi eyongamileyo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-cacique.
Umbutho wezentlalo we-Tupí Guaraní usekelwe ekubuyiseleni kunye nokubambisana phakathi kwamalungu ayo. Isizwe ngasinye sinoxanduva lwaso kunye neendima eluntwini. Umzekelo, ezinye izizwe zizinikele ekuzingeleni nasekulobeni, ngelixa ezinye ziphethe ezolimo kunye nokuqokelela iziqhamo.
Kwinkcubeko yaseTupí Guaraní, izigqibo ezibalulekileyo zenziwa ngokudibeneyo, ngeendibano kunye neentlanganiso apho onke amalungu oluntu athatha inxaxheba. Ezi ndibano zichotshelwa yinkosi kwaye zilawulwa yinkqubo yokuvumelana, apho injongo ikukufikelela kwizivumelwano ezizuzisa lonke iqela. Ukongeza, kukho iinkokeli zoluntu ezinoxanduva lokulamla iingxabano kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yentlalo esekiweyo.
5. Uqoqosho kunye nokuphila kuluntu lwaseTupí Guaraní
Uqoqosho kunye nokuphila eluntwini I-Tupí Guaraní yayisekelwe ikakhulu kwezolimo nokuzingela. Le misebenzi yayibalulekile ukuze baziphilise yaye bakhule, ekubeni babebavumela ukuba bafumane ukutya nezinto eziyimfuneko kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Ulimo lwaluqhutywa ngobuchule besintu obufana nokusika nokutshisa, apho umhlaba wawucocwa kwaye ulungiselelwa ukutyala izityalo ezifana nombona, icassava kunye necuba. Kwelinye icala, ukuzingela kwakubangela ukuba kubekho ukutya nempahla yenyama nezikhumba zezilwanyana.
Urhwebo lwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho loluntu lwaseTupí Guaraní. Ngokutshintshiselana ngeemveliso, ezifana neentsiba, iiseramikhi, amalaphu kunye nokutya, amaqhina entsebenziswano phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo aye omelezwa. Olu rhwebo lwenziwa zombini kwinqanaba lendawo, phakathi kwamalungu oluntu ngokwawo, nakwinqanaba lommandla, kunye nezinye izizwe ezikufutshane. I-Barter yayiyinkqubo eyayisetyenziselwa ukutshintshiselana ngempahla, apho imveliso nganye yayinexabiso elimiselweyo.
Ukongeza kwezolimo, ukuzingela kunye norhwebo, uluntu lwaseTupí Guaraní luphuhlise neminye imisebenzi yezoqoqosho ehambelanayo. Phakathi kwazo kwakukho ukuloba, okwakuqhutyelwa kwimilambo namachibi akufutshane, kunye nokuqokelela iziqhamo zasendle kunye nembewu, ezazisetyenziselwa ukutya kunye nokwenza imisebenzi yezandla. Le misebenzi yayiqhutywa ngamadoda nabafazi, ekubeni ilungu ngalinye loluntu lalinegalelo elibonakalayo ekuxhaseni uluntu.
6. Uyilo kunye nolwakhiwo kwiNkcubeko yaseTupí Guaraní
Uyilo kunye nolwakhiwo kwiNkcubeko yaseTupí Guaraní yimbonakaliso yendlela yabo yokuphila kunye nokudibanisa kwabo nendalo. Olu luntu lwemveli, luzinze kwiindawo zaseBrazil, eParaguay, eArgentina naseBolivia, lushiye ilifa elimangalisayo lezakhiwo ezisalondolozwayo. kule mihla.
Enye yeempawu ezibalaseleyo ze-architecture ye-Tupi Guaraní kukusetyenziswa kwezinto zendalo, ezifana nemithi, i-cane kunye neendiza. Ezi zinto zidityaniswe ngobuchule ukuze zakhe izindlu ezikwaziyo ukumelana nemozulu yaloo mmandla. Ubuchule bokwakha ngokuqhelekileyo bubandakanya ukuthungelwa kweenkonkxa kunye neentonga, ezisetyenziswa njengesona sakhiwo siphambili, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendiza kuphahla.
Amakhaya aseTupi Guaraní anosasazo olucwangcisiweyo lwesithuba. Iindawo zangaphakathi zihlelwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nekhitshi, igumbi lokulala kunye nommandla oqhelekileyo. Ukongezelela, ezi zakhiwo zihlala zineenkqubo zokungenisa umoya zendalo, zithatha ithuba lokujikeleza komoya kunye nendawo yeqhinga lokuvula. I-architecture kunye nolwakhiwo kwiNkcubeko yaseTupí Guaraní bubungqina bobulumko kunye nobuchule bolu luntu lwabemi bomthonyama, ababeyazi indlela yokulungelelanisa ngokuhambelana nendawo yendalo abazifumana kuyo.
