- I-DirectX 12, ngokukodwa kwi-Ultimate version, izisa i-DXR, i-VRS, i-mesh shaders kunye nokusetyenziswa okungcono kwe-multi-core.
- Akukho sibhengezo esisemthethweni seDirectX 13; ukwamkelwa kwe-API entsha kuya kucotha kwaye i-DX12 isakhula.
- I-DX12 ngokubanzi ibonelela ngozinzo olungcono kunye namandla okusebenza, nangona kukho imidlalo ethile eyenza ngcono kwi-DX11.
- Ukuthenga i-GPU namhlanje nge-DX12 engqondweni kukhuselekile; ukulinda i-DX13 ngaphandle komhla oqinisekisiweyo akufanelekanga.
Nangona namhlanje i-protagonist ephambili kwihlabathi lemidlalo I-DirectX 12Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni nge-hypothetical DirectX 13: ingaba iya kufika kungekudala kwaye kufanelekile ukulinda ukuthenga i-GPU. Kweli nqaku, siza kucacisa kwaye sithelekise. IDirectX 13 vs DirectX 12 ngokusekelwe kwinto eyaziwayo.
Kukho inyani enye ekungafanelanga ukuba ihoywe: I-DirectX 12 ikhona ukusukela ngo-2015, kwaye umtsi wayo omkhulu weza nenguqulelo yokugqibela, eyongeze ubuchwephesha obuphambili njengokulandela umkhondo we-ray, ukuguquguquka kombala, kunye nokunye. Okwangoku, UMicrosoft akazange abhengeze ngokusemthethweni ukukhutshwa kweDirectX 13. Enyanisweni, ezinye iingcali ziyathandabuza ukuba iya kubonakala kwixesha elifutshane.
Yintoni iDirectX kunye nendlela yokujonga inguqulelo yakho
IDirectX yiseti yeMicrosoft APIs eyenzelwe ukuvumela imidlalo kunye nosetyenziso lwemultimedia ukuba zinxibelelane ngokufanelekileyo ngehardware yePC. Ngamanye amazwi, isebenza njengebhulorho phakathi komdlalo, i GPU kunye nabaqhubi be-CPUukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu uthetha ulwimi olufanayo kwaye ulungelelaniswa ngokufanelekileyo.
Xa sithetha ngeDirectX, asibhekiseli kwi-API enye, kodwa kwi-ecosystem equka izinto ezininzi. Ezinye zezona zaziwa kakhulu zezi: I-Direct3D (imizobo ye-3D yemidlalo kunye nee -apps zesayensi), I-Direct2D (Imizobo ekhawulezayo ye-2D), Bhalela ngqo (unikezelo lombhalo olukumgangatho ophezulu), Izibalo zeDirectX (umgca wealgebra yeevekhtha kunye nematriki) okanye I-DirectML (ukudibanisa ukufunda ngomatshini). Bonke bebonke benza iphakheji ebisoloko ivela ukusukela ngeentsuku zeWindows 95.
Emva kwemifanekiso, unxibelelwano lulandela ukuhamba okucacileyo: isicelo sixhomekeke kwi-Direct3D kunye ne-DXGI (i-DirectX Graphics Infrastructure), i-mode-mode kunye ne-kernel-mode driver, kwaye ekugqibeleni, i-hardware ifikeleleke. Ngale ndlela, umdlalo uhambisa ungqamaniso olubalulekileyo kunye nemisebenzi yokufikelela kwi-hardware kwi-API ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okufanayo. Ekusetyenzisweni kwemihla ngemihla, Oku kukuvumela phantse yonke into Isebenza ngaphandle kokuba ulwe nenkqubo.
Kukho ezinye ii-APIs ezikwaziyo ukuqhuba imidlalo kwi-PC, njenge I-OpenGL o I-VulkanEzi zezinye ezihlonitshwa kakhulu ezisetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, iDirectX ihlala iyeyona ndlela iphambili kwiWindows ngenxa yokudityaniswa kwenkqubo, inkxaso yomqhubi, kunye nophuculo oluphunyezwe nguMicrosoft kule minyaka idlulileyo.
