Ziziphi iiakhawunti ezingenamagama kwaye zitshintsha njani ukhuseleko lwedijithali?

Ngaba unokuthelekelela ukufikelela kwiiakhawunti zakho ze-intanethi ngaphandle kokukhumbula igama eliyimfihlo elinye? Siya sisondela ngakumbi kuloo meko. Inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nokuvela kwe-cybersecurity ziqhuba izisombululo ezisivumela ukuba siqinisekise ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwiiphasiwedi, sikhethe iindlela ezilula nezikhuselekileyo. Ukuba akuqinisekanga malunga namagama afana "nesiqinisekiso esingenagama lokugqitha," "izitshixo zofikelelo," okanye "uqinisekiso lwebhayometriki," ungakhathazeki: nantsi impendulo. Esona sikhokelo sigqibeleleyo nesilula sokuqonda ukuba zeziphi ii-akhawunti ezingenaphasiwedi kunye nendlela abayitshintsha ngayo indlela esifikelela ngayo kwiinkonzo zethu zedijithali.

Amagama ayimfihlo emveli aphulukana nomhlaba ngenxa yokuvela okungenakunqandeka kwezinye iindlela. Ikamva lokhuseleko lwe-intanethi liphawulwe yi idinga ukwenza lula amava omsebenzisi y, ngaxeshanye, phakamisa inqanaba lokhuseleko kuhlaselo lwe-cyber. Kweli nqaku, uya kufunda ukuba zeziphi iiakhawunti ezingenaphasiwedi, zisebenza njani, zeziphi iingenelo ezibonelela ngazo, iingozi zamagama ayimfihlo akhoyo, iindlela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu, ukuma kweenkampani ezinkulu zeteknoloji, kunye neengcebiso zokuqalisa ukuzisebenzisa kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla.

Ziziphi iiakhawunti ezingenamagama?

Iiakhawunti ezingenalo igama lokugqitha Iiprofayili zedijithali apho unokuqinisekisa kwaye ufikelele ngaphandle kokungena igama lokugqitha lemveli.. Endaweni yoko, basebenzisa ezinye iindlela, ezinje ngeminwe, ukubonwa kobuso, iikhowudi zethutyana, izitshixo zokufikelela ngokwasemzimbeni, izixhobo eziphathwayo, okanye iziqinisekiso ezithunyelwe kwi-app. Le ndlela igxile kuqinisekiso lwesazisi oluphucukileyo, olukhuselekileyo, nolusebenziseka lula.

Olu tshintsho kuqinisekiso lusisiphumo seminyaka yophando kwaye luphendula ingxaki ekhulayo: Ubusela begama lokugqithisa kunye nohlaselo lwe-cyber olunxulumene neziqinisekiso ezibiweyo. Ngokwezifundo zamva nje, ngaphezulu kwe-80% yokwaphulwa kwedatha kubandakanya i-passwords edibeneyo. Abaphuli-mthetho be-intanethi basebenzisa zonke iintlobo zobuchule (ubuqhetseba, amandla akhohlakeleyo, ubunjineli bezentlalo) ukuze bafikelele kuzo, kwaye bakuba bephumelele, banokufikelela kwiinkonzo ezininzi ngokusebenzisa igama eliyimfihlo elinye.

Ukuqinisekiswa okungenamagama okugqitha, okwakwaziwa njenge "uqinisekiso olungenaphasiwedi«, inika le nkqubo ijijelo: Abasebenzisi abasaxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwindibaniselwano yoonobumba kunye namanani ekufuneka bawakhumbule kwaye bawakhusele.. Ngoku, isitshixo sithathelwa indawo yinto onayo (ifowuni yakho ephathekayo, isitshixo sokhuseleko) okanye into oyiyo (iimpawu zakho zebhayometriki).

Kutheni amagama ayimfihlo engasakhuselekanga kangako?

Kangangamashumi eminyaka, iiphasiwedi zaziyeyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokukhusela ukufikelela kwiiakhawunti zedijithali kunye nedatha. Nangona kunjalo, Ukusebenza kwayo njengendlela yokuqinisekisa kuye kwanda ngokuthandabuza.. Ngoba? Ikakhulu ngenxa yezi zizathu:

• Ukuba sesichengeni sokuhlaselwa ngenkani ngenkohlakalo: Abahlaseli baneenkqubo ezizenzekelayo ezizama izigidi zendibaniselwano de zifumane eyona ilungileyo.
• Amagama ayimfihlo abuthathaka okanye aphindaphindiweyo: Abantu abaninzi bakhetha amagama ayimfihlo ekulula ukuwaqikelela (njenge “123456” okanye usuku lwabo lokuzalwa) kwaye baphinde bawasebenzise kwiiakhawunti ezininzi. Ukuba umntu uye walalanisa, abanye nabo basengozini.
• Inkohliso kunye nobusela beenkcukacha: Abaphuli-mthetho be-intanethi bathumela ii-imeyile zobuxoki okanye benze iiwebhusayithi ezikhohlisa abasebenzisi ukuba baveze igama eliyimfihlo.
• Ubunzima bokukhumbula okanye ukulawula amagama ayimfihlo: Iiakhawunti ezigqithisileyo zinyanzela abaninzi ukuba basebenzise igama eliyimfihlo kwiinkonzo ezahlukeneyo okanye bazigcine kwiindawo ezingakhuselekanga.

