Indlela yokwakha ibhulorho

Indlela yokwenza ibhulorho: Incwadi yobugcisa yokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zendlela

Ukwakhiwa kweebhulorho ngumsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo zeendlela. Ezi zakhiwo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuvumeleni indlela ekhuselekileyo nefanelekileyo yezithuthi nabantu phezu kwamanzi, iintlambo ezinzulu kunye neminye imiqobo yendalo okanye yasezidolophini. Kule nqaku, siza kubonisa incwadana yezobugcisa eya kunika iinkcukacha ngamanyathelo ayimfuneko yokwakha ibhuloho, ukusuka kwisicwangciso kunye noyilo ukuya ekuphunyezweni nasekugqityweni komsebenzi. Nokuba uyingcali yobunjineli boluntu, ungumfundi, okanye umntu nje onomdla kwinkqubo yokwakha ibhulorho, esi sikhokelo siya kukunika ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukuze uqonde kwaye wenze ngempumelelo le projekthi ingumngeni. Ke lungiselela izakhono zakho zobuchwephesha kwaye uhlanganyele nathi kolu phononongo lunomdla lwehlabathi elinomdla lobunjineli bebhulorho. Masiqalise!

1. Intshayelelo yenkqubo yokwakhiwa kwebhulorho

ukwakha iibhulorho Yinkqubo intsonkothile efuna indlela echanekileyo necokisekileyo. Kule nqaku, isingeniso esicacileyo kwinkqubo yokwakhiwa kwebhulorho iya kunikwa, ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuqala lokucwangcisa ukuya ekugqityweni kwesakhiwo. Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, izihloko ezininzi eziphambili ziya kuqwalaselwa, ezinjengokhetho loyilo lwebhulorho, ukubala komthwalo, ukukhetha izinto eziphathekayo, kunye nokwakha ngokwalo.

Umba osisiseko wenkqubo yokwakhiwa kwebhulorho uceba. Ngaphambi kokuqala nawuphi na umsebenzi, kubalulekile ukwenza uphando olunokwenzeka kunye novavanyo olucokisekileyo lwendawo. Oku kubandakanya ukuthathela ingqalelo ubume bendawo, imiqobo yokusingqongileyo kunye nomthamo wokuthwala umhlaba. Emva kokuba yonke idatha efunekayo iqokelelwe, uyilo lwebhuloho lukhethiwe, luthathela ingqalelo iiparitha ezifana nobude, ubude kunye nomthamo ofunekayo womthwalo.

Emva kokuba uyilo olufanelekileyo lukhethiwe, siqhubela phambili kwinqanaba lokwakha langempela. Ngesi sigaba, iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo zisetyenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi eyimfuneko. Oku kunokubandakanya ukugrumba kunye nokulinganisa umhlaba, ukubeka iziseko kunye neentsika, kunye nokwakha i-superstructure. Kubalulekile ukulandela iinkcukacha zobugcisa kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko ukuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kwesakhiwo sebhulorho.

2. Uphononongo lokuba nokwenzeka kolwakhiwo lwebhulorho

Linqanaba elibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yoyilo neyocwangciso. Olu phononongo lwenza kube lula ukuvavanya ubuchule, uqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo kweprojekthi, kunye nokuchonga imingcipheko enokubakho kunye neenzuzo. Apha ngezantsi ngamanyathelo ekufuneka uwalandele ukwenza uphononongo olunokwenzeka ngempumelelo.

1. Ukuqokelelwa kolwazi: Eli nqanaba libandakanya ukuqokelela lonke ulwazi olunxulumene neprojekthi, olufana ne-topographic, geological, hydrological, kunye nedatha yezothutho. Kubalulekile ukuba nezifundo zangaphambili kumhlaba apho ibhulorho iya kwakhiwa khona, kunye nokwazi imithetho esebenzayo kunye nemimiselo.

