Isikhokelo esipheleleyo sokufakela kunye nokusebenzisa iVagrant kwi-Hyper-V ngaphakathi Windows 11

 

Zisuka nje, Cwangcisa imeko-bume ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngocwangco kwiWindows Kubonakala ngathi ngumsebenzi onzima. Ngethamsanqa, sinezixhobo ezifana I-Vagrant kwi-Hyper-V ukwenza ukuba kwenzeke. Kwaye nangona ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunxulumene ngakumbi ne-VirtualBox, ikwahambelana ngokupheleleyo nale teknoloji ye-virtualization esele idityaniswe kwiinguqulelo ezininzi zeWindows.

Nangona kunjalo, ukufaka kunye nokuqwalasela Umphikisi in Hyper-V akukho lula njengoko kubonakala. Nantsi lapho amanyathelo angundoqo kunye nezinto ezikhethekileyo zomboneleli weMicrosoft omele ukwazi. Kweli nqaku, siza kukubonelela ngayo yonke into oyifunayo ukuze uqalise iimeko ezingqongileyo ezilandela le fomula ngaphandle kweengxaki.

Yintoni iVagrant kwaye kutheni usebenzisa iHyper-V?

Umphikisi Yiyo isixhobo esivulekileyo somthombo evumelayo yakha iimeko-bume ezinenyani ezinokuphinda ziveliselwe kwaye eziphathwayo ngokusebenzisa iifayile zoqwalaselo ezilula. Yenzelwe abaphuhlisi, abalawuli benkqubo, okanye nabani na ofuna imeko-bume engaguqukiyo kuzo zonke iikhompyuter, ngenkxaso yeenkqubo ezininzi zokusebenza.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, I-Hyper-V yi-hypervisor yemveli yakwaMicrosoft, ibandakanywe kwiinguqulelo zobuNgcali, zeShishini, nezeMfundo zeWindows 8.1 nasemva koko. Inika ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nozinzo, ngakumbi luncedo xa ezinye ii-hypervisors ezifana ne-VirtualBox ingquzulwano kwiindawo zanamhlanje zeWindows.

Esinye sezizathu eziqhelekileyo zokukhetha I-Hyper-V endaweni yeVirtualBox kukuba ezinye iimveliso, ezinje Idesktop yeDocker okanye i-WSL2 (i-Windows Subsystem ye-Linux), ifuna i-Hyper-V ukuba yenziwe. Oku kudala ukungahambelani neVirtualBox, kwenza iHyper-V ibe sisisombululo esisebenzayo kuphela ukuba asifuni ukwenza zisebenze kwaye zivale iinkonzo.

Ukufakela iVagrant kunye nokwenza i-Hyper-V isebenze

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukusebenzisa iVagrant kwi-Hyper-V, Qinisekisa ukuba ikhomputha yakho ine-Hyper-V evuliwe. Lumka, kuba ayiqhelekanga ukuba yenziwe ngokungagqibekanga. Ungakwenza oku ngesandla ukusuka kwicandelo elithi “Vula iifitsha zeWindows” okanye ngalo myalelo ulandelayo kwiPowerShell (njengomlawuli):

Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Hyper-V-All

Emva kokwenza lo myalelo, ukuqaliswa kwakhona kwekhompyuter kuyafuneka Utshintsho kufuneka luqale ukusebenza.

Ngokuhambelanayo, kufuneka Khuphela kwaye ufake iVagrant kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni. Umfaki ubandakanya yonke into oyifunayo ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa umyalelo vagrant ngqo kuyo nayiphi na i-terminal.

Nje ukuba ifakiwe, ungaqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ichanekile ngokuqhuba oku kulandelayo kwi-terminal:

vagrant --version

Lo myalelo kufuneka ubuyisele uguqulelo olufakiweyo, umzekelo Isigulane 2.4.0.

Inyathelo 1: Lungisa indawo engqongileyo

I-Vagrant isekelwe "kwiibhokisi", eziyimifanekiso esisiseko yeenkqubo zokusebenza ezifakwe ngaphambili. Ezi zikhutshelwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwisalathiso sikawonke-wonke eyaziwa ngokuba yiVagrant Cloud. Ukuqalisa, kufuneka wenze ifolda apho uya kusebenza khona kwiprojekthi yakho. Umzekelo:

mkdir mi_proyecto_vagrant
cd mi_proyecto_vagrant
vagrant init generic/alpine36

Lo myalelo izakuvelisa ifayile ebizwa ngokuba yiVagrantfile kulapho lonke uqwalaselo lomatshini lwenyani luhlala khona. Ngaphakathi kuyo kuya kufuneka uhlengahlengise ezinye iiparamitha eziphambili ukuze usebenzise iHyper-V.

Uqwalaselo loMboneleli weHyper-V

Ngokuzenzekela, I-Vagrant iya kuzama ukusebenzisa i-VirtualBox njengomboneleli. Ukusebenzisa iHyper-V, ungakhankanya oku ixesha ngalinye ngokubaleka:

vagrant up --provider=hyperv

Okanye, seta i-Hyper-V njengomboneleli ongagqibekanga ngokuseta umahluko wemeko-bume:

$env:VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER="hyperv"

Eli nyathelo linokwenziwa kwi-PowerShell okanye ngokuthe ngqo kwiziguquguquko zesixokelelwano sakho.

