Izigaba zeempawu ze-Prehistory kunye namadoda okuQala

Imbali yangaphambili ibhekisa kwixesha yembali ubomi bomntu obususela kwinkangeleko yomntu wokuqala ukusa ekuyilweni kokubhala. Ngeli xesha, uluntu kwafuneka lujamelane nemingeni emininzi ukuze luphile kwaye luziqhelanise nemekobume yalo eguqukayo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga izigaba ezahlukeneyo zembali kwaye sivavanye amadoda okuqala ahlala eMhlabeni. Ngokusebenzisa indlela yobugcisa kunye nethoni engathathi hlangothi, siya kuntywila kweli xesha linomdla lembali ukuqonda ngcono ukuvela kwethu njengezidalwa.

1. Isingeniso kwi-Prehistory: Inkcazo kunye noMongo

I-Prehistory ibhekisela kwixesha lexesha ngaphambi kokuveliswa kokubhala kunye noluhlu ukusuka ekubonakaleni kwabantu bokuqala ukuya ekuhlanganiseni impucuko yokuqala. Linqanaba elisisiseko ukuqonda indaleko kunye nophuhliso loluntu. Ngeli xesha, abantu bebesoloko bekhangela ubuncwane bendalo kwaye bezama ukuphila kwindawo enobutshaba.

Ngaloo ndlela, isifundo se-prehistory sivumela ukuba sazi ukuba bahlala njani, zeziphi izixhobo abazisebenzisayo, bazilungelelanisa njani ngokwentlalo kunye nendlela abahambelana ngayo nendawo yabo. Ukongezelela, isinika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nokuvela kwezakhono nobuchule bomntu, njengokwenziwa kwezitya nokuzingela izilwanyana.

Ukuqonda umxholo we-prehistory, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinto ezininzi. Okokuqala, kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo imozulu nembonakalo yomhlaba yelo xesha, njengoko oku kwaba nefuthe kwindlela abantu abaqhelana ngayo nemekobume yabo. Kufuneka kwakhona sithathele ingqalelo ukufunyanwa kwezinto zakudala kunye ne-paleontological, esinika ubungqina obubambekayo bemisebenzi kunye nempumelelo yabantu be-prehistoric.

Ngokufutshane, i-prehistory linqanaba elibalulekileyo kwimbali Uluntu kunye nophando lwayo lusivumela ukuba siqonde ukuba abantu bokuqala bavela njani kwaye iindlela zokuqala zobomi zavela njani kwiplanethi yethu. Ngokuhlalutya kwemithombo ye-archaeological kunye ne-paleontological, sinokufumana ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nendlela abantu ababephila ngayo kunye nokusebenzisana ngeli xesha. Yintsimi enomdla esimema ukuba sihlolisise kwaye sifumane imvelaphi yeentlobo zethu.

2. Izigaba ze-Prehistory: I-Paleolithic, i-Mesolithic kunye ne-Neolithic

I-Prehistory yinqanaba elinomdla kwimbali yoluntu eyahlulahlulwe yaba zizigaba ezintathu eziphambili: i-Paleolithic, i-Mesolithic kunye ne-Neolithic. Ezi zigaba zimele amaxesha ahlukeneyo apho impucuko yethu yamandulo yavela kwaye yaqhelana nokusingqongileyo.

I-Paleolithic, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Old Stone Age, yathatha ixesha elide le-prehistory, ukusuka malunga ne-2,5 yezigidi zeminyaka ukuya kwi-10.000 BC Ngeli xesha, ookhokho bethu babehlala njengabazingeli-abaqokeleli, bexhomekeke ekuzingeleni izilwanyana kunye nokuqokelela ukutya ukuze baphile. Esi sigaba sibonakaliswe ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zamatye kunye nokufunyanwa komlilo, okwavumela abantu ukuba bazikhusele ebanda kwaye bapheke ukutya kwabo..

Okulandelayo kwafika i-Mesolithic, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Middle Stone Age, eyaphuhliswa phakathi kwe-Paleolithic kunye ne-Neolithic, malunga ne-10.000 - 5.000 BC Ngeli nqanaba, kukho utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwindlela yokuphila yookhokho bethu. Ukuzingela kunye nokuqokelela kwakusabalulekile, kodwa iindlela zokulima zaqala ukuvela, nto leyo ethetha ukutshintshela kubomi bokuhlala..