2. Uhlalutyo lobuchwephesha: Kweli nqanaba uhlalutyo olucacileyo lwendlela eyahlukileyo yoyilo kunye nendawo yebhulorho iyenziwa. Imiba efana ne-geotechnics, ukuxhathisa kolwakhiwo, ukuqina, kunye neempembelelo ezinokubakho zokusingqongileyo ziyavavanywa. Ukongeza, iindleko zokwakha kunye nokugcinwa kufuneka ziqwalaselwe kubomi bebhulorho.

3. Ukuyila nokucwangcisa ibhulorho exhathisayo nesebenzayo

Uyilo nokucwangciswa kwebhulorho eyomeleleyo nesebenzayo kubandakanya amanyathelo asisiseko aliqela ekufuneka alandelwe ngononophelo. Ngezantsi zi amanyathelo abalulekileyo ukulandela ukwenza le nkqubo ngokufanelekileyo:

1. Uvandlakanyo lweemfuno kunye neemfuno zeprojekthi: into yokuqala ekufuneka yenziwe kukuqinisekisa iimfuno ezithile zebhulorho, njengohlobo lwezithuthi eza kuxhasa, iimeko zejografi kunye nemozulu yendawo, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olukhoyo, ezinye izinto. Oku kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyilo luhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno eziyimfuneko.

2. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo: Emva kokuba iimfuno zeprojekthi zisekiwe, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo eziza kuqinisekisa amandla kunye nokusebenza kwebhuloho. Kuyimfuneko ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo iimpawu zomatshini wezinto eziphathekayo, ukuqina kwazo kunye nokufumaneka kwazo kwimarike.

3. Uhlalutyo lwesakhiwo kunye noyilo oluneenkcukacha: Kweli nqanaba, uhlalutyo olunzulu lwesakhiwo sebhulorho luyenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba luyahlangabezana nemigangatho efunekayo yokhuseleko kunye namandla. Izixhobo ezifana ne-structural modeling kunye ne-software yokubala zisetyenziselwa ukumisela imikhosi kunye noxinzelelo oluya kusebenza kwibhulorho. Ukususela kwezi ziphumo, i-geometry echanekileyo yebhuloho yenzelwe, kubandakanywa indawo kunye nemilinganiselo yeentsika, imiqadi kunye nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko zesakhiwo.

Ngokulandela ngokucophelela la manyathelo, kunokwenzeka ukuyila nokucwangcisa ibhuloho echasayo kunye nesebenzayo ehlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zeprojekthi. Ukuzinikela, ulwazi lobugcisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zingundoqo ekuqinisekiseni impumelelo kule nkqubo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukhuseleko lwabasebenzisi beebhulorho kufuneka luhlale luhamba phambili, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuthobela imithetho esebenzayo kunye nemimiselo kuyo yonke inkqubo yoyilo kunye nokucwangcisa.

4. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo zokwakhiwa kwebhulorho

Oku kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kunye nokuxhathisa. Ngeli nqanaba lenkqubo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinto ezininzi zokukhetha izinto ezichanekileyo ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zeprojekthi.

Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya imeko yendalo kunye ne-geological yendawo apho ibhuloho iya kwakhiwa khona. Izinto ezinjengomswakama, ubukho bamanzi aphantsi komhlaba, ukuvezwa kwi-agent e-corrosive okanye ukwenzeka kweentshukumo ze-seismic kunokuchaphazela ukhetho lwezona zinto zifanelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukukhetha izixhobo ezichasene nale miba kwaye ezinokumelana nemithwalo kunye noxinzelelo apho ibhulorho iya kuboniswa khona..

Enye inkalo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo luhlobo lwebhulorho eza kwakhiwa kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo. Iibhulorho zinokuba neentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana neebhulorho zokunqunyanyiswa, iibhulorho ze-arch, iibhulorho zegirder, phakathi kwabanye. Uhlobo ngalunye lwebhulorho lufuna izinto ezithile ukuze zihambelane noyilo kunye nomsebenzi walo. Kubalulekile ukukhetha izinto ezihlangabezana neemfuno zesakhiwo sebhuloho, ezikwazi ukuxhasa imithwalo kwaye zivumela ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo..

