Ukuzilolonga kwiMixube eQokeleneyo neNgafaniyo

Kwinkalo yekhemistri, uphononongo lwemixube ene-homogeneous kunye ne-heterogeneous kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba izinto ezahlukeneyo zidibana njani kunye nendlela amacandelo azo asasazwa ngayo kwisampulu. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa emhlabeni Ukuzivocavoca kwimixube edibeneyo kunye ne-heterogeneous, ukuhlola iingcamango ezisisiseko, iimpawu eziphambili kunye neendlela zokuhlela zale mixube. Ngokusebenzisa imizekelo kunye nokuzilolonga esebenzayo, uya kuba nako ukomeleza uhlalutyo lwakho kunye nezakhono zokuqonda kwesi sihloko esifanelekileyo kwisayensi yemichiza. Ngaba ukulungele ukuntywila kwihlabathi elinomdla lokuxuba kwaye ubeke eyakho vavanya ulwazi lwakho? Ukuba kunjalo, sijoyine kolu khenketho lokuziqhelanisa nemixube ene-homogeneous kunye ne-heterogeneous.

1. Inkcazo yemixube ene-homogeneous kunye ne-heterogeneous

Umxube we-homogeneous ngulowo apho amacandelo awo asasazwa ngokulinganayo, oku kuthetha ukuba abanako ukwahlula ngeso lenyama okanye ngokusebenzisa iglasi yokukhulisa. Ngamanye amazwi, zonke iinxalenye zomxube zixutywe ngendlela yokuba azikwazi ukuhlukana ngokulula. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo womxube we-homogeneous yityuwa echithwe emanzini. Kulo mxube, ityuwa isasazwa ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke amanzi, kwaye iikristale zetyuwa nganye azikwazi ukubonwa.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umxube we-heterogeneous enye apho amacandelo awahanjiswa ngokufanayo, oko kukuthi, ayakwazi ukwahlula ngeso lenyama okanye ngokusebenzisa iglasi yokukhulisa. Kulo hlobo lwemixube, amacandelo ahlanganiswe okanye ahlulwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ezivumela ukuba zichongwe ngabanye. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo womxube we-heterogeneous isaladi, apho izithako ezahlukeneyo ziyakwazi ukwahlula, ezifana ne-lettuce, i-tomato, i-anyanisi, njl.

Isishwankathelo, ngelixa imixube ene-homogeneous inokuhanjiswa okufanayo kwamacandelo abo, imixube ene-heterogeneous ine-non-uniform distribution. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba lo mahluko ubalulekile ekuqondeni indlela amacandelo omxube anokwahlulwa ngayo, kuba imixube ene-homogeneous ifuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwahlula kunemixube engafaniyo. Imixube ene-homogeneous inzima kakhulu ukuyohlula kuba amacandelo axutywe ngokufanayo, ngelixa imixube ene-heterogeneous ivumela ukwahlukana ngokulula kuba amacandelo ahlulwe abe yimimandla eyahlukileyo.

2. Iimpawu eziphambili zemixube ye-homogeneous

Imixube ene-homogeneous, eyaziwa ngokuba yizisombululo, yileyo apho amacandelo ahanjiswa ngokufanayo kwinqanaba le-molecular. Oku kuthetha ukuba izinto ezahlukeneyo ezizenzayo azikwazi ukwahlula ngeliso lenyama. Ngezantsi ezinye zeempawu eziphambili zolu hlobo lwemixube:

1. Ukufana: Uphawu oluphambili lwemixube ene-homogeneous kukufana kwayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye yomxube kuya kubakho umlinganiselo ofanayo wamacandelo ahlukeneyo. Akukho ndawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwento enye kunomnye, evumela ukuhanjiswa ngokulinganayo kwinqanaba le-molecular.

2. Umxube ozinzileyo: Imixube ene-homogeneous izinzile kakhulu, ekubeni izinto zixutywe kakuhle kwaye azihlukani ngexesha. Oku kubangelwa ukusebenzisana phakathi kweeamolekyu zamacandelo ahlukeneyo, ezithintela ukuhlukana kwazo. Ngoko ke, xa umxube wenziwa, uhlala ulungelelaniswa ngaphandle kokufuna ukuphazamiseka okanye ukungenelela kwangaphandle.