Ekugqibeleni, i-Neolithic okanye i-New Stone Age yaphawula ukuqala kwezolimo kunye nokugcinwa kwezilwanyana ekhaya, malunga ne-5.000 - 2.000 BC. Kwakungesi sigaba apho uluntu lwaqhubela phambili ukusuka kubazingeli abalula ukuya kwiindawo zokuhlala zezolimo ezisisigxina. Uphuhliso lwezolimo luvumele ukunikezelwa kokutya okuzinzile, okukhokelela ekukhuleni kwabemi abaninzi kunye nokuvela kwezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi zentlalo..

3. Iimpawu zeXesha lePaleolithic: Abazingeli kunye nabaqokeleli

I-Paleolithic Period, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Old Stone Age, linqanaba le-prehistory elibonakaliswe ngokuphuhliswa kokuzingela kunye nokuqokelela njengezona ndlela ziphambili zokuziphilisa. Ngeli xesha, abantu babethembele kakhulu kwindalo nakubuchule babo bokufumana ukutya. Abazingeli bePaleolithic kunye nabaqokeleli bajongana nemiceli mngeni eyahlukeneyo imihla ngemihla ukuze baphile..

• Ukuzingela: Ukuzingela kwakuyinto ebalulekileyo ukuze ufumane inyama njengomthombo wokutya. Abazingeli bePaleolithic basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule bokubamba izilwanyana, njengokulalela, umzila okanye umgibe. Babedla ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zamatye, njengemikhonto, iintolo neeharpoons, ukuzingela izilwanyana ezikhulu ezifana neemammoths neenyathi.
• Ukuvuna: Ukongeza ekuzingeleni, ukuqokelela izityalo, iziqhamo kunye neengcambu kwakuyimfuneko ukuze kuphile abantu kwi-Paleolithic. Abaqokeleli bazinikele ekufuneni ukutya kwezityalo kwindawo yabo, ukuchonga iintlobo ezidliwayo kunye nokusebenzisa izixhobo ezilula ezifana neebhaskithi kunye neemela zamatye ukuziqokelela.
• Ubomi be-Nomadic: Abazingeli be-Paleolithic kunye nabaqokeleli bakhokelela ubomi bokuhambahamba, behamba rhoqo befuna izixhobo ezintsha. Le ndlela yokuphila yabavumela ukuba balandele iindlela ezifudukayo zezilwanyana kwaye bafumane imithombo emitsha yokutya. Bamisa iinkampu zokwexeshana, besakha iindawo zokuhlala ezilula ezinamasebe nezikhumba zezilwanyana.

Ukuzingela kunye nokuqokelela yayiyimisebenzi ebalulekileyo yokusinda kwabantu ngexesha lePaleolithic Period.. Ngezi zenzo, abazingeli kunye nabaqokeleli bafumana izixhobo eziyimfuneko ukuze baphile kwindawo enobutshaba neguqukayo. Ukuxhomekeka kwabo kwindalo kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukuziqhelanisa neemeko zokusingqongileyo okusingqongileyo Yayiziimpawu ezikhethekileyo zeli xesha.

4. Uphuhliso lweMesolithic: Ukutshintshela kwezoLimo

I-Mesolithic yayiyixesha eliphambili kwimbali yoluntu, njengoko yaphawula utshintsho olusuka kuluntu lwabazingeli ukuya kuluntu olwaqala ukwenza ezolimo. Ngeli xesha, elithatha malunga ne-10,000 ukuya kwi-5,000 BC, utshintsho olubalulekileyo lwenzeka kokubili kwintlangano yentlalo kunye nendlela yokufumana ukutya.

Enye yeempawu eziphambili zeMesolithic yayikukuqala kokufuywa kwekhaya izityalo nezilwanyana. Uluntu lwe-Mesolithic lwaqala ukukhetha kunye nokulima iintlobo ezithile zezityalo, ezifana ne-cereals kunye ne-legumes, ezivumela ukuba zandise imveliso yazo yokutya. Ngaphezu koko, kukholelwa ukuba baqalisa ukuzala nokufuya izilwanyana ezifana nezinja neehagu, ukuze banelise iimfuno zabo. Olu tshintsho kwindlela yokufumana ukutya lwaba nempembelelo enkulu kwintlangano yentlalo, kuba ivumela uluntu ukuba luzimise ngokusisigxina kwintsimi kwaye luphuhlise izakhiwo zentlalo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Enye inkalo ebalulekileyo yophuhliso lweMesolithic yayikukubonakala kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Ngeli xesha, uluntu lwaseMesolithic lwaqala ukwenza izixhobo ezisulungekileyo kunye nezikhethekileyo, ezinje ngezembe lelitye elikhazimlisiweyo kunye neentloko zotolo. Ezi zixhobo zabavumela ukuba baphucule iindlela zabo zokuzingela, ukuqokelela kunye nokulima, nto leyo eyathi yanegalelo ekwandeni kwemveliso yokutya. Kwakhona kukholelwa ukuba ngexesha le-Mesolithic, iindlela zokulungisa ukutya zaphuhliswa, njengokugaya iinkozo okanye ukugcina ukutya ngokumisa okanye ukutshaya.