Ukongezelela, iindleko kunye nokufumaneka kwezinto eziphathekayo kufuneka zihlolwe. Kubalulekile ukufumana ibhalansi phakathi komgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo kunye neendleko zabo, ngokuqwalasela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olwabelwe ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho. Kubalulekile ukukhetha izixhobo ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yomgangatho oyimfuneko, kodwa zihambelana nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweprojekthi.. Ngokufanayo, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezikhethiweyo zifumaneka ngokubanzi kwiimarike, ukuphepha ukulibaziseka kokwakhiwa ngenxa yeengxaki zokubonelela.

Ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokwakhiwa kwebhulorho yinkqubo ebalulekileyo efuna uhlalutyo olucacileyo lwezinto ezahlukeneyo. Kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya imeko yokusingqongileyo kunye ne-geological, uhlobo lwebhulorho kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo, kunye neendleko kunye nokufumaneka kwezinto eziphathekayo.. Ukhetho olulumkileyo kweli nqanaba luya kuba negalelo ekuqina, amandla kunye nokhuseleko lwebhulorho ngokuhamba kwexesha.

5. Ukulungiswa komhlaba kunye neziseko zebhulorho

Ukulungisa umhlaba kunye neziseko zokwakhiwa kwebhulorho kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuqina kwayo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngezantsi ngamanyathelo ekufuneka uwalandele ukwenza lo msebenzi. ngempumelelo:

1. Ukuvavanywa komhlaba: Phambi kokuba uqalise nawuphi na umsebenzi, kubalulekile ukwenza uphononongo olunzulu ngomhlaba eza kwakhiwa kuyo ibhulorho. Oku kubandakanya ukuhlalutya ukubunjwa kwayo, ukuxhathisa kunye neempawu zejoloji. Izixhobo ezifana ne-seismic sensors kunye nesampuli zomhlaba zingasetyenziselwa ukufumana ulwazi oluchanekileyo.

2. Ukwembiwa kunye nomgangatho: Wakuba uvandlakanyiwe umhlaba, ummandla apho iziseko zebhulorho ziya kugrunjwa. Kubalulekile ukulinganisa umhlaba kwaye ususe nayiphi na into engazinzanga okanye ekhululekile. Sebenzisa oomatshini abanzima abafana nabembi kunye neegreda ukufikelela kwifemu, nkqu nesiseko.

3. Ukwakhiwa kwesiseko: Isiseko sisiseko apho ukwakhiwa kwebhulorho kuya kwakhiwa. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeziseko zingasetyenziswa, njengeemfumba eziqhutywayo okanye i-strip footings, kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zomhlaba kunye neemfuno zebhulorho. Kubalulekile ukulandela iinkcukacha zobugcisa bokwakhiwa kwayo, njengobunzulu, ububanzi okanye umthamo womthwalo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezikhokelo kunye neetemplates kucetyiswa ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka ekubekweni kwesiseko.

Ukulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo komhlaba kunye nesiseko sebhuloho kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwayo kwexesha elide kunye namandla. Kubalulekile ukulandela amanyathelo achazwe ngasentla kwaye ube neengcebiso zeengcali kwintsimi yobunjineli boluntu ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo. Ukuphononongwa ngokucokisekileyo komhlaba, ukugrunjwa okufanelekileyo kunye nokuhlelwa, kunye nokwakhiwa okuchanekileyo kwesiseko, yimiba ephambili yeprojekthi eyimpumelelo.

6. Ubuchule bokwakha obusetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kwebhulorho

Ekwakhiweni kweebhulorho, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuchasana kwezi zakhiwo. Ezinye zezona ndlela zisetyenziswayo kule nkqubo zichazwe ngezantsi.