Le mingcipheko ibangele ukuba kukhangelwe iindlela ezisusa ii-password ezingatshintshiyo kwaye zinikeze ukhuseleko olukhulu kunye noncedo.. Yiyo loo nto itekhnoloji enkulu kunye neenkampani zokhuseleko lwe-cybersecurity zizinikele ngokupheleleyo kuqinisekiso olungenaphasiwedi.

Isebenza njani i-password yokuqinisekisa?

Injongo yoqinisekiso olungenapassword kukuqinisekisa ngokuthembekileyo isazisi sakho ngaphandle kokungena isitshixo esiyimfihlo ngalo lonke ixesha ungena.. Ukwenza oku, sebenzisa ezinye, izinto ezikhuselekileyo zokuqinisekisa. Ezi zinokuhlelwa ngokwe:

• Into onayo: Umzekelo, ifowuni yakho ephathwayo, i-smart card, okanye iqhosha lokhuseleko lomzimba (elifana neYubikey okanye isixhobo esihambelana neFIDO2).
• Into oyiyo: Iimpawu zakho zebhayometriki, ezinje ngeminwe yakho, ubuso, iris, okanye ilizwi lakho.

Enyanisweni, inkqubo idla ngolu hlobo:

1. Ubhalisela inkonzo kwaye usete indlela enye okanye ezininzi zofikelelo ezizezinye.
2. Xa uzama ukungena, inkqubo ikucela ukuba usebenzise enye yezo ndlela (umzekelo, ukuvula ubuso kwifowuni yakho).
3. Inkqubo ithelekisa ulwazi okanye isignali ye-biometric kunye nolwazi olurekhodiweyo kwaye, ukuba ihambelana, ikuvumela ukuba ufikelele.

Olunye lolona khetho luxhaphakileyo ngoku lu amaqhosha okufikelela okanye "izitshixo zokugqitha". Zisekwe kwizitshixo ezimbini ze-cryptographic: enye yoluntu (igcinwe kumncedisi) kunye nenye yabucala (igcinwe kuphela kwisixhobo sakho kwaye ekungekho mntu unokufikelela kuyo). Ngexesha lokungena, umncedisi uthumela umngeni wezibalo onokuthi uzisombulule kuphela isitshixo sakho sabucala. Ke, nokuba umhlaseli ufumene isitshixo sikawonke-wonke, akanakukwazi ukufikelela kwiakhawunti yakho ngaphandle kwesixhobo somzimba esihambelanayo okanye sebhayometriki.

Izinto eziluncedo kwiiakhawunti ezingenamagama

Ukuqinisekiswa okungenamagama okungenamagama kunika izibonelelo kubo bobabini abasebenzisi kunye namashishini kunye nolawulo.:

• Ukhuseleko olukhulu: Susa ukuchanabeka kuhlaselo olusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo, olufana nobuqhetseba okanye ubundlavini. Idatha yebhayometriki yodwa kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukuyiphindaphinda okanye ukuba.
• Amava omsebenzisi aphuculweyo: Awudingi ukukhumbula okanye utshintshe amagama ayimfihlo antsokothileyo. Ungangena ngokukhawuleza usebenzisa umnwe wakho, ubuso, okanye isixhobo esiphathwayo.
• Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wangaphakathi: Kumashishini, kukho umngcipheko omncinci wokuphulwa kwedatha okanye ukuvuza ngenxa yolawulo olubi lwephasiwedi yabasebenzi.
• Ukuthobela imigaqo: Imimiselo emininzi sele ifuna ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziphambili kunye nezinto ezininzi kumacandelo abalulekileyo (ibhanki, ukhathalelo lwezempilo, icandelo likarhulumente).
• Ukudakumba okuncinci kunye nenkxaso yobugcisa: Inani leziganeko ezinxulumene neengxaki zokufikelela okanye ukubuyiswa kwezitshixo ezilahlekileyo ziyancipha.
• Ubungakanani kunye nokuhambelana kweqonga elinqamlezileyo: Iindlela ezingenamagama okugqithisa ziyakwazi ukulungelelaniswa kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo, eziququzelela ukufikelela naphi na.