Isishwankathelo, uphuhliso lweMesolithic lwaluyithuba lokutshintshela kwezolimo ezibandakanya utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwindlela uluntu olufumana ngayo ukutya kwaye luzilungelelanise ngokwentlalo. Ukwenziwa kwezityalo nezilwanyana ekhaya, kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo, yayiyeyona miba iphambili le nkqubo. Ezi nkqubela phambili zabeka iziseko zophuhliso olulandelayo lwemibutho yezolimo, eya kuthi iphawule isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimbali yoluntu.

5. I-Neolithic Revolution: Iimpawu kunye neeNguqulelo zeNtlalo

I-Neolithic Revolution yayilixesha kwimbali eliphawulwe ngoluhlu lweenguqu ezibalulekileyo kuluntu kunye nenkcubeko yabantu. Ngeli xesha, elisusela malunga ne-10,000 ukuya kuma-4,000 BC, kwabakho inguqu ukusuka kuluntu lwabazingeli ukuya kuluntu lwezolimo olungahlaliyo. Olu tshintsho lwaba nempembelelo enkulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobomi bemihla ngemihla.

Olunye lweempawu eziphawulekayo zeNguqulelo yeNeolithic yayikukwamkelwa kwezolimo njengeyona ndlela yokuphila. Olu tshintsho lwalubandakanya ukukhulisa izityalo kunye nokukhulisa izilwanyana ezifuywayo, nto leyo eyayivumela uluntu ukuba lube nokutya okuzinzile. Ukongezelela, ukulima kwakhokelela ekubeni kuhlalwe ngokusisigxina ngakumbi, ekubeni kwakuyimfuneko ukuhlala kufutshane namasimi ezityalo.

Olunye utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwinkcubeko yoluntu ngeli xesha yayikukuphuhliswa kweeseramikhi kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo. I-Ceramics ivumela ukutya ukuba kugcinwe kwaye kuhanjiswe ngokufanelekileyo, ngaphezu kokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubonakalisweni kobugcisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, ezinjengamazembe kunye namakhuba, zenza imisebenzi yezolimo isebenze ngakumbi kwaye yaphucula umgangatho wobomi boluntu lwe-Neolithic.

6. Amadoda okuqala: iHomo habilis kunye neHomo erectus

Indaleko yomntu ngumbandela obangel’ umdla obufundwe kangangeenkulungwane. Ababini babameli bokuqala bohlobo lweHomo yiHomo habilis kunye neHomo erectus. Ezi ntlobo zadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinguquko yabantu kwaye zithathwa njengookhokho bethu ngokuthe ngqo.

UHomo habilis, ogama lakhe lithetha "umntu onobuchule," wayephila malunga ne-2.4 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Wayekwazi ukwenza izixhobo ezisisiseko ngelitye, ephawula isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwindaleko yomntu. Ukukwazi kwabo ukudala nokusebenzisa izixhobo kubonise inqanaba lobuchule kunye nobuchule obungazange bubonwe ngaphambili kookhokho bethu..

Kwelinye icala, uHomo erectus wayephila phakathi kweminyaka eyi-1.9 yezigidi ukuya kuma-200,000 eyadlulayo. Yayiyeyokuqala indidi ukushiya ilizwekazi laseAfrika kwaye isasazeke kwihlabathi liphela., ebonisa amandla ayo okuziqhelanisa nokusinda. Olu hlobo lukwaphawule ukuqhubela phambili okubalulekileyo kwindaleko ngokuba ngowokuqala ukuqonda umlilo kunye nokuwusebenzisa ukupheka ukutya, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa ukufumaneka kwezondlo kunye nokuphucula izakhono zokuqonda.