7. Inkqubo yenkolelo kunye nenkolo kwiNkcubeko yaseTupí Guaraní
Inkcubeko yamaTupí Guaraní ibonakaliswe yinkqubo yenkolelo kunye nenkolo esekelwe kwindalo kunye ne-cosmos. Imbono yabo yehlabathi isekelwe kwinkolelo yobuthixo bendalo, kunye nenkolelo yokuba zonke izinto zobomi zidibene kwaye zisebenzisana rhoqo. Ukuqwalasela nokuhlonipha indalo kubalulekile ukugcina ukulingana kunye nokuvisisana kuluntu.
AmaTupí Guarani anqula oothixo nemimoya eyahlukahlukeneyo, abathi banamandla neempawu ezikhethekileyo. Omnye wezithixo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwi-pantheon yabo nguthixo weLanga, othathwa njengowona mboneleli oyintloko wobomi namandla. Kwakhona banqula uthixokazi yenyanga, kwimimoya yemilambo, yeentaba neyezilwanyana, nakwiminyanya ehlonelwayo nekhunjulwayo kwizithethe nakwimibhiyozo.
Amasiko kunye nemibhiyozo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bukaTupí Guaraní kunye nesazisi. Olu qheliselo lonqulo luquka imingqungqo, iingoma, iminikelo nemisitho yokuzukisa oothixo nemimoya. Ngexesha lale mibhiyozo, unxibelelwano kunye nokunxibelelana noThixo kuyafunwa, iintsikelelo kunye nokhuseleko luyacelwa, kwaye umbulelo nentlonipho kwindalo kunye nezinyanya zibonakaliswa. Iintsomi kunye neentsomi nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusasazeni imbono yehlabathi kunye nezithethe zenkcubeko yeTupí Guaraní, ukunceda ukugcina isithethe sabo kunye nelifa lokomoya liphila.
Isishwankathelo, inkqubo yenkolelo kunye nenkolo ye-Tupí Guaraní Culture isekelwe ekuxhumaneni okunzulu kunye nendalo kunye nokuqatshelwa kobuthixo kuyo yonke into yobomi. Amasiko abo, oothixo kunye nezenzo zonqulo zibonakalisa ukufuna kwabo ukulingana, imvisiswano kunye nentlonipho engcwele. Le miba ibalulekile ekuqondeni ubuni kunye nembono yehlabathi ye-Tupí Guaraníes.
8. Ukubonakaliswa kobugcisa kunye neempawu kwiNkcubeko yaseTupí Guaraní
Babaluleke kakhulu ukuba baqonde imbono yabo yehlabathi kunye nendlela abanxibelelana ngayo nendawo yabo. La mabinzana obugcisa aquka iinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neeseramikhi, ukupeyinta umzimba, umculo kunye nomdaniso.
I-Ceramics yenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo zokubonakaliswa kobugcisa beTupí Guaraní Culture. Iinqanawa zeCeramic zineentlobo ezininzi zeemilo kunye nokuyila, ezimele zombini izinto zendalo kunye nezidalwa ze-mythological. Ukongeza, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhombisa zazisetyenziswa njengokutyibilika, ukusika kunye nokukhululeka. Ezi nqanawa zazisetyenziselwa zombini ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla kunye neenjongo zemikhosi.
Olunye uhlobo olubalulekileyo lokubonakaliswa kobugcisa kwi-Tupí Guaraní ngumdwebo womzimba. Lo mkhuba uquka ukusebenzisa i-pigments yendalo eluswini, usebenzisa iidizayini ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu. Ukupeyinta umzimba kwakunentsingiselo efuziselayo kwaye kwakusetyenziswa kuzo zombini izithethe nakwimibhiyozo yomthendeleko. Ukongezelela, imibala esetyenzisiweyo yayineentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo, ezinjengobomvu obumele amandla nesibindi, kwaye umhlophe ubonisa ubunyulu nobumoya.
9. Indima yabasetyhini kuluntu lwaseTupí Guaraní
Wayesisiseko kwaye exatyiswe kakhulu. Amabhinqa ayenendima ebalulekileyo ekuhlaleni, ekhaya nakwezopolitiko nakwezonqulo. Igalelo labo lavunywa kwaye lahlonelwa ngawo onke amalungu oluntu.
