Izifo zesityalo semali

"Izifo zezityalo zemali" zenza uluhlu lwezifo ezichaphazela isityalo esaziwa njengePilea peperomioides ngokwesayensi. Olu hlobo, olwamkelwa ngokubanzi ngamagqabi ayo angqukuva kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukuphumelela kwindawo yangaphakathi, inokusongelwa ziziphazamiso ezahlukeneyo ezibeka esichengeni ukukhula kunye nempilo. Kule nqaku, siya kuhlalutya ngokubanzi izifo eziphambili ezinokuchaphazela esi sityalo, izizathu zabo, iimpawu kunye nonyango olunokwenzeka, ngenjongo yokubonelela abalimi bePilea peperomioides ngezixhobo eziyimfuneko zokuthintela nokulwa nale meko.

1. Intshayelelo kwizifo zezityalo zemali

Izifo zezityalo zemali yingxaki eqhelekileyo echaphazela olu hlobo lwezityalo zasekhaya. Ezi zifo zinokubangelwa ziintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo ezifana nomngundo, ibhaktiriya kunye neentsholongwane, kunye neemeko ezingonelanga zokusingqongileyo. Ukuqaphela kunye nokunyanga ezi zifo kwangethuba kubalulekile ekugcineni impilo yezityalo kunye nokuthintela ukusasazeka kwesi sifo kwezinye izityalo ezikufutshane.

Kweli candelo, siya kukunika ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nezifo eziphambili ezichaphazela isityalo semali, kunye neengcebiso ezisebenzayo zokuzithintela kunye nokulawula ukusasazeka kwazo. Uya kufunda ukuqaphela ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zezi zifo, njengamachokoza amagqabi, ukujika kombala, ukutyheli nokubuna. Siza kukufundisa kwakhona indlela yokuyifumanisa ngokuchanekileyo ingxaki kwaye sikunike isikhokelo Inyathelo nenyathelo ngendlela yokuphatha isifo ngasinye ngempumelelo.

Ukongeza, uya kufumana imizekelo eyimifanekiso kunye nezixhobo eziluncedo zokukunceda uchonge kwaye uphathe izifo zezityalo zemali. Siza kukunika iingcebiso malunga nokuba zeziphi iimveliso kunye nezinto onokuthi uzisebenzise ukulawula ezi zifo, kunye nemiyalelo eneenkcukacha malunga nokusetyenziswa kwazo. Ungalibali ukulandela amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuthintela, njengokugcina isityalo ekukhanyeni okufanelekileyo, ubushushu kunye neemeko zokufuma, kunye nokuphepha ukunkcenkceshela okugqithisileyo okanye ukuqokelelana kwamanzi emhlabeni. Ngolwazi oluchanekileyo kunye nezixhobo, ungagcina imali yakho izityalo zisempilweni kwaye zintle.

2. Iintsholongwane eziphambili kunye nezifo ezichaphazela isityalo semali

Isityalo semali, esaziwa ngokuba yi-Pachira aquatica, sisengozini yosulelo ziintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo kunye nezifo ezinokuyenza buthathaka impilo yaso kwaye ichaphazele ukukhula kwayo. Ngezantsi zezinye zeengxaki eziphambili ze-phytosanitary ezinokuchaphazela esi sityalo:

• Roya: Umhlwa ngumngundo onokubangela amachokoza amdaka okanye amthubi emagqabini esityalo semali. Ukulawula esi sifo, kubalulekile ukususa amagqabi achaphazelekayo kwaye usebenzise i-fungicides efanelekileyo.
• Pudrición de la raíz: Ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo okanye umhlaba ongavuthwanga kakuhle kungakhokelela ekuboleni kweengcambu zesityalo, nto leyo ebangela ukubuna kunye nokuba tyheli kwamagqabi. Ukuthintela esi sifo, kubalulekile ukubonelela ngokunkcenkceshela okwaneleyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba ukhutshwe kakuhle.
• Manchas foliares: Amachokoza amagqabi adla ngokubangelwa ngumngundo kunye neebhaktheriya, kwaye abonakala njengamachokoza amdaka okanye i-necrosis emagqabini. Ukulawula esi sifo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kususwe amagqabi awosulelekileyo, kuthintelwe ukufuma okugqithisileyo, kwaye kusetyenziswe imichiza yokungunda okanye i-bactericides njengoko kuyimfuneko.

