Uyenza njani iNtsholongwane eyonakalisa iPC

Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nokuxhomekeka okwandayo kwiikhompyuter kubomi bethu, kubekho umdla othile ekuphononongeni icala elimnyama lecomputing. Kule nqaku lobugcisa, siya kujongana nesihloko esiphikisanayo esithi "Indlela yokwenza iNtsholongwane eyonakalisa iPC." Ngelixa injongo yethu iyimfundo kuphela kwaye ingakhuthazi imisebenzi engekho mthethweni, kubalulekile ukuqonda iindlela ezisemva kweentsholongwane zekhompyuter kunye neziphumo ezinobungozi ezinokubakho kwiinkqubo zethu. Siza kuphonononga iimpawu ezisisiseko zentsholongwane ekwaziyo ukuphazamisa ikhomputha ukuya kwinqanaba lokuyinikela njengento engenamsebenzi, ukubonelela ngembono engathathi hlangothi yobugcisa kwabo banomdla kukhuseleko lwekhompyutheni kunye nokukhuselwa kolu hlaselo.

1. ⁢Intshayelelo kwiivayirasi zekhompyuter kunye neempembelelo zazo ⁤iikhompyuter

Iintsholongwane zeKhompyutha ziye zaba yinkxalabo eqhubekayo ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala zekhompyutha. Ezi iinkqubo ezinobungozi Baye baba yinkimbinkimbi kwaye impembelelo yabo kwiikhomputha iye yavela ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Intsholongwane yekhompyuter yinkqubo esasazeka kwaye yosulela iikhompyuter, ibangele umonakalo ekusebenzeni kwazo. Ezi nkqubo ziyingozi zinokugqithiselwa ukusuka kwenye ikhompyuter ukuya kwenye nge-imeyile encamatheleyo, ukhuphelo lwe-intanethi, izixhobo ze-USB, phakathi kwezinye iindlela. Yakube intsholongwane yosulele ikhompyutha, inokubangela iingxaki ezininzi, njengokucothisa inkqubo, ukucima iifayile ezibalulekileyo, okanye ukubiwa kwenkcazelo eyimfihlo.

Impembelelo yeentsholongwane zekhompyuter kwiikhompyuter inokuba yingozi kakhulu. Ukongeza kumonakalo womzimba kunye noqoqosho abanokuthi bawubangele, ezi nkqubo zinobungozi zinokubeka emngciphekweni ubumfihlo bethu kunye nokhuseleko kungoko kubalulekile ukuba ne-antivirus elungileyo efakwe kwiikhompyuter zethu kwaye ulandele iindlela ezilungileyo zokhuseleko, kunjalo, ukuvula ii-imeyile ezikrokrisayo ukukhuphela iifayile kwimithombo engathembekanga. Ngokunyuka rhoqo kwizisongelo ze-intanethi, kubalulekile ukuba sihlale sithe qwa kwaye sikhusele oomatshini bethu kwiintsholongwane zekhompyutha.

2.⁤ Ukuqonda indlela iintsholongwane ezonakalisayo ezisebenza ngayo kunye neenjongo zazo ezithile

Iintsholongwane ezitshabalalisayo ziyingozi rhoqo kwihlabathi leteknoloji kunye nokhuseleko lwekhompyutheni. Njengoko singena kwinkulungwane yama-21, kubaluleke kakhulu kunakuqala ukuqonda ukuba zisebenza njani ezi ntsholongwane kwaye zithini iinjongo zazo. Ngezantsi, siza kuhlalutya ngokweenkcukacha iimpawu zabo eziphambili kunye neminye imizekelo yeenjongo abazisukelayo.

Iimpawu eziphambili zeentsholongwane ezonakalisayo:

• Ukukwazi ukuziphindaphinda: Iintsholongwane ezitshabalalisayo ziyakwazi ukuzikopisha kwaye zisasazeke kwezinye iinkqubo okanye iifayile, ezivumela ukuba zisasazeke ngokukhawuleza.
• Stealth: Ezi ntsholongwane ziyakwazi ukufihla iifayile ezisemthethweni okanye iinkqubo zokusebenza ngaphandle kokufunyanwa, okubavumela ukuba baphephe iindlela zokhuseleko.
• Umonakalo owenziwe ngabom: Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo zentsholongwane, iintsholongwane ezitshabalalisayo zenzelwe ngenjongo yokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwiinkqubo ezosulelekileyo, nokuba kucinywe iifayile, ukukhubaza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo, okanye ukonakalisa idatha.

