Yintoni i-satellite transmission?

Yintoni uthumelo lwesathelayithi? Ugqithiso lwesathelayithi⁢ lubhekisa kunxibelelwano lwemiqondiso, idatha okanye ulwazi ngeesathelayithi ezenziweyo kwi-orbit⁤ yoMhlaba. Le ndlela yokuhambisa isebenzisa iteknoloji yesathelayithi ukusasaza isandi, ividiyo, kunye nemiqondiso yedatha kumgama omde, nto leyo eyenza ibe sisixhobo esisisiseko sonxibelelwano lwehlabathi. ⁢Usasazo lwesathelayithi lusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezohlukeneyo, ezinjengothungelwano ngomnxeba, umabonakude wesathelayithi, ⁤Ukukhangela kweGPS, imozulu, kunye nophando lwezenzululwazi.

Kuthungelwano lwesathelayithi, ulwazi luthunyelwa ukusuka kwindawo yemvelaphi ukuya kwisathelayithi kwi-orbit, ethi emva koko ithumele umqondiso kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo kwenye indawo eMhlabeni. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa amaza e-electromagnetic athunyelwa ukusuka kwi-eriyali esemhlabeni ukuya kwisathelayithi. Isathelayithi ifumana kwaye ikhulise isignali emva koko iyidlulisele eMhlabeni ngenye i-eriyali. Lo mqondiso unokubanjwa kwakhona nge-eriyali esemhlabeni kwaye iqhutywe ukuze isetyenziswe.

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zothumelo lwesathelayithi kukukwazi ukoyisa imida yejografi kunye nemigama zonxibelelwano lwehlabathi. Ngokungafaniyo nothungelwano lomhlaba, olusebenza phezu kweentambo okanye iifiber optics, iisathelayithi ezenziweyo zinokugubungela iindawo ezinkulu zejografi kwaye zifike kwimimandla ekude apho iziseko zonxibelelwano zisikelwe umda okanye zingekho. Oku kwenza ukuba usasazo lwesathelayithi lube luncedo ngakumbi emaphandleni, elwandle, okanye kwimimandla yeentaba.

La tecnología satelital iye yahambela phambili ngakumbi kwaye yaphucuka ngokuhamba kweminyaka⁢. Iisathelayithi zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokwamkela kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla aphezulu, kunye nee-antenna ezikhokelayo ezivumela unxibelelwano olusebenzayo noluthembekileyo. Ukongezelela, ukuhambela phambili kweteknoloji yoxinzelelo lwedatha kwenze ukuba kube lula ukusasaza ulwazi oluninzi ngeesathelayithi, nto leyo ekhokelele ekuphuhliseni iinkonzo ezifana nomabonwakude kunye ne-intanethi.

Ngokufutshane, ukuhanjiswa kwesathelayithi yindlela yonxibelelwano esebenzisa iisathelayithi ezenziweyo ukuthumela imiqondiso, idatha kunye nolwazi ngamaza ombane. Le teknoloji yenza kube lula ukoyisa imida yejografi kunye nomgama wonxibelelwano lomhlaba, ukufikelela kwiindawo ezikude kunye nokubonelela ngonxibelelwano, iinkonzo zikamabonwakude nokunye. Itekhnoloji yesathelayithi iye yavela kwaye iye yaphucuka ngakumbi, yenza ukuba unxibelelwano olusebenzayo noluthembekileyo kwinqanaba lehlabathi.

1. Intshayelelo kuthumelo lwesathelayithi

A ukuhanjiswa kwesathelayithi ibhekisa kwinkqubo yokuthumela idatha, isandi okanye imiqondiso yevidiyo ngesathelayithi kumamkeli osemhlabeni. Olu hlobo losasazo luye lwaba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kumashishini amaninzi, njengonxibelelwano, umabonwakude nonomathotholo. Iisathelayithi zisebenza njengezinto eziphinda-phindayo esithubeni, zibamba kwaye ziphinde zidlulise iisignali kwindawo ebanzi yokhuselo lwejografi.

Ukusetyenziswa kokuhanjiswa kwesathelayithi kuneenzuzo ezininzi. Enye yezona ziphambili yi cobertura global ukuba banikele. Iisathelayithi zinako ukusasaza imiqondiso naphi na emhlabeni, zizenze zibe lukhetho olukhethwayo lokusasaza imisitho ephilayo, efana neekonsathi, iitumente zemidlalo, okanye iinkomfa. akukho ziseko zonxibelelwano zomhlaba.