IDirectX 12 Ultimate: Iimpawu ezenza umahluko
Ukutsiba ukuya I-DirectX 12 Ultimate Yongeze iseti yetekhnoloji echaze ubume begraphics kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Eyona idumileyo yiDirectX Ray Tracing (DXR), eyenza ukuba umkhondo wokwenyani ulandelelwe kwi-NVIDIA kunye ne-AMD amakhadi. Inguqulo ye-DXR 1.1 iphucula indlela eziphathwa ngayo iifowuni kwaye ikhawulezise iinkqubo ezininzi zangaphakathi, iqinisa obu buchule kwiinjini zomdlalo wangoku kunye nemidlalo.
Ukongeza kwiDXR, iDirectX 12 Ultimate idibanisa izinto ezinje I-VRS (Ixabiso eliguquguqukayo lokuShading), evumela ukuhluka kwereyithi ye-shading ngokokubaluleka okubonakalayo kwendawo nganye; ingxelo yesampulu, iluncedo ekulawuleni ukuthungwa ngobukrelekrele ngakumbi; kwaye i i-mesh shadersevula amathuba amatsha kwindlela iijometri zenziwa kwaye ziqhutywe ngayo kwiiGPUs.
Olunye uhlalutyo luyakhankanya Isithunzi esiziqhelanisa nesiqulatho (CAS) njengendlela ehambelanayo yokulungelelanisa umthwalo we-shading kwimbono ebonakalayo yendawo. Yonke le arsenal yobuchwephesha idibana kumbono omnye: ukwenza ngakumbi ngezixhobo ezifanayo, ukuphakamisa isilingi yegraphical okanye ukuphuculwa kolwelo ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto eziphambili zomphuhlisi.
Ukufika kobu buchule kubonakalisa ukuba kutheni i-DX12 ingaphezulu nje "kwenguqulelo entsha": yandisa uluhlu lweendlela ezikhoyo kwaye igxininise ukulungiswa kakuhle kobutyebi. Kumdlali, umphumo obonakalayo imiboniso entsonkothileyo okanye ukusebenza ngcono, isoloko ixhomekeke ekubeni uphunyezo lube kumgangatho.
Ukusebenza kwemidlalo: uzinzo, iFPS, kunye nezinto ezingaphandle
Ngokuziqhelanisa, uninzi lwabadlali ludla ngokubona ukuphucuka nge-DX12 xa kuthelekiswa ne-DX11 kwizihloko zangoku, ngakumbi kuzinzo lwexesha kunye nokuncipha kwe-micro-stuttering. Oku kungenxa I-DX12 ilawula imisonto kunye nomgca womsebenzi ngcono., ukuphepha amagophe okusebenza ngokukhawuleza achaphazela imvakalelo yokumanzi.
Oko kuthethiweyo, kukho iimeko apho inguqulo ye-DX11 yomdlalo inikezela nge-FPS ephezulu kunenguqulelo yayo ye-DX12, ngesiqhelo ngenxa yokunqongophala kokusebenza kakuhle okanye indlela i-hardware ethile eziphatha ngayo ngesihloko esithile. Ilula: ukuba istudiyo asiyiphuculi kakuhle indlela yayo ye-DX12, inzuzo ebekucingelwa ukuba iyanyamalala. Kwezi meko, ukuvavanya zombini ii-APIs kunye nokukhetha leyo yenza ngcono kuyacetyiswa. Ezona ziphumo zehlabathi zokwenyani kwiqela lakho Lukhetho olunengqiqo.
Eminye imidlalo, njengeFortnite, ikuvumela ukuba utshintshe phakathi kwe-DX11 kunye ne-DX12 kwiisetingi zabo. Le yindlela egqibeleleyo yokuthelekisa ukusebenza kwePC yakho, ukubeka iliso kwiFPS, kwaye ubone nakuphi na ukuthintitha. Nangona kunjalo, iyonke, iyavakala ukukhetha i-DX12. DX12 njengokhetho olungagqibekanga, kuba iyindlela enekamva elinokubakho kunye neyenza iRay Tracing kunye nobunye ubuchule bale mihla.
Esinye isindululo esihlala sisebenza: gcina inkqubo yakho isexesheni. Ukuhlaziya abaqhubi, ukusebenzisa iipetshi zomdlalo, kunye nokusebenzisa iinguqulelo zamva nje zeWindows kunciphisa ukungahambelani. Khumbula ukuba IDirectX 12 idinga iWindows 10 okanye ngaphezuluKe ukuba uvela kwiinkqubo zangaphambili, ukutsiba kuya kukunika indawo yokuphucula kunye nokuhambelana kwexesha elide.
