Network flows are Ingqikelelo ebalulekileyo kwinkalo yekhompyutha kunye neenethiwekhi zedatha. Babhekisa kwisixa sedatha ethunyelwa okanye efunyenwe kwinethiwekhi ngexesha elithile. Le mijelo inokuveliswa yimithombo eyahlukeneyo eyahlukeneyo, efana nezicelo, izixhobo, okanye abasebenzisi. Uhlalutyo lwayo kunye nolawulo olusebenzayo luyisiseko ukwandisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi kunye nokuqinisekisa amava alungileyo omsebenzisi. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ngokweenkcukacha ukuba yintoni ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi kunye nendlela enokusetyenziswa ngayo ukuphucula umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lothungelwano.
Okokuqala, kufanelekile ukugqamisa ukuba uqukuqelo lwenethiwekhi lumelwe njenge ulandelelwano lweepakethi zedatha eziphuma kwidilesi yomthombo ukuya kwidilesi yendawo ekuyiwa kuyo. Ezi pakethi zedatha ziqulethe ulwazi malunga neprotocol esetyenzisiweyo, umthombo kunye nendawo yokusingwa, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo zohlalutyo lwenethiwekhi. Ngokufunda oku kuhamba, kuyenzeka ukufumana imboniselo eneenkcukacha yendlela inethiwekhi esetyenziswa ngayo kwaye zeziphi iintlobo zedatha ezihanjiswayo.
Uhlalutyo lokuhamba kwenethiwekhi Ibandakanya ukubeka iliso okuguquguqukayo okuninzi, okufana nomthamo wedatha ehanjiswayo, ireyithi yogqithiselo, umva, ixesha lokuhamba kunye nokuziphatha kwemigaqo esetyenziswayo. Olu lwazi lunokuba luncedo ekuchongeni imiqobo enokwenzeka. kwi-intanethi, ukubona izinto ezingaqhelekanga okanye iipateni zetrafikhi ezikrokrelekayo, kunye nokwandisa ulwabiwo lwezibonelelo kunye nokucwangcisa umthamo wothungelwano. Ukongeza, uhlalutyo lokuhamba komsebenzi womnatha ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubhaqeni nasekuthinteleni izoyikiso zokhuseleko, ezifana DDoS uhlaselo okanye iinzame zokungena.
Kukho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule kuhlalutyo lokuqukuqela kothungelwano, ukusuka kwizisombululo zesoftware eyodwa kwiiprotocol zenethiwekhi eziyilelwe loo njongo. Ezinye zezona zixhobo zixhaphakileyo ziquka iinkqubo zokubeka iliso kwinethiwekhi, abahlalutyi bendlela, kunye nezixhobo zokubamba iipakethi. Ukusebenzisa ezi zixhobo kunokunceda abalawuli bothungelwano balungise ukusebenza kakuhle, baphucule ukhuseleko, kwaye basombulule ngokukhawuleza imiba okanye imiba. enokuthi ivele kwinethiwekhi.
Isishwankathelo, ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi Zisisiseko sokuqonda indlela amanethiwekhi edatha asetyenziswa ngayo kwaye aziphathe ngayo. Uhlalutyo lwayo lukuvumela ukuba uchonge iingxaki, ukwandise izixhobo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi. Kweli nqaku, sihlolisisa ngokubanzi ukuba yintoni ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi kunye nendlela enokusetyenziswa ngayo ukuphucula umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi, kunye nezixhobo kunye nobuchule obukhoyo bokuhlalutya kwabo. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufumane indlela yokwenza uninzi lolwazi luyimfuneko kwihlabathi lekhompyuter kunye neenethiwekhi zedatha.
1. Intshayelelo kuhambo lwenethiwekhi
Xa kuthethwa ngayo ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi, sibhekisa indlela idata ethunyelwa ngayo phakathi kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo eziqhagamshelwe kuthungelwano. Ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yonxibelelwano kwi-Intanethi kunye ezinye iinethiwekhi efanayo. Oku kuhamba kuvumela ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ngokukhawuleza, nokuba phakathi kwabasebenzisi, abancedisi okanye iinkqubo.
Kumxholo wokuhamba kwenethiwekhi, kubalulekile ukuqonda oko idatha ithunyelwa ngohlobo lweepakethi. Ezi iipakethi ziqulathe ulwazi olufana nomthombo kunye nedilesi yendawo yokufikela, umxholo wonxibelelwano kunye nenye idatha eyimfuneko kunikezelo echanekileyo. Ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi kuseka uxhulumaniso phakathi kwezixhobo ezibandakanyekayo, ukuvumela ukuba iipakethi zithunyelwe kwaye zamkelwe ngendlela ehlelekile nethembekileyo.
Enye yeengqikelelo eziphambili kuthungelwano lokuqukuqela yileyo ye iprotokholi yonxibelelwano. Iiprothokholi zichaza imigaqo kunye nefomathi ekufuneka ilandelwe idatha ukuze idluliselwe. ngenethiwekhi. Imizekelo yemigaqo eqhelekileyo yiTCP/IP, HTTP kunye neFTP. Iprotocol nganye ineempawu zayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo, kunye kubalulekile ukukhetha iprotocol efanelekileyo ngokweemfuno zonxibelelwano kunye nezixhobo ezibandakanyekayo.
2. Ingqikelelo kunye nenkcazo yothungelwano lokuhamba kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha
ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi Ziyinxalenye ephambili yeenkqubo zekhompyuter, ziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo konxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwedatha ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi. Ukuthetha ngokubanzi, babhekisela ekuhambeni rhoqo kolwazi oluhamba ngeentambo zenethiwekhi kunye namanqaku okudibanisa. Oku kuqukuqela kunokwalatha kabini, oko kukuthi, idatha inokuhamba macala omabini, kwaye inokuqulatha iintlobo ngeentlobo zedatha yedatha, efana nemiyalezo, iifayile, ilizwi okanye umnxeba wevidiyo, kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi ngundoqo kuyilo lwenkqubo yekhompyutheni kwaye ulawulo lwabo olufanelekileyo lubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenethiwekhi. Ukuhamba kunokuhlalutya kwaye kulawulwe kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neeprotocol, ezifana nokulawula ukuhamba, ukuhamba kunye nokutshintsha, okukuvumela ukuba ulawule inani ledatha ehanjiswayo kunye nendlela elandelwayo ngaphakathi kwegridi.
Ukubaluleka kokuqonda ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi kuxhomekeke kwimpembelelo yabo kumgangatho wenkonzo kunye nokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi. Ngokuhlalutya kunye nokuqonda ukuhamba, abalawuli benethiwekhi banokuchonga imiqobo enokubakho, babone ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga okanye okukrokrisayo, kunye nokwandisa uthungelwano ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko olwandisiweyo. Ukongeza, ukuhlalutya ukuqukuqela kothungelwano kunokubonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga netrafikhi yothungelwano, njengobungakanani bedatha egqithisiweyo, iprothokholi esetyenzisiweyo, kunye namaxesha okuphendula, anokunceda abalawuli bakhulise amandla othungelwano kwaye bacwangcise ukukhula kwayo kwexesha elizayo. Ngamafutshane, ukuba nolwazi oluhle lokuhamba kothungelwano kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuchanekileyo kunye nokusebenza kweenkqubo zekhompyuter.
3. Ukubaluleka kokuhamba kwenethiwekhi kukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi kunye nokusebenza
Ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi yingcamango esisiseko kukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi kunye nokusebenza. Babhekisa kulandelelwano lweepakethi ezithunyelwa phakathi kweenginginya ezimbini. kwinethiwekhi. Ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi kunika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nokuthuthwa kwenethiwekhi kwaye kuvumela abalawuli benethiwekhi ukuba babeke iliso, bahlalutye, kwaye balawule ukuhamba kwedatha. Ngokuqonda ukubaluleka kokuhamba kwenethiwekhi, imibutho inokuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwamanethiwekhi abo.
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zokuqukuqela kothungelwano kukukwazi ukuchonga iipateni zendlela. Ngokuhlalutya ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi, abalawuli benethiwekhi banokubona izinto ezinobungozi okanye ezingaqhelekanga, ezifana ne-hacker okanye ukuhlaselwa kwe-malware. Oku kuvumela ukuba kuthathwe amanyathelo okuthintela ukukhusela inethiwekhi yombutho kunye neenkcukacha ezibuthathaka. Ukongeza, ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi kunokunceda ekuchongeni imiqobo okanye imiba yengxinano kwinethiwekhi, evumela ukunyusa ukusebenza kunye nokuphucula amava omsebenzisi.
Ulwazi olunikelwe noqukuqelo lwenethiwekhi lukwaluncedo kuhlalutyo lwasenkundleni. Abalawuli benethiwekhi banokusebenzisa le datha ukuphanda iziganeko zokhuseleko kwaye banqume unobangela wengxaki yokusebenza kwenethiwekhi. Ukongeza, ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi kunceda ukucwangciswa kwenethiwekhi kunye nokulinganisa. Ngokuqonda indlela izixhobo zenethiwekhi ezisetyenziswa ngayo, imibutho inokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nokwabiwa kwe-bandwidth kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko. Ngamafutshane, ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi sisixhobo esisisiseko sokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kothungelwano.
4. Iimpawu eziphambili zokuhamba kwenethiwekhi kunye nokubeka iliso kwabo
I inethiwekhi iyahamba Ziyingxelo yalo lonke unxibelelwano olwenzeka phakathi kwezixhobo kwinethiwekhi. Oku kuhamba kubandakanya ulwazi lwemvelaphi kunye nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo, amazibuko asetyenzisiweyo, imigaqo esetyenziswayo, kunye nesixa sedatha egqithisiweyo. Ukubeka iliso kuthungelwano lokuqukuqela kubalulekile kukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwenethiwekhi, njengoko ivumela ukuchonga izoyikiso ezinokubakho okanye ukuxinana.
Enye ye iimpawu eziphambili yokuqukuqela womnatha kukuba zibonelela imboniselo epheleleyo yomsebenzi womnatha. Ngokuhlalutya ukuhamba, kunokwenzeka ukufumanisa iipatheni zendlela, ukuchonga izixhobo ezinengxaki, okanye ukuchonga ukuhlaselwa okunokwenzeka. Ukongeza, ukuhamba komsebenzi womnatha kukwavumela ukulinganisa ukusebenza kwe yothungelwano, njengoko zibonelela ngolwazi kumda osetyenziswayo kunye namaxesha okuphendula.
Ukuze ndi esweni ngokuchanekileyo Inethiwekhi flows iyimfuneko ukuba nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Ezi zixhobo zikuvumela ukuba uqokelele kwaye uhlalutye ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi ngexesha lokwenyani, uvelisa iingxelo ezineenkcukacha kunye nezilumkiso xa kukho izinto ezingaqhelekanga. Sishwankathelo, ukujonga ukuhamba kothungelwano kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwenethiwekhi.
5. Izixhobo kunye nobuchule bokuhlalutya nokulawula ukuhamba kothungelwano
I ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi Ziyingxelo yalo lonke unxibelelwano olwenzeka kuthungelwano, kubandakanywa nedatha ethunyelweyo nefunyenweyo, kunye nolwazi malunga nemvelaphi kunye nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo. Oku kuhamba kunokuvela kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkonzo, ezinjengee-router, iiswitshi, i-firewall, kunye iiseva zewebhu. Ukongezelela, ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi kunokuqulatha ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nokuthuthwa kwenethiwekhi, njengobungakanani bedatha edlulisiweyo, iiprothokholi ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye needilesi ze-IP ezibandakanyekayo.
Ngokuba Hlalutya kwaye ulawule ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi, Kukho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule obukhoyo. Ezi zixhobo zikuvumela ukuba ujonge kwaye ujonge ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi. indlela esebenzayo, eluncedo kakhulu ekuchongeni iingxaki zokusebenza, ukufumanisa ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga, kunye nokwenza uhlalutyo lokhuseleko. Ezinye zezi zixhobo ziyi-software ekhethekileyo, ngelixa ezinye zinokuba zizikripthi eziqhelekileyo okanye izixhobo ezihlanganiswe kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwenethiwekhi.
Enye yeendlela ezidumileyo ze Hlalutya ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi kukusetyenziswa kothungelwano probes. Ezi probe zibekwe ngobuchule ngaphakathi komsebenzi womnatha ukubamba imijelo yedatha kwaye iyithumele kuhlalutyo olusembindini inkqubo. Obunye ubuchule obuqhelekileyo kukuhlalutya kweelog zokuhamba, eziveliswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwizixhobo ezininzi zenethiwekhi. Ezi logs zinokunika ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nokuhamba kwenethiwekhi, kubandakanywa amaxesha okuqalisa kunye nokuphela, izibuko ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nee-bytes ezidluliselwe.
6. Izibonelelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kothungelwano lokuhamba kwiindawo zoshishino
Kwiimeko zoshishino, ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi Babhekisa kwintshukumo yedatha kwinethiwekhi yekhompyuter, nokuba yangaphakathi okanye yangaphandle. Oku kuqukuqela kunokuba yintlobo ezahlukeneyo, njengokuhamba kwedatha, ukuhamba kwepakethi, okanye ukuhamba komyalezo. Ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi kuvumela unxibelelwano phakathi izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, ezinjengeekhompyuter, iiseva okanye izixhobo eziphathwayo, eziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo kwenkampani kwiminyaka yedijithali.
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili yokuqukuqela kothungelwano kwiindawo zoshishino yinto enokwenzeka yokutshintshiselana ngolwazi ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo. Oku kuququzelela unxibelelwano lwangaphakathi phakathi kwamasebe ahlukeneyo enkampani, nto leyo ilungelelanisa iinkqubo zokusebenza kunye nokuphucula imveliso yabasebenzi. Ukongeza, ukuhamba kothungelwano kukwavumela unxibelelwano lwangaphandle olungenamthungo kunye nababoneleli, abathengi, kunye namaqabane oshishino, ukuququzelela intsebenziswano kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi kuwo wonke uthungelwano. Ixesha elilungile.
Ngokukhawuleza ndi kwizicelo Ukuhamba kothungelwano kwiindawo zoshishino zininzi kwaye zahlukene. Uthungelwano lokuqukuqela lusetyenziswa kwizicelo ze-imeyile, ezivumela ukuthumela nokufumana imiyalezo ngoko nangoko. Ukongeza, ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi ngundoqo kulawulo kunye nokugcinwa kwe iidathabheyisi ishishini, ukuvumela ufikelelo kunye nolawulo lwedatha ukusuka iindawo ezahlukeneyo. Omnye umzekelo wosetyenziso lothungelwano lokuhamba kwindawo yoshishino kusetyenziso lweenethiwekhi zabucala ezinenyani (VPN), eziqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nobumfihlo bolwazi olugqithiselwe kwinethiwekhi yoluntu. . Oko kukuthi, ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi kusetyenziswa phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zonxibelelwano kunye nolawulo lolwazi kwishishini langoku.
7. Iingcebiso zokwandisa nokuphucula ulawulo lokuhamba kothungelwano
ukuhamba kwenethiwekhi Ziyingcamango esisiseko kulawulo lwenethiwekhi kwaye zibhekiselele ekuhambeni kwedatha kwinethiwekhi. Ezi ziipakethi zolwazi ezithunyelwa ukusuka kumthombo ukuya kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo, ezidlula kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenodi kuthungelwano lokuqukuqela zingabandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zetrafikhi, njengelizwi, ividiyo okanye idatha, kwaye ingahluka imiqathango yomthamo, isantya kunye nokubaluleka.
Ngokuba ukwandisa nokuphucula ulawulo lokuqukuqela kothungelwano, kubalulekile ukulandela ezinye iingcebiso eziphambili. Okokuqala, uvavanyo kufuneka lwenziwe uhlalutyo olubanzi lwenethiwekhi ukuchonga imiqobo kunye nokumisela ukuba yeyiphi na imiqukumbelo yedatha ebalulekileyo kwaye yeyiphi engeyiyo. Oku kuya kunceda ukugxila kwimizamo yokuphucula kumanqaku aphambili kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenethiwekhi.
Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukuphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo yomgangatho wenkonzo (QoS). ukunika ingqwalaselo ephambili kuhambo lwedatha ethile ngaphezu kwezinye. Oku kubandakanya ukwabiwa kwe-bandwidth eyaneleyo kunye nezibonelelo kwezona zihamba zibaluleke kakhulu kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba azichatshazelwa kukuhamba okungabalulekanga kangako. Ukuphunyezwa kweQoS kukuvumela ukuba ulawule kwaye unciphise ukugcwala okungafunwayo okanye okungagunyaziswanga, uphucule ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi. Okokugqibela, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise izixhobo zokhuseleko. esweni kunye nohlalutyo lwetrafikhi ukufumana ulwazi lwexesha langempela malunga nokusebenza kokuhamba kwenethiwekhi kunye nokufumanisa iingxaki ezinokwenzeka okanye ukulibaziseka. Oku kubonakala kunceda ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi kwaye kuququzelele okusebenzayo kunye nokusombulula ingxaki ngokukhawuleza.
NdinguSebastián Vidal, injineli yekhompyuter ethanda itekhnoloji kunye ne-DIY. Ngaphaya koko, ndingumdali we tecnobits.com, apho ndabelana ngee-tutorials ukwenza itekhnoloji ifikeleleke kwaye iqondeke kumntu wonke.