Emhlabeni Namhlanje, izixhobo zombane ziye zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Iifowuni eziphathwayo, ngakumbi, zikho kuyo yonke indawo kwaye zisivumela ukuba sihlale siqhagamshelwe ngamaxesha onke. Nangona kunjalo, kuvela iinkxalabo malunga nokusasazeka kwemitha kwezi zixhobo kunye nendlela ethelekisa ngayo nemitha yemitha evela kwezinye izixhobo, ezinje ngoomatshini be-x-ray Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga umahluko phakathi kwemitha yemitha ekhutshwa yiselfowuni kunye ne-X -isixhobo se-ray ukusuka kwindlela yobugcisa kunye nethoni engathathi hlangothi.
1. Imigaqo esisiseko yemitha ye-electromagnetic radiation kunye ne-ionizing radiation
Imitha ye-electromagnetic radiation kunye ne-ionizing radiation ziziganeko ezifumaneka kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zamandla asasazeka kwindawo. Zibonakaliswa yindalo yazo yamaza kunye nokukwazi ukusebenzisana nomcimbi. Ukuqonda imigaqo esisiseko yezi ntlobo zemitha yemitha kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuziphatha kwazo kunye neziphumo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
Imitha yemitha yombane igubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwamaza amaza, ukusuka kumaza erediyo ukuya kwimitha ye-gamma. Yenziwe ngamasuntswana e-subatomic abizwa ngokuba ziifoton, ezingenawo amandla ombane kunye nobunzima. Ezi photon zihamba ngendlela yamaza, kwaye amandla azo anxulumene nokuphindaphinda kwawo. Imitha ye-electromagnetic ibalulekile kunxibelelwano, kusasazo, kwi-spectroscopy kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezininzi zobuchwepheshe.
Kwelinye icala, imitha ye-ionizing inamandla okuhluba ii-elektroni kwii-athomu okanye iiathomu ezisebenzisana nazo, ezivelisa ii-ion, ezibandakanya i-X-reyi, imitha ye-gamma kunye namasuntswana angaphantsi, anokuba neziphumo ezinobungozi kwizinto eziphilayo. kuba inokuguqula imathiriyeli yemfuza kwaye ibangele izifo ezinjengomhlaza. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela imithombo ye-ionizing radiation kwaye usebenzise amanyathelo afanelekileyo okukhusela ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kuyo.
2. Iimpawu zotshiso lwemitha olukhutshwa yiselfowuni
Imitha yemitha ekhutshwa yiselfowuni yinkxalabo eqhubekayo yabasebenzisi. Ngezantsi kukho iimpawu ezifanelekileyo kwesi sihloko:
1. Ukusasazeka kwemitha: Iiselfowuni zikhupha imitha ye-electromagnetic ngendlela yamaza kanomathotholo aphezulu. Le mitha yemitha ifumaneka kuluhlu lwe-microwave, phakathi kwe-800 kunye ne-2.200 megahertz (MHz) Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukuphakama kwe-radiation frequency, ubukhulu be-energy ekhutshwayo kunye nomthamo omkhulu wokungena kwiithishu umzimba womntu.
2. I-SAR: I-Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) ngumlinganiselo osetyenziswayo ukumisela ubungakanani bamandla afunxwa yigram nganye yethishu yomzimba evezwe kwimitha yeselula yeselula imodeli. Imida ye-SAR ebekwe ngabasemagunyeni abalawulayo iyahluka phakathi kwamazwe, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ikuluhlu lwe-0,6 ukuya kwi-1,6 W/kg.
3. Iziphumo zexesha elide: Nangona kungekho bungqina bubambekayo, uphando oluninzi lubonisa ukuba ukuvezwa kwexesha elide kwimitha yeselula kunokuba neziphumo ezibi. ngenxa yempilo. Ezinye iziphumo ezinokwenzeka ziquka ukonyuka komngcipheko wamathumba ebuchotsheni, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, kunye inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, kunye nokuwohloka kwempilo yokuzala. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluthe kratya luyafuneka ukumisela ubukhulu bale mingcipheko kunye nokuseka izikhokelo ezicacileyo zokusetyenziswa kwazo ngokukhuselekileyo.
3. Iimpawu zemitha yemitha ekhutshwa ngumatshini weX-reyi
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda imiphumo enokuba nayo ebantwini nakwimekobume. Imitha yemitha ekhutshwa zezi zixhobo ingahlelwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: imitha yemitha yokuqala kunye nemitha yesibini.