Kubekho amaxesha apho ii-AMD GPUs zibonakala ziqhuba ngcono nge-DX12 kune-NVIDIA GPUs kwimidlalo ethile, kubalelwa "ngamandla akrwada" kunye nendlela umsebenzi owasasazwa ngayo. Ezi meko zitshintsha ngohlaziyo lwabaqhubi, kodwa zisebenza ukubonisa oko I-DX12 ikhupha isihlunu sokwenyani yehardware xa injini iyazi indlela yokuyisebenzisa.
I-DirectX 13: imeko yangoku kunye nento onokuyilindela ngokwenene
Umbuzo omkhulu: kuthekani ngeDirectX 13? Ukuya kumhla, Akukho sibhengezo sisemthethweni Ukusuka kwi-Microsoft, i-DirectX 12 yakhululwa ngo-2015 kwaye sele iqokelele ukuhlaziywa, ngokukodwa i-Ultimate layer kunye neempawu zayo ezenze ukuba zisebenziseke kakhulu. Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, i-DX12 yeyona nguqulelo ihleli ixesha elide kwimbali yeDirectX, kungekho mlandeli uqinisekisiweyo ubonakalayo.
Abanye abahlalutyi baye bachaza ukuba "i-DX13" iya kunqweneleka, leyo iphinda ibuyisele enye into eyenziwa yi-DX11 kakuhle kubaqhubi bayo (ukwenza lula amanqaku abalulekileyo), kodwa ngaphandle kokuncama ulawulo oluphantsi kunye nenkululeko ye-DX12. Ingcamango iya kuba kukufumana i ibhalansi phakathi kokulula kunye namandlaukunciphisa ubunzima apho kungafaki ixabiso kunye nokugcina amandla okufumana okuninzi kwi-hardware.
Enye indlela enomdla iya kuba kukudibanisa, ngendlela esemgangathweni, imisebenzi ehlala ngoku kwii-API ezithile zeempawu ezithile, ezifana... Ukuphunyezwa kwe-NVIDIA Shader kunye nokunye. Ukwenza ezo zakhono zibe yinxalenye ye-ecosystem "ubuncinci obuqhelekileyo" kungenza lula ubomi kubaphuhlisi kwaye kuphucule ukuphatheka kweempawu eziphambili kubo bonke abavelisi.
Kukhe kwakho iziqhulo zokuba, ngenxa yeenkolelo, igama elithi "13" linokuthi lishiywe kwaye banokuya ngqo ku-"14". Ngaphandle kwehlaya, umyalezo osisiseko kukuba, ukuba inguqulelo entsha ifika, ukwamkelwa kwayo akuyi kukhawuleza. Olu tshintsho lubaluleke kangaka lufuna... ixesha elide lotshintshoKwaye kuyakuthatha iinyanga (okanye iminyaka) ukuba imidlalo ithathe ithuba leempawu ezintsha.
Kwakukho abo bathi, bejonga ikhalenda, bacingela ukuba inguqulelo entsha inokufika inkqonkqoza emnyango “ngo-2022” ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yembali (DX10→2009→2015→…). Inyani inenkani: ukusukela namhlanje, Akukho zimpawu zicacileyo zokuqaliswa.Yiyo loo nto abaninzi bethandabuza ukuba kufanelekile ukulibazisa ukuthenga okanye izicwangciso ngelixa ulinde i-DX13 engekabhengezwa.
Ngaba kufuneka ndithenge i-GPU ngoku okanye ndilinde ukubona ukuba i-DX13 iyaphuma?
Lo ngumbuzo oqheleke kakhulu. Ukuba ujonge ikhadi lemizobo kwaye unexhala malunga nokukhutshwa kweDirectX 13 ngobusuku, kungcono ukwahlula okulindelekileyo kwinto eyinyani: Akukho siqinisekiso sisemthethweni UMicrosoft akawukhuphanga umhla onokuthi usivumele ukuba silindele nantoni na. Ngeli xesha, imidlalo yangoku iyaphuhliswa nge-DX12 (kunye nokwahluka kwayo okugqibeleleyo) engqondweni, ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yendalo ekhulileyo. Ukuba ucinga ngokuthenga iGPU okanye ilaptop yokudlala, jonga... Yintoni omawuyijonge ukuba ufuna ukuthenga ilaptop ephezulu kakhulu ukukukhokela kwisigqibo sakho.
