Ibhalwa njani Hay: Isikhokelo soBugcisa sokuSetyenziswa okuLungileyo
Ulwimi lwesiSpanish lunokuba nzima, ngakumbi xa kuziwa kumagama kunye namabinzana athile. Elinye lala magama adla ngokubangela ukubhideka lelithi “hay.” Nangona lisenokubonakala lilula, ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwegama elithi “hay” akusoloko kubonakala kwabo bafunda iSpanish. Kule nqaku, siya kunika isikhokelo sobugcisa ukuze siqonde kwaye sisebenzise ngokuchanekileyo eli gama, ukuze ugweme iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nokuphucula ubuchule bakho kulwimi.
Ukuqonda intsingiselo esisiseko yelithi "kukho"
Xa uqala uhlalutyo lokusetyenziswa kwe»hay», kubalulekile ukuqonda intsingiselo yayo esisiseko. Igama elithi "kukho" luhlobo lwesenzi "ba" kumntu wesithathu kwisinye kwaye lisetyenziswa ngokukodwa ukubonisa ubukho bento okanye umntu othile kwindawo ethile. Ihlala iguqulelwa kwisiNgesi ngokuthi "kukho" okanye "kukho are." Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo nesiNgesi, ngesiSpanish “hay” ayinayo isininzi kwaye ayidityaniswanga ngokwesini.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-»kukho» kwiingxelo
Xa sifuna ukungqina ukuba into ethile okanye umntu ukho kwindawo ethile, sisebenzisa “ukho” elandelwa sisibizo kwisinye okanye kwisininzi. Umzekelo, "Kukho incwadi etafileni" okanye "Kukho iikati ezimbini egadini." Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba "kukho" ihlala ihleli kumntu wesithathu kwisinye, nokuba isibizo esibhekisa kuso sisininzi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-»kukho» kwimibuzo kunye nokukhanyela
Ukwenza imibuzo kunye nokukhanyela usebenzisa "kukho," kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuthi "zikho" kunye nokugocagoca ngokufanelekileyo okanye ukuphika amagama. Umzekelo, umbuzo unokubuza "Ngaba kukho umntu osekhaya?" okanye "Ngaba kukho ukutya efrijini?" Kwizichaso, sisebenzisa "akukho", njengoko "akukho ngxaki" okanye "Akukho xesha laneleyo".
Ukuqukumbela, ukusetyenziswa okuchanekileyo kwe "kukho" kunokubonakala kulula, kodwa ngokwenene kukho iinkcukacha zobuchwepheshe ekufuneka sizithathele ingqalelo. Ngokuqonda intsingiselo yayo esisiseko kunye nokwazi ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiziqinisekiso, imibuzo kunye nokukhanyela, sinokukuphepha ukudideka kunye nokuphucula amandla ethu okunxibelelana ngesiSpanish Khumbula ukuba sihlala sinikela ingqalelo kwizibizo ezihamba kunye ne "hay" kwaye usebenzise iifom ezifanelekileyo ngokutsho umxholo.
1. Intshayelelo ku «Indlela Ebhalwe Ngayo Kukho»
Kweli candelo, siya kuzisa kwaye sihlalutye ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi "hay" ngolwimi lwesiSpanish. "Kukho" isenzi esetyenzisiweyo ukuvakalisa ubukho okanye ubukho bento okanye umntu othile kwindawo okanye ixesha elithile. Ukufunda ukusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo esi senzi kubalulekile ukuze ukwazi ukunxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo ngesiSpanish.
Enye yeempawu ezinomdla kakhulu ze "hay" kukuba sisenzi esingenabuntu, oko kuthetha ukuba Ayinasihloko sicacileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba Isetyenziswa kungakhathaliseki isini okanye inani labantu okanye izinto ezikhoyo okanye ezikhoyo. Umzekelo, unokuthi "kukho incwadi etafileni" okanye "kukho iincwadi ezininzi etafileni," kuxhomekeke kwinani leencwadi ezikhoyo, kodwa uhlala usebenzisa isenzi "zikho".
Ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi "kukho" kunokwandiswa ukubonisa ubungakanani bento ethile. Umzekelo, unokuthi "kukho umoya omninzi namhlanje" ukubonisa ukuba kukho isixa esikhulu somoya ngaloo mini. Kule meko, «ininzi» isebenza njenge isichazi eguqula isibizo esithi «umoya», ebonisa ukuba umoya uphezulu. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba nge-Spanish, imvumelwano yesini kunye nenani yenziwe kunye nesibizo that ilandela "hay", hayi ngesenzi ngokwaso.
