I-electrode

I-Electrode: Intshayelelo yecandelo elibalulekileyo kubuchwephesha banamhlanje be-elektroniki

Inkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji ye-elektroniki iguqule ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, ukusuka kwi-smartphone ekwiipokotho zethu ukuya kwiinkqubo zamandla ahlaziyekayo ezenza izixeko zethu zisebenze. Emva kwezi nkqubela kukho icandelo elibalulekileyo elibizwa ngokuba i-electrode, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqhutyweni kombane kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa ukuba yintoni kanye i-electrode, isebenza njani, kwaye zeziphi iintlobo ezikhoyo. okwangoku.

Yintoni i-electrode kwaye isebenza njani?

I-electrode yi-conductor yombane evumela ukuba i-current ihambe kuyo. Yenziwe ngezinto zetsimbi, ezifana nobhedu okanye intsimbi, ezinokuqhuba umbane ngokufanelekileyo. Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukusebenza njengendawo yokudibanisa phakathi kwesixhobo sombane kunye nesekethe yombane yangaphandle. Xa umsinga wombane uqukuqela kwi-electrode, iikhemikhali okanye iintshukumo zomzimba zenzeka ezivumela isixhobo odityaniswe kuso ukuba sisebenze kakuhle.

Iintlobo zee-electrode ezisetyenziswa kwi-electronics

Kwi-elektroniki yanamhlanje, kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zee-electrode ezisetyenziselwa izicelo ezahlukeneyo. Enye yezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo yi i-electrode ye-welding, esetyenzisiweyo ukujoyina amacandelo e-elektroniki kwisekethe eprintiweyo. Olunye uhlobo olubalulekileyo i-electrode yebhetri, eyinxalenye yeeseli ze-electrochemical ezisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa nokugcinwa kwamandla. Ukongeza, kukho ii-electrodes ezisetyenziswayo ukuvuselela ngombane, njengakunyango lwezonyango kunye nokuvuselela imisipha.

Isiphelo

Isishwankathelo, ii-electrodes zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwitekhnoloji ye-elektroniki yanamhlanje. Indima yayo ephambili kukuvumela ukuhamba kwamandla ombane kunye nokuseka iindawo zokudibanisa phakathi kwezixhobo kunye neesekethe zangaphandle. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-electrode ezisetyenziswa kwi-electronics, nganye eyenzelwe ukuzalisekisa umsebenzi othile ngokweemfuno zesicelo. Ke ngoko, ukuqonda ukusebenza kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-electrode kubalulekile kwinkqubela phambili eqhubekayo kunye nokuphuculwa kobuchwepheshe be-elektroniki.

I-electrode

El Liyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezininzi zombane kunye neenkqubo. Iqukethe i-conductor evumela ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ombane ukuya okanye ukusuka kwi-conductor medium. Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukusebenza njengendawo yoqhagamshelwano okanye i-terminal yombane wangoku, ukuvumela ukungena okanye ukuphuma kwee-electron. s zisetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ukusuka kwizixhobo zonyango ukuya kwiinkqubo zamandla avuselelekayo.

Kuyo icandelo lezonyango, s idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubekeni iliso nasekuxilongweni kwezifo. Zisetyenziselwa ukurekhoda umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo, ingqondo kunye namanye amalungu abalulekileyo. Izixhobo zonyango zenzelwe izinto ezihambelana ne-biocompatible kwaye zibekwe ngokuthe ngqo esikhumbeni okanye zifakwe emzimbeni. Ukongeza esweni, s zikwasetyenziswa kunyango lokuvuselela umbane ukunyanga izifo ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson okanye iintlungu ezingapheliyo.

Kuyo intsimi yamandla, s idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiibhetri kunye neeseli zamafutha. Kwiibhetri, s vumela ukusabela kweekhemikhali ezivelisa umsinga wombane. Kwiiseli zamafutha, s catalyze reaction between fuel and oxidant to live energy. Ukuqhubela phambili kwezixhobo ze-smartphone kukhokelele kuphuculo olubonakalayo kumthamo wokugcina amandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Ukongeza, ii-s zikwasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla njenge-supercapacitors, apho uyilo kunye nokwakheka kwazo kuchaphazela intlawulo ekhawulezayo kunye nokukhupha amandla.

