Iintlobo zeentsholongwane zekhompyutha

Iintlobo zeeVirus zeKhompyutha

Iintsholongwane zekhompyuter ziyingozi rhoqo kwihlabathi ledijithali. Ziye zaba yinkimbinkimbi kwaye ziyingozi, zibeka ukhuseleko lwabasebenzisi kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo zabo emngciphekweni. Ukwazi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane zekhompyutha kunye nendlela ezisasazeka ngayo kubalulekile ukukwazi ukuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela kunye nokuthintela okufunekayo Kweli nqaku, siya kuhlalutya ngokubanzi ezinye zeentlobo eziqhelekileyo zentsholongwane yekhompyutha, ukusuka kwiTrojans ukuya kwiimbungu kunye ne-ransomware. . Ukuqonda iimpawu zabo kunye nobuchule kuya kusinceda chonga kwaye ulwe ezi zoyikiso ze-cyber⁢ ngokusebenzayo.

IiTrojans, ezikwabizwa ngokuba yi-malware, ziinkqubo eziziguqula njengezicelo ezisemthethweni zokuqhatha abasebenzisi ukuba bafumane ukufikelela idatha yakho ulwazi lomntu siqu okanye oluyimfihlo. Ezi ntsholongwane zinokufihlwa ngaphakathi kweenkqubo ezibonakala zisemthethweni, njenge-antivirus yomgunyathi okanye umdlali wevidiyo. Nje ukuba iTrojan isebenze kwikhompyuter, inokwenza izenzo ezingalunganga ngaphandle kolwazi lomsebenzisi. Kubalulekile ukuba inkqubo elungileyo yokubona kunye nokususwa kwe-malware ukuzikhusela kwesi sisongelo.

Olunye uhlobo oluxhaphake kakhulu lwentsholongwane yekhompyutha ngumbungu. Ngokungafaniyo neTrojans, iintshulube zinokuphinda-phinda kwaye zisasaze ngokwazo, ngaphandle kokufuna ukubulawa ngumsebenzisi. Oku kubenza babe yingozi ngakumbi, njengoko banokosulela ngokukhawuleza inethiwekhi yonke. Iintshulube zihlala zixhaphaza ubuthathaka kwi inkqubo yokwenza okanye izicelo zokungena kwiikhompyutha. Xa sele bengaphakathi, banokubangela umonakalo, njengokucotha isantya senethiwekhi yakho okanye ukucima iifayile ezibalulekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuba uhlaziyo lwesoftware kunye nemilinganiselo yokhuseleko eyaneleyo yokuthintela ukusasazeka kolu hlobo lwentsholongwane.

Enye yeentsholongwane eziye zafumana udumo kwiminyaka yakutshanje yi-ransomware. Olu hlobo lwe-malware lufihla iifayile zomsebenzisi kwaye lufuna intlawulelo ukuze luzivule. I-Ransomware inokusasazeka ngee-imeyile zokukhohlisa okanye iiwebhusayithi ezinobungozi. Nje ukuba iifayile zifihliwe, umsebenzisi unokuzifumana kuphela ngokuhlawula intlawulelo, edla ngokufunwa kwii-cryptocurrencies. Thembele kwi i-backups ehlaziyiweyo kunye nenkqubo efanelekileyo ye-antivirus ibalulekile ukukhusela olu hlobo lohlaselo kunye nokukhusela ulwazi lomntu okanye ishishini.

Ngamafutshane, iintsholongwane zekhompyuter ziyingozi rhoqo kwihlabathi ledijithali. Ukwazi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane zekhompyuter kunye nendlela ezisasazeka ngayo kubalulekile ukukhusela izixhobo zethu kunye nedatha. Ukuba nemilinganiselo yokhuseleko eyaneleyo, efana nokubhaqwa kwe-malware kunye neenkqubo zokususa, ukuhlaziya isoftware kunye nokwenza iikopi zogcino, kuya kusivumela ukuba sijongane ngempumelelo nezi zoyikiso. Ukuhlala sinolwazi kwaye silumkele iimpawu ezinokubakhona zosulelo kuya kusinceda sigcine intembeko yeenkqubo zethu.