Imitha yemitha esisiseko ibhekisa kwimitha yemitha ekhutshwa ngokuthe ngqo yityhubhu yeX-reyi le mitha ingena kakhulu kwaye inokuchaphazela izihlunu zomzimba womntu ukuba kukho ukutyhileka ixesha elide okanye ngeedosi eziphezulu kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto amagcisa asebenzisa esi sixhobo kufuneka athathe amanyathelo okhuseleko ayimfuneko ukuze azikhusele kunye nezigulana.
Imitha yesibini, kwelinye icala, yimitha yemitha eveliswayo xa idibana nezinto. Xa imitha yemitha yokuqala ifikelela kumguli, inxalenye yayo ifunxeka kwaye inxalenye isasazeke kumacala awahlukeneyo. Le mitha esasazekileyo ingena ngaphantsi kunemitha yokuqala, kodwa inokuba yingozi ngokulinganayo ukuba idosi ebalulekileyo ifunyenwe.
4. Umahluko kubume bemitha yemitha evela kwiselfowuni kunye nomatshini weX-reyi
Kweli candelo, siza kuphonononga umahluko osisiseko phakathi kobume bemitha yemitha ekhutshwa yiselfowuni kunye nemitha yemitha eveliswa ngumatshini weX-reyi Nangona yomibini le mithombo ikhupha imitha, indalo kunye nenjongo yazo yahlukile ngokwendalo.
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iiselfowuni zikhupha amaza kanomathotholo ane-low-energy (RF), ngelixa oomatshini beX-ray bevelisa imitha ye-electromagnetic ene-high-energy eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ionizing radiation. Imitha yeselfowuni Ifumaneka kuluhlu lwe-microwave, ngelixa imitha ye-X-ray ifumaneka kuluhlu lwemitha ye-gamma. Lo mahluko kumandla ubalulekile, kuba imitha ye-ionizing inamandla okwenza i-athomu kunye neemolekyuli, ezinokuvelisa iziphumo ezibalulekileyo zebhayoloji.
Okwesibini, ubume bemitha yeselula iyaqhubeka kwaye ayiqondi, ngelixa imitha ye-X-ray iqhutywa kwaye inendlela ethile. Imitha ephuma kwiselfowuni iphuma macala onke ukusuka kwi-eriyali yesixhobo, isasazeke kwindawo engqongileyo. Kwelinye icala, imitha ye-X-reyi iveliswa ngohlobo lwemibhobho okanye imiqadi eyalathayo, evumela ukugxininiswa okukhulu kunye nokuchaneka kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo. Olu buchule bokugxila lubalulekile kwizicelo zonyango ezifana ne-radiography kunye ne-computed tomography.
5. Umlinganiselo kunye novavanyo lweradiation kwizixhobo eziphathwayo
Oku kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokukhuselwa komsebenzisi. Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule xa usenza le milinganiselo:
- Sebenzisa imitha yemitha efanelekileyo: Kubalulekile ukuba nemitha eyilelwe ngokukodwa ukulinganisa ukusasazeka kwemitha kwizixhobo eziphathwayo. Ezi mitha zilinganisiwe ukunika imilinganiselo echanekileyo nethembekileyo.
- Ilandela iprotocol yomlinganiselo osemgangathweni: Ukufumana iziphumo ezihambelanayo, kubalulekile ukulandela iprotocol yokulinganisa okusemgangathweni. Oku kubandakanya ukubeka imitha kumgama othile ukusuka kwisixhobo, ngokulandela iingcebiso zomenzi.
- Thatha imilinganiselo emininzi: Ukufumana uvavanyo oluchanekileyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wenze imilinganiselo emininzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko. Oku kuya kuvumela umndilili wamanqanaba okusasazeka kwemitha akhutshwa sisixhobo esiphathwayo ukuba afunyanwe.
Nje ukuba uthathe imilinganiselo, kubalulekile ukutolika iziphumo ngokufanelekileyo. Apha sibonisa izikhokelo zovavanyo oluchanekileyo:
- Thelekisa iziphumo kunye nemida emiselweyo: Amaqumrhu olawulo seka imida ekhuselekileyo yokusasazeka ngemitha kwizixhobo eziphathwayo. Thelekisa iziphumo ezifunyenweyo kunye nale mida ukujonga ukuba isixhobo siyahambelana nemimiselo yangoku.