Okujoliswe kuko okuthe ⁢ kweentsholongwane ezonakalisayo:

• Ukutshatyalaliswa kweenkqubo kunye nothungelwano: Enye yeenjongo eziphambili zeentsholongwane ezitshabalalisayo kukubeka esichengeni ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kweenkqubo zekhompyutheni, okubangela ukuwa okanye ukungabi namsebenzi kothungelwano.
• Ukubiwa kwenkcazelo eyimfihlo: Ezinye iintsholongwane eziyingozi ziyilelwe ukuba zingene kwiinkqubo ukuze zibe inkcazelo ebalulekileyo, njengenkcazelo yobuqu, iinkcukacha zebhanki okanye iimfihlo zorhwebo.
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kwedatha: Enye injongo eqhelekileyo yezi ntsholongwane kukucima okanye ukonakalisa iifayile ezibalulekileyo, ngokungenamkhethe okanye ngokukhethayo, okunokubangela ilahleko engenakulungiseka yolwazi.

3. Ukuvavanywa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane kunye neendlela zabo zokusasaza

Kweli candelo, siza kuxubusha kwaye sivavanye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane zekhompyuter kunye nendlela ezisasazeka ngayo. Iintsholongwane zekhompyutha ziinkqubo eziyingozi ezingeniswa kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha ngaphandle kwemvume yomsebenzisi ngenjongo yokonakalisa okanye ukonakalisa idatha. Kubalulekile ukuqonda iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane kunye neendlela zazo zokusasaza ukukhusela izixhobo zethu kunye nothungelwano.

Iintlobo zeevayirasi zekhompyuter:

• Iintshulube: ezi ntsholongwane zisasazeka ngothungelwano kunye neenkqubo eziqhagamshelweyo, zisebenzisa ubuthathaka kwiinkqubo zezixhobo. Ziphindaphinda ngokukhawuleza kwaye zingabangela umonakalo omkhulu.
• IiTrojani: Ezi ntlobo zeentsholongwane zizenza zibe ziinkqubo ezisemthethweni zokuqhatha abasebenzisi kwaye bafumane ukufikelela kwiinkqubo zabo. Xa sele bengaphakathi, banokuba ulwazi olubuthathaka okanye bavumele abahlaseli ukuba balawule isixhobo.
• Iintsholongwane zeMacro: Ezi ntsholongwane zithatha ithuba lee-macros kumaxwebhu kunye ne-spreadsheets ukosulela iinkqubo. Zisasazeke xa uvula okanye uphumeza iifayile ezinee-macros ezinobungozi.

Iindlela zokusasazeka kwentsholongwane:

• I-imeyile: Iintsholongwane ezininzi ⁤ zithatha ithuba lokuncamathela kwi-imeyile ukosulela iinkqubo. ⁢Abasebenzisi kufuneka ⁢balumke xa bevula ii-imeyile⁤ kwaye bekhuphela uncamathiselo kwimithombo engaziwayo.
• Ukhuphelo lwe-Intanethi: Ezinye iintsholongwane zinokukhutshelwa kunye neefayile okanye iinkqubo ezivela kwimithombo engathenjwayo Kubalulekile ukukhuphela kuphela kwimithombo ethembekileyo kunye nokuskena iifayile ngaphambi kokuzivula.
• Izixhobo ezisuswayo: Iintsholongwane zinokusasazeka ngezixhobo ze-USB okanye ezinye izinto ezikhutshwayo. Isilumkiso kufuneka sithatyathwe xa kudityaniswa ezi ⁢zixhobo kwiinkqubo zokuthintela ukusasazeka⁢ kweentsholongwane.

4. Amanyathelo aphambili ukuyila intsholongwane esebenzayo eyenza umonakalo kwiPC

Ukuyila intsholongwane esebenzayo eyenza umonakalo ukuya kwiPCKubalulekile ukulandela amanyathelo athile angundoqo aya kwandisa amathuba okuphumelela kusulelo. La manyathelo asisiseko kwinkqubo yokudala kwaye kufuneka enziwe ngobunono kunye ngokuchanekileyo. Apha ngezantsi kukho amanyathelo amathathu aphambili ekuyileni intsholongwane enokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwiPC:

Uhlalutyo lokuba sesichengeni: Ngaphambi kokuqala uyilo lwentsholongwane, kubalulekile ukwenza uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo lobuthathaka obunokwenzeka benkqubo yokusebenza kunye nesoftware esetyenziswa kwiPC ekujoliswe kuyo. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba uchonge amanqaku abuthathaka anokuthi asetyenziswe ukufezekisa usulelo olufunwayo. Ngeli nqanaba, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphande izikhewu ezaziwayo okanye zamva nje zokhuseleko ezingekalungiswa ngabaphuhlisi.

Ukufakwa kwekhowudi okukhohlakeleyo: Nje ukuba ubuthathaka buchongiwe, lixesha lokubhala ikhowudi engalunganga eya kuqhuba usulelo. Oku kufuna izakhono eziphambili zokucwangcisa kunye nolwazi olunzulu lweelwimi zeprogram ezisetyenziswayo. kwiPC injongo. Ubuchule be-Obfuscation kufuneka busetyenziswe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikhowudi kunzima ukuyibhaqa kunye nokuvavanya, kunye neempawu zokufihla eziphambili kufuneka zibandakanywe ukunqanda ukubhaqwa iinkqubo ze-antivirus kunye neenkqubo zokhuselo.