2. Imithetho yegrama yokusetyenziswa “kukho” ngokuchanekileyo
Igama elithi "hay" luhlobo lwesenzi esithi haber kumntu wesithathu ngoku. Isetyenziselwa ukubonisa ubukho okanye ubukho bento ethile. Nantsi eminye imigaqo yegrama eya kukunceda usebenzise "kukho" ngokuchanekileyo:
1. Isinye okanye isininzi isihloko:
Xa umbandela ukwisinye, kusetyenziswa igama elithi “kukho”. Umzekelo, Nantsi lapho incwadi phezu kwetafile. Nangona kunjalo, xa umxholo usesininzi, kusetyenziswe igama elithi "hay". Umzekelo, Nantsi lapho iincwadi kwi-shelf Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela inani lesifundo ukuze uvumelane ngokuchanekileyo nefom efanelekileyo "kukho."
2. Ayisetyenziswa nezimelabizo zobuqu:
Hayi "ukhona" usetyenziswa kwizimelabizo zomntu ezinjena, mna, wena, yena, yena, thina, njl. Endaweni yoko, kusetyenziswe uhlobo oluhambelanayo lwesenzi esithi haber. Umzekelo, endaweni yokuthi "Nantsi lapho "Mna", kufuneka kuthiwe "he mna okanye"Nantsi lapho umntu". Khumbula ukuba “kukho” kusetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kuphela kubukho okanye ubukho bento ethile, ingekuko ukubonisa izenzo ezenziwe ngabantu abathile.
3. Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kuka "zikho":
Ezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwe "zikho" ziquka ukuvakalisa ubukho bezinto, iindawo, abantu, okanye iziganeko. Umzekelo, Nantsi lapho itheko epakini, Nantsi lapho indlu ebumelwaneni. Ikwasetyenziswa ukubonisa ubukho bemiyinge okanye amanani. Umzekelo, Nantsi lapho iintaka ezilishumi emthini; Nantsi lapho iincwadi ezininzi kwithala leencwadi. Khumbula ukusebenzisa “kukho” ngokufanelekileyo ngokomxholo kunye nokuvumelana kwegrama.
3. Ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi “kukho” kwizivakalisi ezivumayo nezilandulayo
NgeSpanish, the igama elithi “hay” lisetyenziswa ukuchaza ubukho okanye ubukho bento. Nangona iligama elilula, ukusetyenziswa kwalo kunokubangela ukubhideka, ngakumbi kwizivakalisi ezivumayo nezichasayo. Kule post, siza kuchaza indlela yokubhala "kukho" kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
Kwizivakalisi ezivumayo, i ifomu echanekileyo ukubhala »kukho» kukho ngaphandle kohlobo. Umzekelo: Nantsi lapho iincwadi ezininzi kwithala leencwadi. Nantsi lapho abantu abalinde emgceni. Kuzo zombini iimeko, "kukho" kusetyenziswa ukubonisa ubukho beencwadi kunye nabantu ngokulandelelanayo.
Kwelinye icala, kwizivakalisi ezilandulayo, indlela echanekileyo yokubhala “kukho” yile kunye ne-tilde. Umzekelo: Hayi Nantsi lapho akhongxaki. Hayi Nantsi lapho ukutya okwaneleyo. Apha, elithi “apho” lisetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukungabikho okanye ukungabikho kwento ethile.
4. Intetho yezaci ezino “kukho”
Nantsi lapho Ligama elixhaphake kakhulu kulwimi lwesiSpanish, kodwa alisetyenziswa kuphela ukuchaza ubukho bento ethile. Ikwasetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zentetho yezaci ezinokuba luncedo ekutyebiseni isigama sakho nokuphucula ukuqonda kwakho ulwimi. Kweli candelo, siza kuphonononga amanye ala mabinzana kunye nendlela asetyenziswa ngayo kwiimeko zemihla ngemihla.
1. Kukho into engapheliyo: Eli binzana lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza uxanduva okanye imfuneko yokwenza okuthile, umzekelo, "Kufuneka ufundele iimviwo" kuthetha ukuba kuyimfuneko ukufundela uviwo. Enye indlela eqhelekileyo yale ntetho ithi “kufuneka + ingabinasiphelo«, esetyenziswa ngendlela efanayo. Umzekelo, "kufuneka ndithumele i-imeyile namhlanje" kuthetha ukuba i-imeyile iyafuneka ukuba ithunyelwe namhlanje.
