Indlela yokuqulatha ukuchithwa kweoli? Kwimeko yokuchitheka kweoli, kubalulekile ukwenza ngokukhawuleza ukuphepha iziphumo ezinobungozi indlela eyiyo kunye nobomi baselwandle. Zininzi iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuqulatha kunye nokucoca ukuchitheka, ukusuka kwiibhomu ezidadayo ukuya kusetyenziso lwee-dispersants kunye ne-skimmers. Uthintelo lukwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ngohlolo lwamaxesha athile, ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kweziseko zophuhliso noqeqesho lwabasebenzi oluqhubekayo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga iindlela ezingcono ezikhoyo zokujongana nokuchitheka kweoyile kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yazo kwindawo yethu yendalo.

Indlela yokuqulatha ukuchithwa kweoli?

1. Lo primero es chonga umthombo wokuchitheka kweoyile. Ukumisela umthombo kuya kunceda ukuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuthintela.
2. Notificar a las autoridades competentes ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Baya kukwazi ukulungelelanisa impendulo kwaye banike uncedo oluyimfuneko.
3. Kwimeko yokuchitheka kwamanzi, beka imiqobo yokuthintela malunga nommandla ochaphazelekayo. Ezi zithintelo ziyakwazi ukuxhamla okanye ukufunxa, kwaye ziya kunceda ukukhusela ioli ukuba isasazeke ngakumbi.
4. Utilizar equipos de protección personal xa uphethe okanye ucoca ukuchitheka. Oku kubandakanya iiglavu, iiglasi zokukhusela kunye nempahla ekhethekileyo.
5. Lawula kwaye unciphise ukusasazeka kweoli. Oku kufezwa ngokusebenzisa izinto ezifunxayo, ezifana neepads okanye iiboom, ukuqokelela ioli echithekileyo.
6. Qokelela ioli echithekileyo ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo. Kusenokuba yimfuneko ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne-vacuum emanzi okanye inetha ezikhethekileyo zokuqokelela ioli emanzini.
7. Coca kwaye uhlambulule iindawo ezichaphazelekayo nje ukuba ukuchitheka kuphelisiwe. Oku kunokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezicoci ezikhethekileyo kunye nokususwa komhlaba ongaphezulu okanye amanzi angcolileyo.
8. Lahla ngokufanelekileyo inkunkuma iqokelelwe ngexesha lokucoca. Kubalulekile ukulandela imigaqo emiselweyo ukuthintela ukosuleleka ngakumbi.
9. Yenza ukujonga okuqhubekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho zikhondo ze-oyile ezishiyekileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukufunyanwa kwakhona kwe-ecosystem echaphazelekayo.
10. Funda kumava kunye thatha amanyathelo okuthintela ukuthintela ukuchitheka kweoli kwixesha elizayo. Oku kunokubandakanya uqeqesho olululo, ukugcinwa kwezixhobo rhoqo, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokusingqongileyo.

Khumbula ukuba kubalulekile ukwenza ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo kwimeko yokuchitheka kwe-oyile ukunciphisa iimpembelelo zayo ezingalunganga kokusingqongileyo kunye nokukhusela ubomi baselwandle.

Imibuzo neempendulo

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

1. Yintoni ukuchitheka kweoyile?

Ukuchitheka kweoli yingozi apho ioli ikhutshwa khona kokusingqongileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokuvuza okanye ukuphuka kwimibhobho, iinqanawa okanye iiplatifomu zeoli.

2. Ingabanjwa njani ukuchitheka kweoyile?

1. Chonga kwaye wazise ukuchitheka kwabasemagunyeni.
2. Nciphisa ukuhamba kweoli ngokuvala iivalvu okanye ukumisa umthombo.
3. Sebenzisa izithintelo zomzimba, ezifana ne-buoys okanye i-containment booms, ukunciphisa ukusasazeka kokuchitheka.
4. Sebenzisa iindlela zokubuyisela, ezifana ne-skimmers okanye i-absorbents, ukuqokelela ioli echithekileyo.
5. Sebenzisa ii-dispersants ezigunyazisiweyo zeekhemikhali ukuqhekeza ioyile ibe ngamathontsi amancinci kwaye ikhawulezise ukubola kwayo.

3. Yintoni abatyibilizi kwaye basetyenziswa njani?

Iiskimmers zizixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukuqokelela ioyile echitheke emanzini.