Indlela yokwakha ngama-cantilevers alandelelanayo: Le ndlela iquka ukwakha ibhulorho kumacandelo aqhubela phambili, kusetyenziswa uchungechunge lwemiqadi okanye ubuxoki obusuka kwiibhanki zombini de badibane kumbindi we-span. Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuphakamisa nokubamba iiplanga kwindawo, ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwazo ngexesha lokwakha.

Ulwakhiwo usebenzisa iformwork yokutyibilika: Kule ndlela, ibhulorho yakhiwa ngokuqhubekayo usebenzisa i-formwork ethi ngokuthe ngcembe isilayidi njengoko ikhonkrithi ibekwe. Olu buchule luluncedo ngokukhethekileyo kwiibhulorho ezide, njengoko zivumela ukuqhubeka okuqhubekayo ekwakhiweni. Umatshini ophucukileyo usetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba kwefom kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wekhonkrithi.

7. Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuphambili ekwakhiweni kweebhulorho

Okwangoku, iteknoloji ephucukileyo iye yatshintsha indlela iibhulorho ezakhiwe ngayo. Ukusuka kwiinkqubo zokuyila ezincediswa yikhompyutha ukuya kwiindlela ezintsha zokwakha, eli xesha litsha lokwakha lisivumela ukuba senze iibhulorho ezikhuselekileyo, ezihlala ixesha elide nezinempumelelo ngakumbi. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ezinye zetekhnoloji ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekwakhiweni kwebhulorho kunye nendlela eziguqula ngayo eli shishini.

Enye yezona nkqubela zibalulekileyo ibe kukusetyenziswa kwesoftware encediswa yikhompyutha (CAD). Nge-CAD, iinjineli zinokwenza iimodeli ezineenkcukacha zeebhulorho ngaphambi kokuba ziqale ukwakha ngokwasemzimbeni. Le mifuziselo yedijithali ivumela iinjineli ukuba zilinganise iimeko ezahlukeneyo kwaye zivavanye ukusebenza kwebhulorho kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.

Olunye ukuqhubela phambili okubalulekileyo kulwakhiwo lwebhulorho kukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokwakha ezintsha, ezifana nekhabhoni fiber eqinisiweyo ikhonkrithi. Ezi zixhobo zinika amandla amakhulu kunye nokuqina xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zendabuko, ezivumela ukwakhiwa kweebhuloho ezikhanyayo, ezincinci ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukhuseleko. Ukongeza, iisensonsi zokubeka iliso zesakhiwo zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ngexesha langempela impilo kunye nokusebenza kweebhulorho, okwenza kube lula ukuqaphela iingxaki ezinokubakho kwangoko kunye nokuphumeza amanyathelo okulungisa.

8. Iingqwalasela zokhuseleko ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwebhulorho

Ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwebhulorho, ukhuseleko kufuneka lube yingqwalasela ephambili. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bakhuselekile kwaye umngcipheko weengozi uyancitshiswa. Apha siza kuxoxa ngezinye zeengqwalasela ezingundoqo ukugcina engqondweni ukuqinisekisa ukwakhiwa kwebhulorho ekhuselekileyo.

1. Vavanya iimeko zesiza: Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise nawuphi na umsebenzi wokwakha, kubalulekile ukuvavanya iimeko zesiza kwaye uchonge naziphi na iingozi ezinokubakho okanye iingozi. Oku kunokubandakanya indawo engazinzanga, iintambo zombane, umngcipheko wokuwa kwezinto, phakathi kwabanye. Ngokusekelwe kolu vavanyo, amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo kufuneka aphunyezwe, njengokufakwa kocingo lokhuseleko, imiqondiso ecacileyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuzikhusela.