Ukuqulunqwa kunye neentlobo zee-electrodes

Ukubunjwa kwee-electrodes Yinto ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwayo kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukwenza iinkqubo ze-welding. ngempumelelo. I-electrodes yenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-welding kunye yezicelo ethile. Enye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo yi-tungsten, esetyenziswa kwi-tungsten electrodes ye-TIG welding. Esi sixhobo sinokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye ne-thermal conductivity egqwesileyo, okwenza kube lukhetho oludumileyo kwizicelo eziphezulu zokushisa. Ezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo ziquka ubhedu, i-zinc kunye nentsimbi, ezisetyenziswa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-electrode ngokuxhomekeka iipropati zayo umbane kunye nokuqina.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-electrode ezisetyenziswa kwi-welding, nganye ineempawu zayo ezithile kunye nokusetyenziswa. I-electrodes ye-Tungsten isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-TIG welding ngenxa yokumelana nokushisa kunye nokukwazi ukubonelela ngoku uzinzile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ii-electrodes zekhabhoni zifanelekile kwi-arc welding njengoko zikwazi ukumelana nombane ophezulu ngaphandle kokunyibilika. Ezinye iintlobo zee-electrode ziquka i-electrode yensimbi engenasici, egqwesileyo ekudibaniseni iintsimbi ze-ferrous kunye ne-non-ferrous, kunye nee-electrode ze-aluminium, ezisetyenziselwa ukuwelda i-aluminium kunye ne-alloys yayo.

Ukukhetha uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwe-electrode Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana nohlobo lwe-welding, uhlobo lwetsimbi oluza kufakwa kunye neemeko zokusebenza. Kubalulekile ukukhetha i-electrode ehambelana nesiseko sesinyithi kwaye inika i-arc ezinzileyo kunye nomgangatho omhle we-weld. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuqina kwe-electrode kunye nokuphila kwayo, njengoko i-electrode egugileyo inokuchaphazela kakubi umgangatho we-weld. Ngokubanzi, ukukhetha i-electrode echanekileyo kubalulekile ekufezekiseni i-weld eyimpumelelo nehlala ixesha elide.

Inkcazo ecacileyo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-electrode ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino kunye nezesayensi.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-electrode ezisetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso nakwizicelo zenzululwazi. I-Electrodes isetyenziselwa ukwenza iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-welding, i-electrochemical machining, i-voltammetry, i-electrophoresis kunye ne-electrodialysis, phakathi kwabanye. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-electrode luneempawu ezithile ezihambelana neemfuno zesicelo ngasinye. Emva koko, iintlobo eziphambili zee-electrode ezisetyenziswa kule mimandla ziya kuchazwa.

Enye yeentlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-electrode yi-electrode ye-tungsten. Olu hlobo lwe-electrode lusetyenziswa ngokukodwa kwiinkqubo ze-welding, ezifana ne-tungsten arc welding (TIG). I-Tungsten sisixhobo esimelana nobushushu kunye nomhlwa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kwizicelo ze-welding yobushushu obuphezulu. Ii-electrode ze-Tungsten zikwasetyenziswa kwizicelo zenzululwazi, ezinje nge-mass spectrometry kunye ne-capillary electrophoresis.

Olunye uhlobo olusetyenziswa ngokubanzi lwe-electrode yi-electrode yereferensi. Le electrode isetyenziselwa ukuseka nokugcina amandla okubhekisela rhoqo kwiseli ye-electrochemical. Eyona isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ireferensi ye-electrode yi-saturated calomel electrode (SCS). I-ECS iqulethe i-paste ye-mercury kunye ne-mercury chloride efakwe kwisisombululo se-potassium chloride. Le electrode isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumlinganiselo we-pH kunye novavanyo lwe-electrochemical.

Iimpawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali ze-electrodes

Uhlalutyo olubanzi lweempawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali ezimisela ukusebenza kunye nokuqina kwee-electrodes.

I ii-electrode Zingamacandelo asisiseko kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nekhemistri, i-elektroniki kunye neyeza. Yakhe ukusebenza kunye nokuqina Ziyimiba ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nexesha elide kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Kolu hlalutyo olubanzi, siza kuhlolisisa i iimpawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali eziphembelela ukusebenza kunye nokuqina kwee-electrodes.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba iipropati ezibonakalayo yee-electrodes, ezifana nokuma kwazo, ubungakanani kunye nommandla ongaphezulu, kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu ekusebenzeni kwazo. Ngokomzekelo, indawo enkulu ye-electrode surface ivumela indawo enkulu yokudlulisa intlawulo, enokunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-electrochemical reactions. Ngokukwanjalo, ubume be-electrode obufanelekileyo bunokwandisa ukuhanjiswa kwangoku kokuhamba kunye nokunciphisa i-gradients yoxinaniso, into ebalulekileyo ekugcineni uzinzo kunye nokufana kwe-electrochemical reaction.

Ngokuphathelele iipropati zeekhemikhali yee-electrode, kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. I ukwakheka kweekhemikhali ye-electrode iya kugqiba amandla ayo okwamkela okanye ukunikela ngee-electron ngexesha lokuphendula kwe-electrochemical. Ngaphandle koko, i ubunyulu Izinto ezisetyenziswe kwi-electrode ziyimfuneko ukuphepha ukuphendula okungafunekiyo kunye nokuphucula ubomi bayo obuncedo. Omnye umba osisiseko yi uzinzo lweekhemikhali ye-electrode xa kuthelekiswa nemidiya eyahlukileyo eya kusetyenziswa kuyo. Ezinye ii-electrode zinokuthi zichaphazeleke ngakumbi kwi-corrosion okanye ukuthotywa ngenxa yokuvezwa kweekhemikhali ezinobunzima, ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwazo kwexesha elide kunye nokuqina.

Ukusebenza kwee-electrodes kwiinkqubo ze-electrochemical

Ii-electrodes zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kweenkqubo ze-electrochemical. Ezi zixhobo zivumela ukuhanjiswa kwee-electron phakathi kweentlobo zeekhemikhali ezikhoyo kwiseli ye-electrochemical, mhlawumbi ekunciphiseni okanye kwi-oxidation reaction. Ukuba yindawo yoqhagamshelwano phakathi kwenkqubo nangaphandle, kubalulekile ukuqonda isakhiwo kunye nokuziphatha kwayo ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwezi nkqubo.

Ubume bee-electrodes Iqulathe iileya ezahlukeneyo ezizalisekisa iindima ezithile. Okokuqala, i-electrode substrate inikeza isiseko esiqinileyo sokuxhasa ezinye iileyile. I-conductive layer ifakwe kulo mhlaba, ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngekhabhoni okanye isinyithi njengeplatinam okanye igolide, evumela ukuhanjiswa kwee-electron. Ngaphezulu kwe-conductive layer yingubo okanye izinto ezongezelelweyo. Eli candelo linokuba yi-catalyst, njenge-manganese dioxide kwibhetri ye-alkaline, okanye i-membrane ekhethiweyo evumela i-ion ezithile ukuba zidlule.

I-electrode-electrolyte interface Ngenye yeengongoma eziphambili ekusebenzeni kwee-electrodes. Kulo mmandla, iimpendulo zokudluliselwa kwentlawulo zenzeka, zombini kwindawo ye-electrode kunye nesisombululo esijikelezileyo. Inkqubo ye-adsorption kunye ne-desorption ye-ion kumphezulu we-electrode ityebisa okanye ihlwempuzeke ukuxinwa kweentlobo ezikhoyo, ezichaphazela isantya se-electrochemical reactions. Ngaphezu koko, ubukho bokungcola kwi-electrolyte bunokuchaphazela ukuzinza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwee-electrodes, ngoko ke ukucoceka kwabo kubalulekile.

