Yintoni iKhowudi ye-ASCII?
El Ikhowudi ye-ASCII (iKhowudi yoMgangatho waseMelika yoTyelwano lweNgcaciso) yinkqubo yokubhalwa kwekhowudi yabalinganiswa eyaphuhliswa ngeminyaka yoo-1960 yikomiti yaseMelika. Injongo yayo ephambili yayikukulinganisa ukumelwa kwabalinganiswa kunye neempawu kwiikhomputha, ukuvumela unxibelelwano kunye notshintshiselwano lwedatha ngendlela ehambelanayo.
Iimpawu zeKhowudi ye-ASCII
El Ikhowudi ye-ASCII Eyoqobo isebenzisa amasuntswana asi-7 ukumela inani elipheleleyo abali-128 abahlukeneyo, kuquka nonobumba abakhulu nabancinane, amanani, iziphumlisi, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo. Aba nobumba benza imaphu ukuya kumanani apheleleyo phakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-127 ngokwedesimali, okanye phakathi kwe-00 kunye ne-7F kwi-hexadecimal.
Izandiso zeKhowudi ye-ASCII
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwavela iimfuno ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo zombane ezitsha ezazifuna inani elikhulu labalinganiswa. Ukujongana nezi mfuno, ASCII Code izandiso, ezifana ne-ASCII eyandisiweyo okanye i-8-bit ASCII, ebandakanya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-256 yoonobumba bebonke.
Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweKhowudi ye-ASCII
El Ikhowudi ye-ASCII Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwindawo yekhompyuter, kuba idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuboniseni nasekuguquleni umbhalo kwiilwimi zokucwangcisa, iinkqubo zokusebenza kunye nezicelo zesoftware. Ukongeza, sisiseko sezinye iikhowudi zomlinganiswa ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, njenge-UTF-8, ehambelana nekhowudi ye-ASCII.
Ukuqukumbela, i Ikhowudi ye-ASCII Yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokukhowuda abalinganiswa kwikhompuyutha, eye yaququzelela unxibelelwano nokutshintshiselana ngolwazi kwihlabathi jikelele. Inkcazo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwihlabathi letekhnoloji ibalulekile ekusebenzeni okuchanekileyo kwezixhobo zombane kunye nokusetyenziswa.
1. Yintoni ASCII Code?
El Ikhowudi ye-ASCII yinkqubo yekhowudi yombhalo esetyenzisiweyo ukumela okubhaliweyo kwiikhompyutha kunye ezinye izixhobo izinto zombane. I-ASCII sisishunqulelo se-"American Standard Code for Information Interchange" kwaye yaphuhliswa yikomiti ye-American National Standards Institute (ANSI) kwiminyaka yoo-1960.
El Ikhowudi ye-ASCII inika inani elahlukileyo kumbhalo ngamnye osetyenziswa kwisixhobo sokubhaliweyo, ukuquka oonobumba, amanani, iisimboli, kunye nabasebenzi abakhethekileyo. La manani aziwa njenge Iikhowudi ze-ASCII kwaye zimelwe kwi-binary (zero kunye nezinye) kwimemori nakudluliso lwedatha. Umzekelo, inani 65 imele unobumba «A», inani 97 imele unobumba "a" kunye nenani 33 imele uphawu lwesikhuzo "!".
El Ikhowudi ye-ASCII Yamkelwa ngokubanzi ngabavelisi beekhompyuter kwaye yaba ngumgangatho woshishino. Nangona i-ASCII isebenzisa iibhithi ezisi-7 ukumela abalinganiswa, ivumela inani elipheleleyo le-128 lamagama ahlukeneyo ukuba amelwe, izandiso ezifana ne-ASCII eyandisiweyo okanye i-Unicode ziye zaphuhliswa ukuxhasa abalinganiswa abongezelelweyo kunye neelwimi ezahlukeneyo. Namhlanje, i Ikhowudi ye-ASCII Ihlala isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengesiseko sezinye iinkqubo zokufakwa kweekhowudi zabalinganiswa kwiikhompyuter nakwizixhobo zombane.
