Umahluko phakathi kobunzima beatom kunye nenani leatom

Intshayelelo

Kwimichiza, ukubunjwa kweeathom kubalulekile ekuqondeni indlela yokuziphatha kwezinto. Amagama amabini abalulekileyo kule ndawo bubunzima beathomu kunye nenani leathomu. Bahlala bebhidekile omnye komnye, kodwa eneneni banentsingiselo eyahlukileyo kakhulu.

Número atómico

Inombolo ye-atom linani leeprotons ezifumaneka kwinucleus ye-atom. Eli lixabiso elibaluleke kakhulu kwiikhemisti, njengoko limisela inani lee-electron ezijikeleze i-nucleus kwaye, ngoko ke, iipropati zeekhemikhali zento. Inombolo yeatom idla ngokumelwa ngunobumba u-Z. Isiqalelo ngasinye sinenani elilodwa leathom eliyahlula kwezinye ezikwi periodic table.

Masa atómica

Ubunzima beatom sisimbuku seeprotoni kunye neeneutron eziqulethwe kwinucleus yeathomu. Imelwe ngunobumba A. Ngokungafaniyo nenani leathomu, ubunzima beathom abuyiyo inani elipheleleyo, ekubeni iisotophu zento zinokuba namanani ahlukeneyo enutroni. Ke ngoko, ubunzima beatom bubalwa njengomndilili olinganisiweyo wobunzima bazo zonke iiisotopu ezikhoyo zento. kwindalo. Iyunithi yomlinganiselo wobunzima beatom yiyunithi yobunzima beatom (amu).

Umahluko

Ngamafutshane, inani leathom linani leeprotons iathom enayo, ngelixa ubunzima beathom sisimbuku seeprotons kunye nenyutroni kwinucleus yeathom. Inombolo yeatom yinani elipheleleyo esetyenzisiweyo ukwahlula ii-elementi kunye nokumisela iimpawu zeekhemikhali ze-athomu. Endaweni yoko, ubunzima beatom lixabiso ledesimali elimele iavareji enobunzima beeisotopes zento ethile.

Ejemplo

Thatha i-hydrogen njengomzekelo. IHydrojeni inenani leatom elingu-1. oko kuthetha ukuba Ineproton enye kwinucleus yayo. Noko ke, kukho isotopes ezintathu hydrogen: hydrogen-1 (akukho neutron), hydrogen-1 (2 neutron), kunye hydrogen-1 (3 neutron). Ubunzima beathom yehidrojeni bumalunga ne-2 amu, okuthetha ukuba eyona isotopu ixhaphakileyo yihydrogen-1.008.

Isiphelo

Ukuqukumbela, ubunzima be-atom kunye nenani le-athomu ngamagama amabini ahlukeneyo, kodwa zombini zibalulekile ukuqonda ukwakheka kwee-athom kunye neempawu zezinto. Kubalulekile ukuba ungabadibanisi kunye nokuqonda indlela abadibana ngayo ukuze baqonde ngcono i-chemistry.

Iireferensi:

• I-Chemistry LibreTexts. "Ubunzima beAtomic kunye neNombolo yeAtomic." Ifunyenwe kwi: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Atomic_and_Molecular_Properties/Atomic_and_Molecular_Structure/Atomic_Mass_and_Atomic_Number
• American Chemical Society. "Uthini umahluko phakathi kobunzima be-athomu kunye nobunzima be-athomu?" 2 Okthobha 2017. Ifunyenwe ku: https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/past-issues/2017-2018/october-2017/whats-difference-atomic-mass-weight.html