- I-Global Building Atlas idibanisa i-2,75 yeebhiliyoni zeemodeli ze-3D zezakhiwo ezivela kwihlabathi lonke.
- Idatha ivulekile kwaye yenza isiseko esibalulekileyo sophando lwemozulu kunye nocwangciso lwedolophu.
- Isisombululo seemitha ezi-3x3 siphucula ukuchaneka ngamaxesha angama-30 xa kuthelekiswa nogcino-lwazi oluthelekisayo.
- I-97% yezakhiwo zibonelelwa ngeemodeli ze-3D LoD1, eziluncedo kuhlalutyo lwasezidolophini nakwiziseko ezingundoqo.
El IAtlasi yoKwakha yeHlabathi Iye yaba yenye yeeprojekthi eziphambili zamazwe ngamazwe zokuqonda indlela iplanethi eyakhiwe ngayo. Sisigqibo esiphakamileyo, imephu enamacala amathathu eqokelela ulwazi malunga nebhiliyoni yezakhiwo phantse kuzo zonke iimbombo zehlabathi, ivelisa umfanekiso ochanekileyo womfanekiso wedolophu kunye neendawo zasemaphandleni.
Le atlasi yehlabathi, iphuhliswe liqela lophando elivela kwi IYunivesithi yobuGcisa yaseMunich (TUM)Isekelwe kwidatha evulekileyo kwaye yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa zizazinzulu, ulawulo loluntu, kunye nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe. Injongo yayo kukubonelela ngesiseko esiluqilima uphando lwemozulu, ucwangciso lweziseko ezingundoqo kunye novavanyo lwenkqubela-phambili ebhekiselele kwiiNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo ze-UN.
Iatlasi ye-3D ebonisa zonke izakhiwo ezikwiplanethi
Iprojekthi yeGlobal Building Atlas iqala ngombuzo obonakala ulula kodwa unzima ukuwuphendula: Zingaphi izakhiwo ezikhoyo emhlabeni kwaye zikhangeleka njani kwi-3D? Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, iqela elikhokelwa nguNjingalwazi uXiaoxiang Zhu, uSihlalo weSayensi yeDatha kwi-Earth Observation kwi-TUM, uye wavelisa imephu yokuqala ene-high-resolution-three-dimensional map egubungela phantse yonke indawo yokwakha yehlabathi.
Isiphumo siseti yedatha ezisa kunye 2,75 yeebhiliyoni zeemodeli zokwakhaethathwe kwimifanekiso yesathelayithi ukusuka kwi-2019. Nganye yale mizekelo ibamba ubume obusisiseko kunye nokuphakama kwezakhiwo, ukuvumela ukuhlalutya umthamo owakhiwe kunye nendlela izakhiwo ezisasazwa ngayo kwiindawo zasedolophini nasezilalini.
Lo mqulu wolwazi wenza i-Global Building Atlas i eyona ngqokelela ibanzi kudidi lwayoUkunika umbono wobungakanani bokutsiba, esona siseko sikhulu sedatha yehlabathi sikhoyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku sibandakanya malunga ne-1,7 yebhiliyoni yezakhiwo, oko kukuthi, ibhiliyoni enye ngaphantsi kwe-atlas entsha ephuhliswe liqela laseMunich.
Ukhuseleko aluphelelanga kwizixeko ezikhulu okanye kumazwe afakwe ekhompyutheni. Enye yeembalasane zeprojekthi kukubandakanywa kwayo okucacileyo imimandla ebekade ishiywe ngaphandle kwiimephu zehlabathi, njengemimandla emikhulu yaseAfrika, eMzantsi Melika kunye nemimandla yasemaphandleni esasazekileyo engafane ibonakale kwiimveliso eziqhelekileyo ze-cartographic.
Izisombululo ezichanekileyo eziphezulu kwiimodeli zasedolophini kunye nemozulu
Ngaphaya komthamo wezakhiwo, i IAtlasi yoKwakha yeHlabathi ivelele kwi isisombululo sendawo yedatha yakhoIimodeli zenziwe ngobungakanani beeseli ze-3 × 3 yeemitha, ezimele ukuphuculwa kwamaxesha angamashumi amathathu xa kuthelekiswa nolunye ugcino lweenkcukacha zehlabathi. Eli nqanaba leenkcukacha livumela ukuqonda okucacileyo kwimilo yonke yesakhiwo ngasinye kunye nokuphakama kwayo.
Ngombulelo kwesi sigqibo, kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa i-atlas kwi iimodeli eziphambili zokufudukela ezidolophini kunye nokusetyenziswa komhlabaAbaphandi abakhethekileyo kwizifundo zasezidolophini, abayili bezakhiwo, kunye namagosa omgaqo-nkqubo woluntu banokusebenzisa ulwazi ukuqikelela ukuxinana kwezakhiwo, ukuchonga iipatheni zokwandisa idolophu, okanye ukuhlalutya ubudlelwane phakathi kokuphakama kwesakhiwo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Ukuchaneka okongeziweyo kwenza umahluko kwiindawo ezifana ulawulo lwentlekeleUkuba nembono eneenkcukacha ezintathu-ntathu zezakhiwo kwenza kube lula ukulinganisa impembelelo enokubakho yezikhukhula, iinyikima, izaqhwithi, okanye ukudilika komhlaba, ukunceda ukubeka phambili ungenelelo kunye nokuyila izicwangciso zokufuduka ezihambelana ngokusondeleyo nobunyani bomhlaba.