3. Iimpawu zomzimba ezihlala zihleli: Olunye uphawu oluphawulekayo lwemixube yehomogeneous kukuba ineempawu zomzimba ezithe gqolo kubo bonke ubude bayo. Ngokomzekelo, umbala, i-flavour, ivumba, ukuxinana kunye nendawo yokubilisa iya kuba yinto efanayo kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye yomxube. Oku kuququzelela ukuchongwa kunye nokuphathwa kwayo, kuba akuyimfuneko ukwenza uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali ukugqiba ukubunjwa komxube.

3. Iimpawu eziphambili zemixube ene-heterogeneous

Imixube ene-Heterogeneous yileyo apho amacandelo angahanjiswanga ngokufanayo. Kulolu hlobo lwemixube luyakwazi ukujonga ngeso lenyama izigaba ezahlukeneyo okanye amacandelo abenzayo. Ngezantsi zinkcukacha:

1. Izigaba ezibonakalayo: Enye yeempawu eziphawulekayo zemixube ye-heterogeneous kukuba izigaba okanye amacandelo abenzayo bahluke ngokulula ngeso lenyama. Oku kungenxa yokuba amacandelo awaxutywanga ngokufanayo, edala ukwahlukana okucacileyo phakathi kwabo. Ngokomzekelo, kumxube wamanzi kunye neoli, kunokwenzeka ukujonga ngokucacileyo ukuhlukana phakathi kwamacandelo omabini.

2. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo eziguquguqukayo: Isigaba ngasinye somxube ohlukeneyo sinokuba neempawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, ezifana nombala, ubuninzi okanye ukunyibilika. Ezi zakhiwo zinokuhluka kwinxalenye nganye kwaye zivumele ukuba zihluke ngokulula. Umzekelo, ukuba isanti ixutywe namanzi, isanti iya kuhlala phantsi kwesikhongozeli ngenxa yobuninzi bayo, ngelixa amanzi ehlala ngaphezulu.

3. Ukuhlukana komatshini: Ngenxa yokungabikho kokufana kumxube odibeneyo, kunokwenzeka ukuhlula amacandelo ayo ngeendlela zomatshini. Ezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokwahlukana kwesigaba ziquka ukuhluza, ukukhupha, kunye ne-centrifugation. Ezi ndlela zithatha inzuzo yokungafani kwiimpawu zomzimba phakathi kwamacandelo ukuze kuphunyezwe ukuhlukana kwabo. Ngokomzekelo, ngokuqhawula kunokwenzeka ukwahlula isanti kumxube wamanzi ngokuvumela intlabathi ukuba ihlale phantsi kwaye ngokucokisekileyo ugalela amanzi ngaphandle.

Isishwankathelo, imixube ene-heterogeneous ibonakaliswe ngokuba nezigaba okanye amacandelo anokuthi ahluke ngokubonakalayo, iipropati ezibonakalayo eziguquguqukayo kwisigaba ngasinye kunye nokwenzeka kokuhlukana ngeendlela zoomatshini. Ezi mpawu zenza imixube engafaniyo ibe luncedo kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, njengekhemistri, ibhayoloji kunye neshishini lokutya, phakathi kwezinye. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ezi mpawu kwaye wazi indlela yokwahlula amacandelo omxube we-heterogeneous wokufunda kunye nokusetyenziswa okuchanekileyo.

4. Ukuchongwa komxube njenge-homogeneous okanye i-heterogeneous

Ukuchonga umxube njenge-homogeneous okanye i-heterogeneous, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda iimpawu kunye neempawu zodidi ngalunye lomxube. Umxube we-homogeneous ungomnye apho iinqununu zawo zixutywe ngokupheleleyo kwaye azikwazi ukwahlula ngeso lenyama, ngelixa umxube we-heterogeneous ungomnye apho amacandelo awo abonakala kwaye anokwahlulwa ngeendlela zomzimba.

Ukufumanisa ukuba umxube une-homogeneous okanye awufani, iindlela ezininzi zingasetyenziswa. Enye yazo kukuqwalasela inkangeleko yomxube; Ukuba amacandelo axutywe ngokulinganayo kwaye awakwazi ukwahlula, kunokwenzeka ukuba ngumxube we-homogeneous. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba amacandelo ayabonakala kwaye anokwahlulwa, mhlawumbi ngumxube we-heterogeneous.

