I-Post-Quantum Cybersecurity: Umngeni weDijithali kwi-Quantum Age

Ukhuseleko lwedijithali lufumana umzuzu obalulekileyo namhlanje. Ukufika kweeparadigms ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kuzisa imingeni emikhulu: i-quantum computing, kunye namandla ayo okusebenza anzima, isongela ukuvuthela imodeli yokukhusela yangoku. ukhuseleko lwe-cyber emva kobungakanani Sisisombululo esiya kufuneka ukuba sibenaso kwixesha elizayo elingekude.

Mhlawumbi kwabaninzi kuvakala ngathi yintsomi yesayensi, kodwa iinkampani, oorhulumente, kunye namaziko ophando kwihlabathi liphela bebelindele ukuvela kwe-quantum computing iminyaka, kwaye oku kuya kuthetha ntoni kubumfihlo bethu bedijithali kunye nokhuseleko. I-post-quantum cryptography ingaba yindlela yokuphila yangomso.Siza kukuxelela ukuba iqulathe ntoni kwaye yintoni imingeni yayo.

Umtsi we-quantum otshintsha imithetho yomdlalo

Umqolo wonke wokhuseleko lwedijithali lwangoku lusekwe kwiingxaki ezinzima kakhulu zemathematika.Umzekelo, ukuthembeka kweenkqubo ezifana noguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo lweRSA okanye iDiffie-Hellman isitshixo sotshintshiselwano luxhomekeke ekungenzekiyo okunokwenzeka kweekhompyuter zeklasiki ukulinganisa amanani amakhulu okanye ukusombulula i-logarithm engacacanga ngamaxesha afanelekileyo. Ke, abahlaseli kuya kufuneka batyale isixa esingenangqondo semithombo yokwaphula ezi ciphers.

Kodwa ngowe-1994, uPeter Shor wabonisa udumo lwakhe i-algorithm ye-quantumLe algorithm ibonise ukuba, ngekhompyuter enamandla ngokwaneleyo, Kuyakwenzeka ukubala amanani kwaye ukwaphule ufihlo lwangoku kwisithuba seeyure okanye imizuzu.. Isizathu? Iikhompyuter ze-quantum aziyilandeli imithetho efanayo neekhompyuter eziqhelekileyo: ngenxa yeziganeko ezinje nge-superposition kunye nokubanjiswa, zinokuhlasela ezi ngxaki ngeendlela ezintsha kwaye zikhawuleza kakhulu.

Kwaye azikho inkqubela phambili efana ne I-algorithm kaGrover, ekhawulezisa uhlaselo kwiinkqubo eziphambili ze-symmetric ezifana I-AESImpembelelo apha ayibalulekanga kangako, kodwa sele ifuna ukuphinda kabini ubungakanani obungundoqo ukugcina ukhuseleko olulinganayo kumxholo we-quantum.

Imibutho yomgangatho, ukusuka kwi I-NIST yaseMelika kumaziko aseYurophu, isandi esilumkisayo: Kufuneka silungiselele NGOKU kwihlabathi apho i-quantum computing iyinyani yorhwebo..

Yintoni kanye kanye i-post-quantum cybersecurity?

La i-cryptography okanye i-post-quantum cybersecurity (okanye i-PQC) ibandakanya iiseti zeendlela kunye ne-algorithms eyenzelwe ukuxhathisa uhlaselo kungekuphela nje kwiikhompyuter zakudala, kodwa nakwikhompyuter yexesha elizayo. Injongo yayo kukuQinisekisa ubumfihlo kunye nokunyaniseka kolwazi, nokuba i-quantum computing iyasebenza kwaye iyafikeleleka..

Kufuphi: Izikim ze-PQC zithembele kwiingxaki zemathematika ezithi, ngokolwazi lwangoku, ziya kuhlala zinzima nakwiimatshini ze-quantum.Akunjalo nje malunga nokunyusa ubungakanani obuphambili okanye ukwenza "ngaphezulu okufanayo"; sithetha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kakhulu apha.

Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke iinkqubo eziphuhliswe namhlanje, ukusuka kuthungelwano lweebhanki ukuya kunxibelelwano lomntu, kuya kufuneka zifuduke kwaye Hlanganisa i-algorithms yotshintshiselwano olungundoqo, uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo, kunye ne-post-quantum signatures yedijithaliIthekhnoloji kunye namalungiselelo omtsi kwimilinganiselo emikhulu.

Iintlobo kunye neentsapho ze-post-quantum algorithms

Enye yezona zinto zinomdla kunye nezintsonkothileyo ze-post-quantum cybersecurity ziindidi zealgorithms kunye neziseko zazo zethiyori:

• I-Lattice-based cryptography: Isebenzisa ubunzima bokufumana iivektha ezimfutshane kwizakhiwo zemathematika ezinamacala amaninzi. Algorithms ezifana Iikristale-Kyber y Iikristale-Dilithium zisekelwe kolu cwangciso.
• Ikhowudi-based cryptography: Isekwe kubunzima bokucacisa iikhowudi zomgca.
• Isogeny-based cryptography: Ukhuseleko lwayo luvela ekufumaneni iimephu phakathi kwe-elliptic curves.
• I-Cryptography esekwe kwii-equations ezininzi: Usebenzisa iinkqubo zeequation zepolynomial ezineenguqu ezininzi.
• Hash umsebenzi-based cryptography: Isekelwe kwindlela enye ye-SHA-3 imisebenzi kunye nezakhiwo zomthi we-Merkle.

Zonke ezi ntsapho zikhangela ukuba ukwaphula uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo akunakwenzeka nangoncedo lwekhompyuter yequantum.

Umceli mngeni wokufuduka yonke isiseko sedijithali

Ukufudukela kwi-post-quantum cybersecurity Ayilotshintsho olulula lwesoftware, kwaye ayisonjululwa ngobusuku.Ibandakanya ukuhlaziya iiprothokholi, izixhobo, kunye neenkqubo ezipheleleyo zokufezekisa ukusebenzisana kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Phakathi kweyona miqobo ifanelekileyo yobugcisa neyombutho sifumana:

• Ubungakanani obukhulu bezitshixo kunye neesignesha: Oku kunokukhokelela ekugcinweni kunye neebhotile zesantya, ngakumbi kwizixhobo ezinobuncwane.
• Ixesha elide lekhompyuterEzinye ii-algorithms ze-post-quantum zifuna amandla amaninzi, anokuthintela iinkqubo ezifuna iimpendulo zexesha langempela.
• I "Gcina ngoku, Decrypt Kamva (SNDL)" isoyikisoAbaphuli-mthetho be-Cyber ​​banokuqokelela ulwazi olufihliweyo namhlanje kwaye bazame ukulifihla kwiminyaka embalwa ukususela ngoku, xa benamandla okwenza i-quantum computing.
• Ukudityaniswa kweenkqubo ezikhoyo: Ukulungelelanisa iiprothokholi ezinjenge-TLS, SSH, okanye iiVPN kufuna uvavanyo olubanzi kunye nohlaziyo oluninzi lwehardware kunye nesoftware.

Ngokungathi oko akwanelanga, ukufuduka kufuna ukujongana nemiba ye ulawulo, ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo kunye nokubamba kwesebeE-United States, umzekelo, amaqumrhu oluntu sele efunwa ukuba aqhube uluhlu oluneenkcukacha lwazo zonke iinkqubo zabo ze-cryptographic ukubeka phambili inguqu, umlinganiselo oye uhambelane ngakumbi kwihlabathi.

Umdyarho waMazwe ngaMazwe: i-Geopolitics kunye nekamva loKhuseleko lwe-Cybersecurity

I-Quantum computing kunye ne-post-quantum cryptography sele ziyinxalenye ye-geopolitical agenda yehlabathi.I-United States ikhokela inkqubo yokulinganisa kunye nokufuduka kumanqanaba amaziko kunye neenkampani, ngelixa i-China ityala imali eninzi kwiiteknoloji ze-quantum kwaye ifumana isantya sayo sokulinganisa.

I-European Union, inxalenye yayo, iseke iindlela ezicacileyo kunye nentsebenziswano enqumla imida, njengokukhuthaza I-Quantum Flagship kunye neeprojekthi zesizwe malunga nokusasazwa kwe-quantum key kunye ne-post-quantum cryptography.