Iimpawu zee-electrodes ukumisela ukusebenza kunye nezicelo zabo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo electrochemical. Izinto eziguquguqukayo ezifana nommandla wayo womphezulu, ukuqhubeleka, ukuqina kunye nokuzinza ngokuchasene neekhemikhali zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqwalasela uhlobo lwe-electrode esetyenzisiweyo, njengesinyithi, i-carbon okanye i-electrodes ekhethekileyo efana ne-electrode reference. Le yokugqibela ivumela ukugcina amandla okubhekisela rhoqo kwinkqubo, eyimfuneko kwizicelo ezininzi ze-electrochemical.

Isishwankathelo, i-electrodes zizinto ezisisiseko kwiinkqubo ze-electrochemical, ezivumela ukuhanjiswa kwee-electron kunye nokusebenza kweekhemikhali. Ubume bayo, i-electrode-electrolyte interface kunye neempawu zinquma ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Ukuqonda kunye nokuphucula le miba kubalulekile kuphuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-electrochemical esebenza ngakumbi kwaye ezinzileyo.

Inkcazo ecacileyo yendima ebalulekileyo yee-electrode kwiinkqubo ze-electrochemical kunye nefuthe labo ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo.

Isiqendu 1: I-Electrodes zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ze-electrochemical, kuba zisebenza njengendlela yokudluliselwa kwentlawulo phakathi kwamacandelo enkqubo. Ezi zixhobo zokuqhuba zivumela ukuhamba kwee-electron ukuya okanye ukusuka kwi-electrolytes, ukuvelisa ukusabela kweekhemikhali ezifunwayo. Uyilo olufanelekileyo kunye nokukhethwa kwee-electrode kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo ze-electrochemical. Ezi zingenziwa ngezinto ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nezinyithi, i-alloys okanye izinto eziphambili zokuqhuba, kwaye ukhetho lwabo luya kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zenkqubo kunye neenjongo zesicelo.

Isiqendu 2: Indima ye-electrodes ayikhawulelwanga kuphela ukudluliselwa kwentlawulo, iphinda ichaphazele isantya sokuphendula kunye nokusebenza kweenkqubo ze-electrochemical. I-morphology kunye nomphezulu we-electrodes zizinto ezimisela izinto kwi-kinetics ye-electrochemical reactions. Indawo enkulu esebenzayo inokunyusa izinga lokuphendula ngokubonelela ngamanqaku oqhagamshelwano ngakumbi kunye ne-reactants, ukukhuthaza ukudluliselwa kwentlawulo ngokukhawuleza. Ukongezelela, i-electrodes inokuguqulwa ngokwekhemikhali okanye isebenze kunye ne-catalysts ethile ukuqhubela phambili ukuphucula ukusebenza kweenkqubo ze-electrochemical, okuvumela ukuguqulwa kwamandla amakhulu.

Isiqendu 3: Impembelelo ye-electrode ekusebenzeni kweenkqubo ze-electrochemical ibalulekile. I-electrode embi, umzekelo, inokubangela ukuhla kwenkqubo yokusebenza kakuhle ngenxa yokuchasana okuphezulu kwangaphakathi, okukhawulela ukudluliselwa kwentlawulo. Ngokufanayo, ukubola kwee-electrode kunokuchaphazela kakubi ubomi obuluncedo kunye nokuzinza kweenkqubo ze-electrochemical. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo kwee-electrodes ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokwandisa ixesha elide. Isishwankathelo, i-electrodes idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ze-electrochemical kunye nokukhetha kwabo ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokugcinwa negalelo ngokuthe ngqo ekusebenzeni kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo ze-electrochemical.