Tipos de Virus Informáticos

I-virus yefayile: Olu hlobo lwentsholongwane luzincamathele kwifayile ekhoyo okanye inkqubo kwaye isebenze xa ifayile eyosulelekileyo isenziwa. Bangonakalisa okanye bacime iifayile zenkqubo ebalulekileyo, kunye nokusasazeka kwezinye iifayile kwinethiwekhi okanye kwimidiya yokugcina yangaphandle. Eminye imizekelo yeentsholongwane zefayile yintsholongwane kaMelissa, iSasser virus, kunye neWannaCry virus.

Intsholongwane ye-boot: Ezi ntsholongwane zihlala kwicandelo le-boot ye ihadi drayivu okanye kwitafile yolwahlulo kwaye zivulwe xa iqala inkqubo yokusebenza. Bangosulela icandelo le-boot yezinye iidiski kunye nemidiya yokugcina, ivumela⁢ intsholongwane ukuba isasazeke naxa ifakiwe. esinye isixhobo kwikhompyutha. Umzekelo odumileyo wentsholongwane ye-boot yintsholongwane yeStoned, eyachaphazela iikhomputha zePC kwiminyaka yee-90.

Iimpethu: Iintshulube ziinkqubo ezikhohlakeleyo ezisasazeke kuthungelwano, zixhaphaza ubuthathaka iinkqubo zokusebenza okanye⁤ izicelo. Ngokungafaniyo neentsholongwane, iintshulube ⁢akufuni⁤ ukuba zizincamathele kwifayile ekhoyo ukosulela inkqubo. Xa sele bengaphakathi, banokuziphindaphinda kwaye basasazeke ngokukhawuleza kwinethiwekhi, echaphazela izixhobo ezininzi kwimizuzu. I-Blaster worm kunye ne-Conficker worm yimizekelo eyaziwayo yokuhlaselwa kweentshulube kwixesha elidlulileyo.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba le yimizekelo nje embalwa yabaninzi abakhoyo namhlanje. Abaphuli mthetho be-intanethi bahlala bephuhlisa iindlela ezintsha kunye nokwahluka ukungena kwiinkqubo kwaye babe ulwazi.⁢ Gcina isoftware ihlaziywa, sebenzisa iinkqubo ze-antivirus Iiwebhusayithi ezithembekileyo kunye nokwazi izenzo zokhuseleko kwi-intanethi ziindlela ezisebenzayo zokuzikhusela⁤ kwezi zoyikiso zedijithali.

1. I-Virus yokuFakela iFayile Intsholongwane yokuncamathela luhlobo lwentsholongwane yekhompyuter esasazeka ngee-imeyile okanye imiyalezo ebhaliweyo.

Intsholongwane yokuncamathela luhlobo lwe intsholongwane yekhompyutha esasazwa ngee-imeyile okanye imiyalezo ebhaliweyo. Ingcamango esisiseko emva kolu hlobo lwentsholongwane kukuba ifakwe kwifayile kumyalezo kwaye xa umsebenzisi evula okanye ekhuphela ifayile enesifo, intsholongwane iyasebenza kwaye iqala ukosulela inkqubo. Ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zokuncamathela ezisetyenziselwa ukusasaza iintsholongwane ngamaxwebhu eOfisi kaMicrosoft, afana neWord, Excel, kunye nePowerPoint, kunye neefayile ezisebenzisekayo, ezinjengeefayile ze.exe. Kubalulekile ukuba silumke xa uvula izincamatheliso, njengoko zinokuqulatha iintsholongwane okanye i-malware enokubeka esichengeni ukhuseleko lwethu. iikhompyutha.

