Ukufunda ngokungajongwanga bubuchule obusisiseko entsimini yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nokufunda koomatshini. Ngokungafaniyo nokufunda okugadwayo, okuxhomekeke kwidatha ebhaliweyo, ukufunda okungajongwanga kugxile ekufumaneni iipateni kunye nezakhiwo kwiiseti zedatha ngaphandle kokhokelo lwangaphandle. Le ndlela yokufunda umatshini ivumela oomatshini ukuba bafunde ngokuzimeleyo, bachonge ulungelelwaniso olufihlakeleyo, kwaye bavelise ulwazi oluxabisekileyo ngaphandle kwesidingo sempendulo ecacileyo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga nzulu ukuba yintoni ukufunda okungajongwanga kunye nendlela usetyenziso lwayo oluqhube ngayo inkqubela phambili kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kulwahlulo lwedatha ukuya kuphawu lokutsalwa kunye nokuveliswa komxholo.
1. Intshayelelo yengqikelelo yokuFunda okungajongwanga
Ukufunda okungajongwanga lisebe lokufunda koomatshini elijolise ekufumaneni iipateni ezifihlakeleyo okanye izakhiwo kwiseti yedatha ngaphandle kwesidingo seelebhile ezichazwe kwangaphambili okanye iindidi. Ngokungafaniyo nokufunda okugadwayo, apho uneseti yedatha yegalelo kunye neziphumo ezinqwenelekayo, ekufundeni okungajongwanga unedatha yegalelo kuphela. Le ndlela isetyenziswe xa iilebula zingekho okanye xa ufuna ukuhlolisisa isakhiwo kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwedatha ngendlela engabonakaliyo.
Obona buchule buxhaphakileyo ekufundeni kungajongwanga kukwenza amaqela okanye ukuhlanganisana. Obu buchule bujolise ekuhlanganiseni idatha kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo okanye amaqoqo ngokusekelwe ukufana kwawo. Ngokudibanisa idatha, sinokufumana ulwazi malunga nesakhiwo esisisiseko sedatha kwaye sifumane ubudlelwane phakathi kwabo. Kukho iialgorithms zokuhlanganisana ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-K-Means algorithm, i-hierarchical clustering, kunye ne-spectral clustering, phakathi kwezinye.
Obunye ubuchule obusetyenziswa ekufundeni kungajongwanga kukuncitshiswa kobukhulu. Le ndlela yobugcisa ijolise ekunciphiseni inani lemilinganiselo yedatha, ngelixa igcina ulwazi oluninzi lwentsusa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi xa usebenza ngeeseti zedatha ephezulu, njengoko kunokuba nzima ukujonga kunye nokuhlalutya idatha ngokupheleleyo. ifomu yokuqala. Ukunciphisa ubungakanani kunokunceda ukwenza lula uhlalutyo lwedatha kwaye kube lula ukubona iipateni okanye izakhiwo ezifihliweyo kuyo.
2. Inkcazo kunye neempawu zokuFunda okungajongwanga
Ukufunda okungajongwanga bubuchule obusetyenziswa kwinkalo ye kukubhadla okungeyonyani ebonakaliswa ngokungafuni ukungenelela komphathi wangaphandle ngexesha loqeqesho lomzekelo wokufunda umatshini. Ngokungafaniyo nokufunda okugadwayo, apho iilebhile okanye iiklasi zibonelelwa kwidatha yoqeqesho, ekufundeni okungagadwanga idatha ayibhalwanga kwaye imodeli kufuneka ifumane iipateni ezifihlakeleyo okanye izakhiwo ngokwayo.
Enye yeempawu eziphambili zokufunda okungagadwanga esetyenzisiweyo xa idatha yoqeqesho ebhaliweyo ingafumaneki okanye xa ufuna ukuphonononga kunye nokufumanisa ulwazi olutsha kwidatha. Le ndlela iluncedo kwizicelo ezininzi, ezinje ngokwahlulwa kwabathengi, ukuhlanganisa amaxwebhu, ukubhaqwa okungaqhelekanga, kunye nengcebiso yemveliso.
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufunda ezingajongwanga, phakathi kwazo ukudibanisa kunye nokunciphisa ubukhulu. Ukudibanisa idatha yamaqela kwiiseti okanye kumaqela asekelwe ekufaneni kwawo, ngelixa ukuncitshiswa kwe-dimensionality kufuna ukufumana umboniso ohlangeneyo okanye oshwankathelweyo wedatha, ukuphelisa izinto ezingafunekiyo okanye ezingabalulekanga. Obu buchule buvumela ukuba sifumane isakhiwo esisisiseko kwidatha kwaye sikhuphe ulwazi oluluncedo kuyo.