- Thatha ingqalelo iinkcukacha zobugcisa zesixhobo: Xa utolika iziphumo, qwalasela iinkcukacha zobugcisa zesixhobo. Ezinye izixhobo eziphathwayo ziyilelwe ukukhupha amanqanaba asezantsi emitha, enokuphembelela uvavanyo lweziphumo.
Ngamafutshane, kuyinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzisi. Ngokusebenzisa imitha efanelekileyo, ngokulandela iprotocol yokulinganisa okusemgangathweni, kunye nokwenza imilinganiselo emininzi, uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lunokufumaneka. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukutolika iziphumo ngokuqwalasela imida emiselweyo kunye neenkcukacha zobugcisa zesixhobo.
6. Umlinganiselo kunye novavanyo lweradiation koomatshini beX-reyi
Kushishino lweradiyoloji, umlinganiselo kunye novavanyo lokusasazeka kwemitha koomatshini beX-reyi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko nokhuseleko lwezigulana kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango. Ngezantsi sibonisa iindlela eziphambili kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kulo msebenzi ubalulekileyo:
Idosimetry yomntu:
- Idosimetry yobuqu ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokubeka iliso ezibekwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wabasebenzi abavezwe kwimitha, njengeefaskoti ezikhuselayo kunye nezikhuseli zedlala lengqula.
- Ezi zixhobo zirekhoda ubungakanani bemitha yemitha apho umntu ebesesichengeni, evumela inqanaba lokuvezwa ukuba livavanywe kunye nokuba imida esekwe ngabasemagunyeni bezempilo igqithiwe.
- Iziphumo ezifunyenweyo zisetyenziselwa ukwenza uhlengahlengiso kwiinkqubo zeradiology kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olwaneleyo lwabasebenzi.
Ukujongwa kwemitha yokusingqongileyo:
- Kumaziko otshiso ngemitha, kubalulekile ukwenza uhlolo oluqhubekayo lokusasazeka kwemitha yokusingqongileyo ukuze kubonwe nakuphi na ukutenxa kumanqanaba amkelekileyo.
- Izichongi zemitha ezisisigxina neziphathwayo zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukusasazeka kwemitha ekhoyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeziko, njengamagumbi eX-reyi kunye neendawo zokugcina izixhobo zeradiology.
- Ezi zixhobo zinokulumkisa abasebenzi kwimeko apho amanqanaba avumelekileyo okusasazeka kwemitha egqithisiwe, avule imiqondiso ye-alam ukuze athathe amanyathelo ayimfuneko.
Uvavanyo lomgangatho kwizixhobo zeX-reyi:
- Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo ze-X-ray, iimvavanyo zomgangatho zenziwa ngamaxesha athile.
- Olu vavanyo lubandakanya ukulinganisa idosi yemitha ekhutshiweyo, ukuvavanya ukufana komfanekiso ovelisiweyo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweenkqubo zokulinganisa.
- Iziphumo ezifunyenwe kuvavanyo lomgangatho zibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba izixhobo zeX-reyi zikwimeko efanelekileyo yokusebenza kwaye ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho emiselweyo yokhuseleko.
7. Ukuthelekiswa kwamanqanaba emitha phakathi kweselfowuni kunye nesixhobo seX-reyi
Kwisixhobo sombane, kubalulekile ukuqaqambisa umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zixhobo zibini nangona zombini zisebenzisa itekhnoloji yokuhanjiswa kombane wombane, amanqanaba emitha ahluka kakhulu.
Kwelinye icala, iiselfowuni zikhupha imitha ye-non-ionizing, eyaziwa ngokuba ngamaza erediyo (RF). Le mitha yenzeke ngexesha lokudluliselwa kunye nokwamkelwa kwemiqondiso yeselula. Nangona ukusetyenziswa kweselfowuni ixesha elide kunxulunyaniswa neengozi ezithile zempilo, uphononongo oluninzi lubonisa ukuba amanqanaba okusasazeka kweselfowuni asezantsi kwaye akufuneki enze iziphumo ezinobungozi kubantu abaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise i-headphones okanye izithethi ukugcina isixhobo kude nomzimba.