2. Imbali kunye nemvelaphi yeKhowudi ye-ASCII
El Ikhowudi ye-ASCII (iKhowudi yoMgangatho waseMelika yoTshintsho loLwazi) lukhowudo umgangatho isetyenziselwa ukumela abalinganiswa kwi ikhompyutha. Yenziwe kwi-60 yi-American National Standards Institute (ANSI) kwaye ekuqaleni yayisetyenziselwa dlulisela ulwazi phakathi izixhobo ezahlukeneyo izixhobo zombane kunye nekhompyuter. Namhlanje, iKhowudi ye-ASCII isetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ithathwa njenge isiseko koninzi lweempawu iikhowudi.
Imvelaphi yeKhowudi ye-ASCII ibuyela kwisidingo sokuba ne indlela esemgangathweni yokumela abalinganiswa kwiikhompyuter. Ngaphambi kokudalwa kwe-ASCII, umenzi ngamnye wekhompyuter wayesebenzisa inkqubo yakhe yokufaka iikhowudi, eyabangela iingxaki ukungahambelani phakathi iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. I-ANSI yagqiba ekubeni iphuhlise umgangatho wendalo yonke oya kuhambelana nazo zonke iinkqubo zekhompyutha.
IKhowudi ye-ASCII ibandakanya inani lamagama angama-128, ukusuka kwiimpawu izinto eziprintwayo njengoonobumba abakhulu nabancinane, amanani, kunye neempawu zobhalo, ukuya kutsho koonobumba ayiprinteki njengeempawu zolawulo ezisetyenziselwa umsebenzi wangaphakathi yekhompyutha. Ngamnye kwaba nobumba bamelwe yi-7-bit integer, evumela ugcino lwabo kunye nokukhohlisa kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha.
3. Ubume kunye nokumelwa kweKhowudi ye-ASCII
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuqondeni indlela iikhomputha ezinxibelelana ngayo kwinqanaba labalinganiswa. I-ASCII, emele i-American Standard Code for Information Interchange, yiseti yamagama asetyenziswa ukumela okubhaliweyo kwiikhompyutha kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane.
Ikhowudi ye-ASCII isebenzisa iibhithi ezisi-7 ukumela bonke abalinganiswa, oko kuthetha ukuba Inokumela kuphela inani elipheleleyo labalinganiswa abahlukeneyo abali-128. Aba nobumba baquka oonobumba abakhulu nabancinane, amanani, iisimboli zeempawu zobhalo, kunye noonobumba abakhethekileyo abafana nesithuba esimhlophe kunye nokubuya kwekhareji. Nangona IKhowudi ye-ASCII yanamhlanje isebenzisa amasuntswana esi-8, amasuntswana esi-7 okuqala ahlala efana kwaye abizwa ngokuba yiKhowudi esemgangathweni ye-ASCII.
Ubume beKhowudi ye-ASCII Yahlulahlulwe yangamaqela amaninzi. Iqela lokuqala, 0 ukuya 31, laziwa ngokuba "ngabalinganiswa bolawulo" kwaye isetyenziselwa ukulawula izixhobo zeperipheral ezifana nabashicileli kunye neziboniso. Iqela lesibini, elinama-32 ukuya kutsho kwali-126, limela oonobumba, amanani kunye neempawu zobhalo. Okokugqibela, iqela elisuka kwi-127 ukuya kwi-255 libizwa ngokuba "ngabalinganiswa abongeziweyo" kwaye iqulethe iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ezisetyenzisiweyo. kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo kunye nezicelo ezithile.
Ukumelwa kweKhowudi ye-ASCII Oku kwenziwa ngokunika inani lokugqibela ledesimali kumlinganiswa ngamnye. Umzekelo, unobumba “A” umelwe linani lokugqibela lama-65, ngelixa uphawu lombuzo (?) lumelwe linani lokugqibela elingu-63. Oku kumelwa kwedesimali kwenza unxibelelwano lube lula. phakathi kwezixhobo kunye nokusetyenzwa kwamagama kwiikhompyuter. Ukongeza, kukho iitheyibhile ezahlukeneyo zokuguqula ezihambelana neenombolo zedesimali kubalinganiswa abahambelanayo, okuvumela ukutolika okuchanekileyo kunye nokuboniswa kweetekisi kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zekhompyuter.
