Uphahla luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yalo naluphi na ulwakhiwo, nokuba yindlu, isakhiwo okanye isakhiwo soshishino. Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukukhusela ingaphakathi lesakhiwo kwizinto zangaphandle, ezifana nemvula, umoya kunye nekhephu. Ngaphezu koko, uphahla olwakhiwe kakuhle nolulondolozwe kakuhle lunegalelo elikhulu ekusebenzeni kombane kwesi sakhiwo. Eli nqaku liza kuhlanganisa imiba yobugcisa kunye neengqwalasela ezibandakanyekayo ekwakheni uphahla, ukusuka ekukhetheni izinto zokufakelwa kunye nokugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo.
1. Intshayelelo yokwakha uphahla: Indlela yokwenza inyathelo lophahla ngesinyathelo
Kweli candelo, uya kufunda onke amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukwakha uphahla ukususela ekuqalei. Ngokulandela le nkqubo, uya kukwazi ukuyenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ikhuselekile.
Isinyathelo sokuqala kukucwangcisa uyilo lwephahla. Kufuneka uqwalasele ubungakanani, imilo, uhlobo lwempahla kunye nethambeka lophahla. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyilo luhambelana nemigangatho yangoku yokwakha kunye nemimiselo.
Emva koko, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela isakhiwo sokuxhasa uphahla. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ulinganise kwaye uphawule iindawo zemiqadi kunye neentsika. Emva koko, uya kuqhubeka nokufaka imiqadi kunye neentsika usebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Khumbula ukulandela imiyalelo yomenzi kwaye uqinisekise ukuba isakhiwo siqinile kwaye siyaxhathisa.
2. Izixhobo ezifunekayo ukwakha uphahla
Ukwakha uphahla, kuyimfuneko ukuba nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuququzelela inkqubo. Ngezantsi zizixhobo eziphambili ezifunekayo:
- Ileli: Ileli elomeleleyo kwaye izinzile iyadingeka ukufikelela eluphahleni kwaye ikwazi ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo.
- Umlinganiselo weteyiphu kunye nenqanaba lomoya: Ezi zixhobo ziyimfuneko ekulinganiseni nasekuqinisekiseni umgangatho wophahla ngexesha lofakelo.
- Saw kunye nehamile: Ezi zixhobo ziyimfuneko ekusikeni nasekukhuseleni izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwakha uphahla, njengemiqadi kunye neeshingles.
- Clavos y tornillos: Izikhonkwane ezisemgangathweni kunye nezikrufu ziyafuneka ukuba zifake izinto zokwakha. indlela ekhuselekileyo kwaye iyamelana.
- Iibrashi kunye neerola: Ezi zixhobo ziyimfuneko ekusebenziseni izitywini kunye nokukhusela uphahla kumswakama kunye nokuvuza.
- Ukhuseleko lomntu: Omnye akafanele alibale ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokukhusela zobuqu, ezifana nesigcina-ntloko, iiglavu kunye neeglasi zokhuseleko, ukukhusela iingozi kunye nokulimala ngexesha lokwakhiwa kophahla.
Ukongeza kwizixhobo ezikhankanywe, kubalulekile ukuba ube nesicwangciso esicacileyo sophahla kwaye ulandele imiyalelo yayo. Kukwacetyiswa ukuba ube neengcebiso zengcali kwintsimi yokwakha uphahla, ekubeni olu hlobo lweprojekthi ludinga ulwazi olukhethekileyo lobugcisa.
Ngamafutshane, ukuba nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kubalulekile ukwenza ukwakhiwa kophahla. indlela esebenzayo kwaye ikhuselekile. Ukusuka kwinqanaba lokufikelela eluphahleni, ukuya kwiibhulashi kunye ne-roller ukuyikhusela, isixhobo ngasinye sidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyo yonke inkqubo. Ngalo lonke ixesha khumbula ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuzikhusela kwaye ulandele imiyalelo yengcali ukuze ufumane ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo.
