Indlela Imoto yoMbane eSebenza ngayo

Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, ukuqhubela phambili kobuchwephesha beemoto kuye kwangenisa ixesha elitsha lokushukuma okuzinzileyo: iimoto zombane. Ezi moto zintsha ziye zayiguqula ingqiqo yemveli yemoto, ebandakanya inkqubo yokuqhubela phambili eyahluke ngokupheleleyo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ngobuchwephesha indlela imoto yombane esebenza ngayo, sijonge izinto eziphambili ezenza ukuba kwenzeke kwaye zithelekiseka njani nabalingane babo bokutsha bangaphakathi. Ngendlela engathathi hlangothi, siya kungena kwiinkalo zobugcisa ezenza iimoto zombane zibe yinto ethandwa kakhulu kwimarike yeemoto.

1. Intshayelelo kwiimoto zombane: zisebenza njani?

Iimoto zombane zizithuthi eziqhutywa yimoto enye okanye ngaphezulu, endaweni yenjini yokutsha yangaphakathi esetyenziswa ziimoto eziqhelekileyo. Ezi njini zombane zisebenza ngokubulela kumandla agcinwe kwibhetri egcwalisekayo. Njengoko umqhubi ekhawuleza, i-motor yombane iguqula amandla agcinwe kwibhetri kumandla omatshini, ukuqhubela phambili isithuthi.

Ibhetri yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemoto yombane, kuba ingowona mthombo wamandla. Nje ukuba ibhetri iphelelwe, kufuneka itshajiswe kwakhona ukuze iqhubeke nokusebenzisa isithuthi. Oku Ingenziwa ngokudibanisa imoto yombane kwisikhululo sokutshaja okanye ukusebenzisa itshaja ephathekayo. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokutshaja, umbane uphuma kwigridi yombane ukuya kwibhetri, apho ugcinwa khona de ufune ukusetyenziswa.

Inkalo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba iimoto zombane nazo zisebenzisa inkqubo yokuvuselela iziqhoboshi. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa umqhubi ecinezela i-pedal ye-brake, endaweni yokusebenzisa iziqhoboshi eziqhelekileyo, i-motor motor isebenza njengejenereyitha, ibamba amandla e-kinetic wesithuthi kwaye iguqulelwe ekubeni ngumbane. Lo mbane ubuyiselwa kwibhetri ukuze uyitshaje kwakhona, unceda ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla emoto yombane. Ukongeza, iimoto zombane zihlala zineseti yeenzwa kunye neenkqubo zolawulo ezilawula ubungakanani bamandla esetyenzisiweyo ngamaxesha onke, ngenjongo yokwandisa ukuzimela nokusebenza kwesithuthi.

Isishwankathelo, iimoto zombane zisebenza ngokubulela kwiimotor enye okanye ngaphezulu zombane ezinikwa ibhetri etshajwayo. Iinjini ziguqula amandla agcinwe kwibhetri abe ngamandla omatshini, ngaloo ndlela ziqhubela phambili isithuthi. Ibhetri ihlawuliswa ngokuqhagamshela imoto kwisikhululo sokutshaja okanye ngokusebenzisa itshaja ephathekayo. Ukongezelela, inkqubo yokuvuselela i-braking kunye neenkqubo zokulawula amandla zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezinegalelo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kwemoto yombane. Fumanisa ukuba ezi zithuthi zilitshintsha njani ishishini leemoto kunye nokusingqongileyo!

2. Injini yombane: intliziyo yemoto yombane

Imoto yombane yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwimoto yombane, njengoko inoxanduva lokuguqula amandla ombane agcinwe kwiibhetri abe ngamandla omatshini ukuqhubela phambili isithuthi. Le njini isebenza ngokudibana kwemagnethi eveliswa ngoomazibuthe, nto leyo ephelisa isidingo sokusebenzisa amafutha efosili kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwerhasi engcolisayo.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenjini zombane ezisetyenziswa kwiimoto zombane, phakathi kwezona zixhaphakileyo yimoto ethe ngqo yangoku (DC) kunye nemotor etshintshayo (AC) motor. Imoto ethe ngqo yangoku ilula kuyilo kwaye isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiimoto ezixineneyo nezinexabiso eliphantsi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-motor yangoku etshintshanayo isebenza ngakumbi kwaye isetyenziswa kwizithuthi ezinamandla amakhulu kunye nokusebenza.