4. Ukubaluleka kunye nokusetyenziswa kweKhowudi ye-ASCII kwi-computing
IKhowudi ye-ASCII (iKhowudi yoMgangatho waseMelika Utshintshiselwano loLwazi) yinkqubo yekhowudi enika inani elahlukileyo kumbhalo ngamnye osetyenziswa kuluhlu olusisiseko lwamagama asetyenziswa kwiikhompyuter. Olu seti lubandakanya oonobumba abakhulu nabancinane, amanani, iziphumlisi kunye noonobumba abakhethekileyo. IKhowudi ye-ASCII ibe sisiseko esisisiseko sokumelwa kwabalinganiswa kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha kwaye ukubaluleka kwayo kwi-computing ayinakuphikiswa.
IKhowudi ye-ASCII isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicelo zekhompyuter:
1. Ukugcinwa kwedatha kunye nokuhanjiswa: Idatha imelwe kwaye idluliselwe kusetyenziswa iKhowudi ye-ASCII, ivumela ukusebenzisana phakathi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zekhompyutha. Umzekelo, xa uthumela i-imeyile, okubhaliweyo kuguqulelwa kwiikhowudi ze-ASCII ukuze zidluliselwe kuthungelwano kwaye emva koko ziguqulelwe zibe ziimpawu ezifundeka ngummkeli.
2. Ukucwangcisa: IKhowudi ye-ASCII ibalulekile kuphuhliso lwesoftware kunye nenkqubo yekhompyutha. Iilwimi zokucwangcisa zisebenzisa ikhowudi ye-ASCII ukumela abalinganiswa kwi-syntax yabo, ivumela abadwelisi benkqubo ukuba babhale imiyalelo kunye nemiyalelo ngokungaguqukiyo.
3. Indawo yomsebenzisi: Iimpawu ze-ASCII zisetyenziswa kujongano lomsebenzisi wezicelo ezininzi kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza. Ukusuka kwiimenyu kunye namaqhosha efayile kunye namagama olawulo, iKhowudi ye-ASCII iqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu zitolikwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ziyabonakala kumsebenzisi.
Isishwankathelo, iKhowudi ye-ASCII ngumgangatho osisiseko kwi-computing evumela ukumelwa, ukugcinwa, kunye nokuhanjiswa kweempawu kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha. Usetyenziso lwayo lusukela kwiprogramu nophuhliso lwesoftware ukuya kujongano lomsebenzisi yeziceloUkuqonda ukubaluleka kweKhowudi ye-ASCII kubalulekile kuye nabani na obandakanyekayo kwinkalo yesayensi yekhompyutha.
5. Izandiso kunye nokwahluka kweKhowudi ye-ASCII
Emhlabeni Kwi-computing, ikhowudi ye-ASCII (i-American Standard Code System ye-Information Interchange) ibalulekile ekuboniseni abalinganiswa kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha. Nangona kunjalo, le khowudi isisiseko iye yavela ngokuhamba kwexesha, inika ulwandiso kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo ezandisa ukusebenza kwayo.
Izandiso zeKhowudi ye-ASCII: Njengoko iinkqubo ezintsha zekhompyutha kunye nezixhobo zaphuhliswa, kuye kwafuneka ukuba kwandiswe amandla ekhowudi ye-ASCII esisiseko. Enye yezongezo ezisetyenzisiweyo zandisiwe i-ASCII, eyongeza iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ezifana neempawu zemali, iileta ze-accented, kunye nabanye abalinganiswa abangekho kwisethi esisiseko. Olunye ulwandiso oluqhelekileyo lwandisiwe i-ASCII, esebenzisa amasuntswana amaninzi ukumela abalinganiswa abongezelelweyo, ivumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwi-encoding yokubhaliweyo kunye nokumelwa.
Ukwahluka kweKhowudi ye-ASCII: Ukongeza kwizandiso, kukho ukwahluka kweKhowudi ye-ASCII esetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Umzekelo woku yi-ISO-8859 Extended ASCII, esetyenziswa kakhulu eYurophu kwaye ixhasa oonobumba abongezelelweyo abafunekayo kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo kulo mmandla. Omnye umzekelo yi-JIS eyandisiweyo ye-ASCII, esetyenziswa kakhulu eJapan kwaye yongeza oonobumba be-Japanese ulwimi oluthile kwiseti esisiseko.
Ukubaluleka kunye nesicelo: Zibalulekile kuphuhliso lwezicelo zekhompyuter kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano. Bavumela ukumelwa kunye nokukhohlisa abalinganiswa abathile abavela kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkcubeko, eziququzelela ukwenziwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokutshintshwa kwesoftware. Ngaphezu koko, ezi zandiso kunye nokwahluka kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano olusebenzayo noluchanekileyo kwiindawo ezineelwimi ezininzi, apho abalinganiswa abahlukeneyo kunye neempawu ziyimfuneko ekuhanjisweni kolwazi.