3. Ukuvavanywa kwendawo kunye nokulungiswa kwangaphambili kokwakhiwa kophahla
Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukwakhiwa kophahla, kubalulekile ukwenza uhlolo olucokisekileyo lomhlaba kunye nokwenza amalungiselelo aneleyo. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa isiseko esiluqilima kunye nenkqubo yokwakha egudileyo. Apha ngezantsi kukho amanyathelo ekufuneka uwalandele:
- Hlola ngokucophelela umhlaba: Kubalulekile ukuvavanya iimeko zomhlaba kwaye ubone ukuba kukho ukungalingani, amatye okanye ezinye izithintelo ezinokuchaphazela ukwakhiwa kophahla. Ukuqhuba uhlolo olucokisekileyo kuya kukuvumela ukuba uchonge iingxaki ezinokwenzeka kwaye uthathe amanyathelo ayimfuneko.
- Lungisa umhlaba: Emva kokuba uhlolo lwenziwe, kuyafuneka ukuba umhlaba ulungiswe kakuhle. Oku kunokuquka ukulungelelanisa umhlaba, ukususa imiqobo, okanye ukucudisa umhlaba. Ukulungiswa okufanelekileyo komhlaba kuya kuqinisekisa isiseko esizinzile sokwakhiwa kwephahla.
- Cwangcisa i-drainage: Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuchithwa komhlaba ukuze kuphephe iingxaki zokufuma phezu kophahla. Iinkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi ezaneleyo, ezifana neetaretha okanye iidreyini, kufuneka ziqwalaselwe kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba zifakelwe ngokuchanekileyo phambi kokuba kuqaliswe ukwakhiwa.
4. Iintlobo zephahla: ukuqwalaselwa kunye nokukhethwa kweyona nto ifanelekileyo
Xa ukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwephahla kwisakhiwo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela uluhlu lweengqwalasela eziza kuqinisekisa umphumo ofanelekileyo. Ukongeza kubuhle kunye nokuqina, izinto ezifana nemozulu, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kunye neemfuno zeprojekthi ethile kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Apha ngezantsi zezinye zezona ntlobo zophahla zixhaphakileyo kunye neengqwalasela eziphambili ekufuneka uzigcine engqondweni xa ukhetha eyona ilungileyo:
1. Uphahla lweGable: Olu hlobo lwephahla lukhethwa ngokuthandwayo ngenxa yokulula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Iqulathe amacala amabini athambekileyo adibana kwindawo esembindini, evumela ukukhutshwa okusebenzayo kwamanzi emvula kunye nokuqokelelwa kwekhephu. Ilungele ngokukodwa iindawo ezinemozulu yemvula okanye ikhephu. Inokwakhiwa ngezinto ezahlukeneyo, ezifana neeshingles, i-asphalt okanye isinyithi, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezikhethwa ngumninikhaya kunye neemfuno.
2. Uphahla olusicaba: Nangona lungekho “flat” ngokungqongqo, olu hlobo lophahla lunethambeka elincinane ukuvumela amanzi ukuba aphume. Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwizakhiwo zanamhlanje zorhwebo kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Uphahla olusicaba lunikeza inkangeleko yangoku kwaye luvumela ukufakwa lula kweepaneli zelanga okanye ezinye izixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, inokufuna ulondolozo olungakumbi kwaye ithanda ukuvuza ukuba ayifakwanga ngokuchanekileyo. Kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise izinto ezingenamanzi kwaye uqinisekise ukuba unenkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi kakuhle kulolu hlobo lophahla.
5. Ukucwangciswa kwephahla kunye noyilo: imilinganiselo, i-slope kunye nokuhanjiswa komthwalo
Ukucwangciswa kunye noyilo lwephahla kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo. Ukuqala, kubalulekile ukumisela imilinganiselo yophahla, ngokuqwalasela ubungakanani obupheleleyo bomgangatho omele ugutyungelwe. Oku kuya kusivumela ukuba sibale isixa sezinto ezifunekayo kwaye sibe nombono ocacileyo wendlela yokuhambisa.
Ukongezelela, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukuthambekela kophahla. I-slope efanelekileyo iya kuqinisekisa ukuchithwa okufanelekileyo kwamanzi emvula, ukuphepha iingxaki zokuvuza kunye nokufuma ngaphakathi kwekhaya. Ukuze kubonwe elona thambeka lifanelekileyo, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe izinto ezifana nendawo, imozulu nobungakanani bemvula ngonyaka. Kukho izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nesoftware enokunceda kolu balo.