Njengomthetho wesithupha, ukuba imfuno yakho yokuphucula yeyenyani (awenzanga kakuhle okanye ufuna ukuthatha ithuba lobuchwephesha obufana noRay Tracing), into enengqondo onokuyenza kukuthenga ngokusekwe kwimodeli yangoku: i-DX12 Ultimate GPU ehambelanayo Ikunika ukufikelela kwiimpawu ezinqamlekileyo kunye nokusebenza ukuba izitudiyo zisebenza ngoku. Ukulinda i-DX13 eqikelelwayo ngaphandle kweendaba eziphathekayo kunokuthetha ukuchitha ixesha.
Khumbula kwakhona ukuba zombini Windows 10/11 kunye Xbox Series X|S zixhomekeke kwesi siseko zobuchwepheshe. Inyani yokuba iMicrosoft consoles ihambelana ne-DX12 ecosystem yomeleza umbono wokuqhubeka kunye nenkxaso enzulu evela kwiinjini zegraphic. Ukuba i-API entsha ifika, iya kuba nayo inguqu ngokuthe ngcembeKwaye ayizukuyenza i-GPU yakho iphelelwe ubusuku.
Kwimeko engenakwenzeka ukuba "i-DirectX 13" ibhengezwe kwixesha elifutshane, kuya kuba ziinyanga ngaphambi kokuba sibone izihloko zorhwebo ezidibanisa ngokufanelekileyo. Phakathi kwee-SDKs, abaqhubi, iipetshi ze-injini, kunye novavanyo, inkqubo iyacotha. Inyaniso, I-DX12 iqhubekile nokuvuthwa iminyaka ngaphandle kokufuna ukutshintsha amanani, ngakumbi nge-Ultimate.
Umxholo wembali kwaye kutheni kukho intetho eninzi malunga ne-DX13
I-DirectX 11 yafika kwi-2009, ithatha indawo ye-DX10 kunye nokuphuculwa okuphawulekayo ngelo xesha (xa kwakuqhelekileyo ukuba ne-2 CPU cores). Yahlala ngo-2015. I-DirectX 12 ene-paradigm shift ngokubhekiselele kulawulo olukumgangatho ophantsi kunye ne-multithreading enzulu, eyayifaneleke ngcono kwixesha le-4, i-6, okanye i-8 cores.
Ukusukela ngoko, siye sabona uguquko olunyukayo kwaye, ngaphezu kwayo yonke into, iphakheji yokuGqibela, enoxanduva lokunyuka kwetekhnoloji efana nokulandela imitha yangoku, i-VRS, kunye ne-mesh shaders. Kwakukho uhlaziyo lokugqibela olukhulu malunga no-2019, kwaye ukusukela ngoko i-API ihleli ingumqolo wophuhliso lwePC. Oku kuqhubekeka kuyachaza Kutheni i-DX12 iphila ixesha elide? ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukubaluleka.
Ke i-buzz malunga ne-DX13 ivela phi? Ukusuka kwi-extrapolating ukusuka kumaxesha adlulileyo kunye nokucinga ukuba ukutsiba kwakusondele. Kodwa imijikelo iyatshintsha, kwaye izinto eziphambili ziyatshintsha: ngoku, ishishini livuna izibonelelo ze-DX12 kunye ne-ecosystem yayo, kwaye akukho zimpawu ziqinileyo zokutshintsha. Yiyo loo nto abahlalutyi abaninzi becebisa ngokuchasene nayo. zirhoxise izigqibo ngokusekelwe kuqikelelo.
Umbono weengcali: ukulinganisela kunye nokwenza lula
Phakathi kwabo baphuphayo "i-DX13 efanelekileyo," ipateni ivela: ukuphinda ubambe izixhobo ezithile zokuqhuba umqhubi ukusuka kwi-DX11 ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana kophuhliso, ngelixa ugcina amandla kunye nokuguquguquka kwe-DX12. Kuya kuba yi-API ebetha ibhalansi phakathi inkululeko kunye nokululaukwenza ubomi bube lula kumaqela amancinci kunye nokunciphisa iimpazamo zophumezo ezohlwaya ukusebenza ngoku.