Indlela eyongezelelweyo yokuchonga umxube kukusebenzisa iindlela zokwahlula, ezifana nokuhluzwa, ukuchithwa, okanye i-centrifugation. Ezi ndlela zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula amacandelo omxube we-heterogeneous, ebonisa ukuba umxube awunayo i-homogeneous. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba akunakwenzeka ukwahlula amacandelo usebenzisa obu buchule, umxube kunokwenzeka ukuba ube ne-homogeneous.

5. Ukuzivocavoca okusebenzayo ukuchonga imixube ene-homogeneous

Kweli candelo, siza kujongana nomsebenzi osebenzayo oya kusivumela ukuba sichonge imixube ene-homogeneous. Olu qheliselo luya kusinceda ukuba sisebenzise iikhonsepthi kunye nobuchule obufundwe ngaphambili. Ngolu qheliselo, siya kukwazi ukuphuhlisa izakhono zokuqaphela imixube elinganayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.

1. Uqwalaselo olubonakalayo: Inyathelo lokuqala lokuchonga umxube we-homogeneous kukwenza uqwalaselo oluneenkcukacha lwembonakalo. Kufuneka sihlolisise ngononophelo isampuli ekuthethwa ngayo kwaye sijonge nayiphi na into ebonisa ukufana ngokubonakala kwayo. Ukuba umxube ubonakala ufana, ngaphandle kobukho beengqungquthela ezibonakalayo okanye izigaba ezahlukeneyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ube ngumxube we-homogeneous.

2. Ukunyibilika: Obunye ubuchule obunokusinceda sichonge imixube ene-homogeneous kukuvavanya ukunyibilika kwamalungu. Ukuba onke amacandelo achithwa ngokupheleleyo kwi-solvent kwaye akukho ukuhlukana kwesigaba esibonwayo, oku kubonisa umxube we-homogeneous. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukunyibilika kunokuxhomekeka kwiqondo lokushisa kunye nokuxinana kwamacandelo.

3. Iindlela zokwahlula: Ukuba sinamathandabuzo malunga nokuba isampuli ngumxube we-homogeneous, sinokusebenzisa iindlela zokwahlula ukuze siqinisekise. Ukuba isampuli inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo kusetyenziswa ubuchule obufana ne-distillation, i-chromatography okanye i-filtration, ngoko sinokugqiba ukuba ngumxube we-homogeneous.

Khumbula ukuba ukuziqhelanisa rhoqo kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchule obufanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuphuhlisa izakhono zakho ekuchongeni imixube elinganayo. Olu qheliselo olusebenzayo luya kukunika ithuba lokusebenzisa ulwazi lwethiyori kunye nokuphucula izakhono zakho zokuqaphela kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ungalibazisi ukwenza imithambo emininzi njengoko unako ukomeleza izakhono zakho kulo mba ubalulekileyo wekhemistri!

6. Uqheliselo olusebenzayo lokuchonga imixube ene-heterogeneous

Kweli candelo, siza kunika uthotho lweendlela zokuzilolonga ezenzelwe ukukunceda ukuba uchonge imixube ene-heterogeneous. Ukusombulula ezi ngxaki, kuya kufuneka usebenzise iikhonsepthi ezifundwe ngaphambili malunga neempawu zemixube engafaniyo kunye neendlela ezikhoyo zokwahlula.

Umzekelo oqhelekileyo womxube ohlukeneyo ngamanzi kunye neoli. Ukuchonga lo mxube, unokwenza la manyathelo alandelayo:

• Qwalasela inkangeleko ebonakalayo yesampulu. Ukuba ubona ukwahlukana okucacileyo phakathi kwamanzi kunye neoli, mhlawumbi ujongene nomxube odibeneyo.
• Ungasebenzisa i-pipette ukususa inani elincinci lesampuli kwaye uyibeke kwi-tube yokuvavanya ecacileyo.
• Jonga ityhubhu yovavanyo kwakhona. Ukuba ubona ukuba ioli idada phezu kwamanzi kwaye ayixubeki, qinisekisa ukuba ngumxube odibeneyo.

Khumbula ukuba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemixube engafaniyo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uziqhelanise nemizekelo eyahlukeneyo. Enye indlela yokuchonga olu hlobo lwemixube kukusebenzisa i-filtration, decantation okanye iindlela ze-centrifugation, kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ezithile zesampuli nganye.