2. Wamkelekile: Eli binzana lisetyenziswa xa kuphendulwa umbulelo. Lithetha ukuba akukho nto unokubulela okanye bekungeyongxaki ukunceda umntu. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu uyabulela ngokumnceda, ungaphendula "ayinamsebenzi lonto«. Yintetho enembeko nendilisekileyo ebonisa ububele nokukulungela kwakho ukunceda abanye.
3. Akukho bubi ukuba kungangeni kulunga; Eli binzana lisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa umyalezo wethemba. Kuthetha ukuba kwimeko embi okanye enzima, into entle inokuvela. Umzekelo, ukuba kwenzeka into embi kuwe, ungazikhumbuza ukuba »abukho ububi obungayi kulungileyo;«, okuthetha ukuthi into elungileyo inokuza kusuka kula mava angalunganga.
Ezi zezinye nje ze onokuzisebenzisa incoko zakho zemihla ngemihla ngesiSpanish. Khumbula ukuba kubalulekile ukuziqhelanisa ezi ntetho kwaye uqhelane nokusetyenziswa kwazo kwiimeko ezithile. Ungalibazisi ukuzisebenzisa ukuze utyebise isigama sakho kwaye uphucule ubuchule bakho kwiSpanish!
5. Umahluko phakathi kwe»kukho» kunye "kunye"
Kwizihlandlo ezininzi, igama elithi “phaya” nelithi “phaya” liyabhidaniswa. Nangona zivakala zifana, zineentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo. Kubalulekile ukwazi lo mahluko ukuwusebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo ekubhaleni.
Ilizwi Nantsi lapho Isuka kwisenzi esithi "ba" kwaye isetyenziswa ukubonisa ubukho bento okanye umntu kwindawo emiselweyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa sisithi “kukho itafile egumbini,” sibonisa ukuba kukho itafile kuloo ndawo ikhethekileyo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba "kukho" lihlala lisetyenziswa kumntu wesithathu kwisinye, kungakhathaliseki ukuba isihloko sininzi okanye sisinye.
Kwelinye icala, igama Pha isetyenziselwa ukubonisa indawo okanye indawo esithubeni. Iyasinceda sikhombe into ekufutshane kodwa hayi kangangoko sinako ukufikelela kuyo. Ukuba sithi “incwadi ikhona,” sibonisa ukuba incwadi ifumaneka kwindawo ekufutshane kodwa ingeyiyo ezandleni zethu.
6. Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo xa ubhala "kukho" kunye nendlela yokuphepha
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo xa ubhala "kukho" kunye nendlela yokuphepha
Kulwimi lwesiSpanish, isenzi esithi "kukho" sesinye sezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Nangona iligama elilula, iimpazamo zidla ngokwenziwa xa ulibhala. Apha ngezantsi kukho ezinye zeempazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuphepha ukuzenza.
1. Ukubhideka ngo »apho» kunye "apho": Enye yeempazamo ezona zixhaphakileyo kukubhidanisa amagama athi "apho" kunye "apho". "Kukho" yimo edityanisiweyo yesenzi esithi haber kumntu wesithathu kwisinye, ngelixa elithi "phaya" libhekisa kwindawo ethile okanye kwindawo ethile. Ukuze ugweme le mpazamo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo umxholo wesivakalisi kwaye ukhumbule ukuba "kukho" kusetyenziselwa ukubonisa ubukho okanye ubukho bento ethile, ngelixa elithi "phaya" lisetyenziselwa ukubonisa indawo okanye indawo.
2. Ukulibala i-accent: Enye impazamo eqhelekileyo kukulibala ukubeka i-accent kwigama elithi "hay". Isivakalisi luphawu lopelo olubonisa isivakalisi seprosodic egameni. Kwimeko ethi "hay", i-accent ibekwa phezu konobumba "a" ukuphawula ilungu eligxininisiweyo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukubeka i-accent ngokuchanekileyo kwigama elithi "hay" ukuphepha iimpazamo zopelo.
3. Ukusetyenziswa ngendlela engalunganga kwe-"kukho" kwisininzi: Impazamo yesithathu eqhelekileyo kusetyenziso olungachanekanga lwe «kukho» kwisininzi. "Kukho" ngumntu wesithathu kwimo enye kwaye isetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kwinto enye okanye into. Xa ufuna ukubhekisa kwizinto ezininzi, kufuneka usebenzise “kukho” ekhatshwa sisininzi okanye isiqinisekisi. Ngokomzekelo, endaweni yokuthi “zininzi iincwadi kwithala leencwadi,” ufanele uthi “zili-10 iincwadi kwithala leencwadi.” Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa "kukho" ngokuchanekileyo ukuphepha ukudideka kwimvumelwano yomlomo.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuphepha ukwenza iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo xa ubhala "kukho", kuyimfuneko ukukhumbula intsingiselo yayo kunye nokusetyenziswa okuchanekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ukuphepha ukubhideka ngamagama afanayo, ukukhumbula ukubeka isivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokusebenzisa elithi “hay” ngokufanelekileyo kwisinye okanye kwisininzi zezinye zezitshixo zokubhala eli gama ngokuchanekileyo. Ngokunikela ingqalelo la macebiso, uya kukwazi ukusebenzisa "kukho" ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ugweme iimpazamo zokubhala.
