Iindlela zokumisa udaka? Izihlandlo ezininzi, iintaba-mlilo zigqabhuka zize zikhuphe udaka olukhulu, nto leyo enokuba sisisongelo kuluntu olukufutshane. Ngethamsanqa, iingcali zentaba-mlilo ziye zaphuhliswa iindlela ezisebenzayo ukuzama ukulawula ukuhamba kwelava kwaye uphephe umonakalo ongakumbi. Ngokudityaniswa kweendlela zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, sifuna ukuqondisa ngokutsha okanye ukupholisa i-lava ukunciphisa impembelelo yayo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa ezinye zazo iindlela kunye nendlela abanokunceda ngayo ukumisa okanye ukuphambukisa udaka ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ilawulwa.
– Inyathelo ngenyathelo ➡️ Iindlela zokumisa udaka?
Iindlela zokumisa udaka?
- 1. Izithintelo zogcino: Iindonga zomhlaba okanye zekhonkrithi zisetyenziselwa ukuzama ukuphambukisa ukuhambela phambili kodaka.
- 2. Iinkqubo zokupholisa: Amanzi atshizwa kwi-lava ukuze aphole kwaye aqinise, enze umqobo womzimba.
- 3. UkuTrenda: Umsele wembiwa kwindlela yodaka ukuze ujike ukuhamba kwawo nokucothisa ukuhamba kwawo.
- 4. Ukuqhushumba ngamanzi: Amandla amanzi aqikelelwa kuxinzelelo oluphezulu asetyenziselwa ukwaphula umphezulu we-lava kunye nokuwupholisa.
- 5. Construcción de diques: Iindonga zomhlaba okanye zamatye zakhiwe ukuze ziqulathe udaka lwentaba-mlilo kwaye luyiphambukise kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo.
- 6. Isitofu sekhemikhali: Imichiza itofwa kwilava ukukhawulezisa ukupholisa nokuqiniswa kwayo.
- 7. Ukusetyenziswa kweziqhushumbisi: Iziqhushumbisi zitshatyalaliswe ngobuchule ukudala imiqobo eyenziweyo ethintela ukuqhubela phambili kodaka.
- 8. Ukusetyenziswa kwelava yobushushu obuphantsi: Ilava yobushushu obusezantsi isetyenziselwa ukwenza "udonga" oluphambukisa udaka olushushu.
Ezi zezinye zeendlela ezisetyenziswayo ukuzama ukunqanda udaka lwentaba-mlilo ngexesha logqabhuko-dubulo. Indlela nganye inemida yayo kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kunokuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana nobuninzi be-lava kunye nobushushu bayo. Nangona kunjalo, izazinzulu kunye neengcali ziyaqhubeka nokuphanda kunye nokuphuhlisa izicwangciso ezintsha zokulawula le nto iyingozi yendalo.
Imibuzo neempendulo
1. Ziziphi iindlela zokumisa udaka?
- Ukwembiwa komsele: Kwenziwa imisele ukuphambukisa udaka nokukhusela iindawo ezisesichengeni.
- Isitofu samanzi: Amanzi atshizwa ukuze aqina kwaye apholise udaka lwentaba-mlilo, lunqande ukuhambela phambili kwalo.
- Umsele weLava: Imijelo isetyenziselwa ukwalathisa ukuhamba kwelava kude neendawo ezihlala abantu.
- Ukutyunyuzwa koomatshini: Ilava ityunyuzwa phantsi koxinzelelo lomatshini onzima ukucothisa intshukumo yawo.
- Ukwakhiwa kwemiqobo: Iindonga zekhonkrithi, zentsimbi okanye zamatye zakhiwe ukuvala udaka lwangaphambili.
2. Ziziphi izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwakha izithintelo ze-lava?
- Ikhonkrithi: Ingasetyenziselwa ukwakha iindonga ezichasene nobushushu kunye noxinzelelo lwelava.
- Isinyithi: Amaphepha esinyithi angasetyenziselwa ukudala izithintelo ezichasene ne-lava.
- Rocas: Ukuqokelela amatye amakhulu, awomeleleyo kunokwenza imiqobo yendalo ngokuchasene nokuhamba kodaka.
3. Uluthintela njani udaka ekonakaleni iziseko ezingundoqo ezifana neendlela okanye izakhiwo?
- Ukuphambukiswa kweLava: Imisele okanye imijelo yakhelwe ukuphambukisa ukuhamba kwelava nokukhusela iziseko zophuhliso.
- Ukupholisa iLava: Amanzi atshizwa kwi-lava ukuyiqinisa kwaye imise ukuhamba kwayo ukuya kwisiseko.
- Uso de barreras: Izithintelo ezibonakalayo ezenziwe ngekhonkrithi, isinyithi okanye amatye zakhiwe ukuthintela ukuhamba kwe-lava.
4. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukucima i-lava ngamanzi?
- Ewe, inyección de agua kwi-lava inokuyipholisa kwaye iyiqinise.
- Amanzi kufuneka isetyenziswe ngobuninzi kwaye isebenze rhoqo.
5. Ithatha ixesha elingakanani udaka ukuqina?
- Ixesha elifunekayo ukuze i-lava iqine iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiqondo lokushisa kunye ne-viscosity.
- Kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo, inokuthwala horas o días ukuze i-lava iphole kwaye iqine ngokupheleleyo.
6. Ziziphi iingozi zokuzama ukunqanda udaka lwentaba-mlilo?
- Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu: Ilava inokukhupha amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu, ibeka ingozi ebantwini nakwizixhobo ezisetyenziswayo.
- Irhasi enetyhefu: I-lava inokukhupha iigesi ezinetyhefu ngexesha lokuhamba kunye nokupholisa, nto leyo enokuba yingozi ngenxa yempilo.
- Uxinzelelo kunye namandla atshabalalisayo: Ukuhamba kwe-lava kunokusebenzisa uxinzelelo olukhulu kunye nokunyanzeliswa, okwenza kube nzima ukulawula kunye nokubeka ingozi kwizakhiwo ezikufutshane kunye nabantu.
7. Ziziphi izakhono ezifunekayo ukunqanda udaka?
- Ulwazi lobugcisa: Amava kunye nolwazi kubunjineli kunye ne-geology iyafuneka ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa ubuchule obufanelekileyo.
- Izakhono zokusebenza njengeqela: Ukumisa i-lava ngokuqhelekileyo ngumzamo wentsebenziswano phakathi kweengcali ezahlukeneyo.
- Ulawulo lwengozi: Ukwazi indlela yokuvavanya kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko ohambelana nokumisa i-lava kubalulekile.
8. Ngaba kukho iindlela zendalo zokumisa udaka?
- Ewe, ezinye iindlela zendalo zokumisa i-lava ziquka sebenzisa imiqobo yamatye okanye iphinde iqondise ukuhamba kwayo ukunqumla kwiimo zomhlaba ezinjengamathambeka okanye imiwonyo.
- Nangona kunjalo, ezi ndlela azihlali zisebenza ngokupheleleyo kwaye zixhomekeke kwiimpawu zomhlaba kunye nokuhamba kwe-lava.
9. Ngaba kukho ubugcisa obuphambili bokumisa udaka?
- Ewe, ezinye iitekhnoloji eziphambili ezisetyenziselwa ukumisa i-lava ziquka ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuxhathisa eziphezulu kunye noomatshini abakhethekileyo bokwakha imiqobo eqinileyo.
- Ukongeza, iinkqubo zenziwe abenzi boluvo kunye nokucupha ukujonga ukuhamba kwe-lava kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela ngexesha.
10. Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokumisa udaka?
- Akukho ndlela enye, esetyenziswayo jikelele yokumisa udaka, njengoko ugqabhuko-dubulo ngalunye lwentaba-mlilo lunemingeni ekhethekileyo kunye neempawu.
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo ixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nendawo, uhlobo lwe-lava, isantya sokuhamba, kunye neziseko ezisengozini.
- Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba ube ne iingcebiso kunye namava kwiingcali kulo mmandla ukumisela eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo kwimeko nganye.
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