2. Abasebenzi bakaloliwe: Bonke abasebenzi ababandakanyekayo ekwakhiweni kwebhulorho kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho olwaneleyo lokhuseleko. Oku kubandakanya uqeqesho ekusetyenzisweni ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo kunye nezixhobo, kunye nokuqonda iinkqubo zokhuseleko ezisekiweyo. Ukongezelela, kufuneka kuqhutywe uqeqesho rhoqo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba wonke umntu unolwazi ngemigaqo yamva nje yokhuseleko.

3. Ukusetyenziswa kwezikafula neentambo zokubopha: Izikafula kufuneka zakhiwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye uhlale ikwimeko entle. Imimiselo yokhuseleko kufuneka ilandelwe malunga nokufakwa kunye nokusetyenziswa, kwaye ukuhlolwa rhoqo kufuneka kuqhutywe kuwo nawuphi na umonakalo okanye ukunxiba. Ukongezelela, bonke abasebenzi kufuneka banxibe iintambo zokhuseleko ngelixa besebenza kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, baqinisekise ukhuseleko lwabo xa bewa.

Ngokulandela oku, unokunciphisa umngcipheko kwaye uqinisekise indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo kuye wonke umntu obandakanyekayo. Ngalo lonke ixesha khumbula ukubeka phambili ukhuseleko kwaye ulumkele iingozi ezinokubakho. Ukuthintela iingozi luxanduva lomntu wonke!

9. Ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa kweebhulorho ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwazo

Ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kweebhuloho, kuyimfuneko ukwenza uhlolo lwexesha kunye nokugcina ukugcinwa okwaneleyo. Le misebenzi ibalulekile ekubhaqeni nasekusombululeni iingxaki ezinokubakho zesakhiwo phambi kokuba zibe ziingxaki ezinkulu.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukwenza uhlolo olubonakalayo ukuchonga naziphi na iimpawu zokuwohloka, njengokuqhekeka, ukuqhekeka, okanye ukubola. Ukongeza, uvavanyo olungonakalisi kufuneka lwenziwe kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, ezinje nge-ultrasound kunye ne-x-ray, ukuvavanya ukuthembeka kwezinto zokwakha ibhulorho.

Zakuba zichongiwe iingxaki ezinokuthi zibe kho, kufuneka kuqhutywe isicwangciso esifanelekileyo solondolozo. Oku kunokubandakanya imisebenzi efana nokutywina iintanda, ukucoca kunye nokukhusela umphezulu wesinyithi ekudlekeni, kunye nokulungisa okanye ukubuyisela izinto ezonakeleyo okanye ezigugileyo. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokuqinisekisa ukulungiswa kwexesha elide, ukulungiswa komgangatho.

10. Imithetho kunye nemimiselo ekwakhiweni kweebhulorho

Ukwakhiwa kweebhulorho kulawulwa luluhlu lwemithetho kunye nemimiselo eqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezi zakhiwo. Ukwazi nokusebenzisa le mimiselo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokuqina kweebhulorho.

Omnye weyona migaqo ibalulekileyo ekwakhiweni kweebhulorho yi I-Bridge Technical Standard. Lo mgangatho umisela iimfuno zobugcisa kunye nezokwakha ekufuneka iibhulorho zihlangabezane nazo, ukusuka kuyilo lwazo ukuya ekugcinweni kwazo. Phakathi kweenkalo ezibhekiswe kulo mgangatho kukuchasana kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, imilinganiselo yezinto zesakhiwo, iinkqubo zokwakha kunye nokuhlolwa kunye nokuhlolwa kweebhuloho ezikhoyo.

Omnye ummiselo ofanelekileyo ngu Imimiselo yomthwalo webhulorho. Lo mmiselo umisela imithwalo ephezulu ekufuneka iibhulorho zixhase, zombini imithwalo esisigxina kunye nemithwalo eguquguqukayo. Le mithwalo ibandakanya ubunzima bokuzimela kwebhulorho, ubunzima bezithuthi zezithuthi, amandla omoya, kunye nezinye izinto ezinokuchaphazela ukuzinza kwesakhiwo. Kubalulekile ukuthobela le migaqo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweebhuloho kwaye ugweme ukuwa okanye umonakalo onokwenzeka.