Inkqubo yokusasaza ngesathelayithi yahlulwe yangamanqanaba amabini aphambili: usulelo oluphezulu kwaye i usulelo oluya ezantsi. Ugqithiso lomlambo lubhekiselele ekuthumeleni imiqondiso esuka kwisikhululo somhlaba ukuya kwisathelayithi, ngelixa uthumelo lomlambo lubandakanya ukuthumela imiqondiso esuka kwisathelayithi ukuya kubamkeli abaseMhlabeni. Ebudeni bala manqanaba, imiqondiso iguqulelwa kwiifrikhwensi ezithile kwaye imodareyithwe ukuze idluliselwe esithubeni. Ukongeza, iisathelayithi zisebenzisa ii-eriyali ezininzi kunye namajelo okwandisa umgangatho wesiginali kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okuthembekileyo.

2. ⁢Ukusebenza kosasazo lwesathelayithi

Una ‌ ukuhanjiswa kwesathelayithi Yinkqubo yonxibelelwano esebenzisa⁤ iisathelayithi ezingezizo ezokwenziwa ukuthumela nokufumana isandi, ividiyo kunye neempawu zedatha. Olu hlobo lobuchwepheshe⁤ lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo apho uxhulumaniso lwehlabathi lunzima okanye⁢ lubiza ukuphumeza. Iisathelayithi zisebenza ngathi abaphinda indawo efumana umqondiso othunyelwe ukusuka kwisikhululo esisezantsi kwaye ugqithiselwe kwesinye isikhululo esisezantsi kwindawo eyahlukileyo.

El funcionamiento yosasazo lwesathelayithi lusekwe kwikhonkco lonxibelelwano elibandakanya izigaba ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, imiqondiso ithunyelwa kumthombo, njengekhamera kamabonwakude okanye i-microphone, nge- isikhululo esisezantsi hasta un isathelayithi. Xa sele isemajukujukwini, isathelayithi ikhulisa ize ithumele kwakhona imiqondiso kwenye okanye ngaphezulu ukufumana izikhululo zomhlaba ibekwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zejografi.

Iisathelayithi ezisetyenziswa kwisathelayithi⁤ usasazo ziyilelwe ukujikeleza umhlaba⁢ a i-geostationary orbit, oko kuthetha ukuba Bahlala kwindawo esisigxina kwi-ikhweyitha. Oku kuvumela imiqondiso ukuba isasazwe ngokukhulu⁤ ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho, ekubeni izikhululo zomhlaba akufuneki zihlale zilungelelanisa ukuqhelaniswa kwazo ukuze zifumane umqondiso. Ngaphaya koko, iisathelayithi zixhotyiswe nge antenas ezibavumela ukuba bamkele kwaye bagqithise iimpawu ezininzi zombini, okwandisa amandla akho okunxibelelana.

3. Ukusetyenziswa kunye neenzuzo zothumelo lwesathelayithi

Ugqithiso lwesathelayithi ⁤ ibhekisa ekuthunyelweni kwemiqondiso kunye nedatha ngesathelayithi ejikeleza umhlaba. Olu dluliselo lusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kunxibelelwano lomnxeba ukuya kusasazo lukamabonakude nonomathotholo. Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zokuhanjiswa kwesathelayithi kukukwazi ukufikelela kwiindawo ezikude apho iziseko zophuhliso ezisemhlabeni zilinganiselwe okanye zingekho.

Enye yezicelo eziqhelekileyo ⁢Usasazo lwesathelayithi ngumabonakude wesathelayithi.⁢ Iimpawu zikamabonakude zinokusasazwa ukusuka kwisikhululo esisezantsi ukuya kwisathelayithi kwaye emva koko idluliselwe kwizitya zesathelayithi ezindlini. Oku kuvumela abantu abasemaphandleni okanye kwiindawo ezikude ukuba bafikelele kuluhlu olubanzi lwamajelo kunye neenkqubo. Ukongezelela, ukuhanjiswa kwesathelayithi kunika umfanekiso ophezulu kunye nomgangatho ozwakalayo kuneempawu zendabuko zomhlaba, eziphucula amava okubukela.

Olunye usetyenziso olubalulekileyo losasazo lwesathelayithi lunxibelelwano lwehlabathi. Iinkampani kunye nemibutho zisebenzisa olu dluliselo ukuseka uthungelwano lonxibelelwano kwihlabathi jikelele. Iisathelayithi zivumela ukuhanjiswa kwelizwi, idatha kunye nevidiyo ngaphakathi Ixesha elilungile, eququzelela unxibelelwano lwexesha lokwenyani phakathi kwamasebe ahlukeneyo okanye amaqabane oshishino abekwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo okanye kumashishini afuna unxibelelwano oluqhubekayo nolukhuselekileyo.