1. I-Skimmers isasazwe kwindawo echatshazelwe kukuchitheka.
2. Abatyibilizi baqokelela ioli edadayo kumphezulu wabo.
3. Ioyile eqokelelweyo igcinwa kwizikhongozeli ezifanelekileyo ukwenzela unyango okanye ukulahlwa kamva.

4. Yintoni iikhemikhali ezisasaza iikhemikhali kwaye zisetyenziswa njani?

Izisasazi zemichiza ziimveliso ezisetyenziselwa ukwaphula ioyile ibe ngamathontsi amancinci kwaye iququzelele ukusasazwa kwayo kunye nokubola kwayo.

1. I-Dispersants iyatshizwa okanye ifakwe ngokuthe ngqo kwioli echithekileyo.
2. Umchiza usasaza ioli ibe ngamathontsi amancinane axutywa namanzi.
3. I-biodegradation ye-droplets yeoli ehlakaziweyo iqhutyelwa ngeenkqubo zendalo.

5. Ngawaphi amanyathelo afanele athathwe ukukhusela izinto eziphilayo zaselwandle ngexesha lokuchitheka kweoli?

1. Ukukhutshwa kwezilwanyana ezisengozini, ezifana nezilwanyana zaselwandle okanye iintaka, kwiindawo ezichatshazelwe kukuchitheka.
2. Sebenzisa izithintelo zomzimba kwiindawo ezibuthathaka ukukhusela ioli ekufikeleleni kuyo.
3. Beka amaqela ohlangulo kunye nokubuyisela kwisimo sangaphambili ukunyanga kunye nokukhulula izilwanyana ezichatshazelwe kukuchitheka.
4. Hlala ubeke iliso kwaye uvavanye impembelelo yokuchitheka kwezinto eziphilayo zaselwandle.

6. Ingaba iilwandle zichatshazelwa njani kukuchitheka kweoyile kucocwa?

1. Ukusasaza izixhobo zokulawula elunxwemeni ukuthintela i-oyile ukuba ifikelele ngakumbi.
2. Sebenzisa i-skimmers kunye nezinye izixhobo zokuqokelela ioli elunxwemeni.
3. Coca ngezandla iindawo ezingaselunxwemeni ezichaphazelekayo usebenzisa izixhobo ezifana nemihlakulo kunye neengxowa.
4. Gcoba izinto ezifunxayo ukuze ususe i-oyile esantini.

7. Zeziphi iingozi zempilo ezinxulumene nokuchitheka kweoyile?

1. Ukuphefumla umphunga wepetroleum kunokubangela ukucaphukisa inkqubo yokuphefumla.
2. Ukudibana ngokuthe ngqo neoli kunokubangela ukucaphuka kwesikhumba kunye namehlo.
3. Ukusela amanzi okanye ukutya okungcoliswe yipetroleum kunokubangela iingxaki zesisu.
4. I-oyile inokuba neziphumo eziyityhefu zexesha elide kubomi baselwandle nakwi-ecosystem.

8. Zeziphi ezona ndlela zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukulawula ukuchitheka kwe-oyile kulwandle olukhulu?

1. Sebenzisa iibhomu ezidadayo ukuqulatha ukuchitheka.
2. Faka ii-chemical dispersants ukuze uqhekeze ioli echithekileyo.
3. Beka abatyibilizi bayokuqokelela ioyile edadayo.
4. Yenza ukutshisa okulawulwayo ukuphelisa inxalenye yeoli.

9. Ngaba ikho indlela yokuthintela ukuchitheka kweoyile?

1. Ukugcina ulondolozo olululo kunye nolawulo lweziseko ezingundoqo ze-oyile.
2. Ukuphumeza amanyathelo okhuseleko olwaneleyo kumaqonga oyile kunye neenqanawa.
3. Phuhlisa izicwangciso zokuphendula ukuchithwa kweoli ukuze usebenze ngokukhawuleza xa kukho ingozi.
4. Ukukhuthaza ukuqondwa kweengozi ezinxulumene ne-oyile kunye nokukhuthaza izenzo ezinoxanduva.

10. Yiyiphi imibutho elawula ukucocwa nokulawulwa kokuchitheka kweoli?

Kumazwe amaninzi, ukulawulwa kokuchitheka kweoyile kuluxanduva lwamaziko karhulumente anoxanduva lokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko lwaselwandle.