6. Ukulinganiselwa kunye nemingeni ye-ASCII Code kwixesha langoku
Kwixesha langoku, iKhowudi ye-ASCII (iKhowudi yoMgangatho waseMelika yoTshintsho loLwazi) ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwinkalo yekhompyuter. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko iteknoloji ihambela phambili, le nkqubo ibonakala imida kunye nemingeni oko kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwayo kwiimeko ezithile. Ngezantsi, siza kuphonononga ezinye zezi zithintelo kunye nemingeni kunye nendlela ezichaphazela ngayo ukusetyenziswa kweKhowudi ye-ASCII. okwangoku.
Enye yowona mngeni ongundoqo weKhowudi ye-ASCII yeyo isethi yoonobumba abambalwa. Ekuqaleni yenzelwe ukumela iiseti ezisisiseko zoonobumba besiNgesi, ikhowudi ye-ASCII inokumela kuphela iisimboli eziyi-128 zizonke, kubandakanywa noonobumba, amanani, iziphumlisi kunye neempawu ezikhethekileyo. Esi seti silinganiselweyo senza kube nzima ukumela kunye nokutshintshana ngoonobumba kwezinye iilwimi kunye neenkqubo zokubhala, ezinokuba yingxaki kwihlabathi lehlabathi elineelwimi ezininzi.
Omnye umngeni ophambili weKhowudi ye-ASCII kweli xesha yile ukungahambelani neenkqubo ezintsha zokukhowudaNjengoko iimfuno zekhompuyutha ziye zavela, iinkqubo zokukhowuda eziphucukileyo kunye neziguquguqukayo ziye zavela, ezinje nge-Unicode. Ngokungafaniyo ne-ASCII, i-Unicode ixhasa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeelwimi kunye neenkqubo zokubhala, kunye nabalinganiswa abakhethekileyo kunye neempawu. Oku kubangele ukwamkelwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwe-Unicode endaweni yeKhowudi ye-ASCII kwiindawo ezininzi, ezinokukhokelela kwimibandela yokuhambelana kunye nobunzima xa usebenza ngeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezicelo.
7. Iingcebiso zokusingatha ngokuchanekileyo iKhowudi ye-ASCII
IKhowudi ye-ASCII (iKhowudi yoMgangatho waseMelika yoTyelwano loLwazi) yinkqubo yekhowudi enika unobumba ngamnye, inombolo kunye nesimboli esetyenziswa kulwimi lwekhompyuter ixabiso elikhethekileyo lamanani. La manani amanani amelwe kwiibhithi ezi-7 kwaye asusela kwi-0 ukuya kwi-127. Ukuze uphathe ngokuchanekileyo iKhowudi ye-ASCII, ezinye iingcebiso eziluncedo kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo:
1. Ukutolikwa ngendlela efanayo: Qinisekisa ukuba zonke izixhobo kunye neenkqubo ozisebenzisayo zitolika iKhowudi ye-ASCII ngendlela efanayo. Oku kuya kuthintela iingxaki zokuguqulela kwaye kuqinisekise ukuboniswa okuchanekileyo kwabalinganiswa.
2. Ulwazi lwamanani amanani: Ziqhelanise namanani amanani anikwe unobumba ngamnye, inombolo kunye nesimboli kwiKhowudi ye-ASCII. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba wenze ubuqhophololo kunye nokubalo ngoonobumba be-ASCII kwiinkqubo zakho.
3. Ukusebenzisa imisebenzi efanelekileyo: Xa usebenza ngeKhowudi ye-ASCII, sebenzisa imisebenzi kunye neendlela ezibonelelwe lwakho ngolwimi lwenkqubo ukwenza imisebenzi ethile. Ezi mpawu ziya kuququzelela ukuguqulwa nokusetyenzwa kwabalinganiswa be-ASCII ngempumelelo nangempumelelo.
NdinguSebastián Vidal, injineli yekhompyuter ethanda itekhnoloji kunye ne-DIY. Ngaphaya koko, ndingumdali we tecnobits.com, apho ndabelana ngee-tutorials ukwenza itekhnoloji ifikeleleke kwaye iqondeke kumntu wonke.