Ngaphakathi kweVagrantfile, Kucetyiswa ukuba ucacise umnikezeli ngezicwangciso ezithile. Umzekelo osisiseko uya kuba:

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.vm.box = "generic/alpine36"
  config.vm.provider "hyperv" do |h|
    h.vmname = "mi_vm_hyperv"
    h.memory = 2048
    h.cpus = 2
  end
end

Ezi parameters zikuvumela ukuba unikeze RAM, inani cores, kunye negama umatshini uya kuba Hyper-V.

Uthungelwano kunye noqhagamshelwano kwi-Hyper-V

Enye yeengongoma ezibuthathaka ze-Hyper-V kwiVagrant kukuba ayilungiseleli ngokuzenzekelayo inethiwekhi. Ngesi sizathu, kuya kufuneka ukhethe ngesandla i-vSwitch ngoqhagamshelo lwangaphandle olusele lwenziwe kwi-Hyper-V.

Ukudibanisa inethwekhi yabucala okanye ukhethe i-vSwitch ethile, ungasebenzisa:

config.vm.network "private_network", bridge: "NombreDelvSwitch"

Nceda uqaphele oko I-Hyper-V ayikuvumeli ukuba uqwalasele ngokuthe ngqo ii-IP ezingatshintshiyo ezivela kwiVagrant., ngoko ke kufuneka zisetwe kusetyenziswa iincwadi ezishicilelweyo okanye ngokuguqula useto lwenkqubo yokusebenza yeendwendwe.

 

Ukufikelela kumatshini: SSH kunye nezinye izixhobo

Nangona kubonakala ngathi i-SSH ayinakusetyenziswa kwiWindows, I-Vagrant ibandakanya umxhasi we-SSH owakhelwe ngaphakathi, ukuze ukwazi ukufikelela kuyo ngaphandle kokufaka iinkqubo ezongezelelweyo.

Ngena nge:

vagrant ssh

Ungasebenzisa kwakhona i-PuTTY, kodwa ke uya kuyidinga Guqula iqhosha labucala elenziwe yiVagrant kwifomathi yePPK (ngePuTTYgen), njengoko ingaxhaswanga ngokuthe ngqo. Isitshixo siku:

.vagrant/machines/default/hyperv/private_key

Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba uqhagamshele ngesandla nakuwuphi na umxhasi we-SSH owuthandayo.

Ukubonelela ngezikripthi

Olunye uncedo olukhulu lweVagrant yinkxaso yayo Unikezelo oluzenzekelayo, enkosi kwizikripthi. Ungaqalisa izikripthi zeqokobhe zofakelo oluphinda-phindayo:

config.vm.provision "shell", path: "bootstrap.sh"

Ngaphakathi kwifayile bootstrap.sh Ungabandakanya imiyalelo efana nale:

apk update
apk add git

Oku kuya kuqhuba ixesha lokuqala iVM yenziwe. Ukuba ufuna ukuphinda usebenzise umbhalo emva kwexesha, ungenza:

vagrant reload --provision

Ukusebenza ngoomatshini abaninzi

I-Vagrant ikuvumela ukuba ulawule ngaphezulu komatshini omnye kwifayile enye. Oku kuluncedo kwiilabhu okanye amaqela omncedisi. Ukuseta okuqhelekileyo kwelebhu kunokubandakanya iinkcazelo ezininzi:

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.vm.define "master" do |master|
    master.vm.box = "bento/ubuntu-20.04"
    master.vm.hostname = "master"
    master.vm.network :private_network, ip: "10.0.0.10"
  end

  (1..2).each do |i|
    config.vm.define "node#{i}" do |node|
      node.vm.box = "bento/ubuntu-20.04"
      node.vm.hostname = "node#{i}"
      node.vm.network :private_network, ip: "10.0.0.#{i + 10}"
    end
  end

  config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
    apt-get update
    apt-get install -y avahi-daemon libnss-mdns
  SHELL
end

Oku kuvumela oomatshini ukuba bazana ngamagama afana nala node1.local o inkosi.yasekuhlaleni enkosi kusetyenziso lwe-mDNS.

Iingcebiso zokuSebenza kunye nokuhambelana

Ukusebenza kwe-Vagrant kwi-Hyper-V kulungile, kodwa kuxhomekeke ku:

• Amandla eqela lakho lomkhosi (RAM, CPU, uhlobo disk).
• Umfanekiso osisiseko osetyenzisiweyo (kungcono ukusebenzisa iibhokisi ezilungiselelwe).
• Inani loomatshini abasebenzayo ngaxeshanye.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwediski eyahlukileyo kunye nokubonelela okuncinci.

Isiqhelo esiqhelekileyo sokubhalwa kweemeko-bume ezininzi kukwenza i ibhokisi yobuqu esele ibandakanya zonke iindidi zakho: izixhobo, iinkonzo, iindlela, njl. Oku kunqanda ukubuyisela into enye kwimeko nganye.

Ukusebenzisa iVagrant kwi-Hyper-V kwiWindows kuyasebenza ngokupheleleyo, nangona kukho izithintelo ezithile ezinokuthi zisonjululwe ngohlengahlengiso oluncinci. I-Hyper-V ibonelela ngokomelela kunye nokuhambelana nobuchwephesha bangoku beMicrosoft, ngelixa iVagrant iququzelela ukuzenzekelayo kunye nokuphatheka kwendawo yophuhliso.