7. Iingcebiso zokusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo "kukho"
Igama elithi “hay” lelinye lawona magama asetyenziswayo kulwimi lwesiSpanish, ekubeni lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza ubukho bento ethile, Noko ke, kuqhelekile ukwenza iimpazamo xa usebenzisa eli gama ngokuchanekileyo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukulandela ezinye.
1. Yisebenzise ukubonisa ubukho bento ethile ngoku: "Kukho ikati eyadini" okanye "Zininzi iincwadi kwithala leencwadi." Khumbula ukuba »kukho» kufuneka isoloko ikhatshwa sisibizo.
2. Ungayisebenzisi ukubhekisa kubukho babantu: Endaweni yokuthi “Kukho uMaria ethekweni,” kufuneka uthi “uMaria usepatini.” Igama elithi "ukho" lisetyenziswa kuphela ukubhekisa kwizinto ezingaphiliyo okanye kwizinto.
3. Yisebenzise ngendlela egxekayo xa kungekho nto ikhoyo: Ukuba ufuna ukuchaza ukuba akukho nto, kufuneka usebenzise "akukho" isakhiwo. Umzekelo, "Akukho kutya efrijini" okanye "Akukho ngxaki ngale projekthi." Khumbula ukusebenzisa inqaku elihambelanayo ngalo lonke ixesha ukukhapha isibizo.
8. Imithambo yonxibelelwano ukomeleza ubuchule bokuthi “kukho”
Kweli candelo, sibonisa uthotho lwe imithambo interactive oko kuya kukunceda uqinise ubuchule bakho bokusebenzisa isenzi "kukho." Le mithambo iya kukuvumela ukuba uziqhelanise kwaye udibanise ulwazi lwakho ngemisebenzi eguqukayo neyonwabisayo.
1. Gcwalisa umsebenzi ongenanto: Kulo msebenzi kuya kufuneka ugqibezele izivakalisi usebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo imo yesenzi "hay". Izivakalisi ezinezithuba ezingenanto ziya kuboniswa, kwaye umsebenzi wakho uya kuba kukukhetha ukhetho oluchanekileyo lokugqibezela isivakalisi ngasinye. Lo msebenzi uza kukunceda uqinise usetyenziso olululo lwe "kukho" kwimixholo eyahlukeneyo kunye nolwakhiwo lwegrama.
2. Umsebenzi wokuguqulela: Kulo msebenzi uya kunikwa izivakalisi ngeSpanish ezinesenzi »hay». Injongo yakho iya kuba kukuguqulela ezi zivakalisi kwisiNgesi okanye olunye ulwimi olufundayo. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba uziqhelanise nokuguqulela ngokuthe ngqo izivakalisi eziquka isenzi “hay” kwaye ubethelele ukuqonda kwakho ngendlela esetyenziswa ngayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zonxibelelwano.
3. Umthambo wokukhetha okuninzi: Kulo msebenzi uya kuboniswa ngeemeko ezahlukeneyo kwaye uya kucelwa ukuba ukhethe ukhetho olugqibezela umxholo ngamnye usebenzisa isenzi "kukho." Esi senzo siya kukunceda ulole ubuchule bakho bokuchonga ixesha kunye nendlela yokusisebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo isenzi "kukho" kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nolwakhiwo lwegrama.
Khumbula ukuba ukuziqhelanisa rhoqo kubalulekile ukuqinisa umyalelo wakho wesenzi "kukho". Le misebenzi yonxibelelwano iya kukunika ithuba lokomeleza ulwazi lwakho, uphucule ukuchaneka kwakho kwaye ukhulise ukuzithemba ekusetyenzisweni kuka "zikho". Thatha eli thuba kwaye uqalise ukwenza lo mthambo ngoku!