Imoto yombane kwimoto yombane yenziwe ngamacandelo amaninzi, kuquka i-rotor, i-stator, imagnethi, kunye neekhoyili. I-rotor yinxalenye ejikelezayo ye-injini kwaye idibaniswe kwi-shaft yokuqhuba ukuhambisa intshukumo kumavili. I-stator, kwelinye icala, yinxalenye esisigxina yemoto kwaye iqulethe iikhoyili kunye neemagnethi ezivelisa imimandla yamagnetic eyimfuneko yokuguqulwa kwamandla. Ezi zikhoyili zinoxanduva lokuvelisa intsimi ye-electromagnetic xa umbane wombane usetyenziswa kubo, ovelisa ukuhamba kwe-rotor.

Ngamafutshane, i-motor yombane iyona nto iphambili kwimoto yombane, njengoko iguqula amandla ombane ukusuka kwiibhetri ukuya kumandla omatshini ukuqhubela phambili isithuthi. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenjini zombane ezisetyenziswa kwiimoto zombane, njengemoto ethe ngqo yangoku kunye nemoto yangoku etshintshanayo. Ekusebenzeni kwayo, i-motor yombane iqulethe yamacandelo aliqela, njenge-rotor, i-stator, imagnethi kunye neekhoyili, ezisebenza kunye ukuvelisa amandla ombane ayimfuneko ukuvelisa intshukumo.

3. Iibhetri kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwiimoto zombane

Iibhetri kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwiimoto zombane ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokusebenza kwazo. Ezi zithuthi zisebenzisa iibhetri ezinokutshajwa ngokukodwa ezilungiselelwe ukunika amandla ayimfuneko ukuqhubela phambili i-motor yombane.

Itekhnoloji yebhetri ihambele phambili kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ivumela iimoto zombane ukuba zibenoluhlu olude kunye namaxesha okutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwezi zithuthi njengoko zibonelela ngamandla amakhulu kunye nobomi obude. Ukongeza, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zolawulo lwamandla ezinceda ukwandisa ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokwandisa ubomi bayo.

Ukugcinwa kwamandla kwiimoto zombane kwenziwa ngeebhetri, ezihlawuliswa ngokuzidibanisa kumthombo wombane wangaphandle. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nobomi obusebenzisekayo beebhetri, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulandele iingcebiso ezithile, ezifana nokuphepha ukutshaja okanye ukukhupha iibhetri ngokupheleleyo, kwaye uzigcine kuluhlu lobushushu obulungileyo. Ukongeza, kukwabalulekile ukuba neziseko zokutshaja ezaneleyo, kubandakanywa nezikhululo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye neendawo zokutshaja ezisasazwe ngobuchule.

Ngamafutshane, iibhetri kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiimoto zombane. Ngombulelo kwinkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zinokubonelela ngoluhlu olude kunye namaxesha okutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Ngokulandela iingcebiso zolawulo lwamandla kunye nokuba nesiseko sokutshaja esaneleyo, ukusebenza kunye nobude bebhetri kunokunyuswa, kube negalelo kuphuhliso lokuhamba okuzinzileyo nokusebenzayo.

4. Inkqubo yokutshaja: indlela yokutshaja kwakhona imoto yombane

Ukutshaja kwakhona imoto yombane, kukho iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo Iinketho zokutshaja ezikhoyo ezihambelana neemfuno zakho. Ngezantsi siza kukubonelela ngesikhokelo Inyathelo nenyathelo malunga nendlela yokutshaja kwakhona isithuthi sakho sombane ekhaya okanye kwisikhululo sokutshaja sikawonke-wonke.