7. Ukuzivelela kwabantu: Ukuvela kweHomo sapiens

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo komntu ngumxholo onomdla oye waba ngumxholo wokufunda kunye nophando iminyaka emininzi. Ngobungqina bezinto zakudala kunye nofuzo, izazinzulu ziye zakwazi ukwakha kwakhona imbali yeentlobo zethu kunye nokuqonda indlela iHomo sapiens evele ngayo. Le nkqubo yendaleko ibandakanya uthotho lweenguqu zomzimba nezengqondo ezisahlula kookhokho bethu abakude.

IiHomo sapiens, okanye abantu bale mihla, kukholelwa ukuba bavela malunga neminyaka engama-300,000 eyadlulayo eAfrika. Ngokobungqina befosili, ookhokho bethu abasondeleyo yayiyiHomo neanderthalensis kunye neHomo Denisovans. Ngokuthelekisa imathiriyeli yemfuza, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba abantu banamhlanje banepesenti encinci ye-Neanderthal kunye ne-Denisovan DNA kwi-genetic makeup yabo.

Ngexesha lenkqubo yendaleko, iHomo sapiens yenze uthotho lweenguqu ze-anatomical eziye zayivumela ukuba iqhelane kwaye iphile kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuquka ukuphuhliswa kobuchopho obukhulu, obuntsonkothileyo, ukukwazi ukuhamba ngokuthe tye, nokufumana izakhono ezifana nokwenza izixhobo nokusetyenziswa komlilo. Ezi mpawu zahlukileyo ziye zasivumela ukuba senze ikholoni phantse kuzo zonke iikona zeplanethi kwaye sibe zezona ntlobo zibalaseleyo emhlabeni.

8. I-Homo sapiens yamandulo: Izakhono kunye nokuziqhelanisa

I-Homo sapiens yamandulo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-archaic Homo sapiens, yayiphila malunga neminyaka engama-300,000 eyadlulayo kwaye yayinezakhono ezininzi kunye nokulungelelaniswa okubavumela ukuba baphile kwaye baphumelele kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Aba bantu babengabazingeli nabaqokeleli abaziingcali, bekwazi ukusebenzisa izixhobo zamatye nezomlilo ukuze bafumane ukutya nokuzikhusela kumarhamncwa.

Obona buchule buqaphelekayo beeHomo sapiens zakuqala yayikukukwazi kwabo ukwenza nokusebenzisa izixhobo zamatye. Ezi zixhobo zidalwe kusetyenziswa ubuchule obubizwa ngokuba yi-lithic carving, equka ukubetha ilitye elinye ukuvelisa iiflakes ezibukhali. Ezi flakes zazisetyenziswa njengeemela, i-scrapers kunye ne-arrowheads, ukuququzelela ukuzingela kunye nokulungiswa kwenyama.

Ukongeza kubuchule babo bokwenza izixhobo, iiHomo sapiens zakuqala nazo zaphuhlisa izakhono zonxibelelwano. Kukholelwa ukuba aba bantu basebenzisa ulwimi oluthethwayo ukuze balungelelanise imisebenzi yokuzingela nokuqokelela, ukuhambisa ulwazi, nokuvakalisa iimvakalelo. Esi khono sonxibelelwano sabavumela ukuba baququzelele ngokufanelekileyo kwaye babelane ngolwazi olubalulekileyo ekusindeni kweqela.

Ngamafutshane, iiHomo sapiens zakuqala zazingabazingeli abaziingcali kunye nabaqokeleli abanezakhono ezibalaseleyo ekwenzeni izixhobo zamatye kunye nokunxibelelana ngomlomo. Obu buchule kunye nohlengahlengiso lwabavumela ukuba bajamelane nocelomngeni lwemekobume yabo, bafumane ukutya, nokuzikhusela kwiingozi. Ukukwazi kwabo ukuziqhelanisa nokusebenzisa obu buchule kubanike ithuba lokukhuphisana elibavumela ukuba babe zezona ntlobo zibalaseleyo emhlabeni.

9. Ukufuduka kunye nabemi bePlanethi: iHomo sapiens kumazwekazi ahlukeneyo

Uphononongo lokufuduka kunye nokuhlaliswa kweplanethi nguHomo sapiens kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuvela kobuntu. Nge kuyo yonke imbali, abantu baye bafuduka kwaye bahlala kumazwekazi ahlukeneyo, ukulungelelanisa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuvelisa ubutyebi benkcubeko ekhethekileyo kummandla ngamnye.

