Kwilizwe loqhagamshelo kunye nokufakwa kwidijithali, ukuba neseva yakho yewebhu kunokuba sisixhobo esiluncedo kakhulu. Ukwazi ukusingatha kunye nokwabelana ngomxholo kwi-intanethi ngokuzimeleyo kunokusinika ukuguquguquka okukhulu kunye nokulawula usetyenziso lwethu kunye neewebhusayithi. Ukuba uyazibuza ukuba ungayibeka njani iPC yakho njengomncedisi wewebhu, kweli nqaku siza kubonisa amanyathelo obuchule ayimfuneko ukuyifezekisa. indlela esebenzayo kwaye ikhuselekile. Ukusuka kuqwalaselo olusisiseko ukuya kunikezelo lweedilesi ze-IP kunye neenkonzo zolawulo, siya kukukhokela kwinkqubo ukuze ukwazi ukuguqula ikhompyuter yakho ibe yiseva yewebhu esebenzayo nefikelelekayo. yabasebenzisi yenethiwekhi. Masiqalise!
Iimfuno zokumisela iseva yewebhu kwiPC yakho
Nje ukuba wenze isigqibo sokuseta iseva yewebhu kwiPC yakho, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iimfuno ezininzi zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Ngezantsi sichaza izinto ezibalulekileyo oza kuzifuna:
1. Inkqubo yokwenza iyahambelana: Imfuno yokuqala esisiseko kukuba nenkqubo yokusebenza ehambelana noqwalaselo lomncedisi wewebhu. Olona khetho luqhelekileyo ziiWindows, Linux kunye neMacOS. Ngamnye kubo uneengenelo zakhe ezithile kunye neengqwalasela onokuthi uzivavanye ngokweemfuno zakho kunye nolwazi lobugcisa.
2. Iseva yeSoftwe: Inyathelo elilandelayo kukukhetha eyona software ifanelekileyo yomncedisi ukhetho lwakho oludumileyo luquka iSeva ye-Apache HTTP, iNginx, kunye neeNkonzo zoLwazi lweIntanethi yeMicrosoft (IIS). Ezi zicelo zikuvumela ukuba ulawule isicelo somzila kunye nokuhanjiswa komxholo wewebhu ngokufanelekileyo.
3. Iizibuko kunye noNdlela: Ukuqwalasela ngokufanelekileyo iizibuko kunye nendlela yomzila yenye into ebalulekileyo ekuseteni iseva yewebhu kwiPC yakho. Izibuko eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa iiseva zewebhu ziyi-80 ye-HTTP kunye ne-443 ye-HTTPS. Qinisekisa ukuba uthumela kwakhona ngokuchanekileyo iipakethi ezingenayo ukuze uqinisekise ulwamkelo olululo kunye nempendulo yezicelo zabasebenzisi.
Khumbula ukuba ezi zezinye zeemfuno ezisisiseko zokuseta iseva yewebhu kwiPC yakho. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho ezithile, unokufuna ukuqwalasela ezinye izinto ezifana nokukhetha umphathi wedatha, usebenzisa izatifikethi ze-SSL ukuqinisekisa uxhulumaniso olukhuselekileyo, kunye nokuphucula izicwangciso zokuphucula ukusebenza kunye nesantya sokuphendula somncedisi.
Ukukhetha isoftware elungileyo ukuseta iseva yewebhu
Enye yeenkalo ezisisiseko ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa useka iseva yewebhu kukhetho lwesoftware efanelekileyo. Kwimarike kukho iinketho ezahlukeneyo ezihambelana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo kunye nokukhethwa. Apha ngezantsi kukho ezinye iindlela onokuziqwalasela:
1. Iseva ye-Apache HTTP: Le yenye yezona zidumileyo kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi iiseva zewebhu. Ingumthombo ovulekileyo kwaye iyahambelana iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo iyasebenza, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe nezinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, inenani elikhulu leemodyuli kunye nezandiso ezikuvumela ukuba wenze ngokwezifiso kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kwayo.