Le ndibaniselwano yoncedo kunye nokhuseleko iqhuba imibutho eyongezelelekileyo ukuba iphumeze izisombululo ezingenamagama ayimfihlo kwisikali esikhulu., zombini kubasebenzi kunye nabathengi.

Iindlela eziphambili zokuqinisekisa ezingenamagama

Akukho fomula inye yokususa amagama ayimfihlo; Umbutho ngamnye okanye iqonga linokukhetha enye okanye iindlela ezininzi ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomsebenzisi kunye nomxholo wokusetyenziswa. Ezi zezona zidumileyo:

• Ibhayometriki: Ukufikelela ngoshicilelo lweminwe, ukubonwa kobuso, ukuskena kwe-iris, okanye ukuchongwa kwelizwi. Ii-smartphones zanamhlanje kunye neelaptops sele ziquke izinzwa kule nto.
• Izitshixo zokufikelela (izitshixo zokugqitha): Izitshixo zeCryptographic zigcinwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwisixhobo. Abasebenzisi baqinisekisa nje intengiselwano kunye nendlela yabo yebhayometriki.
• Uqinisekiso lweApps: Ii-Apps ezifana ne-Microsoft Authenticator, i-Google Authenticator, okanye iisistim ezivelisa izaziso zokutyhala ezicela uqinisekiso oluthe ngqo kwiselfowuni.
• Izitshixo zokhuseleko ngokwasemzimbeni: Izixhobo ze-USB, amakhadi ahlakaniphile, okanye iimpawu ezixhasa imigangatho efana neFIDO2/WebAuthn.
• Iikhowudi zexesha elinye (OTP): Nangona zisasebenzisa "imfihlo" ekwabelwana ngayo, zesikhashana kwaye zisetyenziswe kanye kuphela, ukunciphisa umngcipheko ukuba ikhowudi iyabanjwa.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-biometrics kunye nezitshixo zokufikelela, kunye neeprotocol ezifana neFIDO2 / WebAuthn, yindlela yangoku kwiinkonzo ezininzi.. Oku kukhuthaza ukusebenzisana kunye nokhuseleko kuzo zonke izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye namaqonga.

Yahluke njani isiqinisekiso esingenaphasiwedi kwi-2FA kunye ne-OTP?

Kubalulekile ukwahlula phakathi kokuqinisekiswa kwe-password kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbini (2FA) okanye ii-passwords zexesha elinye (OTP). Yena I-2FA ifuna ubungqina obubini bokuqinisekisa ukuba ngubani.: into oyaziyo (igama lokugqitha) kunye nento onayo (iselula, ikhowudi, uphawu). I I-OTP yenza iikhowudi zexeshana, ehlala ithunyelwa ngeSMS okanye yenziwe kwi-app, ukongeza umqobo owongezelelweyo.

Ukuqinisekiswa okungenamagama okugqitha kuhamba inyathelo elinye ukuya phambili: kuphelisa isidingo sokukhumbula okanye ukufaka nayiphi na imfihlo ekwabelwana ngayo (akukho gama liyimfihlo okanye ikhowudi yethutyana). Ukufikelela kusekelwe kwizinto ezifana nebhayometriki okanye ukuba nesixhobo. Ke, ubuthathaka "bento oyaziyo" buyanyamalala, nto leyo eyenza umsebenzi wabahlaseli ube nzima ngakumbi.

Kwiinkqubo zesiqhelo ze-2FA, ungafaka igama lokugqitha lakho kunye nekhowudi yokuqinisekisa; endaweni yoko, kunye ne Ngaphandle kwegama eliyimfihlo, kufuneka uvume ukufikelela ngomnwe wakho, ubuso, okanye wamkele isaziso kwi-app., ukwenza lula inkqubo kunye nokomeleza ukhuseleko.

Ukuphunyezwa kobomi bokwenyani: Indlela iMicrosoft kunye noGoogle abayenza ngayo

Itekhnoloji enkulu ikhokela inguqu kwisiqinisekiso esingenaphasiwedi.. Zombini iMicrosoft kunye noGoogle sele bebonelela ngeendlela eziphambili zokususa amagama ayimfihlo kwiinkonzo zabo.

Microsoft ikuvumela ukuba ususe igama lokugqitha leakhawunti yakho kwaye uqinisekise usebenzisa iindlela ezinje:

• Microsoft Authenticator (usetyenziso kwiselula)
• Windows Hello (ukwaziwa kwebhayometriki kwiiPC zikaWindows)
• Izitshixo zokhuseleko lomzimba
• Iikhowudi zithunyelwe ngeSMS

Uphando Yenza ukusetyenziswa kwezitshixo zokufikelela kwimibutho yayo, ivumela abasebenzi ukuba bangene besebenzisa ifowuni yabo kuphela, isitshixo sokhuseleko, okanye ukuqondwa kwebhayometriki, ukulungelelanisa ezi ndlela kuzo zonke izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kwaye zibathintele kwihardware eqinisekisiweyo.