Ukusasazwa kunye nokusasazwa: Nje ukuba intsholongwane iyilwe yaza yafakwa ikhowudi,⁤ isicwangciso esiluqilima siyafuneka ukuze sisasazwe kakuhle kwaye sisasazeke. Ukwenza oku, iindlela zobunjineli bezentlalo zingasetyenziselwa ukukhohlisa abasebenzisi ukuba bakhuphele kwaye bafake intsholongwane ngaphandle kolwazi lwabo. Ubuthathaka bothungelwano bunokusetyenziselwa ukungena kunye nokusasaza ngeenkqubo ezidibeneyo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukusasazeka ngempumelelo kwentsholongwane kuxhomekeke kakhulu ⁤ekukwazini ukuphepha ukubhaqwa kunye nemilinganiselo yokhuseleko ephunyeziweyo kwiiPC ekujoliswe kuzo.

5. Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha iqonga lophuhliso lwentsholongwane

Xa ukhetha "iqonga lophuhliso" lentsholongwane, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezinokuthi zibe nefuthe ekusebenzeni kwentsholongwane, kunye nokukwazi ukusulela kunye nokusasazeka. ngokufanelekileyoApha ngezantsi kukho eyona miba ibalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe:

1. Inkqubo yokwenza Injongo: Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyiqwalasele inkqubo yokusebenza apho ufuna intsholongwane isebenze khona. Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ⁤izixhobo zokusebenza zinobuthathaka obahlukeneyo kunye neempawu ekufuneka zisetyenziswe. Kubalulekile ukukhetha iqonga lophuhliso elihambelana nenkqubo yokusebenza ekujoliswe kuyo ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwentsholongwane.

2. ⁢Uhlobo lohlaselo: Ngokuxhomekeke kwinjongo kunye neenjongo zombhali wentsholongwane, kubalulekile ukukhetha iqonga elifanelekileyo lophuhliso lohlobo lohlaselo olufunwayo. Amaqonga ophuhliso anokwahluka kwisakhono sawo sokwenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zohlaselo, njengokudala i-backdoors, ukubiwa kolwazi, okanye ukutshixa iinkqubo zeqonga kwaye uqwalasele ukuba zihambelana njani neenjongo ezithile zentsholongwane.

3. Imisebenzi kunye neempawu: Iqonga ngalinye lophuhliso lwentsholongwane libonelela ngemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye neempawu. ⁢Xa ukhetha iqonga, kubalulekile ukuvavanya izixhobo ezifumanekayo, ezinje ngokuba nako ukuphepha ukubhaqwa kwe-antivirus, lula ⁢ukusasaza, kunye nesakhono sohlaziyo olukude. Ukongezelela, iimpawu zokuzingisa, ukulinganisa kunye nokukwazi ukufihla ubukho bentsholongwane kwinkqubo echaphazelekayo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ukhetho olufanelekileyo lweqonga lunokwenza umehluko ekusebenzeni kunye nokuphila ixesha elide kwentsholongwane.

6. Ukukhetha ukufihla kunye neendlela zokuphepha ukuphepha ukufunyanwa kwentsholongwane

Xa ujongene nesidingo sokuphepha ukubonwa kwentsholongwane, kubalulekile ukukhetha iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuzifihla kunye nokuphepha. Ezi ndlela zobuchule zinokunceda ukuphepha ukuchongwa ziinkqubo zokhuseleko kwaye zandise amathuba okuphumelela ekusasazeni intsholongwane.

Iindlela zoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo:

• Sebenzisa i-encryption algorithms ukufihla ikhowudi enobungozi yentsholongwane.
• Yenza izitshixo zikawonke-wonke kunye nezabucala ukuqinisekisa ukuba yimfihlo kolwazi olunxulumene nentsholongwane.
• Fihla ikhowudi yentsholongwane ngaphakathi kwikhowudi ⁤iifayile ezisemthethweni ukwenza ukubhaqwa kube nzima ngakumbi.

Ubuchule bokwenza ikhowudi:

• Lungisa ikhowudi yentsholongwane usebenzisa ubuchule be-obfuscation obufana nokutshintsha kwakhona, ukutsalwa komsebenzi, kunye nokutshintsha ulawulo lwezakhiwo.
• Sebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ze-obfuscation ezifaka ikhowudi yentsholongwane ngokuzenzekelayo.
• Ukongeza imiyalelo engenamsebenzi okanye ⁤engafunekiyo kwikhowudi ukuze⁤ kube nzima ukuhlalutya kunye nokufumanisa.

Ubuchule bokufihla:

• Fihla ikhowudi engalunganga ngaphakathi kweefayile ezimsulwa ezifana namaxwebhu okubhaliweyo okanye imifanekiso, usebenzisa ubuchule be-steganography.
• Guqula iipropati kunye neempawu zeefayile ezosulelekileyo ukuze zibonakale zingenabungozi kwaye zingabonakali.
• Bandakanya iindlela zokuziphelisa okanye zokuzitshabalalisa kwintsholongwane ukuphepha ukubhaqwa nokupheliswa yi-antivirus.

7. Izixhobo ezicetyiswayo zokucwangcisa kunye neelwimi⁤ ukudala intsholongwane etshabalalisayo

Ukudala intsholongwane etshabalalisayo⁤ kufuna ulwazi olunzulu lweprogram kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezithile ukuphuhlisa ikhowudi engalunganga esebenzayo. Ngezantsi⁤ ezinye⁢ zezixhobo ezicetyiswayo zenkqubo kunye neelwimi⁤ ukulungiselela le njongo:

• 1. C/C++: Ulwimi lwenkqubo yeC okanye iC ++ lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekuphuhliseni iintsholongwane ezitshabalalisayo ngenxa yokukwazi ukufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kwimemori yenkqubo kunye nokuxhaphaza iifayile kunye neenkqubo.
• 2. Umhlanganisi: Ulwimi lwenkqubo yendibano lusetyenziselwa ukubhala ikhowudi yezinga eliphantsi, ukuvumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwezixhobo zenkqubo kunye nokulungiswa kokusetyenziswa kwentsholongwane.
• 3.Python: Nangona iPython ⁤ilulwimi olukwinqanaba eliphezulu elineempawu zokhuseleko olwakhelwe ngaphakathi, ⁤ lunokusetyenziswa ukudala iintsholongwane ezonakalisayo ngenxa yokusebenziseka kwazo ngokulula kunye nethala leencwadi elibanzi lemisebenzi.

Ukongeza kwiilwimi zokucwangcisa, kukho izixhobo ezithile ezinokwenza kube lula ukwenza iintsholongwane ezitshabalalisayo:

• 1. Metasploit Toolkit: I-Metasploit yindawo yokuvavanya ukungena ebonelela ngeseti yezixhobo kunye nokuxhaphaza okungasetyenziselwa ukudala i-malware eyonakalisayo.
• 2. Iijenereyitha ze-Malware: Ezi zixhobo zenza inkqubo yokudala i-malware, ivumela abaphuhlisi ukuba benze ngokwezifiso ukuziphatha okuthe ngqo kunye neempawu zentsholongwane eyonakalisayo.
• 3. Izixhobo zokuchaza ikhowudi: Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziselwa ukufihla kunye nokufihla ikhowudi yemvelaphi yentsholongwane, yenze kube nzima ukubhaqwa ziinkqubo zokhuseleko.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukusebenzisa ezi zixhobo kunye neelwimi zeprogram ukudala intsholongwane etshabalalisayo akukho mthethweni kwaye kuyingozi. Ulwazi olunikeziweyo apha lubonelelwe ngeenjongo zemfundo ukuqonda ngcono iindlela ezisetyenziswa kwi-cybersecurity kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela ukukhusela iinkqubo kunye nolwazi lomntu.

8. ⁤Imingcipheko kunye neziphumo zomthetho ezinxulumene nokudalwa kunye⁤ nokusasazwa kweevayirasi zekhompyutha

Imingcipheko enxulumene nokudalwa kunye nokusasazwa kweentsholongwane zekhompyutha:

Ukwenziwa kunye nokusasazwa kweentsholongwane zekhompyutha⁤ kuthwala ⁤uthotho lwemingcipheko kunye neziphumo zomthetho ekufuneka abaphuli mthetho bazithathele ingqalelo. Le yeminye yemingcipheko ephambili abajongene nayo:

• Izohlwayo ezisemthethweni: Imithetho yamazwe ahlukeneyo ithatha ukuyilwa kunye nokusasazwa kweentsholongwane zekhompyutha⁢ njengolwaphulo-mthetho olubi. Abo banetyala banokujamelana nezityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho, izohlwayo ezinkulu, kwanokuvalelwa entolongweni.
• Umonakalo kubantu besithathu: Iintsholongwane zekhompyutha zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha zabantu, iinkampani nkqu noorhulumente. Abo banembopheleleko banokunyanzeleka ukuba bahlawule imbuyekezo ngomonakalo owenziweyo.
• Ukuphulukana nodumo: Abo babandakanyekayo ekudalweni nasekusasazeni iintsholongwane zekhompyuter bajongana nokulahleka kodumo olukhulu. Ukwaziwa njenge-cybercriminal kunokuchaphazela ukukwazi kwakho ukufumana umsebenzi okanye ukusebenzisana noluntu lwedijithali.

Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba kukho ii-arhente kunye nemibutho ekhethekileyo kwi-cybersecurity esebenza ngokusondeleyo nabasemagunyeni ukulandelela nokubamba abo bajongene nokudala kunye nokusasazwa kweentsholongwane zekhompyutha. Le mibutho ikwazinikele ekufundiseni nasekukhuliseni ulwazi malunga neengozi zeentsholongwane zekhompyuter, ngaloo ndlela inegalelo ekukhuselweni koluntu ngokubanzi.

9. Ukuvavanywa kwemilinganiselo yokhuseleko kunye nokukhusela⁤ ukunqanda usulelo olumandundu

Kweli candelo, siya kuvavanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko olunokuthi luphunyezwe ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwezifo ezinobungozi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Kubalulekile ukuba nezicwangciso ezisebenzayo ezinegalelo ekugcineni impilo kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwabantu, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo. Eminye yale milinganiselo ingundoqo iya kuchazwa ngezantsi:

Umlinganiselo wobushushu: Kubalulekile ukwenza uhlolo lobushushu rhoqo ukuchonga iimeko ezinokubakho zomkhuhlane. Oku Ingenziwa ngokusebenzisa⁢ iithemometha ezingadibaniyo ne-infrared okanye ithemometha yendlebe. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlale ubeka iliso kubushushu bomzimba kwaye useke iiprothokholi zesenzo xa kuthe kwafunyanwa amaxabiso aphakamileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zokuzikhusela (PPE): Ukusetyenziswa kwePPE efanelekileyo kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukuvezwa kwi-pathogenic microorganisms. Kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba abasebenzi baxhotyiswe ngezinto ezinje ngeemaski zobuso, iiglavu, iigawuni, kunye nezikhuseli zamehlo. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukuqeqesha abasebenzi ekusebenziseni ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuphathwa kwesi sixhobo, kunye nesidingo sokutshintsha rhoqo emva kweengcebiso ezimiselweyo.

Ukugcinwa kunye nokucoca: Ukugcina ukucocwa okwaneleyo kwamaziko kunye nezixhobo ⁢ kubalulekile ekuthinteleni usulelo. Iiprothokholi eziqhelekileyo zokucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kufuneka zisekwe, kusetyenziswa⁤ iimveliso ezivunyiweyo kunye nokulandela imiyalelo yomenzi. Ngokunjalo, amanyathelo ococeko lomntu, anje ngokuhlala ehlanjwa izandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesicoci sezandla, kufuneka aphunyezwe, kubasebenzi kunye nakwiindwendwe okanye abasebenzisi bezibonelelo.

10. Ukubaluleka kohlaziyo lwesoftware kunye namabala okhuseleko ukunciphisa umngcipheko wentsholongwane

Uhlaziyo lweSoftware kunye neepetshi zokhuseleko zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokugcina izixhobo zethu kunye neenkqubo zikhuselekile kumngcipheko weentsholongwane kunye nezinye izoyikiso ze-cyber. Olu hlaziyo lubandakanya ukuphuculwa kokusebenza, ukulungiswa kwebug, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, iipetshi zokhuseleko eziplaga imingxuma yokhuseleko eyaziwayo kwisoftware. Apha ngezantsi kukho izizathu zokuba kutheni olu hlaziyo lubaluleke kakhulu:

1. Ukukhuselwa kwizoyikiso ezintsha: Uhlaziyo lweSoftware⁤ luqulathe amabala okhuseleko amva nje aphuhliswe ukujongana nobuthathaka obufunyenweyo. Ngokugcina inkqubo isexesheni,⁢ siqinisekisa ukuba sikhuselekile kwizoyikiso zamva nje ze-intanethi kunye nohlaselo.

2. Ulungiso lwebug: Abaphuhlisi beSoftware bahlala besebenzela ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokuzinza kweemveliso zabo. Uhlaziyo lweSoftware lubandakanya ukulungiswa kwebug okulungisa iingxaki kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwesoftware.

3. Ukomeleza ukhuseleko: Ukhuseleko lwezixhobo zethu kunye nedatha lubalulekile kwihlabathi eliya liqhagamshelwa ngakumbi. Uhlaziyo lweSoftware kunye neepetshi zokhuseleko zinceda ukuqinisa ukhuseleko lweenkqubo zethu, ukuvala izikhewu kunye nemingxunya enokuthi isetyenziswe ngabageki kunye ne-malware.

11. Iingcebiso zokukhusela iPC ekuhlaselweni kwentsholongwane eyonakalisayo

Elinye lawona manyathelo abalulekileyo okukhusela iPC yakho kuhlaselo lwentsholongwane eyonakalisayo kukuqinisekisa ukuba unesoftware elungileyo efakiweyo. Le software kufuneka ihlaziywe rhoqo ukuze uhlale usexesheni kunye nezoyikiso zamva nje. Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wenze iskena sexesha⁢ senkqubo yakho ukubona kunye nokususa nayiphi na i-malware enokuthi ingene.

Esinye isincomo kukuba uqaphele xa ukhuphela kwaye ufaka iinkqubo okanye iifayile ezivela kwimithombo engaziwayo. Ngalo lonke ixesha qinisekisa ukuba ufumana isoftwe kuphela kwimithombo ethembekileyo neqinisekisiweyo Kwakhona, kuphephe ukucofa amakhonkco arhanelwayo okanye ukuvula izincamatheliso ze-imeyile ezivela kubathumeli abangaziwayo, njengoko ezi zisenokuba ne-malware.

Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukugcina inkqubo yakho yokusebenza kunye nazo zonke iinkqubo zakho zihlaziyiwe. Abavelisi beSoftware bakhupha rhoqo uhlaziyo lokhuseleko olulungisa ubuthathaka obaziwayo Ngokugcina inkqubo yakho isexesheni, uya kukhuselwa kwizoyikiso zamva nje kwaye uphephe uhlaselo lwentsholongwane olonakalisayo olusebenzisa obu buthathaka.

12. Ukuqwalaselwa kokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha xa uphonononga uyilo lweentsholongwane zekhompyutha ezitshabalalisayo

Xa ucinga ngokuyilwa kweentsholongwane zekhompyutha ezonakalisayo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha. Ezi ngcinga azisimemeli nje kuphela ukuba sivavanye iziphumo ezingalunganga ezinokubakho olu hlobo lomsebenzi, kodwa sivavanye iinzuzo ezinokubakho kunye neengozi ezinxulumene noko. Nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• Ukuhlonipha ubumfihlo kunye nokhuseleko: ⁢ Uphuhliso lwentsholongwane yekhompyuter eyonakalisayo inokuchaphazela ubumfihlo kunye nokhuseleko lwabantu kunye nemibutho. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ifuthe elibi elinokuthi la manyathelo abe nalo kubumfihlo beenkcukacha kunye nokuba sesichengeni kweenkqubo.
• Umngcipheko womonakalo wesibambiso: Iintsholongwane zekhompyuter ezitshabalalisayo azikhethi phakathi kwezinto ezijolise kuzo kwaye zinokuchaphazela abantu abamsulwa kunye neenkampani. Phambi kokuba uqalise imisebenzi ebandakanya uyilo lolu hlobo lwentsholongwane, kuyafuneka ukuba ucinge ngomonakalo onokubakhona wokubambisa onokuvela kunye nendlela onokuncitshiswa ngayo.
• Ukuqwalaselwa kwentlalontle eqhelekileyo: Imilinganiselo yokuziphatha neyokuziphatha isikhuthaza ukuba sibeke impilontle kwindawo yokuqala kunezinto zobuqu okanye zokuzingca. Xa sihlolisisa ukuyila kweentsholongwane zekhompyutha ezitshabalalisayo, kufuneka sibuze ukuba izenzo zethu ziyanceda uluntu ngokubanzi okanye endaweni yoko zifaka isandla ekungazinzini nakwisiphithiphithi.

Ekugqibeleni, ukuphonononga uyilo lwentsholongwane yekhompyuter eyonakalisayo kuphakamisa iingxoxo ezibalulekileyo zokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha. Ezi ngqwalasela zisikhuthaza ukuba sivavanye ngononophelo iinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanyekayo, ukusuka ekuhlonipheni ubumfihlo kunye nokhuseleko kumngcipheko womonakalo wokubambisana kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwentlalontle eqhelekileyo. Kuphela ngokubonakalisa uxanduva kunye nokuziphatha okunokuthi senze izigqibo ezinolwazi kwaye sikhuthaze ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kobuchwepheshe.

13. Iimpembelelo zokhuseleko kwindawo yoshishino kunye namanyathelo okuthintela acetyiswayo

Ukhuseleko kwindawo yoshishino lubalulekile ekukhuseleni izinto ezibuthathaka zombutho kunye neenkcukacha. Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje ledijithali, apho izisongelo ze-cyber zisanda kakhulu, kuyimfuneko ukuphumeza amanyathelo okuthintela ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo Ngezantsi kukho ezinye iimpembelelo zokhuseleko eziqhelekileyo kwindawo yoshishino kunye namanyathelo acetyiswayo okuthintela ukuphulwa kokhuseleko olunokwenzeka.