Kwelinye icala, oomatshini beX-reyi bakhupha imitha ye-ionizing, ekwaziyo ukuguqula iimolekyuli neeseli zomzimba. umzimba womntu. Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziselwa izicwangciso zonyango ukufumana imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Ngenxa yokuba ii-x-reyi zinamandla amakhulu okonakalisa izicubu, izilumkiso ezongezelelekileyo, ezinjengokusetyenziswa kweefaskoti zelothe, ziyathathwa ukuze kukhuselwe izigulana kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango ekubeni sesichengeni ngokugqithisileyo ngemitha.
8. Impembelelo enokubakho yemitha ekhutshwa ziiselfowuni kwimpilo yabantu
Imitha yemitha ekhutshwa zizixhobo zeselula ibe ngumxholo wophando olunzulu ngenxa yenkxalabo malunga neziphumo zayo ezinokubakho kwimpilo yabantu. Nangona ingekaziwa ifikile Ukufikelela kwisigqibo esiqinisekileyo, ezinye iiphononongo zicebisa ukuba ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwezi radiation kunokuba nefuthe elibi emzimbeni wethu. Phakathi kweengozi ezinokuthi zibekho:
- Umonakalo wemfuza: Abanye abaphandi bagcina ukuba i-radiation yeselula inokutshintsha i-DNA kwaye, ngenxa yoko, yandisa umngcipheko wokuguqulwa kwemfuza.
- Umhlaza: Kukho inkxalabo eqhubekayo malunga nobudlelwane obunokwenzeka phakathi kwemitha yeselula kunye nokuphuhliswa kwamathumba omhlaza, ngakumbi engqondweni.
- Iziphumo zokuzala: Olunye uphando lucebisa ukuba ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwimitha yeselula kunokuchaphazela umgangatho wesidoda kunye nokuzala kwamadoda.
Ngokuqwalasela inkxalabo ephakanyisiweyo, amazwe amaninzi amisele imimiselo kunye nemida yokuvezwa kwimitha yemitha ekhutshwa zizixhobo eziphathwayo. Le migaqo, isekwe kubungakanani bamandla afunxwa kwizicwili zomntu, izama ukukhusela abasebenzisi kwiziphumo ezinobungozi empilweni Ukongeza, amanyathelo athile okhuseleko asekiwe anokuthi abantu bawathathe ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho kwimitha yeselula, efana nale:
- Sebenzisa i-headphones okanye izithethi ukunqanda ukubeka ifowuni ngqo kwintloko yakho.
- Bamba ifowuni yakho ikude nomzimba wakho xa ingasetyenziswa, umzekelo kwizipaji okanye koobhaka, kunakwiipokotho zakho.
- Nciphisa ixesha lokufowuna kwaye usebenzise imiyalezo endaweni xa kunokwenzeka.
Ngaphandle kokungaqiniseki, kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuba uluntu lwezenzululwazi luyaqhubeka luphanda ngenkuthalo impembelelo yeradiation ekhutshwa ziiselfowuni kwimpilo yabantu. Uphononongo oluthe kratya lwexesha elide kunye neendlela zokwenza izinto ezininzi ziyafuneka ukuze kuphononongwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye kuqondwe ubungozi obunokubakho. Okwangoku, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulandele izikhokelo zolawulo kwaye uthathe inyathelo lokunciphisa ukuvezwa kwimitha yeselula.
9. Impembelelo enokubakho yemitha yemitha ekhutshwa ngoomatshini beX-reyi kwimpilo yabantu
Imitha ekhutshwa ngoomatshini bex-reyi
Imitha ekhutshwa ngoomatshini beX-reyi inamandla okwenza iimpembelelo ezibalulekileyo kwimpilo yabantu Nangona zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwicandelo lezonyango ekuxilongeni nasekunyangweni, kubalulekile ukuqonda imingcipheko eyayanyaniswa nokuvezwa kolu hlobo lwe-ionizing imitha.
Apha ngezantsi zezinye zeziphumo ezibi ezinokubakho kwimitha yemitha ekhutshwa ngoomatshini beX-reyi kwimpilo yabantu:
- Iziphumo ezibukhali: Ukuvezwa kwiidosi eziphezulu zemitha yemitha ngexesha elifutshane kunokubangela iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo ezinje ngokutshisa ulusu, ukulahleka kweenwele, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezifana nemitha.
