Yintoni i-encoding yokubini?

Ikhowudi yokubini Yinkqubo esisiseko kwinkalo yekhompyutha kunye neteknoloji. Lulwimi olusetyenziswa ziikhompyutha ukucubungula kunye⁤ nokugcina ulwazi. Nangona kusenokubonakala kuntsonkothile ekuqaleni, ikhowudi yokubini Isekwe kwingqikelelo elula kakhulu: emele idatha isebenzisa kuphela iisimboli ⁢ezimbini, u-0 kunye no-1. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ngokweenkcukacha yintoni ikhowudi yokubini, indlela esebenza ngayo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwihlabathi lobugcisa.

1. Intshayelelo kwikhowudi yokubini kwikhompyuter

Ikhowudi yokubini ibalulekile kwinkalo yekhompyutha. Yinkqubo yokumela ulwazi ngokusetyenziswa kweesimboli ezimbini: i-0 kunye ne-1. Ekuboneni kokuqala, kunokubonakala ngathi yindlela elula, kodwa ukubaluleka kwayo kusekelwe kwinto yokuba isiseko sayo yonke inkqubo yedijithali.

Kwikhowudi yokubini, inani ngalinye, unobumba, okanye isimboli imelwe ngokulandelelana kwazo kunye noziro, abakwabizwa ngokuba ngamasuntswana. Olu landelelwano lunokutolikwa ngoomatshini, njengekhompyutha, esebenzisa inkqubo yokubini ukwenza konke yemisebenzi. Ngokudibanisa amasuntswana ahlukeneyo, amanani apheleleyo, amaqhezu, oonobumba kunye nabalinganiswa abakhethekileyo banokumelwa.

Kodwa singakwazi njani ukuguqula naluphi na ulwazi lube lulandelelwano lwamasuntswana? Ukwenza oku, isethi yemithetho ebizwa ngokuba yikhowudi isetyenzisiweyo, ehambelana nesimboli ngasinye kunye nokumelwa kwayo okubini okuhambelanayo. Enye yeekhowudi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu yikhowudi ye-ASCII (i-American Standard Code ye-Information Interchange), enika ixabiso lamanani kwileta nganye, inombolo kunye nomlinganiswa okhethekileyo. Ngale ndlela, idatha ingadluliselwa ngendlela efanayo kunye nomatshini-oqondakalayo, oyimfuneko kwinkalo yekhompyutha.

2. Ukubaluleka kunye nokusetyenziswa kwekhowudi yokubini

Ikhowudi yokubini Yinkqubo esebenzisa iisimboli ezimbini kuphela, u-0 no-1, ukumela ulwazi. Isekelwe kwinkqubo i-binary numeral, eyindlela yokumela amanani esebenzisa amanani amabini kuphela: 0 kunye no-1. Nangona isenokubonakala ilinganiselwe, le nkqubo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwibala le-computing ngenxa yokulula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ⁤ yokugcina kunye Ukulungiswa kwedatha.

La ukubaluleka kokubhalwa kwekhowudi yokubini ilele kwinto yokuba sisiseko esisisiseko sobuchwephesha obuninzi kunye nezicelo esizisebenzisa mihla le. Omnye weyona mizekelo icacileyo kukusebenza kweekhompyutha, apho ⁢idatha nganye kunye nenkqubo yangaphakathi imelwe kwaye isetyenziswe ngendlela yokubini. Ukongeza, ikhowudi yokubini ibalulekile ekuhanjisweni kwedatha kuthungelwano lonxibelelwano, olufana ne-Intanethi, njengoko ivumela ulwazi ukuba luhambe. ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ikhuselekile.

Las usetyenziso lwekhowudi yokubini Zahlukene kwaye zikhona kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Kwintsimi ye-electronics, umzekelo, isetyenziswe kwiprogram kunye noyilo lweesekethe ezidibeneyo, ezivumela ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezifana neefowuni eziphathwayo, iithelevishini kunye nezixhobo zendlu. Kwakhona kubalulekile ekuphuhliseni i-industrial automation kunye neenkqubo zokulawula, apho ikhowudi yokubini isetyenziselwa ukumela amazwe kunye nedatha evela kwi-sensor kunye ne-actuators.

Ngamafutshane, i ikhowudi yokubini Yinkqubo esisiseko kwi-computing nakwi-electronics, evumela ulwazi ukuba lumelwe kwaye luqhutywe ngokufanelekileyo. Ngaphandle kokubonakala kwayo ngokulula, le nkqubo iye yaziguqula ngakumbi itekhnoloji kunye nezicelo esizisebenzisayo. kule mihla. Ukusuka ekusebenzeni kweekhompyuter ukuya ekuhanjisweni kwedatha kwi-Intanethi, ikhowudi yokubini idlala indima ephambili kwihlabathi ledijithali.

3. Imigaqo esisiseko yekhowudi yokubini kwiinkqubo zedijithali

⁢Ukhowudo lukabini lubalulekile emhlabeni yeenkqubo zedijithali. Kule post, siza kuphonononga imigaqo esisiseko yekhowudi yokubini kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwi-computing. Ikhowudi yokubini isekelwe kwi-binary number system, esebenzisa iisimboli ezimbini kuphela: u-0 kunye no-1. Le nkqubo yokumelwa kwamanani isisiseko kwindlela ulwazi olugcinwa kwaye luqhutywe ngayo kwiikhompyutha.