Enye yeengozi ezinkulu xa ujongene nentsholongwane yokuncamathela kukukwazi ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza ngee-imeyile kunye nemiyalezo. Ezi ntsholongwane zihlala zithatha ithuba lobuchule bobunjineli bezentlalo ukukhohlisa abasebenzisi ukuba bakholelwe ukuba uncamathiselo lusemthethweni. Emva kokuba umsebenzisi ewela emgibeni kwaye avule ifayile, intsholongwane iyasebenza kwaye inokosulela inkqubo yexhoba kuphela, kodwa iphinde ithumele iikopi zayo kwabanye abafowunelwa kwincwadi yedilesi yexhoba. Oku kunokukhokelela ekusasazeni ngokukhawuleza kwentsholongwane, echaphazela inani elikhulu labantu. iikhompyutha.

Ukuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane ezincamathelayo, kubalulekile ukulandela iindlela ezithile zokhuseleko eziluqilima kuqala, kubalulekile ukuba ne isoftware ye-antivirus ehlaziyiweyo kwikhompyuter yethu enokubona kwaye isuse naziphi na iintsholongwane ezinokuba yingozi. Ukongeza, kufuneka silumke xa sivula naluphi na uncamathiselo kwaye siqinisekise ukuba luvela kumthombo othembekileyo. Ukuba asiqinisekanga malunga nokunyaniseka kwesincamatheliso, kuyacetyiswa ukuba singasivuli kwaye siqinisekise kunye nomthumeli ngaphambi kokwenza njalo. Ngala manyathelo okhuseleko, sinokuwunciphisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka yintsholongwane kwaye sigcine eyethu iikhompyutha ekhuselweyo.

2. Iintshulube zeKhompyutha Iintshulube zekhompyuter ziinkqubo ezikhohlakeleyo eziphindaphindayo kwaye zisasazeke ngaphandle kokosulela iifayile

Iimbungu zekhompyuter Ziiprogram ezinobungozi eziphindaphindayo kwaye zisasazeke ngaphandle kwesidingo sokosulela iifayile. Ngokungafaniyo neentsholongwane, iintshulube azifuni ukuba ifayile yenginginya incamathelise, nto leyo ezenza zibe lula kwaye kube nzima ukuzibhaqa. Ezi nkqubo zikhohlakeleyo zithatha ithuba lobuthathaka kwiinkqubo zokusebenza kunye neenkqubo zokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza ngothungelwano kunye nezixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kwi-Intanethi.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeentshulube zekhompyuter, nganye inomsebenzi wayo kunye nendlela yokusasaza. Ezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo ziquka iintshulube ze-imeyile, ezisasazwa ngemiyalezo engafunwayo ethunyelwe kuluhlu lwabafowunelwa; iintshulube zenethiwekhi, ezithatha ithuba lobuthathaka⁤ kwisiseko sothungelwano ukusasazeka kwezinye iinkqubo; ⁣kunye ne-Internet worms, ethatha ithuba lobuthathaka ⁤kwizikhangeli zewebhu kunye neewebhusayithi ukosulela izixhobo zabasebenzisi.

Iimbungu zekhompyuter zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwiinkqubo kunye nolwazi olugcinwe kuzo. Ngokusasaza ngokukhawuleza, banokukhupha izixhobo zenkqubo kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi. Ukongeza, ezinye iintshulube ziyilelwe ukuba iinkcukacha ezibuthathaka, ezifana nephasiwedi kunye neenkcukacha zebhanki, ezinokuthi zibe nemiphumo emibi kukhuseleko kunye nokuba yimfihlo kwabasebenzisi. Ukukhusela kwiintshulube zekhompyutha, kubalulekile ukugcina isoftwe yokhuseleko isexesheni kuzo zonke izixhobo, kuphephe ukucofa amakhonkco arhanelwayo okanye ukuvula izincamatheliso kwimithombo engaziwayo, kwaye usebenzise amagama ayimfihlo anamandla, awodwa kuzo zonke iinkonzo ze-intanethi.

3. IiTrojani IiTrojani ziinkqubo ezibonakala njengesoftware esemthethweni yokuqhatha abasebenzisi ukuba bavumele ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kwiinkqubo zabo.