- Iziphumo ezingapheliyo: Ukuba sesichengeni okungapheliyo kwiidosi eziphantsi zemitha yemitha kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza kunye nezifo zemfuzo kamva ebomini. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezi ziphumo azibonakali ngokukhawuleza, kodwa zinokuvela emva kweminyaka okanye amashumi eminyaka yokuvezwa okuphindaphindiweyo.
- Imitha ye-Fetal: Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo abachanabeke kwimitha yeX-reyi basengozini yokwenzakalisa usana olungekazalwa. Kubalulekile ukuba abasetyhini abakhulelweyo baxelele ugqirha wabo phambi kwayo nayiphi na inkqubo ye-x-reyi ukunciphisa nayiphi na ingozi enokwenzeka kusana.
Ukuqukumbela, nangona oomatshini beX-reyi bezizixhobo ezixabisekileyo kwezamayeza, ukusetyenziswa kwabo kumele kulawulwe yaye kuqondwe iingozi ezinokubangelwa yimitha yemitha kwimpilo yabantu. Iingcali zezempilo kunye nezigulana kufuneka zilandele izilumkiso ezifanelekileyo kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba imigangatho yokhuseleko iyahlangatyezwa ukunciphisa ifuthe elibi kubomi bethu.
10. Imimiselo kunye nemida yokhuseleko kwimitha yeeselfowuni kunye nezixhobo zeX-reyi
Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziphathwayo kuye kwaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bethu. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela imigaqo kunye nemida yokhuseleko kwimitha yeselula ukukhusela impilo yethu. Imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe, efana neKomishoni yaMazwe ngaMazwe yoKhuseleko lweRadiation olungaNinzi i-Iyoni (ICNIRP), iseka izikhokelo zokucutha ukuba sesichengeni sokusasazeka kwemitha yerediyo eveliswa ziiselfowuni. Ezi zikhokelo zisekelwe kuphando lwezenzululwazi kwaye zihlaziywa rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwethu.
Eminye yemimiselo kunye nemida yokhuseleko ibandakanya:
- Iqondo lokufunxa elikhethekileyo (SAR): Ngumlinganiselo obonisa ubungakanani bamandla afunxekayo imizimba yethu xa sisebenzisa iselula. Abavelisi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba iiselfowuni azigqithisi kumanqanaba e-SAR asekwe ngamaqumrhu alawulayo.
- Distancia de seguridad: Kucetyiswa ukugcina umgama omncinci phakathi komzimba wethu kunye neselfowuni ngelixa siyisebenzisa. Lo mlinganiselo wehlisa ukuba sesichengeni sokusasazeka kwemitha ye-radiofrequency.
- Ukusebenzisa i-headphones okanye isithethi: Ukusebenzisa i-headphones eneentambo okanye isithethi seselfowuni kunciphisa ukuvezwa kwentloko kunye nomzimba kwimitha eveliswa sisixhobo.
Ngokuphathelele oomatshini beX-reyi, kukwakho nemimiselo nemiqathango yokhuseleko yokukhusela izigulana nabasebenzi bezonyango. Le migaqo ibandakanya:
- Ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo: Isixhobo seX-reyi kufuneka sibe nesikhuselo esaneleyo ukunqanda ukuba sesichengeni kwimitha ye-ionizing.
- Ubuninzi bedosi evumelekileyo: Imida imiselwe kwisixa semitha yemitha umntu anokuyifumana ngexesha lenkqubo yeX-reyi, ukuphepha ingozi enokwenzeka empilweni.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweefaskoti kunye nezikhuseli: Abasebenzi bezonyango kufuneka banxibe iifaskoti zelothe kunye namakhaka ukunciphisa ukuba sesichengeni ngemitha.
11. Iingcebiso zokunciphisa ukuba sesichengeni kwimitha yeselula
Eminye imizekelo iboniswe ngezantsi:
1. Utilizar auriculares: Ukusebenzisa i-headphones kunciphisa ukuvezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwimitha ngokuthintela ifowuni ukuba idibane ngqo nentloko yakho.
2. Gcina ifowuni ikude nomzimba: Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ugcine ifowuni yakho kumgama okhuselekileyo ukusuka emzimbeni wakho, ngakumbi kwiibhegi okanye koobhaka, kunokuba uyithwale epokothweni yakho okanye incamathele emzimbeni wakho.