Ukufuduka kwabantu kwaqala malunga neminyaka engama-70,000 eyadlulayo, xa iiHomo sapiens zokuqala zayishiya iAfrika zaza zasasazeka kwihlabathi liphela. Ezi ntshukumo zokuqala zabemi zaqhutywa ikakhulu ngeenyawo, kulandela iindlela zomhlaba nolwandle. Umzekelo owaziwayo kukufuduka ukunqumla iBering Strait ukuya eMelika, okwavumela ukuhlaliswa kwelizwekazi laseMelika.

Njengoko ukufuduka kwabantu kwakuqhubeka, iiHomo sapiens zajamelana nemingeni eyahlukahlukeneyo yokusingqongileyo nenkcubeko. Bafunde ukuziqhelanisa nemozulu egqithisileyo, ukunqongophala kwezixhobo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphila kwilizwekazi ngalinye. Olu hlengahlengiso lukhokelele ekwahlukaneni kweenkcubeko zabantu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekudalweni kobugcisa obahlukeneyo, iinkqubo zombutho wezentlalo neenkolelo zonqulo. Uphononongo lokufuduka kunye nabemi beplanethi kusivumela ukuba sixabise isakhono esimangalisayo seHomo sapiens ukuziqhelanisa kwaye siphumelele kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.

10. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwaMadoda okuQala kunye neNdalo yawo yeNdalo

Yayisisiseko sokuphila kunye nophuhliso lwayo. Amadoda amandulo ayethembele kakhulu kwindalo ukuze afumane ukutya, indawo yokuhlala, nezinto zokwakha. Kweli candelo, siza kuphonononga ukuba amadoda angaphambili aziqhelanise njani nokusingqongileyo nokuba oku kwawavumela njani ukuba achume kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zejografi. Siza kubona kwakhona indlela olu nxibelelwano lwabeka ngayo isiseko sophuhliso olulandelayo lwempucuko yabantu.

Omnye wemiba ebaluleke kakhulu yayikukwazi ukuziqhelanisa. Abantu bokuqala bafunda ukusebenzisa ubuncwane ababebunikwe yindalo ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, bafunda ukuzingela izilwanyana ukuze bafumane inyama, ulusu namathambo, nokuqokelela izityalo ezityiwayo. Ukongezelela, baye basebenzisa izinto zemvelo ezifumaneka kwindawo abahlala kuyo ukuze benze izixhobo ezinjengamatye abukhali okusika nezikhumba zezilwanyana zempahla.

Omnye umba ophambili wokushukuma. Njengoko amaqela abantu esasazeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zejografi, adibana neemeko ezahlukeneyo zendalo. Oku kwafuna ukuba amadoda okuqala aziqhelanise neemeko ezahlukeneyo aze afunde ukusebenzisa ubuncwane obukhoyo kwindawo nganye. Ngokomzekelo, kwimimandla engaselunxwemeni, bafunda ukuloba nokuqokelela oonokrwece, ngoxa kwimimandla esezintabeni baye bavelisa iindlela zokuzingela nokuqokelela ezazilungelelaniswa kuloo mekobume. Esi sikhundla sokushukuma kunye nokuziqhelanisa sasiyimfuneko kumadoda okuqala ukuba enze iikoloni kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi.

11. Ubugcisa be-Rock: Iinkcazo zokudala zamadoda okuqala

Ubugcisa be-rock yimbonakaliso yenkcubeko eshiye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo kwimbali yoluntu. Ngamazwi okudala amadoda asekuqaleni anokufumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Le mizobo yobugcisa yenziwa kwiminyaka engamawaka eyadlulayo emiqolombeni, ematyeni nasezindongeni, kwaye zisivumela ukuba sazi indlela ookhokho bethu ababecinga ngayo kwaye banxibelelana ngayo.

Ubugcisa basematyeni bunexabiso elikhulu le-archaeology kunye ne-anthropological value. Ngokusebenzisa amanani, imibala kunye nobuchule obusetyenzisiweyo, sinokufunda malunga nobomi bemihla ngemihla, iinkolelo zonqulo kunye nezithethe zabantu bamandulo. Le mifanekiso isixelela ngamabali angobudlelwane bomntu nendalo, ukuzingela, ukuloba kunye nezolimo, kwanangentsomi kunye nezidalwa ezinamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo awayekholelwa kuzo.

Ukufunda ubugcisa bamatye, abembi bezinto zakudala kunye neengcali zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zesayensi, ezifana nokuthandana kweradiocarbon, ukufota idijithali, kunye nobuchule bolondolozo. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukukhusela nokulondoloza ezi ndawo ze-archaeological, njengoko ziyinxalenye yelifa lenkcubeko yethu kwaye zisivumela ukuba siyiqonde ngcono imbali yethu. Ubugcisa be<em>rock bubuncwane obuxabiseke gqitha esifanele sibuxabise size sibusasaze ukuze izizukulwana ezizayo zibuxabise yaye zifunde kubo.

12. Izixhobo kunye neTeknoloji: Ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kwi-Prehistory

Ngexesha le-Prehistory, abantu baphuhlise izixhobo ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe obavumela ukuba baphile kwaye baphumelele kwindawo enobutshaba. Ezi nkqubela phambili zazisisiseko kwinguquko yeentlobo zethu kwaye zabeka isiseko sokufunyaniswa kunye nophuhliso lwexesha elizayo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ezinye zezona zixhobo ziphawulekayo kunye nobuchwepheshe be-Prehistory.

- Ilitye eliqingqiweyo: Enye yezinto zokuqala kunye nezona zibalulekileyo zeteknoloji ye-Prehistory yayiyindalo yezixhobo zamatye eziqingqiweyo. Abantu bafunda ukubumba amatye ngokusebenzisa izithonga eziwalawulayo, bewavumela ukuba enze izixhobo ezibukhali njengemikhonto, iimela nezikrweqe. Ezi zixhobo zazibalulekile ekuzingeleni, ekukhuseleni nasekufumaneni ukutya.

– Umlilo: Ukukwazi ukulawula nokusebenzisa umlilo kwakukwayinto ebalulekileyo yeteknoloji kwi-Prehistory. Umlilo wawunikela ubushushu, ukukhanya nokukhusela kumarhamncwa ebusuku. Ukongezelela, yayivumela ukuba kuphekwe ukutya, nto leyo eyayiphucula incasa nokutyeka kwayo. Umlilo wawusetyenziselwa ukwenza lukhuni iincam zemikhonto neentolo, ukuze zisebenze ngakumbi ekuzingeleni.

-Ubugcisa be-rock: Olunye umboniso ophawulekayo wokuqalwa kwezinto kwi-Prehistory yayibubugcisa bamatye. Abantu benza imizobo kunye nemizobo kwiindonga zemiqolomba kunye neendawo zokuhlala zamatye usebenzisa i-pigments yendalo. Le mizobo yobugcisa ayibonisi kuphela italente yokuyila yookhokho bethu, kodwa inikezela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nendlela yabo yokuphila, iinkolelo kunye nezithethe.

Isishwankathelo, izixhobo kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphuhliswe ngexesha le-Prehistory yayisisiseko sokusinda kunye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwabantu. Ukusukela ekudalweni kwezixhobo zamatye aqingqiweyo ukuya kubuchule bomlilo kunye nokubonakaliswa kobugcisa ngobugcisa bamatye, ezi nkqubela phambili zabeka isiseko sophuhliso lwexesha elizayo loluntu. I-Innovation in Prehistory ibonisa amandla okudala kunye nokulungelelaniswa kookhokho bethu, kwaye isinceda siqonde ngcono iingcambu zethu kunye nempumelelo yezobuchwepheshe esiyithathayo namhlanje.

13. Iimpawu zoLuntu lwangaphambili: Umbutho kunye noLwakhiwo

Uluntu lwangaphambili lubonakaliswe yintlangano kunye nesakhiwo sabo esithile. Olu luntu ubukhulu becala beluthanda ukuzulazula, oko kuthetha ukuba Abazange bahlale kwindawo enye, kodwa bahamba rhoqo befuna izixhobo kunye nokutya. Le ndlela yokuphila yokufuduka yayifuna ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo lwentlalo nolwakhiwo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusinda kweqela.

Intlangano yemibutho yangaphambili yayisekelwe ngokubanzi kwizizwe okanye izizwe, ezazingamaqela abantu abazalanayo ngamaqhina eentsapho. Ezi ntsapho zincinane zadityaniswa zaba ziindawo ezinkulu, apho umntu ngamnye wadlala indima ethile ekusindeni kweqela. Eminye imisebenzi yabelwa amadoda, njengokuzingela nokukhusela iqela, ngoxa eminye yayiyimbopheleleko yamabhinqa, njengokuqokelela ukutya nokunyamekela abantwana.