Ukuqapha rhoqo kunye nokunyamekela okufanelekileyo kubalulekile ukugcina impilo yesityalo semali. Wahlole rhoqo amagqabi ngeempawu zesifo okanye iintsholongwane kwaye uthathe amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwazo. Ukongezelela, qiniseka ukuba ulungiselela indawo efanelekileyo yokukhula kwesityalo, kuquka iqondo lobushushu elaneleyo, ukufuma okulawulwayo, nokuba sesichengeni ngokwaneleyo. ekukhanyeni ilanga.

Khumbula ukuba uthintelo ngundoqo ekugcineni impilo yesityalo semali. Ngokulandela iindlela zokunyamekela kakuhle, njengokunkcenkceshela okufanelekileyo, ukususa amagqabi achaphazelekileyo, kunye nokusebenzisa iimveliso ze-phytosanitary xa kuyimfuneko, unokugcina isityalo sakho sikwimeko efanelekileyo kwaye ujabulele ubuhle baso kwikhaya lakho okanye kwiofisi.

3. Iimpawu kunye neempawu zezifo kwisityalo semali

Izityalo zemali, ekwaziwa njenge Pilea peperomioides, inokuchaphazeleka zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezichaphazela impilo kunye nokubonakala kwazo. Kubalulekile ukwazi iimpawu kunye neempawu zezi zifo ukwenzela ukuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela kunye nokunyanga ngokufanelekileyo.

Esinye sezifo eziqhelekileyo kwisityalo semali ukubola kweengcambu. Esi sifo sibonakaliswe ngobuthathaka jikelele besityalo, amaqabunga aphuzi kunye namaqabunga, kunye nevumba elingathandekiyo kwindawo yeengcambu. Olunye uphawu oluqhelekileyo kubukho bamabala amnyama okanye abolileyo kwiingcambu kunye nakwisiseko sesiqu. Ukuthintela ukubola kweengcambu, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba isityalo sikumhlaba ongenamanzi kwaye uthintele ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo.

Esinye isifo esinokuchaphazela isityalo semali clorosis. Le meko ibonakaliswa ngamagqabi aphuzi okanye aphelelwe umbala, ngelixa imithambo ihlala iluhlaza. I-Chlorosis ngokuqhelekileyo ibangelwa kukunqongophala kwezondlo eziyimfuneko, njenge-iron okanye i-magnesium, emhlabeni. Ukunyanga i-chlorosis, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise izichumisi ezityebileyo kwezi zondlo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba isityalo sifumana umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokukhanya kwelanga.

4. Uthintelo kunye nolawulo lwezifo kwiplanti yemali

Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa impilo kunye namandla akho. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso kunye nemilinganiselo onokuthi uyithathe ukuze ugcine isityalo sakho singenasifo kwaye ukonwabele ukukhula kwaso.

1. Gcina indawo engqongileyo icocekile kwaye isempilweni: Ukuthintela izifo, kubalulekile ukugcina isityalo semali kwindawo ecocekileyo nesempilweni. Sula rhoqo ii-blades ngelaphu elimanzi ukuze ususe uthuli kunye ne-debris. Kuphephe ukufuma okugqithisileyo emhlabeni kwaye uqinisekise ukuba imbiza inemijelo elungileyo yokuthintela ukugcwala kwamanzi.

2. Hlola isityalo rhoqo: Yenza uhlolo rhoqo ukuze ukhangele naziphi na iimpawu zesifo. Nika ingqalelo utshintsho kumbala okanye ukuthungwa kwamagqabi, ubukho bamabala, i-discolorations okanye iindawo ezonakalisiweyo. Ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu zesifo, ngokukhawuleza uhlukanise isityalo esichaphazelekayo ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwesi sifo kwezinye izityalo ezikufutshane.