Ukugcinwa kunye nokunyamekela kwee-electrodes

I ii-electrode Ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezicelo ezininzi zombane kunye nezixhobo. Kuba gcina su ukusebenza y ukuqina, efanelekileyo lumka y ulondolozo. Ngezantsi kukho ezinye iingcebiso kwi ukugcinwa kunye nokhathalelo Ii-electrode ezifanelekileyo:

Ukucoca rhoqo: Gcina i-electrodes icocekile Kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle. Ukucoca rhoqo kunconywa ukusebenzisa ilaphu elithambileyo, elomileyo ukususa uthuli oluqokelelweyo kunye nokungcola. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa izinyibilikisi okanye iikhemikhali ezinamandla, njengoko zinokuwonakalisa i-electrode.

Indawo yokugcina efanelekileyo: Xa i-electrodes ingasetyenziswa, kubalulekile ukuyigcina ngokufanelekileyo ukukhusela umonakalo. Kunconywa ukuba uzigcine kwindawo eyomileyo nepholileyo, kude nomswakama kunye nokukhanya kwelanga. Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba akhuselekile kumaqhuma okanye ukuwa okunokuchaphazela ingqibelelo yawo.

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo: Ukwenza uhlolo lwexesha lee-electrode kubalulekile ukufumanisa naziphi na iimpawu zokuguga, ukonakala okanye ukubola. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na i-anomaly, kuyacetyiswa tshintsha i-electrodes ngokukhawuleza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye ugweme iingxaki ezinokuthi zibe khona.

Iingcebiso ezicacileyo kunye nezisebenzayo zokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa okuchanekileyo kunye nokwandisa ubomi obuncedo bee-electrodes.

I-Electrodes zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zeshishini nezesayensi. Ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwayo okuchanekileyo kunye nokwandisa ubomi bayo obuluncedo kubalulekile ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle nokusebenza kwayo. Nazi izindululo ezithile nezisebenzayo:

Gcina ii-electrode kwindawo ecocekileyo neyomileyo: Ukufuma kunye nokungcola kunokuchaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kwee-electrodes. Kubalulekile ukuwagcina kwindawo ecocekileyo neyomileyo ukuze ugweme ukuqokelela uthuli kunye nokukhusela i-oxidation yee-electrodes zetsimbi. Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba unxibe iiglavu ezicocekileyo xa uziphethe ukuphepha ukuhambisa ioyile okanye igrisi enokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwazo.

Coca rhoqo ii-electrodes: I-debris buildup ebusweni be-electrode inokuchaphazela umgangatho woqhagamshelwano kunye nokudluliselwa komqondiso. Ukucoca, sebenzisa ilaphu elithambileyo, elimanzi ngamanzi adibeneyo okanye isisombululo esincinci sokucoca. Gwema ukusebenzisa i-solvents enobudlova okanye i-abrasive, njengoko inokulimaza i-electrodes. Qinisekisa ukuba uyomisa i-electrodes ngokupheleleyo emva kokucoca.

Jonga rhoqo ii-electrode: Kubalulekile ukwenza uhlolo lwamaxesha athile ukuze kubonwe umonakalo onokwenzeka okanye ukunxiba kwii-electrodes. Khangela ukuba akukho zintanda, ukuphuka okanye ukuguqulwa kwee-electrodes. Kwakhona, khangela ingqibelelo yeentambo kunye nezihlanganisi. Ukuba uhlangabezana nazo naziphi na iingxaki, buyisela ii-electrodes ezonakalisiweyo ngokukhawuleza ukuphepha nayiphi na impembelelo embi kumgangatho wokulinganisa okanye ukusebenza kwesixhobo.

Ukukhethwa ngokufanelekileyo kwee-electrode ngokwesicelo

I ii-electrode Ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezininzi ze-welding kwaye ngoko ke kubalulekile ukukhetha ezifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwisicelo esithile. Ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwe-electrodes luqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo ye-welding, kunye nokuqina kunye nokusebenza komsebenzi wokugqibela.