Olu gqatso lwe-post-quantum cybersecurity alugcini nje ngokubamba amazwe ngokuchaseneyo, kodwa lubandakanya iinkampani ezinkulu zetekhnoloji, iilebhu, kunye neziqalo, ezixhaswa yimali karhulumente neyabucala. Isizwe okanye inkampani ekhokela olu tshintsho iya kuba nenzuzo enkulu yokhuphiswano malunga nokhuseleko lwesizwe, uqoqosho lwedijithali kunye nobunkokeli besayensi..

Indlela imibutho enokulungiselela ngayo ixesha le-quantum

Ukufudukela kwi-quantum-resistant digital security kufuna isicwangciso, utyalo-mali, kunye nokukhawuleza. Ngawaphi amanyathelo angundoqo ukuze ungasileli ngasemva?

• Chonga kwaye wenze ikhathalogu zonke iinkqubo ezisebenzisa ufihlo lwesitshixo sikawonke-wonkeKuphela kukwazi ukuba yintoni ekufuneka ihlaziywe unokuyibeka phambili ngokuchanekileyo.
• Yamkela imigangatho emitsha ye-cryptography ye-post-quantum ecetyiswa yi-NIST kunye neminye imibuthoKubalulekile ukucwangcisa kwangaphambili, njengoko ifestile yotshintsho inokuba mfutshane kunoko bekulindelekile ukuba kuvela uphuhliso olungalindelekanga.
• Phumeza isicwangciso sofihlo esicandiweyo kunye nolwaleko, ukugcwalisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-cryptographic kunye nokwenza uhlaselo lube nzima ngakumbi.
• Ukuphucula iziseko zophuhliso kwaye uqinisekise ukuba iinkqubo zinokuphuculwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza okanye ukusebenza.
• Yenza isitshixo kunye nolawulo lwesatifikethi kunye nokujikeleza ukunciphisa ixesha lokuvezwa kubuthathaka obunokwenzeka.
• Khusela itekhnoloji evelayo embuthweni, njenge-bots okanye iiarhente zobuntlola ezenziweyo, ukusebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko engqongqo kunye nokubeka iliso okuqhubekayo.

Umceli mngeni wokwenyani awukho kuphela kwitekhnoloji, kodwa kwi ukukwazi kwemibutho ukuziqhelanisa nokugcina ulawulo, ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, kunye noqeqesho lwamaqela abo ekuphakameni kwezoyikiso ezintsha.

Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kuyaqhubeka nokukhawulezisa: iitshiphusi zequantum kunye nokuphumelela okutsha

I-quantum computing landscape iyaqhubeka nokuvela ngesantya esidizzy. Jonga nje izibhengezo zamva nje, ezinjengokusungulwa kweprosesa yekhompyuter ye-quantum. I-Majorana 1 nguMicrosoft, okanye iWillow kaGoogle, zombini zinobuchule bokulinga kodwa ngokusondela ngakumbi kusetyenziso olusebenzayo.

Ukuba nokwenzeka kokulinganisa iikhomputha ezisebenzayo ayiseyiyo intelekelelo nje, kwaye zombini iinkampani zetekhnoloji kunye nolawulo loluntu kufuneka zikhawulezise isantya sazo ukunqanda ukushiywa ngasemva.

Ngokunxuseneyo, iTshayina kunye neManyano yaseYurophu nayo yonyusile uphuhliso lwazo lweetshiphusi kunye nothungelwano olungundoqo lokusasazwa kwe-quantum, ebonisa ukuba ukhuphiswano alukhawulelwanga kwiSilicon Valley.

Ikamva le-post-quantum cybersecurity livuleleke ngakumbi kwaye licela umngeni kunangaphambili.I-Quantum computing iza kuzisa inkqubela phambili ephazamisayo kumacandelo amaninzi, kodwa ikwasinyanzela ukuba sicinge ngokutsha ngendlela esilukhusela ngayo ulwazi kunye nokuqinisekisa ubumfihlo bedijithali. Utyalo-mali, ukuhlaziya, kunye nokuhlala uphambi kwegophe akucetyiswa nje: kubalulekile ukunqanda ukushiywa ngasemva kuhlaziyo olukhulu olulandelayo lwetekhnoloji.