3. Ii-algorithms kunye neendlela ezisetyenziswa kwiSifundo esingagadwanga
UkuFunda okungagadwanga lisebe lokufunda koomatshini elinikezelwe kuhlalutyo kunye nokutolikwa kwedatha ngaphandle kwemfuneko yeelebhile zangaphambili okanye ukuhlelwa. Kweli candelo, siza kuhlalutya algorithms kunye neendlela ezisetyenziswa kolu qeqesho.
Enye yezona ndlela zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiSifundo esingagadwanga yi Clustering, ezidibanisa izinto ezifanayo zibe ngamaqela. Ukuphunyezwa kwayo kunokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa algorithms ezifana k-means o DBSCAN. Ezi algorithms zifuna ukukhethwa kwenani lamaqela okanye ukubalwa kwemigama, ngokulandelanayo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda impembelelo yezi zigqibo kumgca ophantsi.
Enye indlela esetyenziswa ngokubanzi yile Uhlalutyo lweCandelo eliyiNtloko (PCA), esetyenziselwa ukunciphisa idimensionality yedatha. Ukusebenzisa i-PCA, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane udibaniso lomgca wezinto eziguquguqukayo zokuqala ezichaza ukuhluka okukhulu kwidatha. Oku kuvumela idatha ukuba imelwe kwindawo encinci ye-dimensional, iququzelele ukuchazwa kwayo kunye nohlalutyo.
4. Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo kwiZifundo ezingajongwanga
Ukufunda okungajongwanga kunika ezininzi iingenelo kunye nokungalungi into ebalulekileyo ukuyikhumbula xa usebenzisa le ndlela kubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye neengxaki zokufunda koomatshini. Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili kukukwazi ukufumana iipateni ezifihliweyo kunye nezakhiwo kwiiseti zedatha enkulu ngaphandle kwemfuneko yeelebhile okanye iireferensi zangaphandle. Oku kuvumela ukufunyanwa kolwazi olutsha noluxabisekileyo olunokuthi lusetyenziswe ukwenza izigqibo, icandelo ledatha okanye ukuvelisa ukubonakaliswa okuhlangeneyo. Ukongeza, ukufunda okungajongwanga luncedo kakhulu kwiimeko apho kungekho mpendulo "echanekileyo" eyaziwayo ngaphambili, oko kuyenza ibe sisixhobo esinamandla kwimisebenzi yokuhlola nokufumanisa.
Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho nezinto ezingeloncedo ezinxulumene nokufunda okungajongwanga. Eyona ntsilelo ingundoqo kukusilela kolawulo nokusuphavayiza ngethuba lenkqubo yokufunda. Kuba ingaziwa impendulo "echanekileyo", iziphumo ezifunyenweyo zisenokungabi luncedo okanye zihambelane nengxaki ekhoyo. Ukongezelela, ukutolika kweziphumo kunokuba nzima ngakumbi ngenxa yokunqongophala kweemetriki zenjongo yokuvavanya ukusebenza kwe-algorithm.
Enye into engalunganga kukufunda okungajongwanga bubuntununtunu kwidatha yegalelo. I-algorithms yokufunda yomatshini engalawulwayo inokuchaphazeleka ngabangaphandle, ingxolo, okanye ukuphazamiseka kwidatha, enokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingalunganga okanye ezingafanelekanga. Kubalulekile ukwenza ucazululo ngononophelo lwedatha yegalelo kwaye usebenzise ubuchule bokusetyenzwa kwangaphambili ukunciphisa ezi ngxaki. Isishwankathelo, nangona ukufunda okungajongwanga kunika iingenelo ezininzi, kukwabalulekile ukuyiqonda imida yako kwaye uqwalasele ngononophelo ukuba ingaba Yeyona ilungileyo ukhetho lwengxaki ethile elungiswayo.