7. Ukuzivocavoca ukwahlula imixube ene-homogeneous

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwahlula imixube ene-homogeneous, kwaye ezinye iinketho zichazwe ngezantsi. Enye yezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo yi-distillation. esetyenzisiweyo ukwahlula izinto ezingamanzi ezimbini nangaphezulu ezinamaqondo ahlukeneyo okubila. Le nkqubo Iquka ukufudumeza umxube kunye nokuqokelela imiphunga edibeneyo kwisitya esahlukileyo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba indawo yokubilisa yezinto eziza kuhlukaniswa yahluke ngokwaneleyo ukufezekisa ukwahlukana okusebenzayo.

Enye indlela esetyenziswa ngokubanzi i-filtration, esetyenziselwa ukwahlula isigaba esiqinileyo kwisigaba solwelo. Ukwenza oku, isihlungi sisetyenzisiweyo, esinokuthi senziwe ngephepha, ingubo okanye enye into efanelekileyo, ibeke kwi-funnel. Umxube ugalelwa phezu kwesihluzo kwaye isigaba solwelo sidlula ngelixa isigaba esiqinileyo sigcinwa. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le ndlela isebenza kuphela ukuba isigaba esiqinileyo asinyibiliki kwisigaba solwelo.

Okokugqibela, indlela yokuqhawula isetyenziselwa ukwahlula ulwelo ezimbini ezingaxutywanga, oko kukuthi, azixubenanga. Ukwenza oku, umxube uvumelekile ukuba uphumle kwisitya kwaye, ngenxa yokwahlukana koxinaniso, i-liquids iyahlukana ibe ngamacandelo amabini. I-pipette okanye i-siphon ingasetyenziselwa ukudlulisa ulwelo olufunwayo kwesinye isikhongozeli. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele xa uhlanjululwa, kuba ukunyakaza ngokukhawuleza kunokuxuba ulwelo kwakhona.

8. Imithambo yokwahlula imixube ene-heterogeneous

• Yahlula imixube engafaniyo Yinkqubo ebandakanya ukwahlula amacandelo omxube onokuhlukaniswa ngeso lenyama okanye ngoncedo lwezixhobo.
• Enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokwenza olu lwahlulo kukucoca. Le nkqubo isetyenziselwa ukwahlula isiqina esinganyibilikiyo kulwelo okanye esinye isiqina ngokusebenzisa isihluzo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubungakanani bepore yesihluzi mncinci ngokwaneleyo ukugcina okuqinileyo kunye nokuvumela ulwelo ukuba ludlule. Ukwenza i-filtration, faka isihluzo kwi-funnel kwaye uthele umxube kwi-funnel. Isiqina siya kuhlala kwisihluzo, ngelixa ulwelo luya kudlula kuso kwaye luqokelelwe kwesinye isikhongozeli.
• Enye indlela eqhelekileyo yokwahlula imixube ene-heterogeneous yi-decantation. Olu buchule lusetyenziswa xa amacandelo omxube aneendidi ezahlukeneyo kwaye angaxubani omnye nomnye. Ukwenza i-decanting, kuyimfuneko ukuvumela umxube ukuba uhlale kwi-container ixesha elithile ukuvumela amacandelo ukuba ahlukane ngumxhuzulane. Nje ukuba iinxalenye zohlulwe, ulwelo oluxineneyo lunokugalelwa ngononophelo kwesinye isikhongozeli, lushiye ulwelo oluqinileyo okanye ulwelo kwisikhongozeli sokuqala.

9. Ukusetyenziswa kwemixube ene-homogeneous kushishino

Kwishishini, ukusetyenziswa kwemixube elinganayo yinkqubo esisiseko yokuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwimveliso. Le mixube ibandakanya ukudibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ngokufanayo, ukufumana into eneempawu ezifanayo.

Ukusebenzisa imixube ye-homogeneous kwishishini, kubalulekile ukulandela enye amanyathelo aphambili. Okokuqala, amacandelo aza kuxutywa kufuneka achongwe kwaye kumiselwe umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wento nganye. Oku Inokufezekiswa usebenzisa izixhobo zokulinganisa ezichanekileyo, ezifana nezikali okanye iipipettes, ezivumela ukugxininiswa okufunwayo kufumaneke.