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha i-electrode uhlobo lwezinto ukuba solder. Impahla nganye ineempawu zayo kunye neemfuno ze-welding, ngoko ke ukukhetha i-electrode ehambelanayo kubalulekile. Ngokomzekelo, xa i-welding steel stainless steel, i-electrode ye-tungsten ehlanganiswe ne-cerium, i-lanthanum okanye i-thorium kufuneka isetyenziswe, njengoko ezi zinto zixhathisa amaqondo okushisa aphezulu kwaye zibonelela ngokugqwesileyo kokugqwala.

Enye into ekufuneka iqwalaselwe yile ubukhulu bezinto eziphathekayo. Ukudibanisa iziqwenga ezincinci, i-electrode ene-welding ephantsi yangoku iyacetyiswa ukuphepha ukonakalisa izinto. Kwelinye icala, kwiziqwenga ezishinyeneyo, ii-electrode eziphezulu zangoku zinokusetyenziselwa ukufezekisa i-weld eyomeleleyo neyomelele ngakumbi. Ngaphandle koko, i i-polarity ye-electrode nayo ifanelekile, njengoko inokuchaphazela umgangatho kunye nokuzinza kwe-arc yombane ngexesha le-welding.

Iingcebiso kunye nezikhokelo zokukhetha i-electrodes efanelekileyo kakhulu ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno zesicelo ngasinye.

Ngokuba khetha i-electrode efanelekileyo Kuyo nayiphi na isicelo, kubalulekile ukuba uthathele ingqalelo uthotho izinto eziphambiliOkokuqala, kubalulekile vavanya la ubude bexesha ye welding kunye uhlobo lwangoku isetyenzisiwe. i-electrode ezigqunyiweyo zilungele ukuwelda okwexeshana okanye okwethutyana, ngelixa i i-electrode engenanto Bakulungele kangcono imisebenzi kunye I-DC kwaye ihlala ixesha elide. Ngaphandle koko, chonga el izinto ezisisiseko kwaye i uhlobo joint i-welding nayo ibalulekile ekukhetheni ezona electrode zifanelekileyo.

Enye ingongoma ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa khetha i-electrode Ingaba i uhlobo ukutyabeka. Iingubo zinokwahluka kwaye zinikeze iipropati ezahlukeneyo ukuba phucula weldability kunye khusela i-weld bead ngokuchasene ne-oxidation kunye nosulelo. Umzekelo, i-electrodes ene i-cellulose yokwaleka ukubonelela ukungena nzulu, ngelixa iingubo ze rutile Zikulungele ukuwelda kwiindawo ezinzima. Ngaphezu koko, ibalulekile cinga el ubungakanani kwaye i Idayamitha ye-electrode ukuqinisekisa imveliso kunye nolawulo olufanelekileyo xa welding.

Okokugqibela, kubalulekile khetha i-electrodes esekelwe kwi iimfuno kunye neemfuno ezithile kwisicelo ngasinye. Izinto ezifana ne ukumelana noomatshini, i ukuhlanjululwa, i ubushushu bokukhonza kwaye i iimeko zokusebenza mayibe kuthathelwe ingqaleloKubalulekile cebisa idatha yobugcisa bomenzi, eya kuthi ichaze iimpawu kunye neenzuzo ze-electrode nganye. Ngale ndlela, umgangatho kunye nesiphumo esihlala sihleli sinokuqinisekiswa kuzo zonke izicelo ze-welding.

Ukubaluleka kwee-electrodes kumayeza

I ii-electrode Zizinto ezisisiseko kwintsimi yeyeza, kuba zivumela ukuhanjiswa kunye nokurekhoda kwemiqondiso yombane emzimbeni womntu. Ezi zixhobo ezincinci, ezenziwe ngezinto zokuqhuba, zisetyenziselwa uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zonyango, ukusuka ekukhuthazeni kwenhliziyo ukuya ekuboneni umsebenzi wobuchopho.

Kwinkalo ye-cardiology, ii-electrode Badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuxilongeni nasekunyangeni izifo zentliziyo. Zibekwe ngobuchule esifubeni sesigulane ukulinganisa nokurekhoda umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo. Olu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu ekuchongeni iingxaki zesigqi sentliziyo kunye nokukhokela ukuphunyezwa konyango olufana ne-defibrillation.