5. Imizekelo yezicelo zeZifundo ezingagadwanga kwicandelo lobugcisa
Kwinkalo yobugcisa, ukuFunda okungagadwanga kungqineke kusisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Ngezantsi, imizekelo ebambekayo yendlela obu buchule busetyenziswa ngayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa iya kuboniswa:
1. Uhlalutyo lwedatha: UkuFunda okungalawulwayo kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuhlalutyo lwedatha ukufumana iipatheni ezifihliweyo kunye nobudlelwane kwiiseti ezinkulu zedatha. Ngokomzekelo, kwishishini lokhathalelo lwempilo, ukudityaniswa okungajongwanga kungasetyenziswa ukuchonga amaqela ezigulane ezineempawu ezifanayo, ezinokunceda ekubhaqweni kwezifo kwangethuba okanye ukwahlulwa kwabantu kwiinkqubo ezithile zokhathalelo lwempilo. Ukongeza, kwintsimi yobunjineli, uhlalutyo olungagadwanga lunokusetyenziswa ukuchonga iindlela zokuvelisa imveliso okanye iinkqubo zokuvelisa.
2. Ukwenziwa kweMifanekiso: Olunye usetyenziso oluphawulekayo lweSifundo esingagadwanga kukulungiswa kwemifanekiso. Ngokomzekelo, ii-algorithms zokudibanisa ezingajongwanga zinokusetyenziswa ukwahlula ngokuzenzekelayo umfanekiso kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo okanye ukuchonga izinto ezifanayo kwingqokelela yemifanekiso. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinjengombono wekhompyuter, iirobhothi okanye uhlalutyo lomfanekiso wezonyango.
3. Ukufunyaniswa okungaqhelekanga: Ukufunda okungajongwanga kwakhona kusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa okungaqhelekanga kwiinkqubo zobugcisa. Ngokomzekelo, kwishishini ukhuseleko, iindlela zokubona izinto ezingaqhelekanga zingasetyenziswa ukuchonga ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga kwiinkqubo zokucupha okanye uthungelwano lokhuseleko. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ulumkise ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye kwangethuba malunga nezisongelo okanye izehlo ezinokubakho.
Ukuqukumbela, ukuFunda okungagadwanga kunoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kwinkalo yobugcisa. Ukusuka kuhlalutyo lwedatha ukuya ekusetyenzweni komfanekiso kunye nokubhaqwa okungaqhelekanga, obu buchule bubonakalisa ukuba sisixhobo esisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi nesiluncedo sokusombulula iingxaki ezinzima. Ukukwazi ukufumana iipateni ezifihliweyo kunye nokufumana ulwazi oluxabisekileyo kwiiseti zedatha ezingabhalwanga kwenza ukufunda okungajongwanga kube sisixhobo esinamandla kwixesha ledatha enkulu.
6. Umahluko phakathi kokuFunda okungagadwanga kunye nezinye iiparadigms zokufunda koomatshini
Kwinkalo yokufunda koomatshini, kukho iiparadigms ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa ukulungisa iingxaki ngokufanelekileyo. Enye yezi paradigms ukufunda okungalawulwayo, eyahluka kwezinye iindlela kwiinkalo ezininzi eziphambili.
Okokuqala, ngokungafaniyo ne ukufunda okujongwayo, apho kukho imizekelo yokufaka kunye nemveliso yokuqeqesha imodeli, ekufundeni okungajongwanga akukho lwazi lwangaphambili olubonisa ukuba yiyiphi impendulo echanekileyo. Kunoko, i-algorithm inoxanduva lokufumana iipateni ezifihliweyo okanye izakhiwo kwidatha ngokwayo.
Omnye umahluko obalulekileyo ufumaneka kwi umsebenzi ekufuneka wenziwe. Ngelixa imfundo ephantsi kweliso ifuna ukuqikelela isiphumo esithile kwidatha yegalelo, ekufundeni okungajongwanga eyona njongo iphambili kukufumanisa amaqela okanye iindidi kwidatha ngaphandle kokuba nolwazi lwangaphambili ngazo. Ezinye iindlela zobuchule ezisetyenziswa kule ndlela ziquka ukuhlanganisana, ukucutha ubukhulu, kunye nokubhaqwa okungaqhelekanga.
Isishwankathelo, ukufunda okungalawulwayo yindlela yokufunda koomatshini esetyenziswa kwiimeko apho imizekelo ebhaliweyo ayifumaneki kwaye apho kungekho lwazi lwangaphambili lweendidi okanye izakhiwo ezikhoyo kwidatha. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, le paradigm ifuna ukufumanisa iipateni ezifihliweyo kunye namaqela kwidatha, enokuba luncedo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nokuhlalutya ukuthengisa, ulwahlulo lwabathengi okanye ukulungiswa kwemifanekiso, phakathi kwabanye.