Kwimeko yaseYurophu kunye neSpanish, olu hlobo lwedatha lungasetyenziselwa ukucokisa izicwangciso ukuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kwemozuluUmzekelo, ngokuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi ukuba zeziphi iindawo ezihlala zisesichengeni samaza obushushu, ukunyuka komphakamo wolwandle okunokubakho, okanye izehlo zemvula ezigqithisileyo. Ukuba nomboniso we-3D wezakhiwo kwenza kube lula ukuwela ulwazi olubhekiselele kunye nabemi, umvuzo, okanye izikhombisi zobudala ukuchonga iindawo ezinobuzaza.
Iimodeli ze-LoD1: zilula, kodwa zilungele uhlalutyo olukhulu
Enye yeentsika zobugcisa be-Global Building Atlas kukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweemodeli ze-3D kwi inqanaba leenkcukacha 1 (LoD1)Lo mgangatho uchaza izakhiwo ezisebenzisa imithamo elula ebamba ijometri yazo esisiseko kunye nobude, ngaphandle kokungena kwiinkcukacha ezintle ezinje ngophahla oluntsonkothileyo, iibhalkhoni, okanye i-facade textures.
Ngokweqela leTUM, ngeenxa zonke I-97% yezakhiwo (2,68 billion) Idatha efakwe kwi-atlas inikezelwa ngefomathi ye-LoD1. Oku kuvumela ukuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo kwedatha kwimilinganiselo emikhulu kunye nohlalutyo, oluyimfuneko xa usebenza ngedatha yehlabathi ngokwenene.
Ukhetho lwe-LoD1 luphendula kwibhalansi phakathi iinkcukacha kunye nolawulo lokubalaNangona amanqanaba aphezulu eenkcukacha ekhona, atyebileyo ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga yejometri, iindleko zabo zokuvelisa kunye nokugcinwa kwazo zithintele ukugubungela umhlaba. Indlela ethathiweyo ichanekile ngokwaneleyo kwizicelo ezifana nokubalwa komthamo, uqikelelo lwamandla okuhlala, okanye isicwangciso seziseko ezingundoqo zothutho kunye nezinto eziluncedo.
Kwiidolophu zaseYurophu naseSpeyin, olu hlobo lwemodeli lunokudibaniswa nedatha ye-cadastral, izibalo zentlalo zentlalo, okanye ulwazi lwemozulu yendawo. Oku kuvula umnyango wezifundo ezisulungekisiweyo ngakumbi kwi... ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwiindawo ezisekiweyoukucwangciswa kwemimandla yolwandiso lwasezidolophini okanye uvavanyo lwefuthe leziseko ezingundoqo ezitsha kubume bedolophu.
Vula idatha kwinkonzo yeeNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo
Uphawu oluphambili lwe-Global Building Atlas lugxininise kuyo vula ukufikelela kwidathaIqela elivela kwiYunivesithi yezobuGcisa yaseMunich lenze isethi yeemodeli ze-3D ezifumanekayo kuluntu lwezenzululwazi kunye namaziko oluntu njengesiseko esisebenzayo esinokutya imizila emininzi yophando kunye neeprojekthi zokucwangcisa.
Le filosofi ihambelana ngqo neemfuno zemibutho efana neZizwe eziManyeneyo, efuna ulwazi oluthembekileyo noluthelekisekayo phakathi kwamazwe ukulandelela inkqubela-phambili ebhekiselele kwiiNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo (SDGs). Phakathi kweminye imiba, iatlasi ilungiselela ukulinganisa ukunaba kwedolophu, ukuxinana kweendawo zokuhlala, kunye nokuba kufutshane kwabemi kwiinkonzo ezisisiseko.
EYurophu, ukufumaneka kwemephu yokwakha yehlabathi kungancedisa iinkqubo ezifana neCopernicus okanye amanyathelo okuqwalasela umhlaba kazwelonke, afana Iimephu zikaGoogle ezineGeminiNgokudibanisa iileyile ze-3D ze-Global Building Atlas kunye nedatha kumgangatho womoya, ukuhamba, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, izixhobo ezibanzi ngakumbi zifunyenwe ukulandelela inguqu ukuya. izixeko ezizinzileyo, ezibandakanyayo nezizinzileyo.