Ukuhanjiswa komthwalo yenye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kuyilo lophahla. Lo mba ubhekiselele kumthamo womthwalo ekufuneka uphahla luwuxhase, mhlawumbi ngenxa yobunzima bezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nezinye izinto ezifana neepaneli zelanga, ii-eriyali okanye iinkqubo zokuqokelela amanzi emvula. Kubalulekile ukwenza uphando olunzulu lwesakhiwo sophahla ukuqinisekisa ukuba inokuxhasa ngokukhuselekileyo yonke le mithwalo eyongezelelweyo.
Isishwankathelo, ukucwangciswa kwephahla kunye nokuyila kufuna ukuqwalasela ubungakanani bomphezulu, ukubala i-slope efanelekileyo, kunye nokuthatha ukusabalalisa umthwalo. Le miba ibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kunye nokuqina kophahla ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nesoftware kunokuququzelela inkqubo yoyilo kunye nokuqinisekisa iziphumo ezilungileyo.
6. Indlela yokufaka izakhiwo zokuxhasa uphahla
Xa ufaka izakhiwo zokuxhasa uphahla, kubalulekile ukulandela ngokucophelela amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukufakwa okufanelekileyo. Ngezantsi ngamanyathelo ayimfuneko ukufakela izakhiwo zenkxaso ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo.
1. Ukuvavanya ukuyila kwephahla: Ngaphambi kokuqala ukufakwa, kubalulekile ukuhlalutya ukuyila kwephahla kunye nokugqiba indawo efanelekileyo yezakhiwo zenkxaso. Oku kubandakanya ukuchongwa kwemiqadi emikhulu kunye neendawo apho ukuqinisa ngakumbi kuya kufuneka.
2. Hlanganisa izakhiwo: Nje ukuba iindawo zimiselwe, izakhiwo zenkxaso kufuneka zidityaniswe ngokulandela imiyalelo yomenzi. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, ezifana ne-drill, izikhonkwane, kunye nezikhonkwane, ukuqinisekisa ibhondi eyomeleleyo. Kunconywa ukuba uhlolisise iinkcukacha zomenzi wolwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nohlobo lokulungiswa okufunekayo.
7. Ukukhethwa kunye nokubekwa kwezixhobo zokugubungela uphahla
Ngaphambi kokuqala iprojekthi, kubalulekile ukwenza uhlalutyo olunzulu lweemfuno kunye neempawu zeprojekthi. Izinto ezinjengokuthambekela kophahla, imozulu yendawo, izixhobo kunye neendlela zokwakha ezikhoyo kwindawo, phakathi kwezinye, kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe izinto ezifanelekileyo ezinikezela ukuchasana, ukuqina kunye nobuhle ophahleni.
Emva kokuba uhlalutyo luqhutywe, kunokwenzeka ukuqhubela phambili ekukhethweni kwezinto eziphathekayo. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezikhoyo kwimarike, ezifana neetayile ze-ceramic, iileyile zekhonkrithi, iileyile zetsimbi kunye ne-asphalt sheets, phakathi kwabanye. Nganye kwezi mathiriyeli ineyayo iingenelo kunye nokungalungi, ngoko kubalulekile ukuzihlolisisa ngenyameko. Ngeli nqanaba, kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane neengcali kwintsimi kwaye ucele iisampuli okanye imizekelo ukuxabisa ukubonakala kokugqibela kunye nomgangatho wezinto ezikhethiweyo.
Emva kokuba izinto ezikhethiweyo zikhethiwe, uphahla kufuneka lubekwe. Ukwenza oku, kuyimfuneko ukuba nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo, njengezikhonkwane ze-pneumatic, i-cranes okanye i-scaffolding. Ukongeza, imiyalelo yomenzi kufuneka ilandelwe ngenyameko kwaye imimiselo yokhuseleko kufuneka ihlonishwe. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba unenkxaso eyaneleyo yesakhiwo sophahla kwaye usebenzise umqobo womphunga ukukhusela umswakama kunye nomonakalo wokuvuza. Ekugqibeleni, amanyathelo okufakela acetyiswa ngumenzi kufuneka alandelwe, njengokugqithwa okuchanekileyo kweetayile okanye amaphepha kunye nokulungiswa okufanelekileyo kwezinto eziphahleni.
8. Ukufakwa kokuthintela amanzi kunye ne-thermal insulation phezu kophahla
A continuación, se presenta un detallado proceso Inyathelo nenyathelo ukwenza i Landela le miyalelo ngononophelo ukusombulula ingxaki ngempumelelo kwaye ihlala ixesha elide.