7. Imingeni kunye nobunzima ekuFundeni okungajongwanga
Ukufunda okungajongwanga kunika uluhlu lwemingeni kunye nobunzima obubalulekileyo ukuba buthathelwe ingqalelo xa kusetyenziswa obu buchule kwiiprojekthi zesayensi yedatha. Apha ngezantsi yeminye yemiceli mngeni eqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuyoyisa:
1. Ukunqongophala kweelebhile kwidatha: Omnye wemingeni ephambili yokufunda ngokungajongwanga kukunqongophala kweelebhile kwiidatha. Ngokungafaniyo nesifundo esisuphavayiweyo, apho kukho idatha efakwe ilebhile ebonisa impendulo echanekileyo, ekufundeni okungajongwanga, idatha ayinayo ukuhlelwa kwangaphambili. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuvavanya iziphumo kwaye kunokukhokelela ekutolikweni okuphosakeleyo. Ukoyisa lo mngeni, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iindlela zokudibanisa, ezifana ne-k-means algorithm, ukuqokelela idatha kwiindidi ezifanayo kunye nokuququzelela uhlalutyo.
2. Ubungakanani obuphezulu bedatha: Omnye umngeni oqhelekileyo ekufundeni okungajongwanga kukuphatha iiseti zedatha ezinobukhulu obuphezulu. Xa idatha ineenguqu ezininzi okanye iimpawu, kunokuba nzima ukufumana iipateni ezinentsingiselo okanye izakhiwo. Ukujongana nale ngxaki, kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe ukunciphisa ubukhulu, njengokusebenzisa ubuchule obufana neNqununu yeCandelo loHlalutyiso (i-PCA), evumela ukuba kukhethwe iinguqu ezifanelekileyo kakhulu kunye nenkcazo kwisethi yedatha.
3. Ukutolikwa kweziphumo: Umceli mngeni wesithathu wokufunda ngokungajongwanga kukutolikwa kweziphumo. Xa usebenzisa i-clustering okanye ubuchule bokufumanisa okungaqhelekanga, kunokuba nzima ukumisela intsingiselo yeqela ngalinye okanye i-anomaly efunyenweyo. Kuba sombulula le ngxaki, kucetyiswa ukuba uhlolisise iziphumo usebenzisa iigrafu kunye nokubonwayo, kunye nokwenza uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo ukuchonga ubudlelwane obunokwenzeka okanye iipatheni ngaphakathi kwamaqela okanye ukungaqhelekanga.
8. Uvandlakanyo lweziphumo ezifunyenwe ngokuFundisa okungaPhathwanga
Oku kubalulekile ukumisela ukusebenza kunye nomgangatho wemodeli eyenziweyo. Kukho iimetrics ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule obuvumela ukulinganisa ukusebenza kwee-algorithms kunye nokuthelekisa iimodeli ezahlukeneyo.
Enye yeemetrics eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iziphumo ze-clustering linqaku leSilhouette. Le metric ibala ukufana kwenqaku kwiqela layo xa kuthelekiswa namanye amaqela, ivelisa ixabiso phakathi kwe- -1 kunye ne-1. Ixabiso elisondele ku-1 libonisa ukuba indawo ikufuphi neqela layo kwaye ikude kwamanye amaqoqo, afunwayo. .
Olunye ubuchule bokuvavanya bukuqinisekiswa kwangaphandle, okufuna isethi yedatha yeelebhile ezaziwayo, ukwenzela ukuthelekisa iziphumo zemodeli kunye neempawu zangempela. Indlela eqhelekileyo yokwenza oku kukusebenzisa isalathiso seRandi esilungisiweyo, esithelekisa amaqoqo aveliswe yimodeli kwiilebhile ezaziwayo, ukuvelisa ixabiso phakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-1.
9. Ukulungiswa kwedatha kwiZifundo ezingagadwanga
Ukulungiswa kwedatha linqanaba eliyimfuneko ekufundeni okungajongwanga, njengoko kunempembelelo ngqo kumgangatho weziphumo ezifunyenweyo. Kweli candelo, amanyathelo ayimfuneko aya kuchazwa ngokweenkcukacha ukwenza ulungiso olwaneleyo lwedatha phambi kokuba kusetyenziswe iialgorithms zokufunda ezingagadwanga.
Okokuqala, kufuneka ucoce idatha. Oku kubandakanya ukususa amaxabiso angekhoyo, ukulungisa iimpazamo, ukususa izinto eziguquguqukayo ezingabalulekanga, kunye nokujongana nabangaphandle. Ukuchonga amaxabiso alahlekileyo, ungasebenzisa ubuchule obunjengohlalutyo lwexabiso elilahlekileyo. Nje ukuba ichongiwe, iirowu okanye iikholamu ezinamaxabiso angekhoyo zinokususwa okanye amaxabiso angekhoyo anokubekwa kusetyenziswa ubuchule obunje ngentsingiselo okanye i-median. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukulungisa iimpazamo kwiinkcukacha, ezifana nokuphuma kuluhlu okanye amaxabiso angalunganga.
Elinye inyathelo elibalulekileyo kwi-data preprocessing kukuqheleka. Ukuqheleka kubandakanya ukulinganisa idatha ukuze zonke iinguqu zibe kwisikali esifanayo. Oku kubalulekile kuba ezininzi iialgorithms zokufunda ezingagadwanga zicinga ukuba idatha ikwisikali esifanayo. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqhelanisa, ezifana ne-min-max normalization kunye ne-z-score normalization. Ukongezelela, kwezinye iimeko kunokuba yimfuneko ukubethelela iinguqu zecategorical kwiinguqu zamanani ukuze i-algorithms isebenze kunye nabo.
10. Uhlalutyo lwepateni kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwedatha kwiSifundo esingagadwanga
Uhlalutyo lwepateni kunye nokudibanisa idatha yindlela ephambili kwinkalo yokuFunda okungagadwanga. Obu buchule buvumela ukuba sifumane izakhiwo ezifihlakeleyo kunye nobudlelwane kwiiseti zedatha ngaphandle kwesidingo seelebhile zangaphambili okanye iindidi. Kule post, siza kuhlolisisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo zokwenza olu hlobo lokuhlalutya kunye nokudibanisa, ukubonelela ngendlela Inyathelo nenyathelo para solucionar el problema.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezisetyenziselwa uhlalutyo lwepateni kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwedatha. Ezinye zezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo ziquka ukuhlanganiswa kwe-hierarchical, i-k-indlela, kunye nohlalutyo lwecandelo eliphambili (PCA). Nganye yale ndlela ineenzuzo zayo kunye nokungonakali, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba yeyiphi eyona ifanelekileyo kwimeko ethile.
Ukuqala, kubalulekile ukucubungula ngokufanelekileyo idatha ngaphambi kokufaka naluphi na uhlalutyo lwepateni kunye nobuchule bokudibanisa. Oku kubandakanya ukwenza imisebenzi efana nokucoca idatha, ukulungelelanisa, kunye nokukhetha iimpawu ezifanelekileyo. Nje ukuba idatha ilungisiwe, ungaqhubeka nokusebenzisa iindlela zokudibanisa. Oku kunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa amathala eencwadi kunye nezixhobo ezifana ne-scikit-funda kwiPython okanye iphakheji ye-Clustering kwi-R.
11. Ukuboniswa kwedatha kunye nobuchule bokumela kwiSifundo esingagadwanga
KwiSifundo esingagadwanga, omnye wemisebenzi ephambili kukubonwa nokumelwa kwedatha. Obu buchule buvumela ukuba siqonde ngcono iipateni kunye nezakhiwo ezikhoyo kwiiseti zedatha. Ngezantsi kukho ubuchule kunye nezixhobo ezinokusetyenziselwa le njongo.
Enye yezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo zobuchule bokubonwa kwedatha kwi-Learning engaPhathwanga yinqununu yohlalutyo lwecandelo (PCA). Obu buchule bukuvumela ukuba unciphise ubungakanani bedatha, ugcine ulwazi oluninzi kangangoko. Ukusebenzisa i-PCA, izixhobo ezifana nePython zinokusetyenziswa kunye neelayibrari ezifana ne-scikit-learn. Ngokusebenzisa i-tutorials kunye nemizekelo esebenzayo, unokufunda indlela yokuphumeza obu buchule kunye nombono weziphumo ezifunyenweyo.
Obunye ubuchwephesha obuluncedo bubuninzi bemephu engaqhelekanga (t-SNE). Obu buchule buluncedo ngakumbi xa uzama ukubona ngeso lengqondo idatha kwiindawo ezinomgangatho ophezulu. I-t-SNE yabela indawo kwindawo enamacala amabini kumzekelo wedatha nganye, ngenjongo yokugcina ubudlelwane obufanayo phakathi kwabo. Njenge-PCA, i-t-SNE inokuphunyezwa kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezifana nePython kunye namathala eencwadi afana ne-scikit-learn. Ngemizekelo kunye nezikhokelo zenyathelo ngenyathelo, unokufunda indlela yokusebenzisa le ndlela yokubona idatha kwiSifundo esingagadwanga.
12. Ukufunda ngokungagadwanga ekuqapheliseni umfanekiso kunye nokwenziwa kwentetho
Ukufunda okungajongwanga bubuchule obusetyenziswa kwinkalo yokuqatshelwa komfanekiso kunye nokusetyenzwa kwentetho evumela ukukhupha iipateni kunye nezakhiwo ezifihliweyo kwidatha ngaphandle kwemfuneko yeelebhile okanye ulwazi lwereferensi. Le ndlela yokusebenza ibe sisixhobo esinamandla kakhulu kwinkalo ye kukubhadla okungeyonyani, njengoko ivumela iinkqubo zekhompyutha ukuba zifunde ngokuzimeleyo kwimithamo emikhulu yedatha engabhalwanga.
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufunda ezingajongwanga ezisetyenziswa ekuqapheliseni umfanekiso kunye nokwenziwa kwentetho. Ezinye zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kukuhlanganisana, ukuncitshiswa kobukhulu kunye nokuveliswa kweempawu. Kwimeko yokuqatshelwa komfanekiso, obu buchule buvumela imifanekiso efanayo ukuba ihlelwe ngokweendidi okanye iimpawu ezahlukileyo kwimifanekiso ukuze zichongwe. Ekuqhubeni intetho, ukufunda okungajongwanga kungasetyenziselwa ukwahlula kunye nokuhlela imiqondiso yesandi kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuphumeza i-, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise izixhobo kunye namathala eencwadi akhethekileyo kubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, njengeTensorFlow okanye i-scikit-learn. La mathala eencwadi abonelela ngeealgorithms ezichazwe kwangaphambili eziququzelela ukuphunyezwa kobuchule bokufunda obungagadwanga. Ukongeza, kukho izifundo ezininzi kunye nemizekelo kwi-intanethi evumelayo aprender paso a paso indlela yokusebenzisa obu buchule kwiimeko eziphathekayo. Ngokusebenzisa ezi zixhobo kunye nezibonelelo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane iziphumo ezichanekileyo nezisebenzayo ekuqapheliseni umfanekiso kunye nokwenziwa kwentetho.
13. Ukubaleka kunye nempumelelo ekuFundeni okungajongwanga
Le yimiba esisiseko ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ukuqinisekisa impumelelo ekusetyenzisweni kobu buchule. Njengoko iiseti zedatha zikhula ngobukhulu kunye nobunzima, kubalulekile ukuba neendlela kunye nezixhobo ezisivumela ukuba sijongane nale mingeni. ngempumelelo.
Ukufezekisa i-scalability enkulu kwi-Learning Learning, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe i-algorithms kunye nobuchule obukwazi ukusebenza kunye nomthamo omkhulu wedatha. Eminye imizekelo Ii-algorithms ezikhawulezayo zokuFunda okungagadwanga zezi MapReduce y Hadoop. Ezi zixhobo zikuvumela ukuba usasaze ukusetyenzwa kwedatha kwiindawo ezininzi, ezikhawuleza ixesha lokwenziwa kwaye ikuvumela ukuba usebenze ngeeseti ezinkulu zedatha.
Ukongeza ekusebenziseni ii-algorithms ezikhawulezayo, kukwabalulekile ukukhulisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenzwa kwedatha. Ukufezekisa oku, kucetyiswa ukuba kulungiswe kwangaphambili idatha ngokufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-algorithm yokuFunda okungaPhathwanga. Obunye ubuchule obuqhelekileyo bokuprosesa bubandakanya ukwenziwa kwedatha kuqheleke, ukususwa kwangaphandle, kunye nokunciphisa ubukhulu. Ezi ndlela zobuchule zivumela ingxolo kunye nokuphindaphinda kwidatha ukuba kupheliswe, nto leyo iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-algorithm.