Enye yemigaqo esisiseko yekhowudi yokubini yingcamango yeebhithi. Intwana yiyunithi esisiseko yolwazi lokubini kwaye inokuba nelinye lamaxabiso amabini: 0 okanye 1. La maxabiso okubini asetyenziselwa ukumela amazwe ahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yedijithali, njengokucinywa okanye ukuvala, yinyani okanye bubuxoki, njalo njalo. Indibaniselwano yamasuntswana amaninzi ivumela amanani kunye nabalinganiswa ukuba bamelwe kwindlela yokubini. Umzekelo, iibhithi ezisibhozo kunye zenza i-byte, enokumela amaxabiso ahlukeneyo angama-256.

Omnye umgaqo obalulekileyo wekhowudi yokubini kukubonakaliswa kwamanani kwiinkqubo zedijithali. Ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokubini, sinokubonisa naliphi na inani kwimo yokubini, umzekelo, inani lokugqibela u-10 limelwe njengo-1010 kubini. Ukuguqula phakathi kwedesimali kunye neenkqubo zokubini sisakhono esisisiseko sokusebenza ngeenkqubo zedijithali.

Ukongeza kumanani, i-encoding yokubini iphinda isetyenziswe ukumela iimpawu kunye nolunye uhlobo lolwazi kwiinkqubo zedijithali. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo ngu-ASCII (iKhowudi yoMgangatho waseMelika yoTshintsho loLwazi), enika ixabiso lebhinari kumlinganiswa ngamnye oprintwayo kwikhibhodi. ukusuka kwikhompyuter. Olu sebenziso lwekhowudi yokubini luvumela iikhompyutha ukugcina nokusebenza okubhaliweyo kunye nezinye iindidi zedatha. indlela esebenzayo kwaye ichanekile.

Isishwankathelo, ikhowudi yokubini ngumgaqo osisiseko kwiinkqubo zedijithali. I-Bits, ukubonakaliswa kwamanani kunye nabalinganiswa, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ekugcineni kunye nokucubungula ulwazi yimiba ephambili ye Le nkqubo. Ukuqonda kunye nokulawula ikhowudi yokubini kubalulekile kuye nabani na onomdla kwi-computing kunye neteknoloji yedijithali.

4. Iingcebiso zokuqonda kunye nokusebenzisa ikhowudi yokubini

Ikhowudi yokubini yinkqubo esetyenziselwa ukumela ulwazi kusetyenziswa iisimboli ezimbini kuphela: u-0 kunye no-1. Olu hlobo lokubhalwa kweekhowudi sisiseko esisisiseko sazo zonke iinkqubo zedijithali, kubandakanywa iikhompyutha kunye nezixhobo zombane. Ukuqonda kunye nokubamba ikhowudi yokubini kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuba zisebenza njani ezi nkqubo.

Ukuqala ukuqonda ikhowudi yokubini, kubalulekile ukuba uziqhelanise neengcamango ezisisiseko. Inyathelo lokuqala kukuqonda ukuba idijithi yokubini nganye, ekwabizwa ngokuba yintwana, inokuba namaxabiso amabini kuphela: 0⁢ okanye 1. La maxabiso okubini adityanisiwe abe ngolandelelwano ukumela amanani, oonobumba, kunye nabanye abalinganiswa. Umzekelo, inani lokubini 0000 limele inani lokugqibela elinguziro, ngelixa inani lokubini 1111 limele inani lesishumi elinesihlanu.

Njengoko ufumana ulwazi oluninzi malunga nekhowudi yokubini, unokuqalisa ukuyisebenzisela imisebenzi entsonkothileyo. Inkqubo yokubini ivumela imisebenzi ye-arithmetic esisiseko ukuba yenziwe, njengokudibanisa, ukuthabatha, ukuphindaphinda kunye nokwahlula. Nangona kunjalo, le misebenzi yenziwa ngokwahlukileyo kunokuba ibiya kuba kwisistim yedesimali. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba amanani okubini amelwe njani kwifomathi yokudibanisa ezimbini, evumela ukusebenza ngamanani athabathayo.

5. Izigqibo kunye neengqwalasela zokugqibela kwikhowudi yokubini

Ngamafutshane, i ikhowudi yokubini Yinkqubo esetyenziswa kwi-computing ukumela ulwazi kusetyenziswa iisimboli ezimbini kuphela: i-0 kunye ne-1. Le nkqubo isisiseko kwintsimi ye-elektroniki yedijithali, kuba yonke idatha kunye nemiyalelo ithunyelwa kwaye igcinwe ngokulandelelana kwebit. Ikhowudi yokubini sisiseko seenkqubo zekhompyutha kwaye ibalulekile ekuqondeni ukuba ulwazi lusetyenzwa njani kwaye lugcinwe njani kwizixhobo zombane.

Ikhowudi yokubini isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kucwangciso, uyilo lwesekethe yombane, kunye nonxibelelwano lwedijithali. Ngokuguqula ulwazi lube lulandelelwano lweqanda kunye nolunye, izixa ezikhulu zedatha zinokugqithiswa kwaye zigcinwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ngaphaya koko, le khowudi yenza isiseko solwimi lwenkqubo kunye nokusebenza okunengqiqo esetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha.

Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba nangona ⁤inkqubo yokubhala ikhowudi yokubini isenokubonakala intsonkothile ekuqaleni, ingundoqo⁢ kwihlabathi lekhompyutha. Ngombulelo kolu khowudi, iikhomputha ezinamandla ngakumbi kunye nezixhobo zombane eziphucukileyo ziye zaphuhliswa. Ngapha koko, ulwazi lwekhowudi yokubini lusivumela ukuba siqonde ukuba idatha ihanjiswa njani kuthungelwano lonxibelelwano kunye nendlela egcinwa ngayo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zememori.