1. Ukulungisa indawo: Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise, qiniseka ukuba uphahla lucocekile yaye alunankunkuma. Susa naziphi na izithintelo kwaye ucoce ngokucokisekileyo umgangatho ukuze uqinisekise ukunamathela ngokufanelekileyo kwezinto. Kwakhona, qinisekisa ukuba iimeko zemozulu zifanelekile ukwenza ukufakwa.
2. Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo: khetha izinto ezifanelekileyo ngokuhambelana neemfuno zophahla lwakho. Kuya kufuneka uthenge umaleko wokuthintela amanzi umgangatho ophezulu kunye ne-thermal insulator esebenzayo. Khumbula ukuthathela ingqalelo uhlobo lophahla, imilinganiselo yalo kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo ezivezwa kuzo. Fumana izixhobo kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko ukugqiba ukufakela.
9. Inkqubo yeNdibano yeetile ezikhethiweyo okanye izinto zokuphahla
Ngaphambi kokuqala inkqubo yokufaka iileyile ezikhethiweyo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko zikhoyo. Ezinye zezi zixhobo ziquka ihamile, iinzipho ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomhlwa, igeyiji yokulinganisa, isarha, iteyiphu yokulinganisa, neleli ezinzileyo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba nezinto ezikhethiweyo zokuphahla, ezifana neeshingles, amashiti angangeni manzi kunye nemivalo yokubopha.
Isinyathelo sokuqala kwinkqubo yokuhlanganisa kukulungiselela umphezulu wekhava. Qinisekisa ukuba icocekile, yomile kwaye ayinankunkuma. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, lungisa nawuphi na umonakalo okanye ubuthathaka kwisakhiwo ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke. Emva koko, faka amaphepha angangeni manzi phezu komhlaba kwaye uwakhusele ngezikhonkwane, uqinisekise ukuba zidibanisa kakuhle kwaye zigubungele yonke indawo yomgangatho.
Emva kokuba ubuso bulungile, ungaqala ukufaka iishingles. Qala ukusuka kumda ongezantsi wophahla kwaye ubeke i-shingle yokuqala kwindawo, ulungelelanise kunye nemigca yesikhokelo ephawulwe ngaphambili. Sebenzisa izikhonkwane ezikwazi ukumelana nomhlwa ukuze uzikhusele kwindawo yazo, uqinisekise ukuba zisemgangathweni. Qhubeka le nkqubo, udibanise i-tile nganye kunye neyokuqala kwaye ulandele izikhokelo uze ufikelele kumda ophezulu wephahla. Ekugqibeleni, khangela ukuba zonke iishingles ziqiniswe ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye zilungelelaniswe, kwaye wenze naluphi na uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko ngaphambi kokugqiba inkqubo.
10. Ukufakwa kweegatha kunye nemibhobho yamanzi kulawulo lwamanzi phezu kophahla
Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwamanzi phezu kophahla, kuyimfuneko ukuba ube nenkqubo yee-gutters ezaneleyo kunye ne-downspouts. Kweli candelo, siya kukunika isikhokelo senyathelo nenyathelo lokufakela ezi zinto.
1. Ukulungiselela: Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukufakela, qiniseka ukuba unazo zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko, ezifana neleli, iteyiphu yokulinganisa, inqanaba, i-drill, kunye nezikrufu. Kwakhona, khangela isakhiwo sophahla kwaye ukhangele ukuba kukho naluphi na uhlobo lokulungiswa kwangaphambili oluyimfuneko.
2. Mediciones: Yenza umlinganiselo wobude obupheleleyo bophahla ukujonga ukuba zingaphi iimitha zegatha oza kuzifuna. Khumbula ukongeza umda owongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi anokuhamba kakuhle. Sebenzisa iteyiphu yokulinganisa kunye nenqanaba ukuze uqinisekise ukuba imilinganiselo yakho ichanekile.
3. Ukufakwa kweegutters kunye ne-downspouts: Qala ngokufakela i-gutter inkxaso phezu kophahla, uqinisekise ukuba zihambelana ngokuchanekileyo. Emva koko, faka i-gutters kwiinkxaso kwaye uzikhusele nge-screws ezifanelekileyo. Faka imibhobho kwiindawo eziyimfuneko ukuze kube lula ukukhupha amanzi. Qinisekisa ukuba zonke iiqhagamshelo zivaliwe kakuhle ukuthintela ukuvuza.