14. Imikhwa emitsha kunye nenkqubela phambili kwiZifundo ezingajongwanga
Kwinkalo yokuFunda okungaPhathwanga, iindlela ezintsha kunye nenkqubela phambili zibonwa rhoqo ezisivumela ukuba siphucule inkqubo yokuhlalutya kunye nokuqonda umthamo omkhulu wedatha ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuleyibhile ngesandla isampuli nganye.
Enye yezona ndlela ziphawulekayo kwiSifundo esingagadwanga kukusetyenziswa kwe-algorithms yeqela okanye i-clustering, evumela iipateni kunye namaqela ukuba achongwe ngaphakathi kweseti yedatha. Ezi algorithms zisebenzisa iindlela zokufunda umatshini ukwahlula iisampuli kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, okwenza kube lula ukuqonda kunye nokukhupha ulwazi oluxabisekileyo.
Ukwenza uninzi lwale mikhwa mitsha, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ezinye iingcebiso. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhetha i-algorithm efanelekileyo yokudibanisa ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwedatha kunye neenjongo zohlalutyo. Ngaphezu koko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqhubele phambili idatha ngaphambi kokufaka i-algorithm, ukuphelisa izinto ezingaphandle, ukuguquguquka okuqhelekileyo kunye nokukhetha ezona zifanelekileyo. Kwakhona luncedo ukuphonononga iiparameters ezahlukeneyo ze-algorithm kwaye uvavanye ukusebenza kwayo kunye neemetrics ezifana neSilhouette okanye i-Calinski-Harabasz Index.
Ukuqukumbela, ukufunda okungalawulwayo lisebe lokufunda koomatshini elijolise ekufumaneni iipateni ezifihliweyo kunye nezakhiwo kwidatha ngaphandle kwesikhokelo seelebhile esele zikhona okanye iindidi. Ngokusebenzisa i-algorithms eyinkimbinkimbi, le ndlela ivumela ukuba sihlolisise iiseti zedatha ngaphandle kwemingcele, eyenza ukufunyanwa kolwazi oluxabisekileyo kunye nokuqonda okunzulu kwedatha.
Ngokungafaniyo nezifundo ezibekwe esweni, ukufunda okungajongwanga akufuni kubekwa esweni kwangaphambili okanye iseti yedatha ebhalwe ilebhile, iyenza ibe yindlela eluncedo kakhulu xa kungekho lwazi lwangaphambili lukhoyo malunga nedatha okanye xa sifuna ukufumanisa iindlela ezintsha okanye ulungelelwaniso kwiiseti zethu zedatha.
Phakathi kwezona zindlela zixhaphakileyo ezisetyenziswa ekufundeni okungajongwanga kukuhlanganisana, ukucutha ubukhulu, kunye nonxulumano lomthetho. Ezi ndlela zisivumela ukuba siququzelele kwaye sibone idatha ngokufanelekileyo ngakumbi, ukuchonga amaqela afanayo, ukufumana iimpawu ezibalulekileyo, kunye nokuseka ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinto eziguquguqukayo.
Ukufunda okungajongwanga sisixhobo esinamandla sokuhlalutya idatha kunye nokutsalwa kolwazi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nebhayoloji, ezoqoqosho, amayeza, kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa. Ngokusivumela ukuba siphonononge kwaye sifumane ukuqonda okuxabisekileyo kwimithamo emikhulu yedatha ngaphandle kwezithintelo, le ndlela iguqule indlela esijongana ngayo nokuqonda kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha. emhlabeni umsinga.
Ngamafutshane, ukufunda okungajongwanga kusinika ithuba lokufumana iipateni ezifihliweyo, izakhiwo kunye nobudlelwane kwidatha, ukwandisa ulwazi lwethu kunye nokusinika ukuqonda okubalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba lelinye lamasebe asisiseko okufunda koomatshini, ukufunda okungajongwanga kuye kwaba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kuye nawuphi na umntu okanye inkampani ejonge ukwenza uninzi lweeseti zedatha yazo kwaye ifumane inzuzo yokukhuphisana kwihlabathi lanamhlanje eliqhutywa yidatha.
NdinguSebastián Vidal, injineli yekhompyuter ethanda itekhnoloji kunye ne-DIY. Ngaphaya koko, ndingumdali we tecnobits.com, apho ndabelana ngee-tutorials ukwenza itekhnoloji ifikeleleke kwaye iqondeke kumntu wonke.