Kwinqanaba lasekhaya, abafazi bakaTupí Guaraní babenembopheleleko yokunyamekela ikhaya nokukhulisa abantwana. Ukongeza, babeziingcali ekwenzeni izixhobo kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko kubomi bemihla ngemihla, njengeebhasikithi, iiseramics kunye nokuluka. Umsebenzi wakhe kwezolimo nawo wawubalulekile, ejongene nokutyala nokuvuna ukutya, kwanokulungiselela lokutya kuluntu.
Kwezopolitiko nakwezonqulo, amabhinqa kaTupí Guaraní ayenenxaxheba. Ngaphandle kokuboniswana kwabo ekwenzeni izigqibo ezibalulekileyo, babekwazi nokukhokela imisebenzi ethile. Ngokomzekelo, amabhinqa ayephethe izithethe zonqulo yaye ayegqalwa njengabalamleli phakathi koothixo noluntu. Ubulumko nolwazi lwabo lwaluxatyiswe kakhulu yaye luthathelwa ingqalelo xa kusenziwa izigqibo phakathi kwabantu.
Ngamafutshane, wayebaluleke kakhulu. Amabhinqa ayedlala iindima ezininzi, kwezasekhaya nakwezopolitiko nakwezonqulo. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwakhe ngenkuthalo nobulumko kwahlonitshwa kwaye kwaxatyiswa ngawo onke amalungu oluntu. Ulwazi kunye nezakhono zabasetyhini baseTupí Guaraní baba negalelo kwintlalontle kunye nophuhliso loluntu ngokubanzi.
10. Impembelelo kunye nelifa leNkcubeko yaseTupí Guaraní kwiinkcubeko zangoku
Inkcubeko yaseTupí Guarani ishiye ilifa elibalulekileyo kwiinkcubeko zangoku zaseMzantsi Melika. Impembelelo yayo inokubonwa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kulwimi kunye nomculo ukuya kwi-gastronomy kunye nobugcisa. Ngezantsi, siza kuphonononga ezinye zezinto eziphambili zempembelelo kunye nelifa lenkcubeko yeTupí Guarani kwiinkcubeko zangoku.
1. Ulwimi: Elinye lawona manyathelo makhulu enkcubeko yesiTupí Guarani lulwimi lwayo, isiGuarani, esithethwa kumazwe aliqela kulo mmandla. Olu lwimi lushiye uphawu olunzulu kwiilwimi zasekuhlaleni, luphembelela isigama negrama yazo. Namhlanje, amagama amaninzi eSpanish nesiPhuthukezi anemvelaphi yesiGuarani.
2. Umculo nomdaniso: Umculo nomdaniso nazo ziye zaphenjelelwa yinkcubeko yamaTupí Guarani. Izixhobo zomculo zemveli kunye nezingqisho, ezifana ne-mbira kunye ne-maracas, ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemibhiyozo kunye nemibhiyozo kwingingqi. Ngapha koko, umdaniso uhlala uluhlobo olubalulekileyo lokubonakaliswa kobugcisa kunye mamaxesha amaninzi Imidaniso yeTupí Guarani yesiNtu iyenziwa kwimisitho yenkcubeko.
3. I-Gastronomy kunye nemisebenzi yezandla: I-Gastronomy kunye nezobugcisa zezinye iindawo apho impembelelo yenkcubeko ye-Tupí Guarani inokubongwa. Izitya zemveli, ezifana ne-chip kunye ne-mbejú, ziyingxenye ukusuka ekhitshini yendawo eParaguay nakwamanye amazwe akulo mmandla. Ukongezelela, ubuchule kunye noyilo lwezandla ze-Tupí Guarani, ezifana nebhasikithi kunye ne-weaving, ziye zahlala ziphila ixesha elide kwaye zixabiswa njengelifa lenkcubeko.
Isishwankathelo, inkcubeko yeTupí Guarani ishiye impembelelo engapheliyo kwiinkcubeko zangoku zaseMzantsi Melika. Impembelelo yayo ibonakaliswa kulwimi, umculo, umdaniso, i-gastronomy kunye nemisebenzi yezandla. Ezi zinto ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeempawu zenkcubeko zommandla kwaye zinegalelo kwiyantlukwano yenkcubeko yaseMzantsi Melika.
11. Ukufunyanwa kwezinto zakudala kunye nobungqina beNkcubeko yaseTupí Guaraní
Inkcubeko yeTupí Guaraní yenye yezona nkcubeko zibalulekileyo zemveli eMzantsi Melika kwaye ishiye ubungqina obubalulekileyo bezinto zakudala kumazwe aliqela kulo mmandla. Ezi ziphumo zibonelela ngengqiqo ebalulekileyo kwindlela yokuphila, izakhiwo zentlalo kunye neenkolelo zale nkcubeko yamandulo.
Enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo ezifunyenwe kwi-archaeological ye-Tupí Guaraní Culture yi-ceramics. Izitya zodongwe, iipleyiti kunye neeurns ezifunyenweyo zibonisa inqanaba eliphezulu lobuchule kunye nobuchule kwimveliso yazo. Ezi ziqwenga zihlala zihonjiswe ngemifanekiso yejometri kunye nemifanekiso yabantu okanye yezilwanyana, ebonisa ukubaluleka kobugcisa kunye nesimboli kwinkcubeko yaseTupí Guaraní.
Ukongeza kwi-ceramics, obunye ubungqina be-archaeological bale nkcubeko bubandakanya izixhobo zamatye, iintsalela zezindlu kunye nezakhiwo zemikhosi, kunye nezixhobo zemihla ngemihla ezifana nemihlobiso kunye nezixhobo zokuzingela. Ezi zinto zifunyenweyo zisivumela ukuba siphinde sihlaziye indlela abahlali baseTupí Guaraní bamandulo ababehlala ngayo, babecwangciswe ngokwentlalo kwaye banxulumene nokusingqongileyo. Ngobu bungqina, sinokuyiqonda ngcono indlela le nkcubeko eqhelaniswe ngayo kwaye yakhula kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zejografi kunye nokusingqongileyo kummandla waseMzantsi Melika.
12. Ubudlelwane phakathi kweenkcubeko kunye neengxabano ngexesha le-Tupí Guaraní
Ngexesha le-Tupí Guaraní, ubudlelwane benkcubeko kunye neengxabano zaziyimpawu eziphindaphindiweyo ngenxa yokuhlalisana kwamaqela eentlanga ezahlukeneyo kummandla. Olu ngquzulwano lwavela ikakhulu ngenxa yeeyantlukwano zenkcubeko, iingxabano ngemimandla kunye nokhuphiswano lobutyebi bendalo.
Ukusombulula ezi ngxaki, kuyimfuneko ukukhuthaza iingxoxo kunye nothethathethwano phakathi kwamaqela abandakanyekayo. Isicwangciso esisebenzayo kukukhuthaza ukuqondana kunye nokuhlonela iiyantlukwano zenkcubeko. Iintlanganiso zenkcubeko zingacwangciswa apho kwabelwana ngamava kwaye kufundwe kwizithethe zeqela ngalinye. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza ukwenziwa kweendawo zokuthatha inxaxheba kunye nokwenziwa kwezigqibo ngokubambisana, ukuze onke amaqela azive emelwe kwaye nezimvo zawo zithathelwe ingqalelo.
Ukongeza kwingxoxo kunye nothetha-thethwano, kubalulekile ukuba kubekho iindlela ezisebenzayo zokusombulula impixano. Ngale ndlela, iinkqubo zolamlo zinokumiselwa, apho abantu abangakhethi buso nabaqeqeshiweyo basebenza njengabaququzeleli ekusombululeni iingxabano. Iinkqubo zolamlo okanye iinkundla zobulungisa nazo zinokusekwa ezinoxanduva lokusombulula iingxabano ezinokuvela phakathi kwamaqela eentlanga ngendlela engakhethi cala nelinganayo.
13. Ukuhla kunye nokunyamalala kweNkcubeko yaseTupí Guaraní
Yayiyinkqubo eyathabatha iinkulungwane eziliqela neyayinezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Apha ngezantsi zezinye zezinto eziphambili ezibe negalelo kule nto iyimbali:
1. Qhagamshelana nabakholoni: Ukufika kwamakholoniyali aseYurophu kwilizwekazi laseMelika kwazisa ukunyanzeliswa kwenkcubeko, amasiko kunye neenqobo zabo kuluntu lwemveli. Oku kwakhokelela ekujongelwe phantsi nasekucinezelweni kwabantu baseTupí Guaraní, kunye nokulahlekelwa ngokuthe ngcembe kweempawu zabo kunye neendlela zabo zesithethe zokuphila.
2. Izifo kunye nokuhla kwenani labantu: Kunye nolo loyiso kwabakho izifo ezazingaziwa ngamaMerika Omthonyama, njengengqakaqha nemasisi. Ezi zifo zanciphisa abantu baseTupí Guaraní, zichaphazela kakhulu isakhiwo sabo sentlalo kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukugcina inkcubeko yabo ngexesha.
3. Ukuphulukana nomhlaba kunye neendlela zokuphila: Njengoko ikoloni yayiqhubela phambili, abantu baseTupí Guaraní bagxothwa kumazwe ooyise, ngaloo ndlela baphulukana nolwalamano lwabo kunye ngileyo kunye nobutyebi bendalo obaxhasayo. Oku kubanyanzele ukuba baziqhelanise neendlela ezintsha zokuphila kwaye balahle izithethe zabo, nto leyo eyathi yakhawulezisa ukubhubha kwabo.
14. Ukubuyiselwa kunye nokugcinwa kwememori yeNkcubeko yaseTupí Guaraní
Lo ngumsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukusasazwa kunye nokuqhubela phambili ilifa lembali. Okulandelayo, uthotho lwe amanyathelo angundoqo oko kuya kunceda ukujongana nalo mngeni:
1. Ukuqokelela okupheleleyo kolwazi: Uphando olunzulu kunye nolunzulu lwemithombo yembali kufuneka lwenziwe, njengamaxwebhu agciniweyo, amaxwebhu, ubungqina bomlomo kunye neerekhodi ze-archaeological ezinokubonelela ngedatha efanelekileyo malunga nenkcubeko yeTupí Guaraní. Kubalulekile ukuqokelela ulwazi oluninzi kangangoko ukuze ufumane umfanekiso opheleleyo.
2. Ukufakwa kweDijithali kunye nokugcinwa kolwazi: Ukuphepha ukulahleka kwedatha ebalulekileyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibanise kwaye ugcine lonke ulwazi oluqokelelwe kwiifomathi ezikhuselekileyo nezifikelelekayo. Oku kuya kuvumela ukuba amaxwebhu embali agcinwe ngendlela ehlala ihleli kwaye kuya kuququzelela ukusasazwa kwawo, kwi-intanethi nakwamanye amajelo osasazo ombane okanye ashicilelweyo.
Ukuqukumbela, i-Tupí Guaraní Culture imele ilifa elixabisekileyo lembali kunye nenkcubeko kummandla waseMzantsi Melika. Ngobuchule babo nokuziqhelanisa neemeko, bakwazi ukuseka ibutho labantu elilungeleleneyo nelinempumelelo, nto leyo eyashiya uphawu olungagungqiyo kwimbali yempucuko yaseMelika. Isithethe saso esityebileyo somlomo, ulwazi olunzulu lwendalo, isakhono kwiiseramikhi, kunye nenkqubo entsonkothileyo karhulumente ibonisa ukuntsonkotha nobugocigoci bale nkcubeko yamandulo.
Iinkolelo zokomoya zikaTupí Guaraní, eziphawulwa ngokunxulumana nendalo kunye nokukholelwa kwizidalwa ezinamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo, nazo zikufanele ukunconywa. Impembelelo yayo kwiimbono zehlabathi zangoku inokubonwa kwizithethe kunye nezithethe ezisaqhutywa kwiindawo ezithile zomthonyama, ngaloo ndlela igcina undoqo wale nkcubeko yamandulo iphila.
Kubalulekile ukugcina kunye nokuxabisa iNkcubeko yaseTupí Guaraní, ukuqonda igalelo layo lembali kunye nenkcubeko ukuxabisa ubutyebi kunye nokwahluka koluntu lwaseMzantsi Melika. Ngokuhlonela kunye nokukhuselwa kwelifa lenkcubeko yabo, sinokufunda izifundo ezibalulekileyo malunga nokulungelelaniswa nendalo, ukomelela xa kukho utshintsho olubi, kunye nokubaluleka kokugcina izithethe zookhokho ziphila. Kuphela ngale ngqalelo kunye nenkxaso sinokuqinisekisa ukusinda kunye nokuqhubeka kweNkcubeko yaseTupí Guaraní kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Ekugqibeleni, iNkcubeko yeTupí Guaraní bubungqina obuqaqambileyo bobuchule bomntu kunye nobuchule bokudala, kwaye ifanele ukuxatyiswa kwaye ifundwe ngokupheleleyo. Impembelelo yayo iyaqhubeka nanamhlanje kwaye ibalulekile ekuqondeni imbali kunye nobutyebi benkcubeko yaseMzantsi Melika.
NdinguSebastián Vidal, injineli yekhompyuter ethanda itekhnoloji kunye ne-DIY. Ngaphaya koko, ndingumdali we tecnobits.com, apho ndabelana ngee-tutorials ukwenza itekhnoloji ifikeleleke kwaye iqondeke kumntu wonke.