Enye indawo apho ii-electrode zibalulekile yi-neurology. Ngezi zixhobo, oogqirha banokulinganisa umsebenzi wombane wengqondo, owaziwa ngokuba yi-electroencephalogram (EEG). Oku kubonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nempilo yobuchopho, njengokubona ukuxhuzula, ukufunda iipatheni zokulala, kunye nokufumana izicubu ezonakeleyo kwiimeko zokwenzakala kwengqondo.

Ukuphononongwa kwezicelo zonyango ze-electrodes, zigxininisa ukubaluleka kwazo ekuxilongweni nasekunyangeni izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Usetyenziso kuxilongo:
I-Electrodes iguqule intsimi yokuxilongwa kwezonyango ngokuvumela ukufunyanwa okuchanekileyo kunye ngexesha langempela ekusebenzeni kwamalungu ahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo ze umzimba womntu. Ngombulelo kwezi zixhobo, oogqirha banokwenza i-electrocardiograms ebhala umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo, ukuchonga i-arrhythmias kunye nezifo zentliziyo ngokuchanekileyo okukhulu. Ukongeza, ii-electrode zibalulekile kuphononongo lomsebenzi wobuchopho ngokusebenzisa i-electroencephalograms, eququzelela ukubonwa kweengxaki zemithambo-luvo ezifana nokuxhuzula okanye amathumba ebuchotsheni.

Ukusetyenziswa kunyango:
Ii-electrodes zikwadlala indima ephambili kunyango lwezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kunyango olunzulu lokuvuselela ingqondo, ii-electrode zifakwa kwingqondo ukunciphisa iimpawu zokuphazamiseka okunje nge-Parkinson, ukudakumba okuxhathisayo, kunye ne-dystonia. Ezi electrode zikhupha iimpembelelo zombane ezilawulwayo ezilawula umsebenzi we-neural, ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi bezigulane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwi-electrotherapy, i-electrodes isetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa umbane ophantsi kakhulu kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba, ezinceda ukukhulula intlungu, ukuvuselela ukuphilisa, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwemisipha kwiimeko zokulimala kwe-musculoskeletal okanye izifo.

Uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo kunye neengqwalasela:
Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubela phambili, i-electrodes iyaqhubeka nokuguquka ukuze kuxilongwe kunye nokunyangwa kwezifo. Abaphandi basebenza kwi-miniaturization ye-electrodes, eya kuvumela ukuhlanganiswa kwabo kwizixhobo zonyango eziphathekayo ezingabonakaliyo. Ukongeza, ii-electrode eziguquguqukayo ziphuhliswa ezilungelelanisa ngcono ukumila komzimba, ukwandisa ukusebenza kwazo kunye nokuthuthuzela izigulane. Nangona kunjalo, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela iinkalo ezifana nokuqina kwee-electrodes, umngcipheko wokusuleleka kunye nesidingo soqeqesho olufanelekileyo ekusebenziseni kwabo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwabo kunye nokhuseleko kwintsimi yezonyango.

Itekhnoloji entsha kunye nenkqubela phambili kwii-electrode

Izixhobo ze-Electrode: Omnye wemiba ephambili kuphuhliso lwe Kukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo. Ngaphambili, ii-electrodes zazenziwe ikakhulu ngesinyithi esifana nobhedu okanye insimbi engenasici. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kukho umdla okhulayo wokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha, ezinje ngamananomaterials okanye igraphene. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngeempawu ezikhethekileyo, ezifana ne-conductivity enkulu yombane okanye ukuzinza okukhulu ngokuchasene ne-corrosion, okuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokuqina kwee-electrodes.