11. Ulungelelaniso phakathi kwamaqela okwakha kwiprojekthi yebhulorho

Impumelelo yeprojekthi yokwakha ibhulorho ixhomekeke kakhulu kulungelelwaniso olusebenzayo phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo abandakanyekayo. Ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo luqinisekisa ukuba yonke imisebenzi yenziwa ngokuchanekileyo. indlela esebenzayo nokuba imihla ebekiweyo ihlangatyezwa ngaphandle kweengxaki. Nazi ezinye amanyathelo aphambili ukuphumeza ulungelelwaniso olusebenzayo phakathi kwamaqela okwakha kwiprojekthi yebhulorho.

1. Misela isicwangciso sonxibelelwano esicacileyo nesineenkcukacha: Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba unxibelelwano phakathi kwamaqela luya kwenzeka njani, loluphi ulwazi oluya kwabelwana ngaso kwaye kangaphi. Oku kunokubandakanya iintlanganiso eziqhelekileyo, iingxelo zenkqubela phambili, unxibelelwano lwe-imeyile, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokulawula iprojekthi ezifana neTrello okanye i-Asana. Unxibelelwano oluvulelekileyo noluthe gqolo lubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba onke amaqela ayayazi inkqubela kunye nemingeni.

2. Chaza iindima noxanduva: Iqela ngalinye malibe lichazwe ngokucacileyo imisebenzi yayo kunye noxanduva kwiprojekthi yokwakha ibhulorho. Oku kuthintela ukubhideka kunye nokudibana kwaye kuvumele ukwabiwa komsebenzi ngokulinganayo. Ukwabela iinkokeli zeqela elithile kunye nokuseka iindawo ezicacileyo zoqhagamshelwano kwisebe ngalinye kubalulekile ukwenzela ulungelelwaniso olusulungekileyo nolusebenzayo.

3. Ukuseka impendulo kunye namajelo okusombulula iingxaki: Kubalulekile ukuba kubekho inkqubo yokufumana ingxelo evela kumaqela ahlukeneyo kunye nokujongana nayo nayiphi na imiba evela ngexesha leprojekthi. Oku kunokubandakanya ukucwangcisa iintlanganiso zengxelo kunye nokudala inkqubo yokunika ingxelo ngengxaki. Ukusonjululwa kwengxaki ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwangethuba kwiinkxalabo kubalulekile ekugcineni ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwamaqela kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iprojekthi yokwakha ibhulorho iqhubela phambili kakuhle.

12. Izisombululo kwiingxaki eziqhelekileyo ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwebhulorho

Kweli candelo, siza kuphonononga ezinye izisombululo kwiingxaki eziqhelekileyo ezinokuvela ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwebhulorho. Ezi zisombululo ezisebenzayo ziya kukunceda ukujongana nemingeni onokuthi uhlangabezane nayo kwinkqubo yokwakha, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokugqibela kunye nokuthembeka kwesakhiwo sebhulorho.

1. Ingxaki: Isiseko esinganelanga
Ukuba uhlangabezana nesiseko esingonelanga okanye umhlaba awuzinzanga, kubalulekile ukusombulula le ngxaki phambi kokuqhubeka nokwakha. Okokuqala, yenza uvavanyo lwe-geotechnical lomhlaba ukuze uqonde ukubunjwa kwawo kunye namandla okuthwala. Emva koko, cinga ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji yesiseko esikhethekileyo njengemfumba okanye isiseko se-slabs. ukudala isiseko esiluqilima. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, qhagamshelana neengcali zobunjineli be-geotechnical ukuze ufumane isikhokelo esongezelelweyo.