9. Ukubaluleka kokufunda ukusebenzisa "hay" ngokuchanekileyo kwiSpanish
Kulwimi lweSpanish, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda indlela yokusebenzisa igama elithi "hay" ngokuchanekileyo. "Nantsi lapho" Ligama elisetyenziswa ukubonisa ubukho okanye ubukho bento okanye umntu othile kwindawo ethile. Sisenzi esingenabuntu, esithetha ukuba asinaso isihloko sicacileyo kwaye sisetyenziswa kuphela kumntu wesithathu kwisinye. Ngesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nokuyisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo kulwakhiwo lwegrama.
Omnye wemiba ephambili ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa kusetyenziswa “kukho” kukuvumelana kwayo nesibizo esikhaphayo. Isetyenziswa kwisinye xa ibhekisa kwinto enye okanye umntu okhoyo. Umzekelo, "Kukho intyatyambo egadini" okanye "Kukho incwadi etafileni." Nangona kunjalo, kwisininzi isetyenziswa xa kubhekiswa kubukho bobuninzi yento okanye umntu ngamnye. Umzekelo, "Zininzi iintyatyambo egadini" okanye "Kukho iincwadi ezininzi etafileni." Esi sivumelwano sibalulekile ukunqanda iimpazamo zegrama kunyenokugcina ulungelelwaniso kwintetho.
Omnye umba obalulekileyo omawuqwalaselwe xa usebenzisa “kukho” kukuchasa. Ukukhanyela ubukho okanye ubukho bento ethile, igama elithi "hayi" lisetyenziswe ngaphambi kokuba "kukho.". Umzekelo, "Akukho ngxaki" okanye "Akukho ncwadi kwithala leencwadi." Xa ukhanyela, kubalulekile ukukhumbula isivumelwano kunye nesibizo esithi "kukho" sibhekisa. Ngapha koko, xa usebenzisa "kukho" ekuchaseni, kuyenzeka ukuba kusetyenziswe amabinzana obungakanani njengokuthi «akukho nanye» okanye «akukho» ukugxininisa ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kwento. Ezi ngqwalasela malunga nokuchaswa kwe-»kukho» kuya kunceda ukuphepha ukubhideka kunye nokuzivakalisa ngokuchanekileyo nangokuchanekileyo ngeSpanishi.
10. Isiphelo ngokuchanekileyo ukusetyenziswa kuka “kukho” ngokubhaliweyo
Ngaba uyazi ngenene indlela yokupela "kukho"? Kuqhelekile ukwenza iimpazamo xa usebenzisa igama elithi "hay" ekubhaleni Ngamanye amaxesha, libhidaniswa nelithi "phaya" okanye "ay" ngenxa yokubiza kwalo okufanayo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba "hay" ihambelana nexesha langoku lomntu wesithathu wesenzi "haber". Xa ubhala, kubalulekile ukuba uyisebenzise ngokuchanekileyo ukuze uphephe ukubhideka kwaye udlulise umyalezo ngokucacileyo nangokuchanekileyo.
Apha ngezantsi, ndichaza eminye imigaqo ekufuneka uyilandele ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubhala "kukho" ngokuchanekileyo:
- Sebenzisa "kukho" xa ufuna ukubonisa ubukho okanye ubukho bento. Umzekelo: «Nantsi lapho inja egadini.”
- Sukubhida "phaya" kunye "phaya" okanye "ay". La magama aneentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kwaye asetyenziswa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo umzekelo: »Beka phantsi incwadi Pha, Ndiyacela." nokuba "¡Ay! Ndiwile ndazenzakalisa. "
–Khumbula ukubhala kwisinye emva kokuba »kukho». Umzekelo: "Epakini, Nantsi lapho umthi." Kule meko, akufanele udibanise "s" ekupheleni kwegama emva kokuba "kukho."
Isishwankathelo, Kubalulekile ukubhala "kukho" ngokuchanekileyo ukuphepha ukubhideka ngokubhaliweyo kunye nokuhambisa ulwazi ngokucacileyo. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba "kukho" kusetyenziselwa ukubonisa ubukho okanye ubukho bento ethile. Kwakhona khumbula ukwahlula phakathi kuka-"kukho", "phaya" kunye no-"oh", ekubeni nganye kuzo inomsebenzi othile kulwimi. Ziqhelanise kwaye wenze umthambo ukuqinisa izakhono zakho zokubhala kwaye uqinisekise ukuba usebenzisa "kukho" ngokuchanekileyo kwiitekisi zakho. Awusayi kuphinda uphosise!
NdinguSebastián Vidal, injineli yekhompyuter ethanda itekhnoloji kunye ne-DIY. Ngaphaya koko, ndingumdali we tecnobits.com, apho ndabelana ngee-tutorials ukwenza itekhnoloji ifikeleleke kwaye iqondeke kumntu wonke.