Uyilo lwe-Electrode: Ukongeza kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ukuyila kwee-electrode kuye kwabona ukuqhubela phambili okuphawulekayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-electrodes yayiziipleyiti zetsimbi okanye imivalo. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, uyilo olunzima ngakumbi luyaphuhliswa olwenza uninzi lweempawu zezinto ezisetyenziswayo. Umzekelo, ii-electrode ziyilwe zinezakhiwo ezincinci, ezinje ngeepores okanye i-nanotubes, ezonyusa indawo esebenzayo ye-electrode kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo ze-electrochemical. Ezi nkqubela phambili kuyilo zivumela ukusebenza kakuhle kwizicelo ezifana nokuveliswa kwamandla okanye ukuchithwa kwamanzi.

Ukusebenza kwe-Electrode: Uphuhliso lwe Ijolise ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwayo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwintsimi yeebhetri, i-electrodes enegunya elikhulu lokugcina amandla kunye nobomi obude obude bufunwa. Kwintsimi ye-electrocatalysis, ukuphuculwa komsebenzi we-catalytic we-electrodes iphandwa ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo ezifana nokuveliswa kwe-hydrogen. Le nkqubela phambili yokusebenza kwe-electrode ibalulekile ekuqhubeni uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe obuzinzileyo nobusebenzayo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kumandla ahlaziyekayo ukuya kwizixhobo zombane.

Ukuboniswa kwenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yamva nje kuyilo kunye nokwenziwa kwee-electrode, kunye nefuthe labo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zophando kunye nophuhliso.

Inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kuyilo kunye nokwenziwa kwee-electrode iguqule iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zophando nophuhliso. Olu phuhliso olutsha luye lwavumela ukudalwa kwee-electrodes ezisebenzayo kunye nezichanekileyo, eziye zanempembelelo enkulu kwimimandla efana neyeza, amandla kunye nesayensi yezinto.

Kwintsimi yeyeza, ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kutsha nje kuyilo lwe-electrode kuye kwavumela ukudalwa kwezixhobo zonyango eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye nezichanekileyo. Ezi electrode eziphuculweyo zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zotyando, ezifana nokuvuselela ingqondo enzulu, i-electrocardiography kunye ne-electroencephalography. Ngombulelo kwezi nkqubela phambili, oogqirha banokufumana ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nobuchopho bezigulane okanye umsebenzi wentliziyo, ophucule ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango lwezifo ze-neurological and cardiovascular.

Kwintsimi yamandla, ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kuyilo lwe-electrode kunye nokuveliswa kube luncedo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwebhetri kunye nokusebenza. Ezi electrode ziphuculweyo zivumela ukutshaja okukhulu kunye nomthamo wokukhupha, nto leyo iguqulela kubomi obude bebhetri kunye nokuhlaziywa rhoqo. Ngaphaya koko, ezi nkqubela phambili zikwaququzelela ukuphunyezwa kweebhetri zamandla aphezulu kwizixhobo ezincinci zombane, ezinjengee-smartphones kunye neetafile.

Kwinkalo yesayensi yezinto, inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji entsha kuyilo lwe-electrode kunye nokuveliswa kuye kwavumela ukuphuhliswa kwezinto ezintsha neziguquguqukayo. Ezi electrode eziphuculweyo zingasetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-sensor, i-catalysts kunye ne-electrode yeeseli zamafutha. Ukongeza, ezi nkqubela phambili ziye zavula umnyango wokwenziwa kwezinto ezineempawu ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili, ezifana ne-flexible okanye i-self-healing electrode, evula uluhlu olubanzi lwamathuba ophando kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezinto eziphambili.

Isishwankathelo, inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yamva nje kuyilo lwe-electrode kunye nokuveliswa kube nefuthe elibalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zophando kunye nophuhliso. Ezi nkqubela phambili zenze ukuba kudalwe izixhobo zonyango ezinobugocigoci, ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kwebhetri kunye nokusebenza, kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo ezintsha neziguquguqukayo kwisayensi yezinto. Ngenkqubela nganye entsha, amathuba amatsha ayavuleka kwaye imida yetekhnoloji ye-electrode ityhalelwa ngakumbi.