2. Ingxaki: UAlbert Einstein uthe "Ukuba awukwazi ukuyichaza ngokulula, awuyiqondi kakuhle."
Ngokuqhelekileyo ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwebhulorho, iingxaki zonxibelelwano zinokuvela phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo abandakanyekayo kwiprojekthi. Isisombululo esisebenzayo kukuseka imigca ecacileyo yonxibelelwano kunye nokusebenzisa imizobo eneenkcukacha kunye nemizobo ukuhambisa ulwazi lobugcisa ngokucacileyo nangokucacileyo. Ukongeza, qinisekisa ukuba onke amaqela abandakanyekayo ayawuqonda ngokupheleleyo umda womsebenzi kunye neenkcukacha zobugcisa. Amaxwebhu afanelekileyo kunye neentlanganiso eziqhelekileyo zinokunceda ukuphepha ukungaqondani kunye nokunciphisa iimpazamo.

3. Ingxaki: Ukulawulwa komgangatho onganelanga
Ukulawulwa komgangatho kubalulekile ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwebhulorho ukuqinisekisa ukuba imigangatho efunekayo iyafezekiswa. Ukujongana nalo mba, phumeza inkqubo yoqinisekiso lomgangatho ongqongqo equka uhlolo oluqhubekayo kuwo onke amanqanaba okwakha. Isebenzisa izixhobo zokulinganisa eziphucukileyo kunye novavanyo lwetekhnoloji yokuvavanya umgangatho womsebenzi kunye nokufumanisa iziphene ezinokubakho okanye iingxaki zesakhiwo. Yenza iimvavanyo zomthwalo kunye novavanyo olungonakalisi ukuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kwezixhobo kunye namandla okwakhiwa kwebhulorho.

13. Ukuvavanywa kweendleko kunye nenkxaso-mali ekwakhiweni kweebhulorho

Ukuqhuba iprojekthi eyaneleyo, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela uluhlu lwezinto ezibalulekileyo eziqinisekisa ukusebenza kweprojekthi kunye nokuphepha ukusilela okunokwenzeka. Amanyathelo aphambili aza kuwalandela aya kuchazwa ngezantsi:

Uhlalutyo lweemfuno: Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuhlalutya ngokweenkcukacha iimfuno zeprojekthi, ezifana nobude bebhulorho, uhlobo lwezinto eziza kusetyenziswa, iimeko zejoloji kunye neendawo zendawo, phakathi kwezinye. Olu hlalutyo luya kugqiba izibonelelo eziyimfuneko kwaye luqikelele iindleko ezinxulumene nesigaba ngasinye sokwakha.

Uphononongo lweendleko: Emva kokuba iimfuno zichongiwe, uphando olunzulu lweendleko ezibandakanyekayo ekwakhiweni kwebhuloho lwenziwa. Olu phononongo kufuneka lubandakanye iindleko zabasebenzi, izixhobo, izixhobo, iimvume kunye neelayisensi, ezothutho, iirhafu, phakathi kwezinye. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe izixhobo zesoftware ezikhethekileyo eziququzelela ukubala kunye nokuqikelelwa kweendleko.

Ucwangciso lwezemali: Nje ukuba uqikelelo lweendleko lufunyenwe, kubalulekile ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso semali esiluqilima esiya kuthi sihlawule zonke iindleko ngezigaba ezahlukeneyo zokwakha. Oku kuquka ukuchonga imithombo yenkxaso-mali ekhoyo, enjengemali-mboleko yebhanki, abatyali-zimali babucala okanye iimali zikarhulumente, kunye nokuseka ishedyuli yokuhlawula nokuvavanya iindlela ezizezinye zokuxhasa ngemali. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuhamba kwemali kunye nokuqinisekisa ukufumaneka kwenkunzi kwinqanaba ngalinye leprojekthi.