• Uhlaselo lwe-Phishing: Ii-imeyile ezinobungozi ezizama ukuqhatha abasebenzisi ukuba baveze ulwazi olubuthathaka zisisoyikiso esiqhelekileyo. Ukuthintela i-phishing, kubalulekile ukufundisa abasebenzi malunga nendlela yokuchonga ii-imeyile ezikrokrelayo kwaye ungaze ucofe kwiikhonkco okanye uvule izinamathiselo kwimithombo engaziwayo.
• I-Ransomware: I-Ransomware ⁢luhlobo lwe-malware eguqulela ngokuntsonkothileyo iifayile zombutho kwaye ifune intlawulelo ukuze izivule. Ukuze ugweme i-ransomware, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ugcine inkqubo yokugcinwa rhoqo kwiifayile ezibalulekileyo, uqinisekise ukhuseleko lwangoku lwe-antivirus, kwaye ugweme ukukhuphela isofthiwe okanye ukutyelela. iiwebhusayithi ukungathembeki.
• Ukuvuza kwedatha: ⁢ Ilahleko okanye ukuvuza kolwazi oluyimfihlo kunokuba ⁢iziphumo ezimandundu ⁢kwinkampani. Ukuthintela ukuvuza kwedatha, kuyimfuneko ukuphumeza amanyathelo okhuseleko, afana ne-encryption yedatha kunye nokulawula ukufikelela kulwazi. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukuqeqesha abasebenzi ngokubaluleka kokukhusela idatha ebucayi kunye nokuthobela imigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko esekelwe.

Ngamafutshane, ukhuseleko kwindawo yoshishino akufanele kuthathwe lula. Ngokusebenzisa amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuthintela, afana nokwazisa abasebenzi, ukukhuselwa kobuqhetseba, uthintelo lwe-ransomware, kunye nolawulo lofikelelo lwedatha, umbutho unokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko kwaye ukhusele i-asethi yakho.

14. Isiphelo: Ukukhuthaza inkcubeko yokhuseleko lolwazi ⁤ukuthintela ukuyilwa kunye nokusasazeka kweentsholongwane ezitshabalalisayo.

Ukuqukumbela, ukuthintela ukudalwa kunye nokusasazeka kweentsholongwane ezitshabalalisayo, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza inkcubeko eyomeleleyo ye-cybersecurity kuwo onke amanqanaba oluntu. Ukufezekisa oku, kuyimfuneko ukuba bobabini abasebenzisi kunye nemibutho baphumeze la manyathelo alandelayo:

Imfundo kunye nokwazisa:

• Yenza imikhankaso yokwazisa malunga nemingcipheko yokhuseleko lwekhompyuter kunye nokubaluleka kokulandela iindlela ezilungileyo.
• Ukubonelela ngoqeqesho kubasebenzisi kwizihloko zokhuseleko lwekhompyuter, njengolawulo olukhuselekileyo lwegama eliyimfihlo, ukuqondwa kobuqhetseba, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngenkathalo kwezixhobo kunye nothungelwano.
• Yenza iinkqubo zoqeqesho eziqhubekayo ukuze ugcine abasebenzisi benolwazi ngezoyikiso zamva nje kunye nobuchule bokuhlasela.

Ukuphunyezwa kwamanyathelo okhuseleko:

• Sebenzisa i-antivirus ehlaziyiweyo kunye nesoftware ye-antimalware kuzo zonke izixhobo, kwaye wenze iskeni rhoqo ukuze ufumanise kwaye uphelise izoyikiso ezinokubakho.
• Qwalasela iifirewall ukuvala itrafikhi engagunyaziswanga kwaye uthintele ukufikelela kwimithombo ebuthathaka.
• Hlaziya rhoqo isoftware kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza ukulungisa ubuthathaka obaziwayo.
• Sebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo awomeleleyo⁢kwaye uwatshintshe ngamaxesha athile, kunye ⁤vumela⁤ uqinisekiso izinto ezimbini xa kunokwenzeka.

Intsebenziswano kunye nonxibelelwano:

• Ukuseka amajelo onxibelelwano asebenzayo ukunika ingxelo ngeziganeko zokhuseleko kwaye ufumane izilumkiso malunga nezoyikiso ezintsha.
• Ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi kwemibutho, oorhulumente kunye neengcali zokhuseleko ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi olufanelekileyo kunye nokuphuhlisa izisombululo ezidibeneyo.
• Ukuthatha inxaxheba kuluntu kunye neeforam ezikhethekileyo zokwabelana ngamava kwaye ufunde kwiindlela ezingcono zabanye abaqeqeshi bokhuseleko lwekhompyutheni.

Isishwankathelo, kuphela ngenkcubeko eyomeleleyo ye-cybersecurity kunye nokwamkelwa kweendlela ezilungileyo siya kukwazi ukuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukudalwa kunye nokusasazeka kweentsholongwane ezitshabalalisayo kwindawo yedijithali. Ukhuseleko lwe-Cybersecurity kufuneka luthathelwe ingqalelo njengoxanduva ekwabelwana ngalo, umntu ngamnye kwaye ngokudibeneyo, kwaye kuya kufuna ukuzibophelela okuthe gqolo ukuhlala inyathelo elinye phambi kwezoyikiso eziqhubekayo.

Imibuzo neempendulo

Umbuzo: Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukwenza intsholongwane enokutshabalalisa iPC?
A: Ewe, kunokwenzeka ukwenza intsholongwane enokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwaye, kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, ide itshabalalise ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yekhompyutha.