Kwakhona kuceliwe ukuba iimpawu ngoku ezixhomekeke kwiindlela zobunikazi okanye ezithe ngqo kumthengisi zidityaniswe, ngenjongo yokwenza iintsingiselo eziphambili zifikeleleke njengomgangatho. Ukubeka izinto kwindawo enye njengokwenziwa kwe-shader phantsi kweambrela eqhelekileyo kunokuphucula ukungaguquguquki kwendalo, ukunciphisa ukwahlukana phakathi kweGPUs.
Nangona kunjalo, ukulungiswa ngokutsha kobu bukhulu kuya kuthatha ixesha. Ukutsiba ukusuka kwi-11 ukuya kwii-intshi ze-12 kwakusele kutshintshile kwingqondo, kwaye ukulinganisa induduzo kunye nokulawula ngaphandle kokuncama ukusebenza akukho lula. Njengoko izinto zimi, isiphelo sicacile: I-DirectX 12 iyaqhubeka igxininisaKwaye yonke into ibonisa ukuba oku kuqhubeka nje ukuba ukwamkelwa kwemisebenzi yayo kuqhubeka nokukhula kwiinjini kunye nemidlalo.
Ngokungabikho kwezibhengezo ezisemthethweni, nawuphi na umhla we-DX13 (okanye naliphi na igama ephela linalo) iyaqikelelwa. Abanye baqikelela ukukhutshwa kweefestile ezinje ngo-2022 okanye, kamva, ngo-2023/2024 "okanye kamva," kodwa iinyani zithetha ngokwazo: Akukho siqinisekiso soluntu exhasa imihla ebekiweyo ethile.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo ngokukhawuleza
- Ngaba ndingatshintsha phakathi kwe-DX11 kunye ne-DX12? Kweminye imidlalo, ewe, ukusuka kwimenyu yemizobo. Ukuba ubona ukungazinzi okanye ukusebenza kakubi kwi-DX12 kwisihloko esithile, zama i-DX11 kwaye uthelekise ixesha lesakhelo kunye ne-FPS.
- Ngaba ndiyayidinga i-Windows 10/11 ye-DX12? Ewe. I-DirectX 12 iyafumaneka kwi-Windows 10 kunye ne-Windows 11. Ukuba usebenzisa iisistim ezindala, uya kubambeka kwi-DX11 okanye ngaphambili, kunye neempawu ezimbalwa kunye nokusebenza okunokuba sezantsi.
- Ngaba kukho ubomi ngaphaya kweDirectX? Ewe kunjalo, i-OpenGL kwaye, ngakumbi, iVulkan zinamandla, ezinye iindlela zeqonga. Nangona kunjalo, kwiWindows, imidlalo emininzi yorhwebo ithanda iDirectX ngenxa yokudibanisa kunye nenkxaso.
- Ngaba i-DX12 GPU yam iya kuphelelwa ukuba i-DX13 iyaphuma? Akunjalo konke ngexesha elinye. Nokuba kubhengezwe inguqulelo entsha, imidlalo ithatha ixesha ukuyamkela. I-GPU eqhuba kakuhle namhlanje nge-DX12 kunye neempawu zayo zangoku ziya kuba nobomi bayo iminyaka.
Nabani na ocinga ukuthenga i-GPU unokuphumla lula: kunye ne-landscape yangoku, i-DirectX 12 kunye ne-Ultimate eyahlukileyo kugxininiso lwezitudiyo kunye neenjini zomdlalo, ezinikezela ngetekhnoloji esezantsi kunye nobungqina bokukwazi ukutyhala ii-CPU ezininzi ezingundoqo kunye nee-GPU zanamhlanje kwimida yazo. Ukuba inguqu entsha ibonakala kwixesha elizayo, i-DirectX 13 vs. DirectX 12 ingxaki iya kuphinda ibe phezu kwetafile.
Umhleli okhethekileyo kwitekhnoloji nakwimiba ye-intanethi eneminyaka engaphezu kweshumi yamava kumajelo osasazo edijithali. Ndisebenze njengomhleli kunye nomdali womxholo we-e-commerce, unxibelelwano, ukuthengisa kwi-intanethi kunye neenkampani zentengiso. Ndibhale kwakhona kwiiwebhusayithi zezoqoqosho, ezemali kunye namanye amacandelo. Umsebenzi wam ukwangumnqweno wam. Ngoku, ngamanqaku am kwi Tecnobits, Ndizama ukuhlola zonke iindaba kunye namathuba amatsha ukuba ihlabathi lobuchwepheshe lisinika yonke imihla ukuphucula ubomi bethu.