3. Nciphisa ixesha lokufowuna: Okukhona sisemnxebeni, kokukhona sichanabeka ngakumbi kwimitha yeselula. Ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba unciphise ixesha lokufowuna kunye nokusetyenziswa imiyalezo ebhaliweyo okanye usetyenziso lwemiyalezo xa kunokwenzeka.
12. Iingcebiso zokunciphisa ukuba sesichengeni kwimitha yokusasazeka ukusuka koomatshini beX-reyi
Imitha ephuma koomatshini beX-reyi inokuba yingozi ukuba uchanabeka kuyo rhoqo okanye ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukulandela izindululo ezithile zokunciphisa ukuvezwa koku imitha kunye nokukhusela impilo yethu.
Nanga amanye amanyathelo onokuthi uwathatheukunciphisa ukuba sesichengeni semitha koomatshini beX-reyi:
- Nciphisa inani lamaxesha owenze uvavanyo lwe-x-reyi, ulwenze kuphela xa luyimfuneko ngokwenene.
- Khetha amaziko athembekileyo kunye neengcali ezithobela yonke imimiselo yokhuseleko kunye nomgangatho xa usenza iimvavanyo zeradiyoloji.
- Sebenzisa izikhuseli ezikhokelayo, ezinje ngeeovaroli okanye iifaskoti, ukugquma iindawo zomzimba ezingayi kuhlolwa kwaye uzikhusele kwimitha.
- Gcina umgama okhuselekileyo phakathi komzimba wakho kunye nomatshini weX-reyi, ngokulandela imiyalelo yengcali yeradiology.
- Kuphephe ukuba sesichengeni ngokungeyomfuneko kunye nexesha elide kwiX-reyi, nakwizixhobo zokujonga umfanekiso. ukusetyenziswa komntu njengoomatshini beX-reyi abaphathwayo.
Khumbula ukuba ezi zindululo zezinye zeendlela zokuthintela ukuchanabeka kwimitha yemitha ephuma koomatshini beX-reyi Kuhlala kubalulekile ukubonisana nengcali yezempilo ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe ngqo kunye nelomntu malunga nemeko yakho.
13. Ukusetyenziswa ngoxanduva lweeselfowuni kunye nezixhobo zeX-reyi: Izibonelelo kunye nezilumkiso
Ukuhambela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kukhokelele ekusasazweni ngokubanzi kwezixhobo zombane, ezinjengeeselfowuni, nokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezixhobo zeX-reyi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Nangona obu bugcisa bubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, kukwabalulekile ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo amanyathelo okhuseleko ayimfuneko kusetyenziso lwabo olunoxanduva nolukhuselekileyo.
Izibonelelo zokusebenzisa iiselfowuni:
- Unxibelelwano olukhawulezileyo: Iifowuni eziphathwayo zisivumela ukuba siqhagamshelwe nangaliphi na ixesha kunye nendawo, siququzelele unxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu abakude.
- Ukufikelela kulwazi: Ngenxa ye-Intanethi kunye nezicelo eziphathwayo, iiselfowuni zibonelela ngokukhawuleza nangokusebenzayo ukufikelela kulwazi oluninzi kunye neenkonzo.
- Ukuzonwabisa kunye nemveliso: Ii-smartphones zibonelela ngeendlela ezininzi zokuzonwabisa, njengemidlalo kunye namaqonga okusasaza, kunye nezixhobo zokuzonwabisa. ukwandisa imveliso, njengeekhalenda kunye nezaziso.
Izilumkiso eziyimfuneko xa usebenzisa iiselfowuni:
- Ukunciphisa ixesha lokuvezwa: Ngenxa yemitha abayikhuphayo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ugcine iminxeba imfutshane kwaye uphephe ukuphatha ifowuni yakho rhoqo isondele emzimbeni wakho.
- Musa ukusebenzisa ngelixa uqhuba: Ukusebenzisa ifowuni ephathwayo ngelixa uqhuba kwandisa ingozi yengozi, ngoko kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo endleleni.
- Khusela ubumfihlo: Sebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo afanelekileyo kunye neenketho zokhuseleko kwizixhobo eziphathwayo ukukhusela ulwazi lomntu kunye nokuthintela ukubiwa kwedatha.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezilumkiso xa usebenzisa oomatshini beX-reyi:
- Ukuxilongwa kwezonyango: I-X-rays ivumela imifanekiso ecacileyo ukuba ifunyenwe ngaphakathi komzimba, iququzelele ukuxilongwa kwezifo kunye nokulimala.