14. Izifundo zemifuziselo iibhulorho kunye nokwakhiwa kwazo ngempumelelo

Izifundo zemizekelo yeebhulorho ezinomfanekiso zibonelela ngezifundo ezibalulekileyo ekwakhiweni ngempumelelo kwezakhiwo ezibanzi. Ngale meko, zombini imingeni yobugcisa kunye nezicwangciso ezisetyenziselwa ukuzoyisa zinokuhlalutywa. Ukongeza, ezi zifundo zibonelela ngengcaciso eneenkcukacha kucwangciso, uyilo, kunye nokwenziwa kweeprojekthi zolwakhiwo lweebhulorho ezinophawu.

Okokuqala, kuyafuneka ukuqonda iimeko zesayithi ukumisela iiparamitha zoyilo ezifanelekileyo. Oku kuquka uvandlakanyo lwemiba yokwakheka komhlaba, ubume bomhlaba kunye nokusingqongileyo. Nje ukuba kuqondwe ngokupheleleyo okusingqongileyo, isicwangciso sokuqala kunye noyilo luyenziwa. Oku kubandakanya ukugqiba indawo efanelekileyo yebhuloho, ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo kunye nokuphuhlisa iimodeli zesakhiwo ezivumela ukulinganisa ukuziphatha komsebenzi.

Inkqubo yokwakhiwa kwebhulorho engumfuziselo ngumsebenzi onzima ofuna ukwenziwa okuchanekileyo. Izinto ezifana nolandelelwano lokwakha, iindlela zesiseko kunye neendlela zokuphakamisa isakhiwo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho weprojekthi, ukuhlolwa komgangatho ongqongqo kuqhutyelwa kwinqanaba ngalinye lokwakha. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba neqela lomsebenzi eliqeqeshwe kakhulu kunye nabaphathi beengcali abanokuqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezicwangciso kunye neenkcukacha.

Uphononongo lubonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo lweeprojekthi zeziseko ezingundoqo ezizayo. Izifundo ezifunyenwe kwezi meko zivumela iinjineli kunye nabakhi ukuba bajongane nemingeni efanayo ngokuzithemba okukhulu. Ngokuhlalutya imizekelo eyimpumelelo, kuyenzeka ukuchonga ezona ndlela zilungileyo kwaye uzisebenzise kwiiprojekthi zokwakha iibhulorho kwihlabathi liphela. Ukwakha iibhulorho ze-iconic ayisiyonto nje yobunjineli, kodwa ikwangumqondiso wokukwazi komntu ukoyisa imingeni kunye nokudibanisa uluntu.

Ukuqukumbela, inkqubo yokwakhiwa kwebhulorho ifuna ukucwangciswa ngobuchule, uyilo kunye nokuphunyezwa. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinto ezifana nokuchasana kwezinto, umthwalo oya kuxhaswa yibhulorho kunye neemeko ze-geological zomhlaba.

Ukususela kuhlalutyo lwezifundo zangaphambili ukuya kwinqanaba lokwakha, isinyathelo ngasinye kufuneka senziwe ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokunyamekela, ngokulandela imigangatho kunye nemimiselo esekwe ngamaqumrhu afanelekileyo. Ukukhethwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezinto eziphathekayo, ezifana nekhonkrithi, isinyithi, kunye neemfumba, kuya kuqinisekisa ukuhlala ixesha elide kunye nokukhuseleka kwebhuloho.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba inkqubo yokwakhiwa kwebhulorho inokuhluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwesakhiwo kunye neemeko ezithile zesayithi. Ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ube neengcebiso zeenjineli kunye neengcali kwintsimi ukwenza iprojekthi eyimpumelelo.

Ngamafutshane, ukwakha ibhulorho ngumsebenzi wobugcisa ofuna ulwazi olukhethekileyo kunye namava. Ngendlela ecokisekileyo kwinqanaba ngalinye lenkqubo, isakhiwo esomeleleyo sinokudalwa ukudibanisa uluntu, ukuququzelela ukuthutha kunye nokuphucula iziseko zedolophu.