Kwimeko yeSpanish, ulawulo lwengingqi kunye nolwasekhaya lunokuthatha ithuba lolu hlobo lwezibonelelo ukuze ukuhlaziya uxilongo lwendawo kunye nokuyila imigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu esekwe kubungqina. Umzekelo, xa kucwangciswa uthungelwano lwezithuthi zikawonke-wonke, iindawo ezikhutshwa kancinci, okanye izicwangciso zokuvuselela izindlu, ukuba ne-three-dimensional layer of the building stock is luncedo kakhulu.
Izicelo kucwangciso lwedolophu, iziseko ezingundoqo kunye nolawulo lomngcipheko
Uluhlu lokusetyenziswa kwe-Global Building Atlas lubanzi kwaye lubandakanya yonke into esuka kwi uphando kwezemfundo nkqu nolawulo lwemihla ngemihla lwezixeko. Kwinkalo yokucwangciswa kwedolophu, iimodeli ze-3D zivumela ukujonga ngokukhawuleza kwe-morphology yendawo yonke, ukuchongwa kweendawo ezinobuninzi bezakhiwo, kunye nokufunyanwa kweendawo zokugcina umhlaba ezifumanekayo kuphuhliso olutsha.
Ulwazi malunga nomthamo kunye nokuphakama kwezakhiwo nazo zibalulekile isicwangciso seziseko ezingundoqoUthutho, ukuhanjiswa kombane, amanzi kunye nogutyulo lwelindle okanye uthungelwano lwezonxibelelwano lunokuba nobungakanani obuchaneke ngakumbi ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwezakhiwo kunye nabantu abanokubakho abanokugxininiswa kwindawo nganye baziwa ngokweenkcukacha.
Ngokubhekiselele kulawulo lomngcipheko, ukubonakaliswa kwe-dimensional-dimensional yesitokhwe sesakhiwo sisebenza njengenkxaso linganisa iimeko zonxunguphaloImifuziselo yezandyondyo, uhlahlelo lomoya ogqithileyo, okanye izifundo zomngcipheko wenyikima zizuza kwinyani xa zibandakanya ubume kunye nokuphakama kwezakhiwo, ngakumbi kwindawo exineneyo yasezidolophini apho ulungiselelo lwezakhiwo lubeka imeko yokusasazeka komonakalo.
Abaphandi baseYurophu kunye nabachwephesha banokudibanisa i-Global Building Atlas kunye nezinye ii-database zengingqi ukuze kulungiswe uvavanyo lwabo. Kwimeko yezixeko zaseSpain ezivezwe kwiziganeko zemvula, umzekelo, ukudibanisa imodeli yesakhiwo se-3D kwi-hydrological simulations kunceda ukuchonga iingxaki kwiinkcukacha ezinkulu. iindawo ezibalulekileyo zokuqokelelwa kwamanzi okanye imiqobo enokwenzeka kwimijelo yendalo.
Konke oku kwenza iatlasi ibe sisixhobo esiguquguqukayo, esinokuthi, ngaphandle kokubotshelelwa kwicandelo elinye lokufunda, sibonelela umaleko wolwazi lolwakhiwo inamandla kakhulu ekunokwakhelwa kuwo uhlalutyo lwamacandelo ahlukeneyo.
Ngokudityaniswa komgangatho wehlabathi, isisombululo esiphezulu, kunye neNqanaba loPhuhliso (LoD1) elungiselelwe uhlalutyo olukhulu, i-Global Building Atlas izibeka njenge iqhekeza eliphakathi Kwabo badinga ukuqonda ukuba izakhiwo zisasazwa njani kwaye zivela njani kwiplanethi yonke, ubume bayo bedatha evulekileyo, ugxininiso lwayo kwimimandla engamelwanga ngokwesiko, kunye namandla ayo okuphucula zombini uphando lwemozulu kunye nolawulo lwedolophu iyenza ibe sisixhobo esifanelekileyo seYurophu neSpain, apho ukucwangciswa komhlaba kunye nokulungelelaniswa nokutshintsha kwemozulu kuye kufuneke izigqibo ezisekelwe kubungqina obuqinileyo.
Ndingumntu othanda itekhnoloji ojike umdla wakhe we "geek" waba ngumsebenzi. Ndichithe ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 yobomi bam ndisebenzisa itekhnoloji yokusika kwaye ndikhenkceza ngazo zonke iintlobo zeenkqubo ngenxa yokufuna ukwazi okumsulwa. Ngoku ndiqeqeshelwe ubugcisa bekhompyutha nakwimidlalo yevidiyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-5 ndibhalela iiwebhusayithi ezahlukeneyo kwitekhnoloji kunye nemidlalo yevidiyo, ndisenza amanqaku afuna ukukunika ulwazi oludingayo ngolwimi oluqondakalayo kuye wonke umntu.
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo, ulwazi lwam lusuka kuyo yonke into enxulumene nenkqubo yokusebenza yeWindows kunye ne-Android yeefowuni eziphathwayo. Kwaye ukuzinikela kwam kukuwe, ndihlala ndikulungele ukuchitha imizuzu embalwa kwaye ndikuncede usombulule nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba nayo kweli lizwe le-intanethi.