Phambi kokuba uvale amagama ayimfihlo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba zonke izixhobo zihlaziywe kwaye iindlela zogcino ziqwalaselwe ngokufanelekileyo. Amaqonga anikezela ngezixhobo zokulawula izehlo, ezinjengokulahleka kwesixhobo okanye ukutshintshwa.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ulahlekelwa sisixhobo sakho okanye uneengxaki zofikelelo?

Enye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo kukuba kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ulahlekelwe yifowuni yakho ephathwayo, isitshixo somzimba okanye ukuba inzwa yebhayometriki iyasilela. Ke ngoko, iisistim ezingenagama lokugqitha zihlala zivumela udibaniso lweendlela ezininzi ezizezinye kunye nezixhobo zogcino. Amanye amacebiso:

• Cwangcisa ngaphezulu kwendlela enye yoqinisekiso (efana neselfowuni kunye neqhosha eligcinayo).
• Sebenzisa ii-apps okanye iinkonzo ezikuvumela ukuba urhoxise ukufikelela kwimeko yelahleko okanye ubusela.
• Guqula iindlela zakho ukuba ukrokrela ukuba isixhobo sakho sichaphazelekile.

Ulawulo oluphakathi kwiideshibhodi zeqonga lwenza kube lula ukuphonononga nokuhlaziya iindlela ezimiselweyo, kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso xa kukho isiganeko.

Ngawaphi amacandelo kunye neenkampani ezikhetha iiakhawunti ezingenamagama?

Ukutyhala ukulahla amagama ayimfihlo kuvela kumacandelo aphatha idatha ebuthathaka. Iibhanki, ukhathalelo lwempilo, icandelo likarhulumente, kunye nezemfundo zisebenzisa izisombululo ezingenamagama ukuze zithobele imimiselo nokukhusela ulwazi. Ukukhula kokushukumiseka kwabasebenzi kunye nomsebenzi okude nawo kukhuthaza ukwamkelwa kwawo. Ngapha koko, iinkampani ze-e-commerce, iinkonzo zelifu, kunye neeplatifti zedijithali zibona ezi ndlela njengethuba lokuphucula amava kunye nokomeleza ukuthembela komsebenzisi.

Imingcipheko enokubakho kunye nemingeni yokuqinisekiswa kwe-password

Njengalo naliphi na i-innovation, ukuqinisekiswa okungenamagama okuyimfihlo kuzisa imingeni kunye nobuthathaka.:

• Ukuxhomekeka kwisixhobo: Ilahleko okanye ubusela bufuna iindlela zogcino eziphunyezwe kakuhle.
• Ubungasese kunye nokhuseleko lwedatha yebhayometriki: Nangona zigcinwe ekuhlaleni, kuhlala kukho iingxoxo malunga nokuphathwa kwazo ngokukhuselekileyo.
• Ubuthathaka kwiifowuni eziphathwayo kunye neeSIM: Ubusela be-SIM, ukulinganisa, okanye i-malware inokuphazamisa ezi ndlela.
• Ukuhambelana namaqonga elifa: Ezinye iinkqubo azikazixhasi ezi ndlela, zifuna ukusetyenziswa kwamagama ayimfihlo kwiimeko ezithile.

Kubalulekile ukuba imibutho icwangcise inguqu ngenkxaso yobugcisa eyaneleyo kunye noqeqesho lwabasebenzisi ukuphepha iingxaki kunye nokuqinisekisa ukwamkelwa okukhuselekileyo.

UAlberto Navarro

Ndingumntu othanda itekhnoloji ojike umdla wakhe we "geek" waba ngumsebenzi. Ndichithe ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 yobomi bam ndisebenzisa itekhnoloji yokusika kwaye ndikhenkceza ngazo zonke iintlobo zeenkqubo ngenxa yokufuna ukwazi okumsulwa. Ngoku ndiqeqeshelwe ubugcisa bekhompyutha nakwimidlalo yevidiyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-5 ndibhalela iiwebhusayithi ezahlukeneyo kwitekhnoloji kunye nemidlalo yevidiyo, ndisenza amanqaku afuna ukukunika ulwazi oludingayo ngolwimi oluqondakalayo kuye wonke umntu.

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo, ulwazi lwam lusuka kuyo yonke into enxulumene nenkqubo yokusebenza yeWindows kunye ne-Android yeefowuni eziphathwayo. Kwaye ukuzinikela kwam kukuwe, ndihlala ndikulungele ukuchitha imizuzu embalwa kwaye ndikuncede usombulule nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba nayo kweli lizwe le-intanethi.