Nje ukuba unamacandelo achanekileyo kunye nomlinganiselo, inyathelo elilandelayo kukuxuba ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye rhoqo. Oku Ingenziwa usebenzisa imixube ethile yohlobo ngalunye lwento, enjengezivusi zemagnethi, izixube zokubhexa, okanye nangeenkqubo zokuvuselela ngesandla. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba isantya kunye nobude bokuxuba kunokuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kubume bamacandelo kunye nokuhambelana okufunwayo.

Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuxuba, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ziqhuma, i-granules okanye ukungcola okuhlala kumxube wokugqibela. Ukufezekisa oku, iindlela ezongezelelweyo, ezifana ne-filtration okanye i-centrifugation, zingasetyenziswa njengoko kuyimfuneko. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukugcinwa okufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zokuxuba kunye nokucoca rhoqo zizinto eziphambili ekufumaneni imixube ye-homogeneous kwishishini. Ngezi amanyathelo kunye nezixhobo ngokufanelekileyo, unokusebenzisa imixube elinganayo ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ufumane iziphumo ezingaguqukiyo kwiinkqubo zakho zemveliso!

10. Ukusetyenziswa kwemixube ene-heterogeneous kubomi bemihla ngemihla

Imixube ene-Heterogeneous idlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, kuba ikho kwiinkalo ezininzi zokusingqongileyo. Le mixube zezo apho amacandelo ahlukeneyo abenzayo banokuchongwa ngeso lenyama. Okulandelayo, ziya kuboniswa eminye imizekelo yokusetyenziswa kwemixube engafaniyo kwi ubomi bemihla ngemihla.

1. Ukwahlulwa kwenkunkuma eqinileyo: Kwinkalo yolawulo lwenkunkuma, ukwahlulwa kwemixube engafaniyo ibalulekile kunyango lwazo olululo kunye nokurisayikilisha. Ngokuhlela izinto ezahlukeneyo, njengephepha, iplastiki, iglasi kunye nentsimbi, ukusetyenziswa kwazo okulandelayo okanye ukulahlwa ngokufanelekileyo kuququzelelwa.

2. Ukulungiswa kokutya: Ekhitshini, sisebenzisa imixube engafaniyo ekulungiseleleni izitya ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa usika isaladi, imifuno eyahlukeneyo, efana ne-lettuce, i-tomato kunye ne-anyanisi, ixutywa ukuze kufumaneke indibaniselwano yencasa kunye nokuthungwa. Ngokufanayo, xa ulungiselela isobho, izithako eziqinileyo ezifana nemifuno, inyama kunye nemifuno zixutywe kwi-liquid, ukudala umxube ohlukeneyo onika incasa ekhethekileyo.

3. Ukucoca ikhaya: Iimveliso zokucoca esiqhele ukuzisebenzisa ziqulathe imixube eyahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwimeko ye-detergents, izinto zeekhemikhali ezifana ne-surfactants, i-solubilizers kunye ne-bleaches, phakathi kwezinye, zidibaniswe ukuphumeza ukucoca okusebenzayo. Le ngxubevange yahlukileyo isivumela ukuba sisuse ubumdaka kumphezulu kunye namalaphu, ngaloo ndlela siphucula ucoceko kwikhaya lethu.

11. Ukuzivocavoca ukumisela ukuxinana komxube we-homogeneous

Ukumisela ukuxinwa komxube we-homogeneous, kukho imithambo emininzi ongayenza. Apha sibonisa ezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo:

1. Umsebenzi wokunciphisa: Kulo msebenzi, uya kunikwa isisombululo sokuqala kunye nogxininiso olwaziwayo kwaye uya kucelwa ukuba uhlambulule esi sisombululo kunye ne-solvent de ufumane i-concentration oyifunayo. Ungasebenzisa i-formula yokuxuba ukubala ubungakanani be-solute kunye ne-solvent efunekayo. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo iimali zecandelo ngalinye usebenzisa i-pipette egqityiweyo okanye ibhalansi echanekileyo.

2. Umsebenzi womthamo womthamo: Kulo msebenzi, uya kunikwa isisombululo sokuqala kunye nogxininiso olwaziwayo kwaye uya kucelwa ukuba ubale umthamo ofunekayo wesisombululo esixeliweyo ukuze ufumane isixa esithile se-solute. Ukucombulula olu hlobo lwengxaki, ungasebenzisa i-formula yoxinaniso, ngokuqwalasela umthamo kunye nokugxilwa kokuqala kunye nokugqibela.