2. Nginx: Enye isoftware eyaziwayo kwintsimi yeeseva zewebhu yiNginx. Ibonakaliswa ngokukhanya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, okukuvumela ukuba uphathe umthamo omkhulu wezithuthi ngokukhawuleza. Kucetyiswa ngokukodwa kwiiwebhusayithi ezinomxholo omileyo kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu. Ukongeza, i-Nginx ibonelela ngokhuseleko oluluqilima kunye nenkxaso yeeprothokholi ezifana ne-HTTP/2 kunye ne-HTTPS.
3. Microsoft IIS: Ukuba usebenza kwindawo ye-Windows, enye into onokuyiqwalasela yiMicrosoft's Internet Information Server (IIS). Le software iyahambelana neesistim zeWindows kwaye idibanisa ngokulula nezinye izisombululo zikaMicrosoft, ezinje ngolwimi lwenkqubo lweASP.NET. Ukongeza, ine-intuitive graphical interface eyenza kube lula ukuyilawula.
Ngamafutshane, linyathelo elisisiseko sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okugqibeleleyo kunye nokusebenza. Iseva ye-Apache ye-HTTP, i-Nginx kunye ne-Microsoft IIS zezinye zeenketho ezikhoyo kwimarike. Apha kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iimfuno ezithile kunye neempawu zeprojekthi, kunye nokuhambelana nenkqubo yokusebenza esetyenziswayo.
Qwalasela iinkonzo eziyimfuneko zomncedisi wewebhu
Ukuqwalasela ngokuchanekileyo iinkonzo eziyimfuneko kumncedisi wewebhu, kubalulekile ukulandela uchungechunge lwamanyathelo achanekileyo. Okokuqala, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba unenkqubo yokusebenza ehlaziyiweyo nezinzileyo. Khumbula ukuba zininzi iinketho ezikhoyo ezinje ngeLinux, Windows okanye iMacOS, kunye neLinux yeyona icetyiswayo kuzinzo kunye nokhuseleko.
Kanye kanye inkqubo yokusebenza ifakiwe, lixesha lokukhetha isoftware yomncedisi wewebhu. Ezona zidumileyo zi-Apache, i-Nginx kunye ne-IIS (iiNkonzo zoLwazi lwe-Intanethi). Nganye ineengenelo zayo kunye neempawu zayo, ngoko ke kufuneka ukhethe eyona ifanele iimfuno zakho ezithile. Nje ukuba ifakelwe, uya kubona ukuba ezi seva zewebhu zibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweseto ezinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kunye neenketho ezihambelana nezinto ozikhethayo.
Ngoku lixesha lokuba uqwalasele i-firewall yakho ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokucoca uqhagamshelo olungafunekiyo Ungasebenzisa izixhobo ezifana nee-IPTables kwi-Linux okanye iWindows Firewall ukuseta imithetho yofikelelo kunye nokuthintela amazibuko athile okanye iidilesi ze-IP. Ungalibali kwakhona ukuqwalasela iseva ye-DNS ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzisi bakho banokufikelela kwiwebhusayithi yakho besebenzisa igama lesizinda endaweni yedilesi ye-IP. Unokukhetha ukusebenzisa iseva yakho ye-DNS yoMboneleli weNkonzo ye-Intanethi (ISP) okanye eyakho efana ne-BIND okanye i-PowerDNS.
Khumbula ukuba ezi zezinye zezicwangciso ezisisiseko zokufumana iseva yakho yewebhu kwaye isebenze, kwaye kwimeko nganye ethile kunokubakho iimfuno ezongezelelweyo ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zesayithi lakho. Njengoko uphonononga kwaye uzuza amava, unokwenza ngokwezifiso kwaye uphucule useto lwakho ukuze ukwandise ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lomncedisi wakho wewebhu. Ithamsanqa kuhambo lwakho lokuseta iseva yewebhu!