IiTrojans Ba luhlobo lwentsholongwane yekhompyuter eziguqula njengeenkqubo ezisemthethweni zokuqhatha abasebenzisi ekufumaneni ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kwiinkqubo zabo. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindidi zeentsholongwane, iiTrojani aziziphindaphindi, kodwa endaweni yoko zingena kwisixhobo okanye kuthungelwano kwaye zihlale apho de zisebenze. Ezi ntsholongwane zinokuba yingozi kakhulu kwaye zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwiinkqubo kunye nakubucala babasebenzisi.

Cuando un troyano ichaphazela ikhompyutha okanye inethiwekhi, inokuvumela abahlaseli ukuba bafikelele kwaye balawule inkqubo bekude. Ukongeza, iiTrojans zinokungena kwizitshixo kwikhibhodi, rekhoda isikrini okanye uvule ikhamera kunye nemakrofoni yesixhobo esosulelekileyo, esibeka emngciphekweni ubumfihlo babasebenzisi.

IiTrojans Zihlala zisasazwa ngee-"imeyile" zobuqhetseba, apho i-attachment okanye "ikhonkco elikhohlakeleyo" linikezelwa ukuba, xa livuliwe okanye lityelelwe, livumela ukufakwa kwentsholongwane. Zinokufumaneka nakwiiwebhusayithi ezosulelekileyo okanye ngeefayile ezikhutshelweyo kwimithombo engathembekanga. Ukuzikhusela kolu hlaselo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isoftwe ye-antivirus elungileyo kwaye uyigcine ihlaziywa rhoqo. Ukongeza, isilumkiso kufuneka sithatyathwe xa uvula ii-imeyile ezivela kubathumeli abangaziwayo kwaye uthintele ukucofa amakhonkco akrokrelayo okanye ukukhuphela iifayile kwimithombo engathembekanga.

Ngokufutshane, iiTrojans ziinkqubo ezingalunganga ezizibonakalisa njengesoftware esemthethweni⁤ ukuqhatha abasebenzisi ukuba bavumele ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kwiinkqubo. Ezi ntsholongwane zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwinqanaba lenkqubo kunye nakubumfihlo babasebenzisi. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela, njengokusebenzisa isoftware ye-antivirus elungileyo kunye nokulumka xa uvula ii-imeyile okanye ukhuphela iifayile kwimithombo engaziwayo. Ukhuseleko lweKhompyutha luxanduva ekwabelwana ngalo, kwaye ⁢ngokwaziswa kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko, singakwazi ukukhusela iinkqubo zethu ngokuchasene nezoyikiso ezifana ⁤Trojans.

4. ispyware ⁤ I-Spyware luhlobo lwentsholongwane yekhompyutha esetyenziselwa ukuqokelela ulwazi lomntu siqu, olufana namagama ayimfihlo kunye neenkcukacha zebhanki, ngaphandle kolwazi lomsebenzisi.

I-Spyware yenye yezona ntlobo zaziwayo kunye nezoyikwayo zeentsholongwane zekhompyuter.⁤ Le malware ingena kwizixhobo zethu ngaphandle kwemvume yethu kwaye eyona njongo yayo kukuqokelela iinkcukacha zomntu. Isebenzisa ngokufihlakeleyo izixhobo zethu zekhompyuter kwaye ibambe idatha eyimfihlo, efana namagama ayimfihlo kunye neenombolo zekhadi letyala, sibeka emngciphekweni⁤ ubumfihlo bethu kunye nokhuseleko kwi-intanethi.

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokosulelwa yi-spyware, ukucofa amakhonkco angalunganga kwii-imeyile ze-spam ukukhuphela iinkqubo okanye izinamathiselo kwimithombo engathembekanga. Nje ukuba ispyware singene kwinkqubo yethu, sinokubeka iliso kwimisebenzi yethu ye-intanethi, siqokelele ulwazi olubuthathaka kwaye siyithumele kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kolwazi okanye imvume yethu. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba i-spyware ihlala ifihliwe kwiinkqubo ezibonakala zingenabungozi njengeetoolbar okanye i-plug-ins yesikhangeli.

Ngethamsanqa, kukho amanyathelo esinokuwathatha ukuze sizikhusele kwi-spyware. Okokuqala, kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba sisebenzisa inkqubo ehlaziyiweyo ye-antivirus equka ukhuseleko kwi-spyware. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba ulumke xa ucofa amakhonkco angaziwayo okanye ukhuphela iifayile kwimithombo engathembekanga. Ukungavuli ii-imeyile ezikrokrisayo okanye ukucofa kwiintengiso ezingathembekanga nako kuya kunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-spyware. Ukwenza iskeni rhoqo kwispyware kunye nokugcina inkqubo yokusebenza kunye neenkqubo ezihlala zihlaziywa zikwangamanyathelo aphambili okusigcina sikhuselekile kolu hlobo lwe-malware ehlaselayo.

5. IRansomware I-Ransomware luhlobo lwentsholongwane yekhompyuter ethintela ukufikelela kwiifayile okanye iinkqubo kwaye ifuna intlawulelo yokukhululwa kwayo.

I-Ransomware yenye yezona ntlobo ziyingozi zeentsholongwane zekhompyuter ezikhoyo namhlanje. Isasazeka ngee-imeyile ezinezinamathiselo ezosulelekileyo okanye ngeewebhusayithi ezisengozini. Nje ukuba i-ransomware isebenze kwisistim, ivimba ukufikelela kwiifayile okanye nakwinkqubo yonke, ithintela umsebenzisi ukuba afikelele kulwazi lwabo olubalulekileyo. Ekuphela kwendlela yokufikelela kwakhona kukuhlawula intlawulelo kubaphuli-mthetho be-intanethi.

Kukho iinguqu ezahlukeneyo ze-ransomware, nganye ineempawu zayo kunye neendlela zokufihla. Eminye imizekelo eqhelekileyo ibandakanya i-CryptoLocker, i-WannaCry, kunye ne-Locky. Ezi ntsholongwane zisebenzisa i-encryption algorithms ukutshixa iifayile kwaye emva koko zicele intlawulo yentlawulelo kwii-cryptocurrencies ezifana neBitcoin ukuze zivuleke. Abaphuli-mthetho be-intanethi abasemva kwe-ransomware bahlala bebeka imihla eyoyikisayo yokucinezela amaxhoba ukuba ahlawule, ngaloo ndlela benyusa uxinzelelo kunye noloyiko lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza.

Ukukhusela ngokuchasene ne-ransomware, kubalulekile ukugcina isoftware kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza zisexesheni. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba ne-a isipele yazo zonke iifayile ezibalulekileyo kwaye uzigcine kude naso nasiphi na isixhobo esiqhagamshelwe kuthungelwano. Kukwacetyiswa ngamandla ukuba ungacofa amakhonkco akrokrisayo okanye ukhuphele uncamathiselo kwimithombo engathembekanga. Imfundo malunga nothintelo kunye nokwazisa ngohlaselo lwe-ransomware nazo zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokuthintela ukuba lixhoba. Khumbula, kusoloko kungcono ukukhuseleka kunokuba uxolo, njengoko i-ransomware inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu wobuqu kunye neshishini.

6. Iibhotshi IiBotnets ziinethiwekhi zeekhompyuter ezosulelekileyo ezilawulwa ngabaphuli-mthetho be-cyber, ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza uhlaselo olukhulu, olusasazwayo.

6. Iibhotshi

IiBotnets ziinethiwekhi zeekhompyuter ezosulelekileyo ezilawulwa ngabaphuli-mthetho be-cyber, ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza uhlaselo olukhulu, olusasazwayo.

Kwihlabathi le-cybersecurity, ii-botnets zibonisa isoyikiso esibalulekileyo kubantu kunye nemibutho. Ezi intanethi zeekhomputha ezinobungozi zingasetyenziselwa izinto ezinobungozi, ezifana nokuthumela i-spam, ukubiwa ulwazi lomntu kunye nemali, ukusabalalisa i-malware, kunye nokuqalisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-DDoS.

• Spam: ⁤Omnye weyona misebenzi iphambili ye-botnets⁣ kukuthunyelwa kwee-imeyile ze-spam ezininzi. Lo mkhuba awunakongamela iiseva zeposi kuphela kwaye wonakalise isidima senkampani, kodwa unokukhokelela ekusasazweni kwe-malware ngokuncamathisela ngobuqhetseba okanye amakhonkco.
• Ukubiwa⁤ kolwazi: IiBotnets ziyilelwe ukuqokelela idatha yomsebenzisi enovakalelo, efana namagama ayimfihlo, amanani ekhadi letyala, kunye nolunye ulwazi lwezemali. Olu lwazi lungasetyenziselwa ukwenza ubuqhophololo bezemali okanye ukuthengisa kwimarike emnyama.
• Uhlaselo lweDDoS: I-Botnets nayo isetyenziselwa ukuqalisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-distributed denial of service (DDoS), ejolise ekugqithiseni i-website okanye inethiwekhi kunye nenani elikhulu lezithuthi, okubangelwa ukungafikeleleki kwayo. yabasebenzisi esemthethweni. Olu hlaselo lunokonakalisa kakhulu iinkampani, luchaphazele igama labo kwaye lubangele ilahleko yemali.

Ukudala nokulawula i-botnet kufuna izakhono zobugcisa obuphambili, okwenza kube nzima ukubhaqa kunye nokususa. Izigebenga ze-Cybercriminal zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokosulela kunye nokugaya iikhomputha kuthungelwano lwabo, njengokuthumela i-spam enezihlomelo ezinobungozi, ukusebenzisa ubuthathaka besoftware, kunye nokukhohlisa abasebenzisi ukuba bakhuphele isoftware eyosulelekileyo.

Ukukhusela kwi-botnets, kubalulekile ukuba ne-software ye-antivirus ehlaziyiweyo kwaye ugcine izixhobo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza zihlaziyiwe kunye neepetshi zokhuseleko zamva nje, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ugweme ukuvula ii-imeyile okanye ucofe amakhonkco akrokrelayo, ngokunjalo Sebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo anamandla, awodwa ukukhusela iiakhawunti ze-intanethi. Ngokwamkela la manyathelo okhuseleko, kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuba lixhoba le-botnets kunye nezinye izenzo zobugebengu kwihlabathi ledijithali.

7. Rootkits I-Rootkits ziinkqubo ezinobungozi ezifihla ubukho bazo kwaye zivumele ulawulo olupheleleyo kwinkqubo eyosulelekileyo.

---

7. Rootkits

Kwihlabathi lokhuseleko lwekhompyuter, rootkits Ziinkqubo ezikhohlakeleyo ezibonakaliswa ngokufihla ngokupheleleyo ubukho bazo kwinkqubo eyosulelekileyo. Ezi software ziyilelwe ukuphepha ukubhaqwa kwe-antivirus kwaye zivumele ulawulo olupheleleyo kwinkqubo esengozini. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo ze-malware, i-rootkits ifaka ngokufihlakeleyo nangokuthe cwaka, ingabonakali kumsebenzisi kunye nakwizixhobo zokhuseleko eziphezulu.