3. Umthambo womthamo omkhulu: Kulo msebenzi, uya kunikwa ubunzima be-solute kwaye ucelwe ukubala umthamo we-solvent efunekayo ukuze ufumane ugxininiso olufunekayo. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-concentration formula, ngokuqwalasela ubunzima be-solute kunye nomthamo we-solvent. Khumbula ukusebenzisa iiyunithi ezifanayo zomlinganiselo ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezichanekileyo.

12. Ukuzivocavoca ukufumanisa ukubunjwa komxube we-heterogeneous

Xa umisela ukubunjwa komxube we-heterogeneous, kuyimfuneko ukulandela uluhlu lweendlela zokuzilolonga eziza kusinceda sichonge amacandelo ahlukeneyo akhoyo kumxube oxeliweyo. Apha ngezantsi, eminye imithambo iya kuboniswa enokusetyenziswa njengesikhokelo kule nkqubo.

1. Uqwalaselo olubonakalayo: Inyathelo lokuqala lokufumanisa ukubunjwa komxube ohlukileyo kukwenza uqwalaselo oluneenkcukacha lwawo. Lihlolisise ngenyameko icandelo ngalinye uze uzame ukubona iimpawu zalo, njengombala, imilo, ukumila kunye nobukhulu. Oku kuya kukunceda ukwahlula amacandelo ahlukeneyo akhoyo kumxube.

2. Ukwahlulwa kwamacandelo: Nje ukuba uchonge amacandelo ahlukeneyo omxube, kuyimfuneko ukuwahlula ukuwahlalutya ngokwahlukeneyo. Isebenzisa iindlela zokwahlula ngokwasemzimbeni, ezifana nokuhluzwa, i-decantation okanye i-centrifugation, kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zomxube. Ezi ndlela ziya kukuvumela ukuba ufumane iisampulu ezicocekileyo zecandelo ngalinye kuhlalutyo olulandelayo.

13. Ukubaluleka kokuqonda imixube ye-homogeneous kunye ne-heterogeneous kwi-chemistry

Imixube ene-homogeneous kunye ne-heterogeneous zizinto eziphambili kwikhemistri. Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini kubalulekile ukuze ukwazi ukwenza izibalo ezichanekileyo kunye nemifuniselo elabhoratri. Okokuqala, umxube we-homogeneous enye apho iinqununu zayo zixutywe ngokupheleleyo kwinqanaba le-molecular, zenza isigaba esisodwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umxube we-heterogeneous ubonakaliswa ngokuba namacandelo angaxutywanga ngokupheleleyo kwaye angakwazi ukwahlula ngeso lenyama okanye ngoncedo lwe-microscope.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ezi ngqikelelo kuba ezininzi iikhemikhali reactions ixhomekeke uhlobo lomxube. I-homogeneity yomxube inokuchaphazela izinga lokuphendula, ukubunjwa kweemveliso, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo. Umzekelo, kwishishini loxubo-mayeza, kubalulekile ukuba amayeza abekwimo efanayo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lokusetyenziswa kwawo. Ukongezelela, ukuqonda imixube edibeneyo kunye ne-heterogeneous kukuvumela ukuba unqume ukuxinwa kwezinto kwisisombululo, eyona nto iphambili ekulungiseleleni izisombululo zemichiza ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukuchonga ukuba ngaba umxube une-homogeneous okanye awufani, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo ezinokusetyenziswa. Ezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukujonga okubonakalayo, ukuvavanya ukunyibilika kwamacandelo, ukusebenzisa izikhombisi zemichiza, kunye nokwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nemichiza. Ukongeza, kukho iindlela eziphucukileyo ezinje ngechromatography, i-spectroscopy kunye ne-microscopy evumela iipropathi kunye nokwakheka komxube ukuba kuhlalutywe ngokweenkcukacha ezinkulu. Ukwazi uhlobo lomxube okhoyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhethe iindlela ezifanelekileyo kakhulu zokwahlula amacandelo kwaye wenze uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali ngokuchanekileyo.