Ubume bentlalo yoluntu lwangaphambili lwalusekelwe kwiminyaka yobudala kunye namava. Abadala babenendima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni izigqibo yaye babehlonelwa ngenxa yobulumko nolwazi abanalo. Ukongezelela, izithethe nemigaqo yamiselwa phakathi koluntu ukuze kugcinwe ucwangco nemvisiswano. Le migaqo yadluliselwa ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwana ukuya kwesinye kwaye yalandelwa ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukusinda kweqela kwindawo enobutshaba.

14. Izigqibo: Ukubaluleka kunye neLifa laMadoda okuqala kwi-Prehistory

Isishwankathelo, amadoda okuqala kwimbali yangaphambili adlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuziphendukeleni koluntu. Ukufumanisa kwabo, izixhobo kunye nobuchule babeka isiseko sophuhliso lwentlalo yethu yangoku. Ukubaluleka kwabo kukwinto yokuba babengoovulindlela ekusebenziseni umlilo, ukuzingela, ukuqokelela kunye nokwenza izixhobo.

Ilifa lamadoda okuqala kwimbali yangaphambili ayinakuphikiswa. Ulwazi lwabo kunye nenkqubela phambili kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nezolimo, izakhiwo kunye nobugcisa, babeka iziseko zophuhliso lwempucuko. Ngaphaya koko, ukukwazi kwabo ukuziqhelanisa nokuhlala kwindawo enobutshaba kubonisa ubukrelekrele nobukrelekrele beentlobo zethu ukususela ekuqaleni kwayo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukubaluleka kwamadoda okuqala kwimbali yangaphambili, njengoko ilifa labo lihlala kude kube namhlanje. Izinto abazifumeneyo kunye nempumelelo yabo ibe sisiqalo sophuhliso loluntu, kwaye ziye zabeka isiseko senkqubela phambili kunye nezinto ezifunyenwe kwixesha elizayo. Ukuqonda ixesha elidlulileyo lethu kusivumela ukuba siqonde ngcono ngoku kwaye sakhe ikamva eliqinileyo ngokusekelwe kulwazi kunye namava abo beza ngaphambi kwethu.

Isishwankathelo, i-Prehistory yinqanaba elikhangayo kwimbali yoluntu ebonakaliswe ngokungabikho kokubhaliweyo kunye nobukho bemibutho yabazingeli-abaqokeleli. Ngeli xesha, izigaba ezahlukeneyo zinokuchongwa ezibonisa ukuvela kunye nokuphuhliswa kweentlobo zethu.

Isigaba sokuqala, esibizwa ngokuba yiPaleolithic, sibonakaliswe ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zamatye kunye nokuzingela izilwanyana. Iihominids zeli xesha zazihambahamba kwaye zixhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kwindalo ukuze ziphile.

Isigaba esilandelayo, i-Mesolithic, ibonakaliswe yinguqu ekusetyenzisweni okukhulu kwemithombo yendalo. Ngeli xesha, ukuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji yokwenziwa kwezixhobo kuyabonwa, kunye nobungcali obukhulu ekuzingeleni nasekuqokeleleni.

Ekugqibeleni, isigaba sokugqibela se-Prehistory yi-Neolithic, ngelo xesha i-revolution yenzeke kwindlela yokuphila yamadoda okuqala. Ezolimo kunye nokufuya imfuyo ziyaphuhliswa, nto leyo evumela ukuba uluntu luhlale phantsi. Ngaphezu koko, kwavela iindlela zokuqala zombutho wezentlalo kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezisisigxina zokuqala.

Ngokuphela kwe-Prehistory, imbali ngokwayo iqala, ngokuvela kwempucuko kunye nokuphuhliswa kokubhala. Nangona kunjalo, ukubaluleka kwala madoda okuqala kunye nelifa lawo kusekho nanamhlanje. Ukufunda i-Prehistory kusivumela ukuba siqonde imbali yethu kwaye siyixabise inkqubela esiyenzileyo njengezidalwa ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ekugqibeleni, i-Prehistory yinqanaba eliphambili ekuziphendukeleni komntu, eliphawulwe ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo abonisa ukulungelelaniswa kunye nokukwazi ukusinda kookhokho bethu. Ukwazi iimpawu kunye nempumelelo yamadoda okuqala kusinika umbono opheleleyo wesazisi sethu njengohlobo.