- Ulawulo lomgangatho kushishino: I-X-reyi ibalulekile ekuhlolweni kweemveliso kunye nemathiriyeli, iqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lwazo.
- Nciphisa ukuba sesichengeni: Kubalulekile ukuba kuhlaziywe izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo, kulandele ngokungqongqo imimiselo yokhuseleko kunye nokusebenzisa izikhuseli ezifanelekileyo ukunciphisa ukuchanabeka kwimitha.
14. Izigqibo ngomahluko phakathi kwemitha yemitha ekhutshwa ziiselfowuni kunye noomatshini beX-reyi
1. Ukuqukumbela, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqaqambise ukuba iradiation ekhutshwa ziiselfowuni kunye noomatshini beX-ray bahluke kakhulu kwiinkalo ezininzi. Ukuqala, ubume bemitha yeselula ayiyo-ionizing, okuthetha ukuba ayinawo amandla aneleyo okuqhawula amabhondi ekhemikhali okanye kubangele umonakalo othe ngqo kwiDNA. Kwelinye icala, imitha ephuma koomatshini beX-reyi, njengoko negama layo libonisa, i<em>ionizing yaye inokubangela umonakalo kwinqanaba leselula.
2. Ukongeza, ubungakanani bemitha ekhutshwayo nayo iyahluka phakathi izixhobo ezimbini. Iiselfowuni zikhupha imitha ye-radiofrequency, “enomlinganiselo ophantsi wamandla xa kuthelekiswa nee-X-reyi. Oku kungenxa yokuba iiselfowuni zenzelwe ukuhambisa imiqondiso yonxibelelwano kumgama omfutshane, ngoxa kusetyenziswa izixhobo zeX-reyi. ukudala imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zonyango kwaye ifuna amandla amakhulu ukungena emzimbeni womntu.
3. Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ixesha lokuvezwa kwimitha likwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhloleni ubungozi obunokubakhona. Ngelixa i-radiation yeselula ikhutshwa ngokuqhubekayo ngexesha lokufowuna okanye ukusetyenziswa kwedatha yeselula, imitha ye-X-ray imfutshane kwaye ilawulwa, njengoko isetyenziswa kuphela ngexesha leenkqubo ezithile zonyango. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukulandela izikhokelo zokhuseleko kunye neengcebiso ezisekwe kuzo zombini iindidi zezixhobo, ukuze kuncitshiswe naziphi na iziphumo ezibi zempilo ezinokubakho.
Imibuzo neempendulo
Umbuzo: Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwemitha yemitha ekhutshwa yiselfowuni kunye nomatshini weX-reyi?
IMPENDULO: Owona mahluko mkhulu phakathi kwemitha yemitha ekhutshwa yiselfowuni kunye neveliswa sisixhobo seX-reyi kubume bayo kunye namanqanaba ombane.
Umbuzo: Ahlulahlulwa njani amabala emitha?
A: Iindawo zokusasazeka kwemitha zihlelwa ngamacandelo amabini: i-ionizing kunye ne-non-ionizing. Imitha ephuma koomatshini beX-reyi iyenza i-ionizing, ngelixa i-radiation evela kwiiselfowuni ingena-ionizing.
Umbuzo: Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba i-radiation ibe "ionizing"?
A: Imitha ye-ionizing inamandla okwaneleyo okukhupha ii-electron kwii-athom okanye iiathomu ezisebenzisana nazo, ngaloo ndlela zenza ii-ion ezitshajiweyo zombane. Obu buchule bokwenza ionize izinto bunokuba neziphumo eziyingozi empilweni.
Umbuzo: Ingaba i-radiation ekhutshwa yiselfowuni iquka ntoni?
A: Imitha ye-non-ionizing ekhutshwa yiselfowuni yenziwe ngamasimi e-radiofrequency electromagnetic. Ezi ndawo ziveliswa yi-eriyali yesixhobo kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukuthumela nokufumana imiqondiso yonxibelelwano.
Umbuzo: Ngaba imitha ye-non-ionizing ekhutshwa ngeeselfowuni iyingozi?
A: Ngokwezifundo zenzululwazi zangoku, i-non-ionizing radiation evela kwiiselfowuni ithathwa njengekhuselekile empilweni, ukuba nje imida yokuvezwa esekwe yimigaqo yamazwe ngamazwe ihlangatyeziwe. Le mida yenzelwe ukuthintela iziphumo ezibi zempilo ukusuka ekutyhilekeni ixesha elide.
Umbuzo: Kwenzeka ntoni kwimitha ye-ionizing evela koomatshini beX-reyi?
A: Imitha ye-ionizing evela kwizixhobo zeX-reyi inamandla aphezulu kunemitha ye-non-ionizing evela kwiselfowuni. Isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zonyango ukwenza imifanekiso eneenkcukacha yangaphakathi emzimbeni, kodwa ifuna izilumkiso ezongezelelweyo ngenxa yokukwazi kwayo ukwenza i-ionize iimolekyuli emzimbeni womntu.
Umbuzo: Zikhuselwa njani izigulana kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango kwimitha ye-ionizing kwi-X-reyi?
A: Amanyathelo okukhusela asetyenziswayo, afana nokusetyenziswa kweefaskoti zelothe, iithamo zemitha ezilungelelanisiweyo, iindlela zokuhluza, kunye nokukhuselwa kwegumbi leX-reyi La manyathelo anciphisa ukuvezwa kwemitha kwaye akhusele zombini kwizigulana kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango.
Umbuzo: Ngamafutshane, yintoni umahluko phakathi kwemitha yemitha evela kwiselfowuni kunye noko kumatshini weX-ray?
A: Owona mahluko mkhulu kwindalo kunye namanqanaba amandla emitha. Utshiso lwemitha yeselula aluyiyoni kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo lubonwa lukhuselekile phakathi kwemida emiselweyo. Kwelinye icala, ukusasazeka kwemitha evela koomatshini beX-reyi kukwenza i-ionizing kwaye kufuna izilumkiso ezongezelelweyo ngenxa yamandla ayo amakhulu kunye nomthamo we-ionization yeemolekyuli zomzimba womntu.
Ukuququmbela
Ngamafutshane, kubalulekile ukubonisa umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwemitha yemitha ekhutshwa yiselfowuni kunye nesixhobo seX-reyi Ngelixa iiselfowuni zikhupha imitha ye-radiofrequency, izixhobo ze-X-ray zisebenzisa imitha ye-ionizing ephezulu.
Imitha yemitha evela kwiselfowuni, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-non-ionizing, ithathwa njengamandla aphantsi kwaye ikuluhlu lwe-microwave. Nangona impikiswano malunga neziphumo zempilo ezinokuthi zibe khona ngenxa yale mitha isaqhuba, uphando oluninzi lwezenzululwazi lugqibe kwelokuba amanqanaba emitha yemitha akhutshwa ziiselfowuni akhuselekile ngokubanzi ukuba asetyenziswe yonke imihla.
Kwelinye icala, izixhobo zeX-ray zisebenzisa imitha ye-ionizing, enamandla aphezulu kakhulu kwaye iyakwazi ukwenza i-ionizing iiathomu kunye neeathomu ezisebenzisana nazo. Le mitha isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwicandelo lezonyango ukufumana imifanekiso yangaphakathi yomzimba kunye nokuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo, kodwa kufuneka ilawulwe kwaye ibekwe esweni ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo ukuphepha ingozi enokwenzeka.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba imingcipheko eyayanyaniswa nemitha ye-ionizing ivela kuphela kwiimeko zokuvezwa ixesha elide okanye ngokugqithisileyo, njengakwiinkqubo zonyango ezibandakanya iidosi eziphezulu zemitha. Ke ngoko, iradiation ekhutshwa ngoomatshini beX-ray phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo nezifanelekileyo ikhuselekile kwaye iyalawulwa.
Ukuqukumbela, owona mahluko uphambili phakathi kwemitha yemitha ekhutshwa yiselfowuni kunye naleyo yesixhobo seX-reyi ikuhlobo lwayo kunye nenqanaba lamandla. Ngelixa i-radiation evela kwiselfowuni ingeyiyo i-ionizing kwaye inamandla aphantsi, ukusasazeka kwemitha kwisixhobo se-X-ray kuku-ionizing kunye namandla aphezulu. Zombini ezi ndidi zokusasazeka kwemitha zineenjongo neziphumo ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqonda iimpawu zazo kunye nezilumkiso ezinxulumeneyo xa uzisebenzisa.
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