Eyona njongo iphambili ye rootkits igcina ufikelelo olungagunyaziswanga kwisixokelelwano, ngoko ke ivumela abahlaseli ukuba benze izenzo ezingalunganga ngaphandle kokubhaqwa. Ezi nkqubo zinokufihla iifayile, iinkqubo kunye namazibuko, ukuguqula useto yenkqubo yokusebenza kwaye uguqule iilog zesiganeko ukucima nabuphi na ubungqina bomsebenzi wakho. Ukongeza, ii-rootkits zinokusebenzisa iindlela ezintsonkothileyo ezinje ngenkqubo kunye nokwenza ukuba kube nzima ukubhaqa kunye nokususa.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze rootkits ngokwendlela abangena ngayo kwisistim. Iirootkits zomgangatho womsebenzisi zifakwe njengezicelo ezisemthethweni okanye izixhobo kwaye zithatha ithuba leemvume ezinikezelwe ngumsebenzisi ukwenza izenzo ezingalunganga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-kernel-level rootkits ifakwe kwinqanaba elinzulu lenkqubo yokusebenza, evumela ulawulo olupheleleyo kwi-hardware kunye nesofthiwe. yekhompyutha. Ezi rootkits ziyingozi kakhulu njengoko zinokukhubaza naziphi na iindlela zokukhusela eziphunyezwe kwinkqubo.

---

8. Intsholongwane enkulu⁢ Iintsholongwane zeMacro ziinkqubo ezikhohlakeleyo eziqhuba ngaphakathi kumaxwebhu kwaye ⁤iphakamisa iimacros ukosulela iinkqubo.

Iintsholongwane zeMacro Ziinkqubo ezikhohlakeleyo eziqhuba ngaphakathi kumaxwebhu kwaye zithatha ithuba le-macros ukosulela iinkqubo. Ezi ntsholongwane zingena kwiifayile ze-Microsoft Office, ezifana ne-Word, Excel okanye i-PowerPoint, kwaye zisebenze ngokuzenzekelayo xa uxwebhu oluchaphazelekayo luvulwa. Ngokusebenzisa i-macros, imiyalelo eyongezelelweyo iyenziwa evumela ukuba intsholongwane ifikelele kwaye iguqule iifayile kwisistim, kunye nokusabalalisa kwamanye amaxwebhu okanye ukuthumela ulwazi oluyimfihlo kumaseva angaphandle.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze intsholongwane enkulu enokuchaphazela iikhompyuter ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Enye yezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo yintsholongwane yokuzimela, ephindaphinda ngokukhawuleza kwaye isasazeke ngee-macros ezifihliweyo kumaxwebhu abiwe kwinethiwekhi okanye athunyelwe nge-imeyile. Ezi ntsholongwane zingonakalisa okanye zicime iifayile ezibalulekileyo, zibangele ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo, kwaye zivumele ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kulwazi olubuthathaka.

Ukuze uzikhusele intsholongwane enkulu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uthathe amanyathelo okhuseleko. Okokuqala, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa uvula izinamathiselo ze-imeyile okanye ukukhuphela amaxwebhu kwimithombo engathembekanga. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesoftware ye-antivirus ehlaziyiweyo kwaye uskena rhoqo⁤ amaxwebhu angenayo. Kukwacetyiswa ukuba ukhubaze iimacros kwiinkqubo zeOfisi yeMicrosoft, ngaphandle kokuba kuyimfuneko ngokungqongqo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo. Ngokulandela la manyathelo, unganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba lixhoba lezi nkqubo zikhohlakeleyo.

9. I-Adware ⁢ I-Adware luhlobo lwentsholongwane yekhompyuter ebonisa iintengiso ezingafunekiyo kwaye iqokelele ulwazi malunga nemikhwa yokubrawuza yomsebenzisi.

I-Adware luhlobo lwentsholongwane yekhompyuter enokubangela ukucaphuka kunye nokuphazamiseka kubasebenzisi bekhompyuter. Olu hlobo lwe-malware luphawulwa ngokubonisa iintengiso ezingafunekiyo ngendlela yee-pop-ups, iibhena okanye iifestile ezizivelelayo ngelixa ukhangela i-Intanethi. Eyona njongo iphambili ye-adware kukwenza ingeniso yentengiso ngokukhuthaza iimveliso ezingacelwanga okanye iinkonzo. Nangona kunjalo, inokuthi iqokelele ulwazi malunga nemikhwa yokujonga umsebenzisi, ebeka esichengeni ubumfihlo kunye nokhuseleko lomntu ochaphazelekayo.