Q: Ngawaphi amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukwenza intsholongwane etshabalalisa iPC?
A: ⁤Ukudalwa kwentsholongwane eyonakalisa kakhulu kufuna ulwazi oluphambili kucwangciso, ukhuseleko lwekhompyutha, kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza. Asilucebisi okanye ukukhuthaza olu hlobo lomsebenzi ngenxa yobungozi bawo kunye nefuthe elibi elinokuba nalo kwabanye abasebenzisi.

Umbuzo: Luhlobo luni lomonakalo onokuthi intsholongwane eyonakalisayo ibangele kwiPC?
A: Intsholongwane eyonakalisayo inokucima iifayile ezibalulekileyo, yonakalise inkqubo yokusebenza, igqithise izinto zangaphakathi, yonakalise ngokungenakulungiswa. ihadi drayivu kwaye ibangele ukuba iPC ingasebenziseki ngokupheleleyo.

Q: Zeziphi izinto ezikhuthazayo ezinokukhokelela ukuba umntu enze intsholongwane etshabalalisayo?
IMPENDULO: Iimpembelelo ezibangela ukuba kubekho intsholongwane etshabalalisayo zinokususela kukonakalisi kwedijithali ukuya ekufuneni inzuzo yemali okanye ulwazi oluyimfihlo.

Umbuzo: Ngawaphi amanyathelo okhuseleko anokuthathwa ukukhusela iPC kwiintsholongwane ezitshabalalisayo?
A: Ukukhusela i-PC kwiintsholongwane ezitshabalalisayo, kubalulekile ukugcina inkqubo yokusebenza kunye neenkqubo ezihlaziywayo kunye neepatches zokhuseleko zamva nje. Ukongeza, kuya kufuneka ube nesoftware ye-antivirus ethembekileyo efakiweyo kwaye unqande ukukhuphela iifayile okanye ukuqhuba iinkqubo ezivela kwimithombo engathembekanga.

Umbuzo: Sithini isohlwayo esisemthethweni sokudala kunye nokusasaza intsholongwane etshabalalisayo?
IMPENDULO: Ukwenziwa kunye nokusasazwa kweentsholongwane ezitshabalalisayo kuthathwa njengolwaphulo-mthetho kumazwe amaninzi kwaye kunokuthwala izohlwayo eziqatha ezisemthethweni, kuquka izohlwayo kunye nezigwebo zentolongo.

Umbuzo: Ngaba kukho imigaqo yokuziphatha ekudaleni iintsholongwane ezonakalisayo?
IMPENDULO: Ukwenziwa kweentsholongwane ezitshabalalisayo kuchasene nemigaqo yokuziphatha yoluntu oluninzi, njengoko kunokubangela ingozi enkulu kubantu besithathu kwaye kubeke esichengeni ubumfihlo babo kunye nokhuseleko. Kubalulekile ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kweteknoloji ngenkathalo kunye nentlonipho kwabanye abasebenzisi.

Ukuququmbela

Ukuqukumbela, sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha inkqubo yokudala intsholongwane ngenjongo yokutshabalalisa iPC. Nangona sibonise amanyathelo obugcisa ayimfuneko ukwenza lo msebenzi, kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba olu lwazi kufuneka lusetyenziswe ngendlela yokuziphatha kunye nemfanelo.

Sivakalisa inkxalabo yethu malunga nokusetyenziswa kakubi kolu lwazi kwaye sikhumbuza abafundi bethu ukuba ukuphuhliswa nokusasazwa kweentsholongwane akukho mthethweni kwaye kuyingozi kakhulu. ⁢Ukutshatyalaliswa kweenkqubo zekhompyutha kunokubangela ⁤ilahleko yedatha engenakulungiseka, umonakalo wezoqoqosho, kunye nokuphulwa ⁤kwabucala babantu.

Njengeengcaphephe kunye namagcisa, ngumsebenzi wethu ophambili ukukhuthaza intlalo-ntle nokhuseleko kwicandelo lethekhinoloji. Sikhuthaza abafundi bethu kunye nabasebenzisi ukuba basebenzise ulwazi lwabo ukukhusela kunye nokomeleza i-cybersecurity ngokukhuthaza izenzo zokuthintela, imfundo kunye nokwazisa.

Ukudala iintsholongwane kunokubonakala "kunomtsalane" kwabanye, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda iziphumo ezibi eziza nazo. Ke ngoko, sicebisa ukuhambisa izakhono zethu kunye nolwazi ekudaleni izisombululo ezikhusela kwaye zomeleze ukhuseleko lwedijithali.

Ngamafutshane, sikhuthaza abafundi bethu ukuba bamkele isimo sokuziphatha kunye noxanduva kwinkalo yezobuchwepheshe, basebenze kunye ukwakha indawo yedijithali ekhuselekileyo, ethembekileyo nehloniphekileyo. Kungendlela yokusebenzisana kuphela apho sinokuthi sijongane nemingeni ebangelwa bubugebenga bekhompyutha nokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kweenkqubo zethu ze-IT.