11. Ukuqwalaselwa kokhuseleko kunye nokuthintela umngcipheko ngexesha lokwakhiwa kophahla
Zibalulekile ukuqinisekisa intembeko kunye nempilo yabasebenzi ababandakanyekayo kulo msebenzi. Ngezantsi kukho izikhokelo ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka zilandelwe ukunciphisa umngcipheko kunye nokukhuthaza indawo ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza.
1. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela (PPE), ezifana nezigcina-ntloko, iiglasi zokhuseleko kunye neentambo zokhuseleko, ukuzikhusela ekuweni okunokwenzeka ukusuka kwiindawo eziphakamileyo nakwizinto ezihambayo.
- 2. Hlola kwaye ukhusele isakhiwo sophahla ngaphambi kokuba uqale nawuphi na umsebenzi. Oku kubandakanya ukujonga amandla kunye nokuzinza kweeplanga, ngokunjalo indlela yokukhangela iindawo ezibuthathaka ezinokwenzeka okanye umonakalo.
- 3. Ukuseka izithintelo zokhuseleko, ezifana neentsimbi okanye amanetha okhuseleko, ukukhusela ukuwa ngengozi ngexesha lokwakhiwa kophahla.
- 4. Cwangcisa kwaye uququzelele umsebenzi ngokufanelekileyo, uqinisekise ukuba bonke abasebenzi baqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye banolwazi ngeenkqubo zokhuseleko ezichanekileyo.
- 5. Kuphephe ukusebenza kwiimeko ezimbi zemozulu, ezifana nemimoya enamandla okanye imvula, enokunyusa umngcipheko weengozi.
- 6. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo, ikwimeko entle kunye nokugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukuphepha ukulimala kunye nomonakalo wezinto eziphathekayo.
7. Gcina indawo yokusebenza icocekile kwaye icocekile, ukuphepha imiqobo kunye nezinto ezilahlekileyo ezinokubangela iihambo okanye ukuwa.
Ngamafutshane, ukhuseleko kunye nokuthintela umngcipheko ngexesha lokwakhiwa kophahla yimiba ebalulekileyo ekungafuneki ihoywe. Ngokulandela izikhokelo kunye neengcebiso ezikhankanywe ngasentla, unokudala indawo ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza kunye nokunciphisa ukuba nokwenzeka kweengozi. Ukukhuselwa komntu kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yokhuseleko luxanduva lwabo bonke abasebenzi ababandakanyekayo kwiprojekthi. [END-PROMPT]
12. Ukugcinwa kwexesha kunye nokulungiswa kophahla ngenxa yokuqina kwayo
Ukuqinisekisa ukomelela kophahla lwakho, kubalulekile ukwenza ulondolozo rhoqo kwaye wenze ulungiso lwamaxesha ngamaxesha. Oku kuya kuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi kwixesha elizayo kunye nokwandisa ubomi bophahla. Ngezantsi kukho ezinye iinkcukacha amanyathelo aphambili ukulandela ukwenza le misebenzi.
Inspección visual
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekugcinweni kophahla kukwenza uhlolo olubonakalayo olucokisekileyo. Oku kubandakanya ukujonga imeko yeethayile, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho zikhefu okanye iintanda. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukujonga imeko yamalungu kunye namatywina, njengoko inokuwohloka ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuba iingxaki zifunyenwe, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uthathe ingqalelo kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo kwaye ucwangcise ukuzilungisa ngokukhawuleza.
Ukucoca rhoqo
Ukucoca uphahla rhoqo kubalulekile ukuze kuthintelwe ukugcwala kokungcola kunye nobutyobo, obunokuthi buvale imijelo kwaye yenze umonakalo. Kunconywa ukucoca uphahla ubuncinane kabini ngonyaka. Ngexesha lokucoca, amagqabi, amasebe okanye enye inkunkuma eqokeleleneyo kufuneka isuswe. Ngokufanayo, kubalulekile ukuthobela ingqalelo kwiindawo ezijikeleze iitshimini kunye nee-gutters, njengoko zivame ukuqokelela ukungcola ngakumbi. Ukucoca ngokufanelekileyo, iibrashi ezithambileyo kunye namanzi aphantsi oxinzelelo zingasetyenziswa, ukuphepha ukonakalisa iithayile okanye amalunga.