Isishwankathelo, ukuhanjiswa kwesathelayithi yitekhnoloji eguquguqukayo kwaye enamandla enikezela ngezicelo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenzuzo. Ukusuka kumabonakude wesathelayithi ukuya kunxibelelwano lwehlabathi, olu lusasazo luvumela ukufikelela kulwazi kunye neenkonzo kwiindawo ezikude apho iziseko ezingundoqo zomhlaba zilinganiselwe. Ukongeza, banikezela ngomfanekiso ophakamileyo kunye nomgangatho wesandi kwaye baququzelele unxibelelwano lwexesha lokwenyani kwihlabathi liphela.

4. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zothumelo lwesathelayithi

A ukuhanjiswa kwesathelayithi ibhekisa kunxibelelwano lweaudio, ividiyo okanye imiqondiso yedatha ethunyelwe⁢ isuka kwenye indawo yemvelaphi ngesathelayithi esithubeni ize yamkelwe kwenye indawo echongiweyo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze ukuhanjiswa kwesathelayithi ezisetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo kunye nezicelo. Apha ngezantsi zezinye zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zothumelo lwesathelayithi kunye neempawu zazo eziphambili:

Usasazo oluNgqo ukuya eKhaya (DTH): ⁢Olu hlobo losasazo lusetyenziswa ikakhulu kushishino lukamabonakude wesathelayithi. Ivumela ababukeli ukuba bafumane imiqondiso kamabonwakude neyerediyo ngqo kumakhaya abo ngesitya sesathelayithi. Ugqithiso lwenziwa kwisathelayithi ukuya kumamkeli kamabonakude Ekhaya yomsebenzisi, ngaphandle kwemfuneko yeentambo ezongezelelweyo. Oku kubonelela ngenani elikhulu letshaneli kunye nokhuseleko olubanzi.

Ikhonkco kunye nekhonkco elisezantsi: Olu hlobo losasazo lusetyenziswa kunxibelelwano lwesathelayithi ukuthumela nokwamkela imiqondiso. I-Uplink ibhekisa ekuthumeleni imiqondiso esuka kwisikhululo esisezantsi ukuya kwisathelayithi esesithubeni. I-Downlink, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibhekisela ekwamkelweni kwezibonakaliso ukusuka kwisathelayithi ukuya kwisikhululo esithile somhlaba. Olu hlobo losasazo lusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifana nemfonomfono, unxibelelwano lwasemkhosini, kunye nosasazo lukamabonakude lwehlabathi.

5. Iingqwalasela eziphambili xa ukhetha usasazo lwesathelayithi

Ugqithiso lwesathelayithi ​bubuchwephesha bonxibelelwano⁢ obusebenzisa iisathelayithi zokwenziwa ukuthumela isandi, ividiyo okanye imiqondiso yedatha kwindawo ethile eMhlabeni. Le teknoloji iye yatshintsha indlela esinxibelelana ngayo kunye nokufikelela kulwazi kwihlabathi liphela. Xa ukhetha ukuhanjiswa kwesathelayithi, kukho iingqwalasela ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe uxhulumaniso oluthembekileyo kunye umgangatho ophezulu.

Ingqwalasela yokuqala ephambili kukuqinisekisa injongo yosasazo ngesathelayithi. Ngaba ujonge ukusasaza iminyhadala ephilayo, ukunxibelelana namasebe akude, okanye ukufikelela kumxholo wemultimedia ekumgangatho ophezulu? Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho, kuya kufuneka ukhethe uhlobo olufanelekileyo lothumelo lwesathelayithi. Kukho ukuhanjiswa kwe-unidirectional okuvumela kuphela ukufumana ulwazi kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-bidirectional okuvumela kokubili ukwamkelwa kunye nokuhanjiswa kwedatha.

Otro factor importante ukuqwalasela lukhuselo ⁤kunye⁢ nomthamo wesathelayithi. Kuba iisathelayithi zisemajukujukwini, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ⁢ukuba kukho ukhuselo olwaneleyo kwindawo yakho yejografi. Ukongeza, kufuneka uvavanye ukukwazi kwesathelayithi ukuphatha umthamo wedatha ofuna ukuyihambisa okanye ukuyifumana. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba uceba ukusebenzisa ukuhanjiswa kwesathelayithi kusasazo oluphilayo okanye kwizicelo zoshishino ezifuna i-bandwidth ephezulu. Ukwenza uphando olucokisekileyo malunga nababoneleli ngeenkonzo zesathelayithi kunye neziseko zophuhliso ezifumanekayo kubalulekile ukwenza esona sigqibo silungileyo.