Okokuqala, ukuba ufuna ukubiza imoto yakho yombane ekhaya, kuya kufuneka ufake indawo yokutshaja. Ungakhetha itshaja yeNqanaba loku-1, ethi iplage kwindawo yokuhlala eqhelekileyo ye-120-volt. Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lokutshaja lolona lucothayo, njengoko kunokuthatha iiyure ezininzi ukutshaja ngokupheleleyo ibhetri yemoto yombane. Kwelinye icala, ukuba ujonge ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ungacinga ngokufakela itshaja yeNqanaba lesi-2, ethi iplage kwindawo yokukhupha iivolthi ezingama-240 kwaye inokuhlawula isithuthi sakho malunga neeyure ezi-4 ukuya kwezisi-8.

Ukuba ukhetha ukuhlawulisa isithuthi sakho sombane kwisikhululo sokutshaja sikawonke-wonke, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzigcine engqondweni. Okokuqala, qiniseka ukuba isikhululo sokutshaja siyahambelana nemodeli yemoto yakho yombane. Ezinye izikhululo zokutshaja zifuna ikhadi elingundoqo okanye i-app yeselula ukuze ivule ukutshaja. Nje ukuba usifumene isikhululo sokutshaja esihambelanayo, vele uvale intambo yokutshaja ye-EV yakho kwindawo yokutshaja ehambelana nayo esitishini. Qinisekisa ukuba intambo iplagwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ulinde ukutshaja kugqitywe.

5. Ulawulo lwamandla kunye nolawulo kwiimoto zombane

Ukulawulwa kunye nokulawulwa kwamandla kwiimoto zombane kuyinkalo ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo nokukhuselekileyo kwezi zithuthi. Ukufezekisa oku, ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo ezifunekayo ezivumela ukubeka iliso kunye nokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokulawula ukutshaja kwebhetri.

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo kulawulo lwamandla yinkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri (BMS). Le nkqubo ihlala ibeka iliso kwimeko yeebhetri, iqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwamandla agciniweyo. Ukongeza, i-BMS nayo inoxanduva lokukhusela iibhetri ngokuchasene nokutshaja, ukukhutshwa okugqithisileyo kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Enye inkalo ephambili kulawulo lwamandla kukulawulwa kokuvuselelwa kwamandla. Iimoto zombane zinamandla okubuyisela amandla ngexesha lokunciphisa kunye ne-braking, ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-regeneration. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukuguqula amandla e-kinetic abe ngamandla ombane, athi ke agcinwe kwiibhetri. Ukulawula kunye nokwandisa ukuvuselelwa kwamandla, iinkqubo zokulawula eziphambili zisetyenziselwa ukulawula ubungakanani bamandla ukuvuselelwa kunye nokusabalalisa kwayo kwisithuthi.

6. Ukusebenza kwamandla kunye nokuzimela kwiimoto zombane

Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokuzimela kwiimoto zombane ngumba obalulekileyo wokuthandwa kwazo kunye nokwamkelwa kobuninzi. Njengoko imfuno yezithuthi zombane iqhubeka nokukhula, kubalulekile ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla abo ukuphucula uluhlu lwazo kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabasebenzisi. Nazi iindlela eziphambili zokuphumeza oku:

1. Ukulungiswa koyilo lweAerodynamic: Ukunciphisa ukuxhathisa umoya kubalulekile ukuphucula amandla ombane weemoto zombane. Oku kubandakanya ukuyila iimoto ezinemilo egudileyo kunye ne-aerodynamic ngakumbi, ukuphepha izinto ezinokuvelisa isiphithiphithi. Ukongezelela, ukufakwa kwee-deflectors zomoya kunye nabaphangi kuyacetyiswa ukuba kwandiswe ukusebenza kakuhle.

2. Ulawulo lwamandla olukrelekrele: Ukuphumeza inkqubo yolawulo lwamandla ephucukileyo kubalulekile ukuze kwandiswe ukuzimela kweemoto zombane. Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa ii-algorithms ezikrelekrele ezilawula ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zilawule amandla agcinwe kwibhetri, ukwandisa ukusebenza kwayo kunye nobomi obuncedo. Ukongezelela, iinkqubo zokuvuselela amandla zingabandakanywa, ezibamba kwaye zigcine amandla e-kinetic avela ngexesha lokunyathela kunye nokunciphisa.

3. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezikhanyayo kunye nezisebenzayo: Ukunciphisa ubunzima besithuthi kubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokuzimela. Ukubandakanya izinto ezilula ezifana ne-carbon fiber kunye ne-aluminium alloys ekwakheni imoto kunokuncedisa ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ngokukwanjalo, itekhnoloji yokuvelisa ephucukileyo, enje ngoshicilelo lwe-3D, ingasetyenziselwa ukukhulisa ijometri yamalungu kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima bawo ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni amandla kunye nokhuseleko lwesithuthi.

Ukusebenza kwamandla kunye nokuzimela zizinto ezimiselayo ekukhetheni imoto yombane. Ngokuphumeza izicwangciso ezifana ne-aerodynamic design optimization, ulawulo lwamandla ahlakaniphile kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezilula, kunokwenzeka ukuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwezi zithuthi. Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo kule mimandla, iimoto zombane kulindeleke ukuba zibe yinto ekhangayo ngakumbi kwaye izinzileyo kwixesha elizayo.

7. Ukuvuselelwa kwamandla: indlela iimoto zombane ezithatha ngayo inzuzo yokuqhoqhobala

Ukuhlaziywa kwamandla yenye yezona zinto ziphawulekayo kwiimoto zombane. Le nkqubo ivumela amandla enziwe ngexesha lokunyathela ukuba asetyenziswe ukutshaja ibhetri kunye nokwandisa uluhlu lwesithuthi. Ngokungafaniyo neemoto eziqhelekileyo, ezilahlekelwa ngumbane we-thermal ngexesha lokunyathela, iimoto zombane ziguqula la mandla kumbane.

Ngexesha lokuvuselela i-braking, iimoto zombane zisebenzisa iimotor zombane njengejenereyitha ukuguqula intshukumo yekinetic ibe ngamandla ombane. La mandla agcinwa kwibhetri yesithuthi kwaye kamva asetyenziselwa ukunika amandla inkqubo yombane kunye nokuqhuba imoto. Le nkqubo isebenza kakuhle kakhulu, kuba isivumela ukuba sifumane kwakhona inxalenye yamandla ebeya kulahleka njengobushushu.

Ukuhlaziywa kwamandla kunika iinzuzo ezininzi kumqhubi kunye nokusingqongileyo. Okokuqala, ivumela ukunyusa ukuzimela kwemoto yombane, kuba amandla avelisiweyo ngexesha lokunyathela asetyenziselwa ukutshaja ibhetri. Ukongeza, kunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwinethiwekhi yokutshaja yangaphandle, kuba inxalenye yamandla ayimfuneko ekuqhubeni ibuyiswa ngokuzimeleyo. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwiindlela zasezidolophini, apho i-braking ixhaphakile. Ngokwemeko yokusingqongileyo, ukuvuselelwa kwamandla kunegalelo ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse ngokunciphisa imfuno yamandla eveliswa ngamafutha efosili.

Isishwankathelo, ukuvuselelwa kwamandla yinxalenye ephambili yeemoto zombane ezivumela ukunyusa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla awenziwe ngexesha lokunyathela. Le nkqubo isebenzayo ayigcini nje ukwandisa ukuzimela kwezithuthi, kodwa inegalelo ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kongcoliseko. Ngokuqhubela phambili kweteknoloji, kulindeleke ukuba ukuvuselelwa kwamandla kuya kuqhubeka nokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza, ngaloo ndlela ukudibanisa iimoto zombane njengendlela ezinzileyo yokuthutha.

8. Ukuhanjiswa kunye nokutsalwa kwiimoto zombane

Ukuhanjiswa kunye nokutsalwa kwiimoto zombane yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzeni kwezi zithuthi. Ngokungafaniyo neemoto zokutsha zangaphakathi, iimoto zombane azisebenzisi i-gearbox yemveli okanye i-clutch. Kunoko, basebenzisa inkqubo yokuqhuba ngokuthe ngqo evumela ukuba amandla ahanjiswe ukusuka kwibhetri ukuya kwimoto yombane. ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa iigiya, amabhanti okanye amatyathanga ukuhambisa amandla kumavili.

Ukutsalwa kweemoto zombane kunokuba zimbini iintlobo: i-front-wheel drive okanye i-back-wheel drive. Kwi-front-wheel drive, amandla avela kwi-motor yombane athunyelwa kumavili angaphambili, ukubonelela ukubamba okulungileyo kunye nokuzinza. Kwelinye icala, kwi-back-wheel drive, amandla athunyelwa kumavili angasemva, okuphucula isakhono sokuphatha kwaye anikeze ukuhanjiswa kobunzima obungcono.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ezinye iimoto zombane, ngakumbi ukwenza okuphezulu, sebenzisa iinkqubo zokuqhuba ngamavili amane. Ezi nkqubo zivumela ukusasazwa kwamandla phakathi kwawo omane amavili, okukhokelela ekubeni a ukusebenza okuphuculweyo kunye nokulawula kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokuqhuba. Ukongeza, ukuqhutywa kwamavili onke kukwanegalelo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokutsalwa ngcono kwiindawo ezimtyibilizi okanye ezibambekayo. Ukuqukumbela, ukuhanjiswa kunye nokutsalwa kwiimoto zombane zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwazo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ukuvumela ukuhanjiswa okuphezulu kwamandla ukusuka kwibhetri ukuya kwimoto yombane kunye namavili.

9. I-electronics yamandla: ingqondo emva kokusebenza kwemoto yombane

I-elektroniki yamandla idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwezithuthi zombane, kuba inoxanduva lokulawula nokulawula amandla ombane ayimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwawo. Le nkqubo isebenzisa uluhlu lwezixhobo zombane kunye neesekethe ezidibeneyo zamandla ukuguqula nokusabalalisa amandla. ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ikhuselekile.

Elinye lawona malungu aphambili kumandla ombane eemoto zombane sisiguquli seDC/AC, esinoxanduva lokuguqula umsinga othe ngqo ukusuka kwiibhetri ukuya kumbane otshintshanayo ukunika amandla kwimoto yombane. Lo mguquleli usebenzisa ii-transistors zamandla ukulawula ukuguqulwa kwamandla, ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukongeza kwi-converter ye-DC / AC, enye into ebalulekileyo kwi-electronics yamandla yi-inverter, ejongene nokulawula isantya kunye ne-torque yemoto yombane. Esi sixhobo sisebenzisa i-algorithms yokulawula kunye neenzwa ukuhlengahlengisa amandla anikezelwe kwi-injini ngokuhambelana nokukhawuleza okanye ukunyathela iimfuno zesithuthi. Ngokukwanjalo, inkqubo ye-elektroniki yombane ibandakanya ukhuseleko kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko, ezinje ngee-fuses kunye neesekethe zolawulo, ukunqanda ukugcwala kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuchanekileyo kwemoto yombane.

10. Izinto eziluncedo kunye nokungonakali kweemoto zombane

Iimoto zombane zineenzuzo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokungonakali okubalulekileyo ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo sokuthenga.

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zeemoto zombane yimpembelelo yazo ephantsi yokusingqongileyo xa kuthelekiswa neenqwelo zokutsha zangaphakathi. Ngokusebenzisa umbane njengomthombo wamandla, azikhuphi iigesi zombhobho ezinegalelo kutshintsho lwemozulu. Ukongezelela, umbane osetyenziselwa ukuhlawulisa iimoto zombane unokuvela kwimithombo evuselelekayo, ukwandisa ngakumbi ukuzinza kwazo. Ngokunjalo, iimoto zombane zisebenza ngamandla, kuba zisebenzisa amandla ombane amaninzi kwaye zinelahleko encinci yamandla xa kuthelekiswa neenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, enye yezona zinto zingalunganga kwiimoto zombane kukuzimela kwabo okulinganiselweyo xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. Ubomi bebhetri kunye nokungabikho kweziseko zoncedo ezaneleyo zokutshaja kunokunciphisa umgama onokuwuhamba imoto yombane phambi kokuba itshajwe kwakhona. Ukongeza, inkqubo yokutshaja ibhetri inokucotha kunokuzalisa itanki yegesi yesithuthi esiqhelekileyo. Ukongeza, iimoto zombane zidla ngokuba neendleko zokuqala eziphezulu kunezithuthi ezitsha ngaphakathi, nangona kwamanye amazwe inkuthazo kunye nenkxaso-mali zinikezelwa ukuhlawulela lo mahluko wamaxabiso.

11. Uthungelwano lokutshaja kunye nezikhululo zokutshaja iimoto zombane

Namhlanje, omnye weyona miceli mngeni inkulu kubanini bezithuthi zombane kukufumana uthungelwano lokutshaja olufumaneka lula kunye nezikhululo zokutshaja. Ngethamsanqa, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha kunye nezicwangciso zokujongana nalo mbandela kunye nokuqinisekisa amava okuhlawula asebenzayo kwaye afanelekileyo.

Olunye lolona khetho luxhaphakileyo kukuthatha ithuba lezibonelelo zokutshaja ezikhoyo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke ezifana neendawo zokupaka, iindawo zokuthenga, kunye nezikhululo zepetroli. Ezi ndawo zihlala zinezikhululo zokutshaja ezikhawulezayo nezicothayo, zikunika uguquko lokukhetha eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zakho. Kuhlala kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe izicelo okanye iiwebhusayithi ezikuxelela indawo yezi zikhululo kunye nokufumaneka kwazo ngexesha langempela.

Enye indlela kukufaka isikhululo sokutshaja ekhaya okanye emsebenzini. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uhlawule isithuthi sakho ngobusuku okanye ngelixa ukhona emsebenzini, eluncedo kakhulu. Xa ufaka isikhululo sokutshaja, kubalulekile ukuqesha uchwepheshe oqinisekisiweyo ukuba enze ukufakela ngokuchanekileyo kwaye uqinisekise ukhuseleko.

12. Ukuthelekisa phakathi kweenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi kunye neenjini zombane

Iinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi kunye neenjini zombane ziindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zokuqhubela phambili eziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezithuthi. Ngamnye uneempawu zakhe ezahlukeneyo kwaye unokufaneleka ngakumbi ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko. Emva koko, uthelekiso phakathi kweentlobo zombini zeenjini ziya kuboniswa.

Ukusebenza kakuhle: Ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kakuhle, iinjini zombane zidla ngokugqwesa iinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi. Oku kungenxa yokuba iinjini zombane ziguqula amandla ombane abe ngamandla omatshini ngokufanelekileyo ngakumbi kuneenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi, ekufuneka zisebenze kunye nemijikelo ye-thermodynamic eyenza ilahleko yamandla. Ngenxa yoko, iinjini zombane zisebenza ngamandla kwaye zibonelela ngomsebenzi ozinzileyo.

Ukukhutshwa kwegesi: Iinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi zikhupha iigesi ezingcolisayo kokusingqongileyo, njenge-CO₂ kunye ne-nitrogen oxides. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ii-motor zombane azikhuphi ngokuthe ngqo iigesi, nto leyo eyenza kube yinto enokusingqongileyo kwaye ibe negalelo ekunciphiseni i-carbon footprint. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amandla asetyenziselwa ukuhlawula izithuthi zombane anokuvela kwimithombo engahlaziyekiyo, enokubangela ukukhutshwa okungathanga ngqo.

Ulondolozo: Iinjini zombane zikholisa ukufuna ulondolozo oluncinci kuneenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi. Oku kungenxa yokuba iinjini zombane zineendawo ezimbalwa ezihambayo xa kuthelekiswa neenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi. Ngaphezu koko, azifuni utshintsho lweoyile okanye isihluzi, ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nexesha elichithwe kulondolozo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi zifuna ukutshekishwa kwexesha, ioli kunye neenguqu zokucoca, kunye nohlengahlengiso olongezelelweyo kunye nokulungiswa ngenxa yokugqoka kunye nokukhuhlana.

13. Ikamva leemoto zombane: izinto ezintsha kunye neendlela

Okwangoku, uphuhliso lweemoto zombane lufumana ukuqhubela phambili okumangalisayo ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezintsha kunye neendlela. Njengoko ihlabathi lifuna ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwayo kumafutha e-fossil kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse, iimoto zombane zizibeka njengesona sisombululo sisisigxina sokuhamba. Apha ngezantsi, siza kuphonononga ezinye zezinto ezintsha eziphawulekayo kunye neendlela eziqhuba eli candelo.

Enye yezinto ezintsha ezinomdla kakhulu kukuhambela phambili kwitekhnoloji yebhetri. Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwiimoto zombane, kodwa ngoku sibona ukuphuculwa okuphawulekayo kumthamo wabo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Oku kuguqulela ukuzimela okukhulu kwezithuthi zombane, okuvumela abaqhubi ukuba bahambe imigama emide ngaphandle kokufuna ukutshajwa kwakhona. Ukongeza, iibhetri ze-slid-state ziyaphuhliswa ezithembisa ukuqhubela phambili ngakumbi, kunye noxinano lwamandla aphezulu kunye nobomi obude.

Omnye umkhwa obalulekileyo kukudityaniswa kweemoto zombane. Izithuthi zombane zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zoqhagamshelo eziphambili ezivumela ukuba zitshintshe idatha kunye nezinye izithuthi kunye neziseko zezixeko ezihlakaniphile. Oku kunempembelelo entle ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwetrafikhi, njengoko abaqhubi banokufumana ulwazi lwexesha langempela malunga neendlela ezifanelekileyo, iimeko zendlela kunye nokufumaneka kwezikhululo zokutshaja. Ukongeza, unxibelelwano lukwavumela ukudityaniswa kunye nezicelo zeselula ezivumela umqhubi ukuba alawule kwaye abeke iliso kwisithuthi sakhe. ukude.

14. Ukuqwalaselwa kokusingqongileyo kunye nokuzinza kweemoto zombane

Ngamafutshane, iimoto zombane ziyinguqu entsha kwishishini leemoto. Ngenkqubo yabo yokuqhubela umbane, ezi zithuthi ziyakwazi ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo nangokuzinzileyo, ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukusebenza okanye ukuthuthuzela.

Intliziyo yemoto yombane ilele kwibhetri yayo ephezulu, enika amandla amandla ombane kwaye inika amandla okuhamba. Ngombulelo kwitekhnoloji yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ezi zithuthi zinokuphinda zitshajwe ngemizuzu nje embalwa kwaye zinike ukuzimela okwaneleyo ukuhamba imigama emide.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane kukwathetha ukuncitshiswa okubonakalayo kokukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse kunye nokuxhomekeka kancinci kumafutha efosili. Ukongeza, iimoto zombane zinenkqubo yokuvuselela i-braking, ethatha ithuba lamandla e-kinetic eveliswa ngexesha lokunyathela ukutshaja ibhetri, ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.

Enye imbalasane yeemoto zombane yitekhnoloji yonxibelelwano ephucukileyo, evumela ukudityaniswa nezixhobo zombane kunye neenkqubo zokukhangela amava okuqhuba ngendlela enembileyo nekhuselekileyo. Ukongeza, ezi zithuthi zibonelela ngezinto ezininzi zokhuseleko, ezinje ngeenkqubo zoncedo lwabaqhubi kunye nezakhiwo zomzimba eziyilelwe ukuxhathisa iimpembelelo.

Ngamafutshane, iimoto zombane zibonisa ikamva lokuhamba okuzinzileyo. Ngokusebenza kwazo kakuhle kwamandla, iindleko zokugcinwa okuphantsi kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo, ezi zithuthi ziqikelelwa ukuba ziqhubeke nokuthandwa kwiminyaka ezayo. Njengoko ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kunye neendleko zincipha, iimoto zombane ziya kuphucula ukusebenza kwazo kwaye zibe lukhetho olukhethwayo kubaqhubi abakhathalela indalo.