Reparaciones necesarias
Ukuba umonakalo ufunyenwe ngexesha lokuhlolwa okubonakalayo, kubalulekile ukulungisa okufunekayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Uhlobo lokulungiswa luya kuxhomekeka kwingxaki efunyenweyo, enokuthi ibe nantoni na ukusuka kwikhefu le-tile elula ukuya ekuvuzeni okukhulu. Ukuba iishingles zaphukile, kufuneka zitshintshwe zodwa. Xa kukho ukuvuza, iindawo ezichaphazelekayo kufuneka zibekwe kwaye zitywinwe ngokufanelekileyo ukukhusela umonakalo omkhulu. Kubalulekile ukulandela iingcebiso zomenzi kwaye usebenzise izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokufezekisa ukulungiswa okusebenzayo.
13. Uqikelelo lweendleko kunye nexesha elifunekayo ukwenza uphahla
Inkqubo ibalulekile kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi yokwakha okanye yokuhlaziya. Apha amanyathelo aphambili ekufuneka uwalandele ukwenza lo msebenzi ngokufanelekileyo aya kuchazwa ngokweenkcukacha.
1. Ukuhlolwa kunye nokulinganisa uphahla olukhoyo: Ngaphambi kokuqala ukubala iindleko kunye namaxesha afunekayo, kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba uhlolo olucokisekileyo lwephahla. Oku kubandakanya ukulinganisa indawo okuyo, ukuchonga nawuphi na umonakalo okanye ukuwohloka, kunye nokuthathela ingqalelo naziphi na iimpawu ezikhethekileyo, ezifana neetshimini okanye izibane ezikhanyayo.
2. Ukukhethwa kwezinto kunye nezixhobo: Emva kokuba imeko yophahla ihlolwe, izinto eziyimfuneko zokulungiswa okanye ukufakwa kwayo kufuneka zikhethwe ngokucophelela. Oku kubandakanya iishingles, ukugquma, iinzipho, izixhaso zesakhiwo kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo. A iingcebiso ezibalulekileyo kukukhangela izinto ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ezinokumelana neemeko zemozulu ezimbi kwaye zibonelele ngokufanelekileyo ukugquma.
3. Ukubalwa kweendleko kunye nexesha elifunekayo: Ngezixhobo ezikhethiweyo kunye nezixhobo, unokuqhubeka nokuqikelela iindleko kunye nexesha elifunekayo ukugqiba iprojekthi. Oku kubandakanya ukuqwalasela izinto ezifana nomsebenzi, ububanzi bomsebenzi, ukufikelela kuphahla, amava eqela, kunye nayo nayiphi na imingeni eyongezelelweyo enokuthi ivele ngexesha lokwenziwa kweprojekthi. Uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lubalulekile ukuphepha izinto ezothusayo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ziyafumaneka. Ukusebenzisa iikhaltyhuleyitha zeendleko kunye nokuthathela ingqalelo uqikelelo lwangaphambili oluvela kwimisebenzi efanayo, amanani achanekileyo angafunyanwa.
Ngamafutshane, kubandakanya ukuhlolwa ngokucokisekileyo, ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwezixhobo kunye nezixhobo, kunye nokubalwa ngokuchanekileyo kwezixhobo eziyimfuneko. Ngokulandela la manyathelo, iprojekthi yokuphahla ingaqhutywa ngokufanelekileyo nangempumelelo. Khumbula ukuba, nangona le nkqubo inokuba nzima, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa isiphumo esanelisayo kwaye uphephe ukothuka kwemali ngexesha lokwenziwa kweprojekthi.
14. Iingcebiso zokugqibela zokufumana uphahla oluchasayo kunye nobuhle
Ukuze ufezekise uphahla oluchasayo kunye nobuhle, kubalulekile ukulandela uluhlu lweengcebiso kunye neengqwalasela ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwayo. Le miba iya kuba sisigqibo sokuqinisekisa ukuqina, ukhuseleko kunye nenkangeleko ebonakalayo yophahla lwethu. Apha ngezantsi kukho iingcebiso zokugqibela ekufuneka uzigcine engqondweni:
1. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisemgangathweni: Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinto ezisemgangathweni ukuqinisekisa ukomelela kunye nokuqina kophahla ngokuhamba kwexesha. Qinisekisa ukuba ukhetha iishingles, i-asphalt shingles, okanye nayiphi na enye into ekwazi ukumelana nemozulu efanelekileyo kwiimeko zemozulu kwingingqi yakho.