Ngamafutshane, xa ukhetha i ukuhanjiswa kwesathelayithi, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela injongo yothumelo, ukugubungela kunye nomthamo wesathelayithi. Ukuvavanya olu qwalaselo lungundoqo luyakunceda ukhethe eyona ⁢ ukhetho⁢ kwiimfuno zakho. Khumbula ukuba ayilulo lonke usasazo lwesathelayithi olwenziwa ngokulinganayo, ke yenza uphando lwakho kwaye uthelekise iinketho ezikhoyo. kwimarike ngeyona nkonzo ingcono⁢ enokwenzeka.​ Uthumelo lwesathelayithi oluthembekileyo, olukumgangatho ophezulu lunokubonelela—uqhagamshelwano lwehlabathi ⁢kunye ⁤⁤olusebenzayo⁤⁤ ngamaxesha onke.

6. Ukuphunyezwa kothumelo lwesathelayithi olusebenzayo

La ibhekisa kwinkqubo yokuseka nokugcina uthungelwano lonxibelelwano ngokusetyenziswa kweesathelayithi ezenziweyo kwi-Earth orbit. Ngale nkqubo, ulwazi lunokudluliselwa ngokukhawuleza nangokuthembekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo emhlabeni jikelele. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphumeza usulelo olusebenzayo, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye uqwalasele izinto ezininzi.

Enye yezona ⁢ aspectos a considerar kwi yi ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwamaza osasazo. Kukho iibhendi zefrikhwensi⁤ ezisetyenziselwa uthumelo lwesathelayithi, ezinje nge C, Ku kunye neebhendi zeKa. Ngamnye wabo unenzuzo kunye nokungonakali, njengomthamo wokungena kwe-atmospheric, ukuphazamiseka, kunye nokufumaneka kwe-bandwidth. ⁤Kubalulekile ukukhetha ibhendi yefrikhwensi efanelekileyo ngokusekwe kwiimfuno ezikhethekileyo⁤ zothumelo.

Okunye factor crucial kuthumelo lwesathelayithi olululo ⁢ ukusetyenziswa kobuchule bokucinezela idatha. Ngenxa yokunciphisa umda we-bandwidth yeenkqubo zesathelayithi, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ubungakanani bedatha ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni umgangatho wothumelo. Ukunyanzeliswa kwedatha kwenza kube lula ukunciphisa inani lolwazi olugqithisiweyo, olukhokelela ekubeni a ukusebenza kakuhle okukhulu ngokwesantya kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-bandwidth ekhoyo. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokucinezela ezikhoyo, njengeMPEG kunye neJPEG, enokusetyenziswa ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lolwazi oluza kuhanjiswa.

7. Ukugcinwa nokhuseleko lweenkqubo zothumelo lwesathelayithi

I ukuhanjiswa kwesathelayithi ⁢yindlela yonxibelelwano esebenzisa⁢ iisathelayithi ezenziweyo ukuthumela nokufumana isandi, ividiyo kunye neempawu zedatha kumgama omde. I iinkqubo zothumelo lwesathelayithi Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni nakwiindawo ezikude apho ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zonxibelelwano zomhlaba kungenakwenzeka. Ezi nkqubo zikwasetyenziselwa ukusasaza imiqondiso kamabonakude nonomathotholo kuzwelonke nakumazwe ngamazwe.

El ulondolozo ye iinkqubo zothumelo lwesathelayithi Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Oku kubandakanya ukwenza a monitoreo constante yeesathelayithi ezikwi-orbit, yenza iimvavanyo zentsebenzo ngamaxesha athile, kwaye wenze ukulungiswa kwezixhobo okanye ukutshintshwa xa kuyimfuneko. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukwenza actualizaciones de software ukugcina ukhuseleko lweenkqubo kunye nokuzikhusela kwizoyikiso ze-cyber ezinokubakho.

I ukhuseleko ye iinkqubo zothumelo lwesathelayithi Ikwabaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqinisekisa ubumfihlo bonxibelelwano, iindlela zokhuseleko zisetyenziswa. ibhalwe ngekhowudi ezikhusela idata ethunyelwayo kwiinzame ezinokwenzeka zokuthintela ngomnye umntu ongagunyaziswanga. Ukongeza, baphumeza iiprothokholi zokuqinisekisa ukuqinisekisa ubuni babasebenzisi kunye nokuthintela ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kwiinkqubo. Ii-backups eziqhelekileyo zedatha ezigcinwe kwiisathelayithi nazo zenziwe ukukhusela ekulahlekeni okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo.