Impendulo yeSelula kuMzimba ngokuchasene neNkungu

Ukusabela kwe-immune yeselula ngokuchasene nefungi yinkqubo ebalulekileyo emzimbeni enika ukhuseleko olusebenzayo ngokuchasene nosulelo lomngundo. Njengoko i-fungi isiya ixhathisa, ukuqonda iindlela zeselula ezibandakanyekayo kule mpendulo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni iindlela zonyango ezisebenzayo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga imiba ephambili yempendulo yokhuselo lomzimba ngokuchasene nefungi, siqaqambisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ezibandakanyekayo kunye imisebenzi yayo ethile. Ngembono yobugcisa kunye nethoni engathathi hlangothi, makhe singene kwihlabathi elinomdla lokugonywa kweeseli kunye nomlo walo ngokuchasene nomngundo.

Impendulo yokhuselo lomzimba⁤ ngokuchasene neNkungu

Impendulo yeselula echasene nefungi, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-cell-mediated immune response, ibalulekile ukukhusela umzimba wethu kusulelo lomngundo. Iiseli zamajoni omzimba zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubhaqweni nasekutshabalaliseni yefungi abahlaseli, ukunceda ukugcina i-homeostasis kunye nokuthintela ukwanda kosulelo.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ezibandakanyekayo kwimpendulo yokuzivikela kwiselula ngokuchasene nefungi, nganye inemisebenzi ethile:

• IiMacrophages: Ezi seli ze-phagocytic zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpendulo yokuzivikela kwi-fungi. Banoxanduva lokubhaqa, i-phagocytosis kunye ⁢nokutshatyalaliswa kwemicroorganisms ezihlaselayo. Ukongeza, bakhulula ii-cytokines kunye nabanye abalamli abaqesha kwaye basebenze amanye amacandelo amajoni omzimba.
• T lymphocytes: I-T lymphocytes ibalulekile kwimpendulo yamajoni omzimba ngokuchasene nomngundo. I-CD8 + cytotoxic T iiseli zihlasela ngokuthe ngqo iiseli ezosulelwe ngumngundo, ngelixa iiseli ze-CD4+ ezincedisayo ze-T zinceda ukulungelelanisa ukuphendula kwamajoni omzimba kunye nokuvuselela umsebenzi wezinye iiseli.
• Iiseli ze-Dendritic: Ezi seli zikhethekileyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubanjeni nasekusetyenzweni kwee-antigens zefungal Nje ukuba zisebenze, iiseli ze-dendritic zifudukela kwi-lymph nodes, apho zibonakalisa i-antigens kwi-T lymphocytes, ngaloo ndlela iqalisa ukuphendula kwamajoni omzimba.

Isishwankathelo, impendulo yokhuselo lomzimba ngokuchasene nefungi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yamajoni ethu omzimba ukulwa nosulelo lomngundo. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwala maseli kunye nokukhululwa kwabalamli be-soluble kuvumela impendulo elungelelanisiweyo kunye nesebenzayo, ukukhuthaza ukupheliswa kwefungi kunye nokubuyiselwa kokulinganisela komzimba emzimbeni wethu.

Intshayelelo kwi-immune system yeselula

I-immune system ye-cell yinxalenye ye-immune system ejongene nokukhusela umzimba kwi-pathogens kunye neeseli zomhlaza ngendlela ekhethekileyo. kunye nokuphelisa izoyikiso.

Phakathi kweeseli ezingundoqo zesistim somzimba sokuzivikela ziiseli T lymphocytes kunye nombulali wendalo (NK) lymphocytes. Ezi lymphocytes zinoxanduva lokukhusela ngokuthe ngqo kweselula ngokukhululwa kweekhemikhali, ezifana ne-cytokines kunye ne-perforins, ezonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo okanye zitshabalalise iiseli ezihlaselayo okanye ezingaqhelekanga. Bakwathatha inxaxheba ekuveliseni izilwa-buhlungu kunye nokusebenza kwezinye iiseli zokhuselo lomzimba.

Unxibelelwano phakathi kweeseli zokhuselo lomzimba luyimfuneko kwimpendulo esebenzayo. Olu nxibelelwano lwenzeka ngokusebenzisana okuntsonkothileyo phakathi kweemolekyuli ezahlukeneyo zokubonisa, ezifana ne-T cell receptors kunye ne-dendritic cell ligands. Olu nxibelelwano luvumela ukuqondwa okuthe ngqo kwe-antigens, eziyi-amolekyuli ezikhoyo kwi-pathogens okanye iiseli zomhlaza, kunye nokusebenza ngokulungelelanisiweyo kwempendulo ye-immune yeselula.

Iindlela zokukhusela iiseli ezichasene nomngundo

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I-fungus zizinto eziphilayo ze-pathogenic ezinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli, nangona kunjalo, iiseli zineendlela zokukhusela ezivumela ukuba zilwe kwaye zizikhusele ekuhlaselweni kwefungal. Ezi ndlela ziyimfuneko ekugcinweni kwengqibelelo yamaselula kunye nokusinda kwezinto eziphilayo ngokuchasene nosongelo losulelo lomngundo.

Ezinye zeendlela zokukhusela iiseli ngokuchasene nefungi ziquka:

• Udonga lweselula: Iiseli⁢ ezinodonga lweseli olusebenza njengesithintelo somzimba ngokuchasene nokungenwa kokungunda. Esi sakhiwo ikakhulu senziwe nge-chitin, i-polysaccharide enikezela ukuxhathisa kunye nokuqina udonga lweseli, ngaloo ndlela ukuthintela ukungena kwefungi.
• Ukuveliswa kweemetabolites yesibini: Iiseli ziyakwazi ukudibanisa i-metabolites yesibini kunye neempawu ze-antifungal, ezenza ngokuthintela ukukhula nokuphuhliswa kwefungi. Ezi metabolites ziveliswa ekuphenduleni ubukho befungi kwaye zinamandla okunciphisa isenzo sabo se-pathogenic.
• Ukuqatshelwa kwamajoni omzimba kunye nenkqubo yokusabela: Iiseli zinokubona ubukho bomngundo ngokusebenzisa i-membrane receptors ezikhethekileyo kwaye zenze impendulo ethile yokuzikhusela komzimba. Le mpendulo ibandakanya ukukhululwa kweemolekyuli zokubonisa kunye nokuqeshwa kweeseli ze-immune system ukuphelisa iifungi ezihlaselayo.

Ezi ndlela zokukhusela iiseli zivumela iiseli ukuba zijongane kwaye zixhathise uhlaselo lomngundo, ngaloo ndlela zithintela ukusasazeka kosulelo kunye nomonakalo wezicubu. Ukuqonda ezi ndlela kubalulekile ekuphuhliseni izicwangciso zonyango kunye namanyathelo okuthintela ngokuchasene nosulelo lomngundo.

Ukubaluleka kweeseli ze-phagocytic kwi-immune response

Kwi-immune system eyinkimbinkimbi umzimba womntu, iiseli zephagocytic zidlala indima ebalulekileyo⁤ kwimpendulo yomzimba. Ezi seli zikhethekileyo ziyakwazi ukuchonga, ukubamba kunye nokutshabalalisa i-pathogens, ngaloo ndlela igcina ibhalansi kunye nokukhusela umzimba kwizifo kunye nosulelo. Emva koko, siya kuphonononga ukubaluleka kweeseli ze-phagocytic kwi-immune response.

Iiseli ze-Phagocytic zifumaneka kwizicubu ezahlukeneyo kunye namalungu emzimbeni, njengegazi, imiphunga kunye ne-lymph nodes. Umsebenzi wabo oyintloko yi-phagocytosis, inkqubo apho baginya kwaye batshabalalise amasuntswana angaphandle, njengebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane kunye neeseli ezifileyo. Ukongeza kulo msebenzi ubalulekileyo, iiseli ze-phagocytic nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuboniseni i-antigen, isebenze ezinye iiseli ze-immune system ukuvelisa impendulo efanelekileyo.

Inkqubo ye-phagocytic ibalulekile ekugcinweni nasekulawuleni amajoni omzimba. Xa i-pathogen ihlasela umzimba, iiseli ze-phagocytic zizokuqala ukuphendula, ngokukhawuleza zihlanganisela kwindawo eyosulelekileyo ukuphelisa isoyikiso. Ezi seli zikwanakho ukukhulula ii-cytokines, iiprotheyini ezincinci ezilawula impendulo yokuvuvukala kwaye zitsale ezinye iiseli zesistim somzimba kwindawo yokusuleleka. Isishwankathelo, iiseli ze-phagocytic zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpendulo ye-immune, ukukhusela umzimba ekuhlaselweni okuyingozi kunye nokugcina indawo ephilileyo yangaphakathi.

Indima ye-T lymphocytes kwi-immune response against fungi

Ii-lymphocyte ze-T zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphenduleni amajoni omzimba ngokuchasene nomngundo, zinegalelo ekukhuseleni umzimba kolu sulelo lomngundo. Ezi seli ze-immune system zinoxanduva lokuqonda kunye nokuphelisa iintsholongwane ezihlaselayo, ngaloo ndlela zikhuthaza ukukhuselwa komkhosi.

Kukho ii-subpopulations ezahlukeneyo ze-T lymphocytes ezithatha inxaxheba ngokusebenzayo kwi-immune response against fungi:

• I-CD4 + T lymphocytes isebenza njengabaququzeleli bempendulo ye-immune, inceda ukwenza ezinye iiseli ze-immune system kunye nokufihla ii-cytokines ezikhuthaza ukupheliswa kweefungi.
• I-CD8+ T lymphocytes, inxalenye yazo, inendima ebalulekileyo ekupheliseni ngokuthe ngqo iiseli ezosulelwe ngumngundo, ngokuveliswa kweemolekyuli zecytotoxic ezibangela ukufa kweeseli.
• I-lymphocytes ye-T elawulayo (i-Treg) ilawula impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba ukuze ugweme ukusabela okugqithisileyo okanye ukuzimela, ngaloo ndlela uqinisekisa impendulo elinganayo kwintsholongwane yefungal.

Ukongeza kwindima yabo ethe ngqo ekupheliseni i-fungi, i-lymphocyte ye-T iphinda ikhuthaze ukubunjwa kwempendulo ye-immune eguquguqukayo, isebenze i-lymphocyte ye-B ukuvelisa izilwa-buhlungu ezithile ezichasene ne-fungal pathogens. Ezi zithinteli-zifo zinokuthi zithintele umngundo okanye ziphawule ukuba zitshatyalaliswe zezinye iiseli zokhuselo lomzimba.

Igalelo le-cytokines kwimpendulo ye-immune yeselula

Kwimpendulo yokhuselo lomzimba, iicytokines zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulungelelaniseni unxibelelwano⁢ phakathi kweeseli ezahlukeneyo zesistim somzimba. Ezi proteni zincinci ezifihliweyo ziiseli ezikhethekileyo zinokusebenza njengezithunywa, zisebenze kwaye zilawule impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba ukulwa nezifo kunye nosulelo.

I-Cytokines ihlukaniswe ngamaqela ahlukeneyo asebenzayo, ngalinye linendima ethile kwimpendulo yokuzivikela komzimba. Ezinye ii-cytokines, ezifana ne-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), zijongene nokuvuvukala, ukuququzelela ukuqeshwa kweeseli ze-immune kwindawo yokusuleleka. Abanye, njenge-interferon gamma (IFN-γ), badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenziseni iiseli ezibulalayo zendalo kunye neeseli ze-cytotoxic T ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezisulelekileyo.

Ukongeza kwindima yabo ekupheliseni iintsholongwane, ii-cytokines zikwabalulekile ekulawuleni ukusabela komzimba. Ezinye ii-cytokines, ezifana ne-interleukins 10 (IL-10), zinefuthe elichasayo lokunciphisa ukusabela komzimba kunye nokukhusela umonakalo omkhulu wezicubu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-cytokines efana ne-interleukins 12 (IL-12) ingundoqo ekukhuthazeni impendulo ye-immune eguquguqukayo, ivuselela ukuhlukana kunye nokusebenza kweeseli ze-T kunye neeseli ezibulalayo zendalo.

Iinkumbulo ze-immunoloji kwimpendulo yeselula⁤ ngokuchasene nefungi

Kwinkalo enomdla ye-immunology, ukukwazi kwamajoni omzimba ukukhumbula kunye nokulwa ii-antigens eziye zadibana nazo ngaphambili zibalulekile kwimpendulo esebenzayo yeselula kwi-fungis zikhoyo kwindawo esihlala kuyo kwaye zinokubangela usulelo olungenelelayo kubantu ababuthathaka amajoni omzimba. . Ngethamsanqa, amajoni ethu omzimba aphuhlise ukuqondwa kunye neendlela zokukhumbula ezivumela ukhuseleko olusebenzayo kwezi zoyikiso zokungunda.

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Enye yeendlela eziphambili ezinegalelo ekuphenduleni kweeseli ezichasene nefungi kukusebenza kweeseli ze-T, ngenxa yokwahluka kwazo kwi-antigen receptors, ziyakwazi ukuqaphela iipeptide ezithile zefungal ezivezwa ngamaseli e-antigen. Nje ukuba zisebenze, iiseli ze-T zibangela uthotho lweziganeko ezikhokelela ekuphelisweni kwefungus ezihlaselayo. Kodwa eyona nto inomdla kakhulu kukuba ezi seli ze-T ziyakwazi ukuvelisa impendulo ye-immune yememori, ukukhumbula ukuhlangana kwabo ne-antigen ye-fungal kunye nokubonelela ngempendulo ekhawulezayo nenamandla ngakumbi kwiindibano ezizayo.

Ukongeza kwiiseli ze-T, ezinye iiseli ze-immune eziphambili, ezifana ne-macrophages kunye neeseli ze-dendritic, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphenduleni kweeseli kwi-fungi ye-fungal phagocytosis Olu nxibelelwano phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli zomeleza ukusabela komzimba kunye nokukhuthaza ukhuseleko olulungelelanisiweyo. Ngesizukulwana seeseli zememori kunye nokunxibelelana phakathi kweeseli ezahlukeneyo zesistim somzimba, imizimba yethu inokugcina impendulo eyomeleleyo yamajoni omzimba kwaye ukhumbule ukudibana kwangaphambili kunye nomngundo ixesha elide ⁤ukhuseleko.

Izinto ezinokuthi zichaphazele impendulo yokuzivikela kwiselula ngokuchasene nefungi

Imiba yempendulo yokuzivikela kwiselula ngokuchasene nefungi

Ukusabela kwe-cell immune ngokuchasene nomngundo kunokuchatshazelwa liqela lezinto ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kokhuselo lwento ephilayo ezi zinto ziquka:

• Ubume bempilo: Imeko yempilo jikelele yomntu inokuchaphazela kakhulu impendulo yakho yeselula. Abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka, njengabo banezigulo ezinganyangekiyo okanye abafumana unyango lwe-immunosuppressive, basengozini enkulu yosulelo lomngundo. Ukongeza, izinto ezinje ngobudala, imfuza, kunye nesondlo nazo zinokuchaphazela impendulo yokhuselo lomzimba.
• Uhlobo lomngundo: Impendulo ye-immune yeselula inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwefungus apho umzimba ubonakaliswe khona. Ezinye iifungi zineendlela ezintsonkothileyo zokuphepha umzimba kunabanye, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba amajoni omzimba aphendule. Iipateni zokuvakalisa ii-antigens zefungal zinokudlala indima kwimpendulo ye-immune yeselula kunye nokukwazi kwe-immune system ukuqaphela kunye nokuphelisa umngundo.
• Ubume bendalo bengingqi: I-microenvironment yendawo apho usulelo lomngundo lwenzeka khona lunokuchaphazela impendulo ye-immune yeselula. Izihlunu ezahlukeneyo kunye namalungu aneemeko ezizodwa kunye neempawu ezinokuthi zithande okanye zithintele impendulo yomzimba. Ngokomzekelo, iifungi ezithile zinokuphila kwaye ziphindaphindeke kwiindawo ezine-asidi okanye ezine-oksijini ephantsi, nto leyo enokwenza kube nzima ukuphelisa iiseli zomzimba. Ukongezelela, ubukho bezinye izifo ezihambelanayo, ezifana nosulelo lwebhaktheriya, lunokuchaphazela impendulo yokuzivikela kwiselula ngokuchasene nefungi.

Isishwankathelo, impendulo ye-immune yeselula ngokuchasene nefungi inokuthi ixhomekeke kuluhlu lwezinto ezihambelanayo ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwayo. Ubume bempilo, uhlobo lwefungus, kunye ne-microenvironment yendawo zezinye zezinto ezinokuchaphazela impendulo yeselula kwaye ekugqibeleni zibonise amandla omzimba okulwa nosulelo lomngundo. Ukuqonda kunye ⁤nokujongana nale miba kubalulekile⁤ukuphucula uyilo lwezonyango kunye⁤ namaqhinga okuthintela kwizifo zokungunda.

Imiceli mngeni kunye nezicwangciso zokuqinisa ukusabela komzimba kwiselula ngokuchasene nefungi

Impendulo ye-immune yeselula ibalulekile ukulwa nokuhlasela kwe-pathogenic fungi emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, sijongene neengxaki ezininzi le nkqubo ezifuna uphuhliso lwezicwangciso eziliqili. Omnye⁤ weyona miqobo iphambili kukukwazi kwezi fungi ukuphepha impendulo yamajoni omzimba ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokubaleka⁤.

Ukomeleza impendulo yokuzivikela kwiselula ngokuchasene nefungi, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela izicwangciso ezininzi. Enye yazo kukusetyenziswa kwezitofu zokugonya ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuvuselela impendulo ye-T lymphocytes, ejongene nokupheliswa kweeseli ezisuleleke yifungi. Ezi zitofu zokugonya zinokubandakanya ii-antigens ezithile zokungunda kunye nezincedisi eziphucula ukusabela komzimba.

Esinye isicwangciso esithembisayo⁤ukuphuhliswa konyango olusekwe kwimodyuli yempendulo ye-immune yeselula. Oku kubandakanya ukuchonga nokusebenzisa iimolekyuli zokulawula amajoni omzimba ezikhuthaza impendulo esebenzayo ngokuchasene nefungi. Ngaphaya koko, uphononongo lwentsebenziswano phakathi kweeseli zesistim somzimba kunye nefungi kunokuveza iithagethi ezintsha zonyango kunye nezithinteli ezithile ezinokuthi zibonakale.

Imibuzo neempendulo

Umbuzo: Yintoni impendulo yokuzivikela kwiselula ngokuchasene nefungi?
A: Impendulo ye-cell immune immune kwi-fungi yiseti yeendlela zokukhusela ezisetyenziswe yi-immune system ukulwa nokuhlasela kunye nokwanda kwe-pathogenic fungi.

Umbuzo: Zeziphi iintlobo zeeseli eziphambili ezibandakanyekayo kwimpendulo yokuzivikela kwiselula ngokuchasene nefungi?
A: Iindidi eziphambili zeeseli ezibandakanyekayo kwimpendulo ye-cell immune against fungi yi-T lymphocytes, ezahlulwe kwiiseli ze-CD4 + T kunye neeseli ze-CD8 + T. I-Macrophages kunye neeseli ze-dendritic, phakathi kwabanye, nazo zithatha inxaxheba.

Umbuzo: Iiseli ze-immune system ziyibona njani i-pathogenic fungi?
A: Iiseli ze-immune system ziyakwazi ukuqaphela i-pathogenic fungi ngokusebenzisa i-receptors ethile ekhoyo kumphezulu wabo, njenge-Toll-like receptors (TLRs) kunye ne-lectin-like receptors (CLRs). Ezi zamkeli ziyakwazi ukuqaphela amacandelo emolekyuli anxulumene nomngundo, awaziwa njengeepateni zemolekyuli enxulumene ne-pathogen (PAMPs).

Umbuzo: Yiyiphi imisebenzi ephambili ye-⁤T iiseli⁤ kwimpendulo ye-immune yeselula ngokuchasene nefungi?
A: Iiseli ze-CD4 + T zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphenduleni komzimba kwi-fungi, kuba ziyakwazi ukufihla ii-cytokines ezikhuthaza ukusebenza kwezinye iiseli ze-immune system, ezifana ne-macrophages. Kwicala labo, iiseli ze-CD8+ T zinoxanduva lokuphelisa ngokuthe ngqo iiseli ezosulelwe ngumngundo.

Umbuzo: Iyiphi indima edlalwa yi-macrophages kwimpendulo ye-immune yeselula ngokuchasene nefungi?
A: I-Macrophages idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpendulo yokuzivikela kwiselula ngokuchasene nefungi, kuba iyakwazi ukwenza i-phagocytosing kunye nokuphelisa umngundo ohlaselayo. Ukongezelela, basebenza njengeeseli ze-antigen-presenting, zivuselela impendulo ye-T cell kunye nokukhuthaza impendulo esebenzayo yokuzivikela.

UMBUZO: Yintoni impendulo eguqukayo yokhuselo lomzimba ngokuchasene nefungi?
A: Ukuphendula okuguquguqukayo kwe-immune ngokuchasene nomngundo kubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kunye nokwandiswa kweeseli ezithile ze-immune system, ezifana neeseli ze-T kunye ne-B lymphocytes, ezivelisa iimpendulo ezikhethekileyo zokuzivikela ukulwa nosulelo lomngundo. Le mpendulo ibandakanya ukuveliswa kwe-antibodies yi-B lymphocytes kunye nokusebenza kweeseli ze-T ezithile ukulwa ngqo nefungi.

Umbuzo: Ngaba kukho umahluko kwimpendulo yokuzikhusela kwiselula ngokuchasene neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokungunda?
A: Ewe, kukho iiyantlukwano kwimpendulo yokuzikhusela kwiselula ngokuchasene neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokungunda. Uhlobo ngalunye lomngundo lunokubonisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ezimisela indlela amajoni omzimba asabela ngayo ekuhlaselweni kwawo. Ke ngoko, impendulo yokhuselo lomzimba inokwahluka ngamandla kunye nobude obuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwefungus olubandakanyekayo.

Umbuzo: Ziziphi iimpembelelo zeklinikhi zokungaphenduli kwe-immune yeselula ngokuchasene nefungi?
A: Ukungaphenduli kakuhle kwe-immune yeselula ngokuchasene nefungi kunokukhokelela kumngcipheko owongeziweyo okanye impendulo enganeleyo yokuzikhusela kwizifo zefungal. Oku kunokubangela ukwanda kokusuleleka kwintsholongwane okanye iimpendulo ezivuthayo ezingalawulwayo, ezinokubangela umonakalo wezicubu kunye neengxaki ezinzima zeklinikhi. Ke ngoko, ukuqonda kunye nokomeleza impendulo yokhuselo lomzimba ngokuchasene nefungi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela okanye ukunyanga usulelo lomngundo.

Ukuququmbela

Ukuququmbela, impendulo yeselula ye-immune ngokuchasene nefungi yinkqubo ephucukileyo kwaye elungelelanisiweyo ebandakanya ukuthatha inxaxheba kweeseli ezahlukeneyo kunye neemolekyuli. Ngeendlela ezisebenzayo ezifana ne-phagocytosis, i-antigen presentation, kunye nokusebenza kweeseli ze-T, amajoni omzimba adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni umzimba ngokuchasene nosulelo lomngundo.

Ukuchongwa kunye nokuqonda iindlela ezibandakanyekayo ekuphenduleni kwe-immune yeselula ngokuchasene nefungi kuye kwakhokelela ekuphuculeni okubalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni izicwangciso zonyango kunye nezitofu zokugonya, ngakumbi kwizigulane ezine-immune systems. Ngaphandle koku, kusekho imingeni emininzi ekufuneka isonjululwe, njengokunqongophala konyango olusebenzayo losulelo olunzima lomngundo kunye nesidingo sophando olungakumbi kwi-fungal immunology.

Isishwankathelo, uphononongo lwempendulo ye-immune yeselula ngokuchasene nefungi yintsimi eguqukayo kwaye ihlala iguquka, eneziphumo ezibalulekileyo zeklinikhi. Njengoko kusenziwa inkqubela-phambili ekuqondeni amajoni omzimba abandakanyekayo, indlela iyavulwa ukuze kuphuhliswe amayeza amatsha kunye nezicwangciso zokuthintela, ngenjongo yokugqibela yokuphucula impilo kunye nomgangatho wobomi babantu ⁢izigulana ezichatshazelwa⁤ lusulelo lomngundo.⁤