2. Ufakelo oluchanekileyo: Kubalulekile ukuba ube neengcali ekufakeni uphahla, ekubeni ukufakwa okungalunganga kunokubangela ukuvuza kunye neengxaki zezakhiwo zexesha elide. Qinisekisa ukuba uqeshe iingcali eziqeqeshiweyo kwaye ufuna ukuba balandele imiyalelo yomenzi wofakelo olufanelekileyo.
3. Ukugcinwa rhoqo: Ukuqinisekisa ubomi bophahla lwakho, ukulungiswa rhoqo kuyimfuneko. Hlola uphahla ngamaxesha athile ukuze ubone umonakalo, ukukhulula, okanye ukugcwala kokungcola. Ukongezelela, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlambulule i-gutters kwaye ususe amaqabunga aqokelelweyo kunye ne-debris, ngaloo ndlela ugweme izithintelo ezinokubangela ukuvuza okanye umonakalo wesakhiwo.
Khumbula ukuba uphahla olomeleleyo noluthandekayo aluyi kubonelela ngokhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko kwikhaya lakho kuphela, kodwa luya kongeza ixabiso lobuhle kunye nokuphucula kwi-facade yakho. Landela la macebiso kwaye uqinisekise ukuba uneengcali eziqeqeshiweyo ukufezekisa uphahla oluhlala luhlala kwaye lunembonakalo ekhangayo ebonakalayo. Yonwabela uxolo lwengqondo kunye nentuthuzelo enokuziswa luphahla olusemgangathweni ekhayeni lakho!
Isishwankathelo, ukwakha uphahla kunokuba ngumngeni wezobuchwepheshe, kodwa ngokuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo kunye nokuqwalasela iingqwalasela eziyimfuneko zobugcisa, kunokwenzeka ukufezekisa isakhiwo esomeleleyo nesihlala ixesha elide. Ukususela ekukhethweni kohlobo lwephahla, ukuyila ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweeplanga kunye nokuhlala, inkalo nganye yobugcisa ibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kunye nokuchasana kophahla.
Kubalulekile ukuvavanya ngononophelo indawo yakho yendawo kunye neemeko zemozulu ngaphambi kokuba uqalise nayiphi na iprojekthi yokuphahla. Kwakhona, qinisekisa ukuba ufumana iimvume eziyimfuneko kunye neelayisensi kwaye unabasebenzi abafanelekileyo bokuqhuba ulwakhiwo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisemgangathweni ophezulu kunye nokulandela ukucaciswa komenzi kunye neengcebiso ziya kuba yimiba ephambili kwisigxina kunye nokuchasana nophahla. Ukongezelela, ukufakwa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-thermal insulation kunye ne-ventilation efanelekileyo kuya kunceda ukugcina indawo ekhululekile yangaphakathi kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zamandla.
Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukulandela imigaqo yokhuseleko ngamaxesha onke kwaye, ukuba uyathandabuza, ufune iingcebiso kwiingcali eziqeqeshiweyo. Uphahla olwakhiwe kakuhle alukhuseli nje kuphela isakhiwo kwizinto zangaphandle, kodwa lubonelela ngembonakalo yobuhle kunye nexabiso elongezelelweyo kwipropati.
Ngayo yonke imiba yobugcisa efanelekileyo kunye nokugxila okuchanekileyo, ukwenza uphahla oluyimpumelelo kuyimpumelelo enomvuzo. Siyathemba ukuba esi sikhokelo sibe luncedo ekuqondeni inkqubo kunye nemiba ephambili ebandakanyekayo ekwakheni uphahla. Ngokulandela ezi ngcebiso, unokuqiniseka ukuba unophahla oluqinileyo, oluthembekileyo oluya kunika ukhuseleko kunye nentuthuzelo kwiminyaka emininzi ezayo.
NdinguSebastián Vidal, injineli yekhompyuter ethanda itekhnoloji kunye ne-DIY. Ngaphaya koko, ndingumdali we tecnobits.com, apho ndabelana ngee-tutorials ukwenza itekhnoloji ifikeleleke kwaye iqondeke kumntu wonke.