3. Faka unyango olufanelekileyo: Ukuba isityalo sakho semali sibonisa iimpawu zesifo, kubalulekile ukufaka unyango olufanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza. Dibana nengcali yegadi ukuze ufumane uxilongo oluchanekileyo kwaye ulandele imiyalelo ethile yokulawula isifo. Kusenokufuneka ukuba kusetyenziswe imichiza yokungunda okanye imichiza yokubulala izinambuzane, kunye nokulungelelanisa ubushushu kunye neemeko zokufuma ukukhuthaza ukubuyiswa kwezityalo.

5. Ukubaluleka kwempilo yezityalo ukuthintela izifo zezityalo zemali

Impilo yezityalo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni nasekulawuleni izifo ezichaphazela isityalo semali esithandwayo. Eyaziwa ngokwesayensi njengePachira aquatica, esi sityalo semvelaphi yetropikhi siyaxatyiswa ngokuxhathisa kwaso kwaye sithathwa njengophawu lwethamsanqa kunye nempumelelo. Nangona kunjalo, ayikhululwa ekuchatshazweni zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinokubeka esichengeni impilo kunye nenkangeleko yayo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlalutya ukubaluleka kwempilo yezityalo kunye nendlela esinokukhusela ngayo ezi zifo.

Impilo yezityalo ibhekisa kwiseti yeendlela kunye nezicwangciso ezisetyenziselwa ukuthintela, ukuxilonga nokulawula izifo. yezityalo. Kwimeko yesityalo semali, ezinye zezifo eziqhelekileyo kukubola kweengcambu, ukubola kwesiqu kunye namagqabi, kunye namachokoza amagqabi. Ezi zifo zinokubangelwa ngumngundo, iibhaktheriya okanye iimeko ezingathandekiyo zokusingqongileyo.

Ukuthintela izifo zezityalo zemali, kubalulekile ukulandela izikhokelo zempilo yezityalo. Okokuqala, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe i-substrates esemgangathweni kunye nomhlaba ongenazo iintsholongwane kwaye ube ne-drainage efanelekileyo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukubonelela ngokunkcenkceshela okwaneleyo, ukuphepha kokubili ukugqithisa kunye nokoma okugqithisileyo kwe-substrate. Ukongeza, ukukhanya okufanelekileyo kunye nokungena umoya kungundoqo ekugcineni impilo yesityalo. Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukusihlola rhoqo isityalo ukubona iimpawu zesifo, ezinje ngamabala, ukuguquka kombala, okanye ukukhula okungaqhelekanga. Ukuba kukho nasiphi na isifo esifunyenweyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuthathwe amanyathelo olawulo ngokukhawuleza, njengokufaka imichiza yokungunda okanye ukwahlula isityalo esichaphazelekayo.

6. Izifo eziqhelekileyo zesityalo semali: ukuxilongwa kunye nokulawula

Izifo ziyingxaki eqhelekileyo enokuchaphazela impilo kunye nokubonakala kwezityalo zemali. Ukuchonga nokunyanga ezi zifo kwangethuba kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okufanelekileyo kunye nophuhliso lwesityalo. Ngezantsi zizifo eziqhelekileyo zesityalo semali, kunye nokuxilongwa kwazo kunye nolawulo olufanelekileyo:

1. Ukubola kweengcambu: Esi sifo ngokuqhelekileyo sibangelwa ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithiseleyo okanye ubukho befungi kwi-substrate. Ukubona ukubola kweengcambu, khangela iingcambu ezimnyama kunye nokukhula okucothayo okanye ukubuna kwesityalo. Ukulawula esi sifo, kubalulekile ukulungelelanisa ukunkcenkceshela ukuphepha ukufuma okugqithisileyo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba i-substrate ikhutshwe kakuhle. Ukusetyenziswa kwemichiza yokungunda ethile yokubola kweengcambu nako kunokuba luncedo.
2. Manchas foliares: Amachokoza amagqabi sisifo esixhaphakileyo esibonakala njengamachokoza amancinci amdaka okanye amthubi emagqabini esityalo. La mabala anokubangelwa ngumngundo okanye ibhaktheriya. Ukuxilonga amachokoza amagqabi, khangela amachokoza angaqhelekanga emagqabini nokuba ayanwenwa na ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ukulawula esi sifo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kususwe amagqabi achaphazelekileyo, kugcinwe umoya opholileyo ojikeleze isityalo kwaye uphephe ukunkcenkceshela ngaphezulu kwamagqabi. Kwiimeko ezinzima, unyango lwe-fungicidal okanye i-bactericidal lunokusetyenziswa ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-causative microorganism.
3. I-Woodlice: I-Mealybugs zizinambuzane ezincinci ezitya incindi yezityalo kwaye zinokuchaphazela kakhulu ukukhula kwesityalo semali. Ukuze ufumanise ukuba kukho i-mealybugs, khangela iindawo ezimhlophe okanye ezine-waxy emagqabini okanye kwiziqu zesityalo. Ukulawula le nkathazo, kucetyiswa ukuba usule amaqabunga ngobumnene ngelaphu elimanzi ukususa izinambuzane zesikali. Kwimeko yohlaselo oluqatha, ingasetyenziswa inambuzane ethile yokuphelisa i-mealybugs.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwezifo zezityalo zemali kunokuba nzima, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane neengcali zegadi ukuba uyathandabuza. Ukongezelela, ukugcina ukunakekelwa kwezityalo ngokubanzi, njengokubonelela ngomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokukhanya, amanzi, kunye nezondlo, kunokunceda ukukhusela izifo ezininzi kunye nokugcina isityalo sinempilo kwaye siphila ixesha elide.

7. Uninzi lwezifo zokungunda eziqhelekileyo kwisityalo semali kunye nonyango lwazo

Izifo zefungal sesinye sezoyikiso eziphambili ngenxa yempilo yesityalo semali (Crassula ovata). Ngethamsanqa, ngolawulo olululo kunye nonyango, kunokwenzeka ukulawula nokuthintela ezi zifo. Ngezantsi zizifo zefungal eziqhelekileyo kwisityalo semali kunye neendlela ezisebenzayo zonyango.

1. Ukubola kweengcambu (Phytophthora spp.): Esi sifo sokungunda sichaphazela iingcambu zesityalo kwaye sinokubangela ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithiseleyo okanye ukukhupha amanzi angaphantsi kwe-substrate. Ukuyiphatha, kubalulekile ukususa iingcambu ezichaphazelekayo kwaye ucwilise isityalo kwisisombululo se-fungicide imizuzu eyi-15-20. Emva koko, isityalo kufuneka siphinde sityalwe kwi-substrate ekhutshwe kakuhle kwaye iqinisekise ukunkcenkceshela okwaneleyo.

2. Ukungunda (Oidium spp.): Esi sifo sibonakala ngokubonakala komgubo omhlophe kumagqabi esityalo. Ukulwa ne-powdery mildew, kucetyiswa ukuba kufakwe i-fungicide ethile kwi-powdery mildew kumagqabi achaphazelekayo. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuphucula umoya kwaye uphephe iindawo ezifumileyo, njengoko oku kuthanda ukusasazeka kwefungus. Isibulali zinambuzane sisenokusetyenziswa ukulawula izitshabalalisi ezinokuthi zenze isityalo sibe buthathaka kwaye sisenze sibe sesichengeni sesi sifo.

3. Amabala amagqabi (Cercospora spp.): Amachokoza amagqabi sisifo sokungunda esixhaphakileyo kwisityalo semali. Zibonakala njengamachokoza amancinci amdaka ngesangqa okanye amdaka emagqabini. Ukunyanga esi sifo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kususwe amagqabi achaphazelekileyo kwaye kugalelwe isibulali ntsholongwane sokungunda ukulawula umngundo wamagqabi. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukugcina umgangatho wococeko kwisityalo, ukuphepha ukudibanisa namagqabi anesifo kunye nokubonelela ngokunkcenkceshela okwaneleyo ngaphandle kokumanzisa amagqabi.

8. Izifo zebhaktheriya kwisityalo semali: ukuchongwa kunye neendlela zokulawula

9. Iintsholongwane kunye nezifo zentsholongwane kwisityalo semali: ukufumanisa kunye nokuthintela amanyathelo

Izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane kwisityalo semali zinokuchaphazela ukukhula nokuphuhliswa kwayo, kwaye kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okubona kunye nokuthintela ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwabo. Ngezantsi kukho izikhokelo ezingundoqo zokuchonga kunye nokulwa ezi ntsholongwane:

1. Ukuqwalaselwa kunye nokufunyanwa kwangoko: Kubalulekile ukujonga naziphi na iimpawu zesifo sezityalo, ezinje ngamachokoza amagqabi okanye ukuguquka kombala, ukudodobala kokukhula, okanye ukukhubazeka. Ukwenza uhlolo rhoqo kunye nokuqhelana neempawu eziqhelekileyo zezifo zentsholongwane kuya kunceda ukufumanisa naziphi na iingxaki kwangethuba.

2. Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela ezikhuselekileyo zokusasaza: Ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwezifo zentsholongwane, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iindlela zokusasaza ezinciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo. Oku kubandakanya ukubulala iintsholongwane ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo zegadi ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, ukusebenzisa imbewu eqinisekisiweyo kunye nezityalo ezingenantsholongwane, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba i-substrate esetyenziswayo icocekile kwaye ayinapathogen.

3. Ukulawulwa kweentsholongwane zezinambuzane: Ezinye izinambuzane, ezifana neentwala kunye neethrips, zinokusasaza iintsholongwane kwizityalo. Ukuthintela ukutshatyalaliswa kwezi zinambuzane, kucetyiswa ukuba kuphunyezwe amanyathelo okulawula, njengokusetyenziswa kwezithintelo zomzimba, ukufakwa kwemigibe okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezinambuzane zendalo. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukugcina isityalo sikwimeko efanelekileyo yezempilo ukuze singachaphazeleki kakhulu kusulelo lwentsholongwane.

10. Izifo ezibangelwa ziinematodes kwisityalo semali

Ziyingxaki eqhelekileyo echaphazela impilo kunye nokukhula kwesi sityalo. Iinematodes ziintshulube ezincinci ezitya iingcambu kwaye zingenza buthathaka isityalo, zenze umonakalo omkhulu. Ngethamsanqa, kukho iindlela ezisebenzayo zokulawula nokuthintela ezi zifo.

Inyathelo lokuqala ukuya sombulula le ngxaki kukuchonga iimpawu ze-nematode infestation. Ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka iingcambu ezibunile okanye ezigogekileyo, amagqabi atyheli, kunye nokukhula okucothayo kwezityalo. Emva kokuba ubukho be-nematodes buqinisekisiwe, kubalulekile ukwenza ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi.

Enye indlela yokulawula i-nematodes kwisityalo semali kukusebenzisa unyango olukhoyo lwekhemikhali. kwimarike. Ezi mveliso zihlala zinezithako ezibulala iinematodes okanye ezithintela ukukhula kwazo. Kunconywa ukuba ulandele imiyalelo yomenzi kwaye usebenzise izixhobo eziyimfuneko zokukhusela xa usebenzisa ezi zonyango. Enye inketho yi-solarization yomhlaba, ebandakanya ukugubungela indawo echaphazelekayo ngamaphepha eplastiki acacileyo kwiinyanga eziliqela ukunyusa izinga lokushisa lomhlaba kunye nokuphelisa i-nematodes.

11. Izitshabalalisi nezifo ezinxulumeneyo kumzi-mali: iindlela zokulawula ezihlangeneyo

Ulawulo oludibeneyo lwezinambuzane kunye nezifo kwisityalo semali kubalulekile ukugcina impilo yaso kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula okuphezulu. Eli nqaku libonisa izicwangciso ezininzi ezinokunceda ukukhusela nokulawula ezi ngxaki ziqhelekileyo.

Chonga kwaye ubeke iliso kwizinambuzane nezifo

• Yenza uhlolo rhoqo lwesityalo naziphi na iimpawu zohlaselo okanye izifo. Nika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kumagqabi, iziqu kunye neengcambu.
• Chonga ngokuchanekileyo izitshabalalisi kunye nezifo ukumisela eyona ndlela yokulawula ilungileyo.
• Sebenzisa izibatha zepheromone okanye izibatha ezincangathi ezityheli ukujonga ubukho bezinambuzane ezibhabhayo.
• Gcina iirekhodi ezineenkcukacha zoqwalaselo ukuvavanya ubuzaza beengxaki kunye nokulandelela inkqubela yezicwangciso-qhinga zolawulo.

Ukuphumeza iindlela zolawulo lwenkcubeko

• Gcina ulawulo olululo lomhlaba, uqinisekise ukuthuthwa kwamanzi okwaneleyo kwaye uthintele ukugcwala kwamanzi.
• Rhoqo Susa ukhula kunye nobutyobo bezityalo obunokugcina izinambuzane nezifo.
• Gcina ibhalansi yokunkcenkceshela efanelekileyo kwaye ugweme uxinzelelo lwamanzi olugqithisileyo.
• Ukubonelela ngokungena komoya okwaneleyo kunye nokujikeleza komoya kwisityalo.

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Sebenzisa iindlela zolawulo lwebhayoloji kunye neekhemikhali

• Yazisa izitshabalalisi zendalo, ezifana nezinambuzane eziluncedo kunye namangolwane, ezitya izitshabalalisi.
• Faka iimveliso zebhayoloji ezisekelwe kwii-microorganisms eziluncedo ezilwa nezinambuzane kunye nezifo.
• Sebenzisa amayeza athile okubulala izinambuzane kunye nemingundo phantsi kwezalathi ezicetyiswayo kunye needosi.
• Yenza unyango lothintelo kunye/okanye lokunyanga, njengoko kuyimfuneko.

12. Izifo zengcambu kunye ne-vascular system kwisityalo semali

Izifo zengcambu kunye ne-vascular system ziingxaki eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela isityalo semali. Ezi zifo zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwisityalo kwaye ekugqibeleni zikhokelela ekufeni kwaso ukuba asiphathwanga kakuhle. Kweli candelo, siya kukunika iinkcukacha ezicacileyo malunga nendlela yokulungisa le ngxaki inyathelo ngenyathelo.

1. Ukuchongwa kwezifo: Inyathelo lokuqala kukuchonga isifo okanye imeko echaphazela umzi-mali. Ezinye zezifo eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukubola kweengcambu, i-stem necrosis, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo ye-vascular. Qwalasela isityalo ngononophelo iimpawu ezifana namagqabi abunile, amabala, okanye ukujika kombala kwiingcambu kunye nesiqu.

2. Unyango nothintelo: Wakuba usichongile isifo, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe amanyathelo okusinyanga nokuthintela kwixesha elizayo. Olunye ukhetho lonyango lubandakanya ukusebenzisa imichiza yokungunda okanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane akhethekileyo kwisifo ekuthethwa ngaso, ukulungisa amanqanaba okufuma, kunye pH del suelo, kunye nokuphucula ukuphuma kwamanzi embizeni. Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba unkcenkceshele isityalo ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ugweme ukunkcenkceshela, njengoko amanzi amaninzi anokukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwezifo zeengcambu.

13. Izifo zamagqabi kunye namabala amagqabi kwiSityalo seMali

Izifo zamagqabi kunye namachokoza amagqabi zinokusichaphazela kakhulu isityalo semali, esikwaziwa njenge Pachira aquatica. Ezi zifo zidla ngokubangelwa ngumngundo kunye neebhaktheriya ezisasazwa nge-spores okanye ukudibana ngqo. Ukugcina impilo yesityalo sakho semali, kubalulekile ukuchonga kunye nokunyanga ezi zifo kwangethuba.

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo zamagqabi kunye namachokoza amagqabi anokuchaphazela isityalo semali. Ezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo yi-anthracnose, i-cercosporiosis kunye ne-septoria. Ezi zifo zikholisa ukuzibonakalisa ngamachokoza amdaka, amnyama okanye angwevu emagqabini, anokwandiswa kwaye akhubaze isityalo ukuba asiphathwanga kakuhle.

Ukusombulula ezi ngxaki, kubalulekile ukulandela ezinye amanyathelo aphambili. Okokuqala, kufuneka uchonge uhlobo lwesifo esichaphazela isityalo sakho semali. Qwalasela amabala, ukumila kwawo kunye nombala wawo, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezifana nokubuna kwamagqabi. Sebenzisa iglasi yokukhulisa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukujonga iinkcukacha. Xa isifo sichongiwe, khangela unyango oluthile kunye nezisombululo zodidi ngalunye. Unokukhetha imichiza yokungunda okanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, ngokulandela imiyalelo yomenzi wokusetyenziswa. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukugcina ulawulo olululo lokunkcenkceshela, ukuphepha ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kunye nokugcina ukukhutshwa kwamanzi okwaneleyo. Usenokukhetha ukuthena amagqabi achaphazelekayo ukuthintela ukwanda kwesi sifo. Khumbula ukugada rhoqo imeko yesityalo sakho ukuze ukhangele naziphi na iimpawu zesifo kwaye wenze ngoko nangoko.

14. Izifo zasemva kokuvuna zomzi-mali kunye nolawulo lwawo olufanelekileyo

Izifo zasemva kokuvuna zesityalo semali zinokumela umngeni kubalimi, nangona kunjalo, ngolawulo olululo zinokuthintelwa kwaye zilawulwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ngezantsi kukho iinkcukacha amanyathelo ekufuneka alandelwe ukusombulula le ngxaki.

1. Ukuchongwa kwezifo: Kubalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukuchonga izifo zasemva kokuvuna kwisityalo semali ngokuchanekileyo. Ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo ngamachokoza amagqabi, ukubola kwengcambu kunye nesiqu, okanye ubukho bokungunda emagqabini. Sakuba sichongiwe eso sifo, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okulawula.

2. Ulawulo lothintelo: Uthintelo lubalulekile ukuthintela ukwanda kwezifo. Ukwenza oku, kucetyiswa ukuba kugcinwe ukucoceka okwaneleyo kwindawo ekhulayo, ukuphelisa isityalo esisele kunye nokuphepha umswakama obuninzi. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukujonga izityalo rhoqo iimpawu zesifo kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okuthintela, afana nokugalela imichiza yokungunda okanye izitshabalalisi.

Ukuqukumbela, izifo zezityalo zemali zizisa inani lemingeni efuna ingqalelo kunye nokhathalelo lwabalimi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinokuthi zibe negalelo ekukhuleni kwezi zifo kwaye uthathe amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukuzithintela nokuzilawula.

Ukuchongwa kwangoko kweempawu kunye nokwamkelwa kweendlela ezilungileyo zokukhula kubalulekile ukunciphisa impembelelo yezifo kwisityalo semali. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kwimeko yezempilo yezityalo, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezichumisi kunye ne-pesticides, yimilinganiselo ebalulekileyo yokukhusela.

Ngaphaya koko, ukuphunyezwa kwamanyathelo olawulo lwebhayoloji kunye nokusetyenziswa konyango lwe-organic kunokuba yenye indlela esebenzayo, ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ezinobundlobongela ezinokonakalisa umzimba. okusingqongileyo y la salud humana.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba, nangona kukho izifo ezahlukeneyo ezinokuchaphazela isityalo semali, ayizizo zonke ezibulalayo okanye ezingenakuguqulwa. Ngolwazi oluchanekileyo kunye nezenzo zokulawula, kunokwenzeka ukugcina impilo kunye namandla ezi zityalo zixabiswa kakhulu.

Isishwankathelo, ukulima okuyimpumelelo kwesityalo semali kufuna indlela ebanzi ebandakanya amanyathelo okuthintela, ukubeka iliso rhoqo, kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiimpawu ezinokuthi zesifo. Ngononophelo olufanelekileyo, esi sityalo esixabiswe kakhulu sinokubonelela ngobuhle kunye nokuchuma ngaphakathi nangaphandle.