Ukufumana njani ukusilela kwe-SSD ngemiyalelo ye-SMART ephezulu

Ukuba unexhala malunga nempilo yogcino lwakho, ukwindawo elungileyo: kunye ne Itekhnoloji ye-SMART Unokuqikelela ukusilela kwe-SSD kunye ne-HDD kwaye ugcine idatha yakho ngexesha. Eli nqaku liyacacisa. Uzibona njani iimpazamo kwi-SSD yakho usebenzisa imiyalelo ye-SMART.

Ngaphandle kokufuna ukwazi, ukubeka esweni imeko yediski yinto ebalulekileyo qinisekisa ngokufumaneka kolwazi kunye nesicwangciso somthamo kunye nokusebenza. I-hard drive engaphumeleli ngokungalindelekanga inokuphazamisa iinkonzo, yonakalise igama lakho, kwaye ihlawule imali. Kwaye ngelixa i-SSD ingenzi ngxolo eninzi njenge-HDD, iimpawu zayo zikhona: isantya sehla, iimpazamo zokuchwetheza okanye ilahleko yedatha ngenxa yokunxiba kweeseli.

Yintoni i-SMART kwaye yintoni enokuyenza (kwaye ayikwazi) ukwenza

I-SMART sisishunqulelo se UkuZijonga, uHlahlelo kunye neTekhnoloji yokuNika iNgxeloUluhlu lweendlela kwi-firmware esweni iinguqu zangaphakathi zediski kwaye zikhuphe izilumkiso xa zifumanisa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli. Injongo yabo icacile: ukukunika ixesha lokuxhasa idatha yakho kwaye ubuyisele i-drive ngaphambi kokuba intlekele ihlasele.

Ukuze uyisebenzise, ​​​​kuyimfuneko ukuba motherboard (BIOS/UEFI) kwaye i-drive ngokwayo iyaxhasa kwaye ine-SMART yenziwe. Namhlanje iqhelekile kwi-SATA, i-SAS, i-SCSI kunye ne-NVMe, kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza zanamhlanje zisebenzisana nayo ngaphandle kweengxaki.

Iiparamitha ezilinganisa ziquka yonke into: ubushushu, amacandelo abelwe kwakhona, iimpazamo ze-CRCIxesha lokujikeleza kwe-injini, iimpazamo ezingalungisekiyo zokufunda/ukubhala, ukubalwa kwecandelo elilindileyo, isantya sokufuna, kunye neempawu ezininzi ezininzi. Umenzi ngamnye uchaza kwaye ulungelelanise iitafile zayo, kunye nemigangatho kunye nemilinganiselo eyamkelekileyo.

Kubalulekile: I-SMART ayenzi bugqi. Ikulumkisa kuphela. ukusilela okuqikelelweyo (ukunxiba, iingxaki zoomatshini eziqhubekayo, iibhloko ze-NAND eziwohlokileyo). Ayinakuqikelela iziganeko ngequbuliso njengokunyuka kwamandla okanye umonakalo we-elektroniki ngequbuliso. Izifundo ezifana nezo zikaGoogle kunye neBackblaze zibonisa ukuba ezinye izinto ziluncedo, kodwa Abayikhusi i-100% yokusilela.

Linux: smartmontools, imiyalelo engundoqo kunye neemvavanyo

Kwi-Linux, iphakheji ye-smartmontools ibandakanya iinxalenye ezimbini: smartctl (isixhobo se-console semibuzo kunye neemvavanyo) kunye krelekrele (i-daemon ebeka iliso kunye nezilumkiso nge-syslog okanye i-imeyile). Isimahla kwaye iyahambelana SATA, SCSI, SAS kunye neNVMe.

Ukufakela (umzekelo Debian/Ubuntu): sudo apt install smartmontoolsKolunye unikezelo, isebenzisa umphathi ohambelanayo; ukufumaneka kwi-Linux kunye ne-BSD kuxhaphake kwaye Akufunekanga ikwenzele naziphi na iingxaki..

Okokuqala beka iiyunithi. Ungadwelisa iindibano nge df -h okanye uchonge iidiski kunye nezahlulo nge sudo fdisk -lKhumbula: i-smartctl isebenza kwisixhobo, hayi kwisahlulelo; oko kukuthi, kwi /dev/sdX okanye /dev/nvmeXnY.