14. Ucelomngeni lwemithambo yokuvavanya ulwazi lwakho lwemixube edibeneyo kunye ne-heterogeneous

Umceli mngeni wokuzivocavoca yindlela elungileyo yokuvavanya ulwazi lwakho lwemixube edibeneyo kunye ne-heterogeneous. Le mithambo iya kukuvumela ukuba usebenzise iikhonsepthi ezifundiweyo kwaye uvavanye ukukwazi kwakho ukuchonga kunye nokuhlela iindidi ezahlukeneyo zemixube. Nazi iindlela ezintathu zokuzilolonga ezinomngeni ukuvavanya ulwazi lwakho:

1. Hlela le mixube ilandelayo njenge-homogeneous okanye i-heterogeneous: a) isisombululo setyuwa emanzini, b) umxube wamanzi kunye neoli, c) umxube wesanti kunye namanzi. Khumbula ukuba umxube we-homogeneous unembonakalo efanayo kwaye izakhi zawo azikwazi ukuhlukana ngokulula, ngelixa umxube odibeneyo unomfanekiso ongefani kwaye amacandelo awo anokwahlulwa ngokulula. Bhala phantsi iimpendulo zakho uze ukhangele ukuba zichanekile na.

2. Khawucinge ukuba unomxube ongaziwayo kwisikhongozeli. Unokwazi njani ukuba i-homogeneous okanye iyahluka? Enye indlela yokwenza oku kukujonga ukubonakala komxube. Ukuba ibonakala ifana, mhlawumbi i-homogeneous. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba izigaba ezahlukeneyo zibonwa okanye amacandelo ahlukeneyo anokwahlulwa, kunokwenzeka ukuba ahluke. Enye inketho kukuzama ukwahlula amacandelo omxube usebenzisa iindlela eziphathekayo ezifana nokuhluza okanye ukuchithwa. Ukuba amacandelo anokwahlulwa ngokulula, ngoko ke umxube uxubene.

3. Sombulula le ngxaki ilandelayo: unomxube wesanti namanzi kwisikhongozeli, kwaye ufuna ukufumana isanti kuphela. Yeyiphi indlela onokuyisebenzisa ukwahlula isanti emanzini? Olunye ukhetho lokwahlula isanti emanzini kukusebenzisa indlela yokucoca. Ukwenza oku, unokubeka isihluzo (njengelaphu okanye iphepha lokucoca) phezu kwefuneli kwaye ugalele umxube kwisihluzo. Amanzi aya kudlula kwisihluzo, ngelixa isanti iya kubanjiswa kuyo. Ngale ndlela, unokufumana isanti yahlulwe emanzini. Enye inketho iya kuba kukusebenzisa i-decanting, ukuvumela umxube ukuba uhlale de intlabathi ihlale phantsi kwaye emva koko ugalele ngononophelo amanzi ngaphandle kokuzahlula ukuhlula kwisanti.

Vavanya ulwazi lwakho ngokusombulula olu qheliselo lucelomngeni kwimixube edibeneyo kunye ne-heterogeneous! Khumbula ukuba ukuziqhelanisa kunye nokufunda rhoqo kuya kukunceda uphucule ukuqonda kwakho kwesi sihloko.

Ukuqukumbela, ukuzivocavoca kwimixube elinganayo kunye ne-heterogeneous sisixhobo esixabiseke kakhulu sokuqonda kunye nokusebenzisa iikhonsepthi zethiyori ezinxulumene nekhemikhali yezinto kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ngokuziqhelanisa kunye nesisombululo sale mizobo, siye sakwazi ukuqonda ukubaluleka kokwahlula phakathi kwemixube ene-homogeneous kunye ne-heterogeneous kunye nendlela amacandelo anokuthi achongwe kwaye ahlulwe ngayo kwimeko nganye. Ukongezelela, siye safunda ukusebenzisa iindlela ezithile kunye nobuchule bokusombulula ukuzivocavoca okusebenzayo, njengokuhluza, ukuchithwa, i-centrifugation kunye ne-distillation. Le mizobo isibonisile ukubaluleka kwemixube kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwikhemikhali ukuya kwishishini lokutya, kunye nendlela enokuguqulwa kwaye ilawulwe ngayo ukufumana iimveliso ezineempawu ezithile. Isishwankathelo, ukuziqhelanisa nokuzivocavoca kwimixube edibeneyo kunye ne-heterogeneous kuye kwasivumela ukuba sifumane ulwazi oluqinileyo kwi-chemistry kwaye siyisebenzise ngendlela esebenzayo. indlela esebenzayo.