Enye yeengozi eziphambili ze-adware ⁢is⁤ kukuba itya izixhobo zenkqubo, icothisa ukusebenza kwekhompyuter kwaye icuthe ukuphendula kwayo. Ngaphaya koko, ubukho obuqhubekayo beentengiso ezingacelwanga bunokucaphukisa kakhulu kwaye buphazamise amava okukhangela. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-adware inokufakwa ngaphandle kolwazi lomsebenzisi okanye imvume, ukuthatha inzuzo yobuthathaka kwisistim okanye ngokukhuphela isoftware enokuthi ingakhuselekanga.

Ukuzikhusela kwi-adware, kubalulekile ukuba nenkqubo ye-antivirus ehlaziyiweyo, ehlaziyiweyo kunye ne-anti-malware. Ezi zixhobo zinokubhaqa kwaye zisuse i-adware ngokufanelekileyo, ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwayo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwekhompyutha. Kukwacetyiswa ukuba uthintele ukukhuphela isoftware kwimithombo engaziwayo okanye ekrokrisayo, kunye nokugcina iinkqubo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza zihlaziywa ukunqanda ubuthathaka obunokwenzeka. Ngamafutshane, ukuphapha kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko kwi-intanethi ngamanyathelo abalulekileyo okuzikhusela kwi-adware kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-malware.

10. Ukuphanga nge-intanethi I-Phishing ⁤bubuchule bobuqhetseba obusetyenziswa ngootsotsi be-intanethi ukufumana iinkcukacha zobuqu nezemali kubasebenzisi.

1. Unyango lwezemithi

   ⁢ Ukwenza iPharming luhlobo lohlaselo lobuqhetseba olusekwe⁤ ekwalathiseni kwakhona⁢ umsebenzisi kwiwebhusayithi eyinkohliso ngaphandle kolwazi lwakhe, ngohlengahlengiso kwiinkqubo ze-DNS (inkqubo yegama lesizinda). Kulolu hlobo lohlaselo, i-cybercriminal ifuna ukufumana ulwazi oluyimfihlo, olufana nephasiwedi okanye iinkcukacha zebhanki, ngokukhohlisa umsebenzisi ukuba afake idatha yakhe kwindawo yobuxoki. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele kwaye uhlale uqinisekisa ubunyani bewebhusayithi ngaphambi kokubonelela naluphi na uhlobo lolwazi lomntu okanye lwemali.

2. Email phishing

   I-imeyile ye-phishing yenye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zohlaselo. Ibandakanya ukuthumela ii-imeyile zomgunyathi ezinkulu ezibonakala ngathi ziphuma kumaziko asemthethweni, anjengeebhanki okanye iivenkile ezaziwayo ze-intanethi. Ezi imeyile zihlala zibandakanya amakhonkco angalunganga okanye izincamatheliso ezinokuthi, xa zicofa okanye zikhutshelwe, zinokosulela ikhompyuter yomsebenzisi nge-malware okanye zibakhokele kwiwebhusayithi yobuxoki ukuze babe idatha yabo. ⁢Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isilumkiso xa uvula ii-imeyile ezivela kubathumeli abangaziwayo okanye abakrokrelayo⁢ kwaye unqande ukunika ulwazi olubuthathaka ngezi ndlela.

3. Smishing

   ⁣ Smishing luhlobo lobuqhetseba obuthatha ithuba lemiyalezo ebhaliweyo ⁢(SMS) ukuzama ukukhohlisa abasebenzisi. Abaphuli-mthetho be-intanethi bathumela imiyalezo engeyonyani okanye ebonakala ngathi isemthethweni ngenjongo yokufumana iinkcukacha zobuqu nezemali. Le miyalezo inokuqulatha iilinki ezinobungozi okanye icele impendulo yomsebenzisi ngedatha ebuthathaka. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba amaziko asemthethweni, afana neebhanki, akanakuze acele ulwazi olubuthathaka ngemiyalezo ebhaliweyo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba ulumke kwaye ungaze unikezele ngedatha yobuqu okanye yezemali ngolu hlobo.