Imiyalelo ebalulekileyo nge smartctl ye qala ukusebenza nge-SMART kwidiski ethile:

• Jonga inkxaso kunye nobume be-SMART: sudo smartctl -i /dev/sda
• Vula i-SMART Ukuba ivaliwe: sudo smartctl -s on /dev/sda
• Jonga zonke iimpawu kunye neelog: sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda
• Ukuzivavanya okufutshane (ngokukhawuleza): sudo smartctl -t short /dev/sda
• Ukuzivavanya ixesha elide (ngokubanzi): sudo smartctl -t long /dev/sda
• IsiShwankathelo seMpilo: sudo smartctl -H /dev/sda

Cwangcisa uvavanyo olufutshane rhoqo ngeveki kunye novavanyo olude rhoqo ngenyanga nge-cron ukuya ukunciphisa impembelelo kwaye ube neenkcukacha zembaliYenza iimvavanyo kusasa okanye ngexesha lomthwalo ophantsi; ngexesha lovavanyo olude uya kuqaphela ukwanda kwe-latency kunye nokuhla kwe-IOPS.

Iindibano zokuthiywa kwesixhobo kwiLinux

Ngokuxhomekeke kumlawuli kunye nojongano, uya kubona iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Eminye imizekelo eqhelekileyo yokuqaphela iidrive kunye nabalawuli: /dev/sd, /dev/nvmen, /dev/sg*Ukongeza kwiindlela ezithile kwi-3ware okanye abalawuli be-HP (cciss/hpsa), ukuqonda indlela echanekileyo kuthintela Hlalutya isixhobo esingalunganga.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye neelog (ATA/SCSI/NVMe)

I-SMART igcina iilogi zeempazamo zamva nje kwaye izibonise kwifomu eneekhowudi. I-ATA Uya kubona iimpazamo ezintlanu zokugqibela kunye namanani kunye neekhowudi; kwi I-SCSI Ukufunda, ukubhala, kunye nezibali zokungaphumeleli kokuqinisekisa zidweliswe; kwi I-NVMe Ungeniso lwelogi yemposiso ishicilelwe (ngokungagqibekanga i-16 yamva nje).

Izishunqulelo eziqhelekileyo kwiziphumo zempazamo (eziluncedo kuxilongo olukhawulezayo): ABRT, AMNF, CCTO, EOM, ICRC, IDNF, MC, MCR, NM, TK0NF, UNC, WPUkuba zivela ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kukho a ingxaki yomzimba okanye yoqhagamshelwano ukuphanda.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuchonga iimpawu ezibalulekileyo nge-ID, ehlala ihambelana nokusilela okuzayo: 05, 10, 183, 184, 188, 196, 197, 198, 201, 230Ukunyuka okuzinzileyo kuyo nayiphi na kubo luphawu olubi.

Iimpawu ezi-SMART: indlela yokuzifunda kunye nokuba zeziphi ezimele unikele ingqalelo kuzo

Iinkqubo zibonisa iparameter nganye enemihlaba emininzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanya Isazisi (1-250), iThreshold, Ixabiso, Elona libi, kunye neData ekrwada, ukongeza kwiiflegi (nokuba zibalulekile, izibalo, njl.). Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo liqala phezulu kwaye iyancipha ngokusetyenziswaUkugqithisa umda kubangela isilumkiso.

Phakathi kwezona mpawu ziluncedo zokubona ukunxitywa okanye umonakalo, jonga: Relocated_Sector_Ct (amacandelo abelwe ngokutsha), Icandelo_Elilindileyo_Langoku (amacandelo alindileyo angazinzanga), Ngaphandle kweintanethi_Ayilungiswanga (iimpazamo ngaphandle kokulungiswa ngaphandle kweintanethi), Relocated_Event_Count (iziganeko zokwabelwa ngokutsha) kunye, kwi-HDD, Spin_Zama kwakhona_Bala (injini yokuqalisa iyazama kwakhona). Ezi zibalulekile kwii-SSD. Nxiba iNqanaba lokubala y Iintsilelo zeNkqubo/Ukucima.

Ubushushu buphikisana, kodwa ukugcina iyunithi engezantsi 60 °C Oku kunciphisa ukubakho kweempazamo. Jonga ukuhamba komoya kwe-chassis kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, yongeza i-NVMe heatsinks kwi-M.2 drives. kuphephe ukuxinana nokuthotywa.

IiWindows: WMIC, PowerShell kunye neCHKDSK

Ukukhangela ngokukhawuleza kwiinkqubo zeWindows ungasebenzisa i-console yakudala nge I-WMIC okanye i-PowerShell, ngaphandle kokufaka nayiphi na into eyongezelelweyo, kwaye emva koko wongeze ngesixhobo esibanzi se-SMART xa kuyimfuneko.

Ngomyalelo wePrompt njengomlawuli, sebenzisa: wmic diskdrive get model, statusUkuba ibuyisela KULUNGILE, imo ye-SMART ichanekile; ukuba ubona Ukusilela kwangaphambiliKukho iiparameters ezibalulekileyo kwaye zifanelekile Yenza ikopi kwaye ucinge ngokutshintshwa..

Kwi-PowerShell, qala njengomlawuli kwaye uqalise: Get-PhysicalDisk | Select-Object MediaType, Size, SerialNumber, HealthStatus. Intsimi Ubume beMpilo izakukubonisa iMpilo, isilumkiso okanye ayisempilweni, iluncedo Khangela iingxaki ngokukrwaqula.

Ukujonga kunye nokulungisa iimpazamo zesistim yeefayile ezinengqiqo, sebenzisa i-CHKDSK. Yenza lo myalelo ulandelayo kwikhonsoli ngamalungelo aphezulu: chkdsk C: /f /r /x ukulungisa iimpazamo, ukukhangela amacandelo amabi, kunye nokuqhaqha i-drive ukuba kuyimfuneko; ukuba ufuna isikhokelo Lungisa iiWindows emva kwentsholongwane eyingoziYijonge ngoku. Kwi-NTFS, ungasebenzisa chkdsk /scan kuhlalutyo lwe-intanethi.

macOS: Usetyenziso lweDiski kunye netheminali

KwiMac, uneendlela ezimbini ezilula kakhulu. Kwisandle esinye, Isixhobo seDiski (Iizicelo > Izinto eziluncedo): Khetha idrayivu ebonakalayo kwaye ucinezele Uncedo yokuqala ukulungisa inkqubo yefayile; Ukongeza, uya kubona i Ubume be-SMART njengokuQinisekiswa okanye kusilele.

Ukuba ukhetha i-terminal, sebenzisa diskutil info /Volumes/NombreDeTuDisco kwaye ujonge umgca we Ubume be-SMART. Ukuba kuQinisekisiwe kuluhlu, phefumla; kodwa, ugcino lwangoko kwaye ucinge ngokwenza utshintsho.

I-Linux eyongezelelweyo: dmesg, /sys kunye ne-GUI ene-GSmartControl

Ukongeza kwi-smartctl, kuyanceda ukujonga i-kernel log kuyo nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo: Iimpazamo ze-I/O okanye ukuphelelwa kwexesha komlawuli. Isihluzo esikhawulezayo singaba: dmesg | grep -i errorkwaye uyigcwalise ngemibandela efana nale failed o timeout.

Ngeenkcukacha zesixhobo ezisisiseko unokufunda iindlela zesixokelelwano ezifana /sys/block/sdX/device/model okanye izibalo ze /sys/block/sdX/statIluncedo xa ufuna qinisekisa umsebenzi kunye nemodeli ngaphandle kwezixhobo zangaphandle.

Ukuba ukhetha ujongano lomzobo, hlohla Ulawulo lwe-GSmart (umzekelo: sudo apt install -y gsmartcontrol) kwaye uyiqhube ngamalungelo omlawuli. Ikuvumela ukuba Jonga iimpawu, qhuba iimvavanyo ezimfutshane/ezinde, kunye neengxelo zokuthumela ngaphandle ngonqakrazo olumbalwa.

Izixhobo ezicetyiswayo zomntu wesithathu

Ukuya ngaphaya kwezinto ezisisiseko xa ufumanisa iimpazamo kwi-SSD yakho ngemiyalelo ye-SMART, unezixhobo ezidumileyo:

• Ulwazi lweCrystalDisk (IWindows) ikhululekile, icacile kwaye iyahambelana ne-SATA yangaphakathi nangaphandle kunye ne-NVMe; ibonisa iimpawu ze-SMART, amaqondo obushushu kunye neeyure zokusetyenziswa.
• I-HD Tune Yongeza iimephu zecandelo kunye neemvavanyo zesantya (inenguqulo ehlawulweyo).
• I-Sentinel yeDiski elukhuni Ijolise ekubekeni iliso okuqhubekayo, izilumkiso eziphambili kunye neengxelo; inguqulelo yayo yasimahla ilinganiselwe kodwa inamandla kakhulu ekutolikeni i-SMART.
• Ulawulo lwe-GSmart Isimahla kwaye ikuvumela ukuba wenze iimvavanyo kwaye ujonge iimpawu ezinojongano lomzobo.

Iimpawu zokuba i-SSD yakho okanye i-HDD ikwimilenze yayo yokugqibela

Dwelisa iimpawu eziqhelekileyo: Ukuqala kancinci, ukuvalwa okungalindelekanga, izikrini eziluhlaza zokufa (i-BSoD okanye i-kernel panic)Iifayile ezingayi kuvula okanye zonakaliswe, ukungakwazi ukuhlohla okanye ukuhlaziya, kunye nokuqhuba oko zinyamalale kwinkqubo okanye BIOS/UEFI.

Kwii-HDD, ingxolo yomatshini (ukuchofoza, ukuncwina, ukukhwaza) luphawu olubi. Kwii-SSD, khangela iimpazamo zokubhala. iimpazamo xa unyuswa umthamo kunye nokwanda kwamacandelo abelwe ngokutsha okanye ukubalwa kwe-attrition. Ukuba iingxaki ziphakathi, unganeliseki: Yenza ikopi ngoku.

Ukuthenga smart: into ekufuneka uyijonge xa ​​ukhetha iirekhodi ezintsha

Ixabisa iibrendi ezinegama elihle (Seagate, WD, Toshiba, Samsung), i ithipo de unidad (I-SSD yesantya, i-HDD yomthamo), i-interface (i-SATA, i-NVMe kwi-M.2 / PCIe), i-cache, kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu. ubuchule Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyiqikelele ngaphezulu kancinci kuneemfuno zakho zokwenyani.

Jonga ukuqina okubhengezwe (TBW kwi-SSD, iziqinisekiso, MTBF ngononophelo), i Ukusetyenziswa okulindelekileyo (Iimodeli zeNAS zihlala zenza kwaye ziphatha ngcono i-RAID) kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali: ngamanye amaxesha ukuhlawula kancinci kukunika uxolo lwengqondo kunye nobomi obuluncedo.

Unyino lwe-SMART: umxholo kunye nezifundo

I-SMART iluncedo kodwa ayifezekanga: zikhona ukungangqinelani phakathi kwabavelisi Kwiinkcazo kunye nokulinganisa, ezinye iimpawu zixabiseke kakhulu (zabelwe kwakhona, zilindile, azilungiswanga), ngelixa ezinye zinegalelo elincinci. U-backblaze ubonisa ukuba kuphela iimpawu ezimbalwa Ihambelana kakuhle nokusilela, kwaye uGoogle ubonise iimeko ze ukusilela ngaphandle kwesaziso kwangaphambili.

Ithetha ntoni le nto? Kuthetha ukuba i-SMART inceda ukulindela iingxaki ezininzi, kodwa isicwangciso sakho kufuneka sidibanise ukubeka iliso, ukungafuneki (i-RAID), i-backups kunye nokubuyisela. Musa ukuthembela kwirobhothi eluhlaza.

Ukuba isixhobo okanye inkqubo ingxelo Isilumkiso/Ukungaphumeleli okuqikelelweyo/Ukungaphumeleli1) Khuphela kangangoko ngoku, 2) Qinisekisa ngenye into eluncedo ukuqinisekisa, 3) Cwangcisa i ukutshintshwa kwangokoEmva kokwenza utshintsho, khangela i-RAID ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuphepha imingcipheko yokwakha ngokutsha.

Ukunamathela kwizinto ezibalulekileyo kunceda: I-SMART ilumkisa malunga neengxaki ezininzi ezizayo.Kodwa asingabo bonke; indlela ehlakaniphile yokusebenza kukudibanisa kunye neemvavanyo ezicwangcisiweyo, ii-backups ezilungileyo, kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wokutshintshwa ocacileyo xa iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ziqala ukuhamba.