Yabela idilesi ye-IP engatshintshiyo kwiPC yakho njengomncedisi wewebhu
Xa umisela iseva yewebhu kwi-PC yakho, kuyacetyiswa ukuba unike idilesi ye-IP engatshintshiyo ukuqinisekisa ukufikeleleka kwayo kunye nozinzo kumsebenzi wothungelwano. Nanga amanyathelo oku:
1. Fikelela kwiisetingi zenethiwekhi yePC yakho: Vula indawo yolawulo kwaye ujonge »Uqhagamshelo lweNethiwekhi» okanye iNethiwekhi kunye ne-Intanethi» ukhetho. Cofa "Shintsha useto lweadaptha" ukufikelela useto lwenethiwekhi.
2. Qwalasela idilesi ye-IP engatshintshiyo:
Cofa ekunene kunxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi oyisebenzisayo kwaye ukhethe "iiProperties".
-Khetha u-“Internet Protocol version 4 (TCP/IPv4)” kwaye ucofe u-“Properties”.
– Khetha ukhetho “Sebenzisa le dilesi ye-IP ilandelayo” kwaye ugqibezele iindawo:
-Idilesi ye-IP: Faka idilesi ye-IP engatshintshiyo ofuna ukuyabela iPC yakho.
-Imaski yeSubnet: Cacisa imaski ye-subnet ehambelana nenethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya.
- Isango elimiselweyo: Faka idilesi ye-IP yerutha yakho yenethiwekhi yasekhaya.
Cofa u-“Kulungile” ukugcina utshintsho.
3. Qala kwakhona iPC yakho: Nje ukuba uqwalasele idilesi ye-IP engatshintshiyo, qalisa kwakhona iPC yakho ukuze utshintsho lusebenze. Emva kokuqalisa ngokutsha, iPC yakho iya kuba ilungele ukusebenza njengeseva yewebhu enedilesi ye-IP ezinzileyo nekhuselekileyo.
Khumbula ukuba idilesi ye-IP engatshintshiyo ibalulekile ekugcineni ukufikeleleka kunye nokuzinza kweseva yakho yewebhu kuthungelwano.
Qwalasela ugqithiso lwezibuko kwirutha yakho
Ngumsebenzi osisiseko ukuba ufuna ukwenza uqhagamshelo lwakho lwe-Intanethi lube lukhulu kwaye uvumele usetyenziso okanye izixhobo ezithile zangaphandle ukuba zifikelele kwinethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya, ekwabizwa ngokuba kukugqithiselwa kwezibuko, yinkqubo yokwalathisa izicelo zoqhagamshelo olungenayo kwisixhobo esithile kwinethiwekhi yakho. , njengekhamera yokhuseleko okanye iseva yomdlalo.
Ukuqwalasela ugqithiso lwezibuko, kuya kufuneka uqale ufikelele kujongano lolawulo lwerouter yakho. Oku ku ingayenza ngokungenisa idilesi ye-IP yerouter yakho kwisikhangeli sewebhu kwaye emva koko ungenise iinkcukacha zakho zokungena. Xa sele ungaphakathi kujongano lolawulo, jonga icandelo “lokuthunyelwa kwezibuko”.
Wakuba ulifumene icandelo logqithiso lwezibuko, kuya kufuneka unikezele ngolwazi oluyimfuneko ukuze uqwalasele ngokufanelekileyo izibuko. ufuna ukwalathisa itrafikhi kwakhona. Qinisekisa ukufaka ulwazi ngokuchanekileyo nangokupheleleyo.
Misela izithintelo zokhuseleko ukukhusela iseva yakho yewebhu
Ukukhuselwa komncedisi wakho wewebhu kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwedatha yakho kunye nemfihlo yolwazi oluphetheyo. Ukuseka izithintelo ezinamandla zokhuseleko kuya kukunceda uthintele iimeko ezinobungozi kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber. Nantsi imilinganiselo onokuthi uyiphumeze ukomeleza ukhuseleko lomncedisi wakho:
1. Configura un cortafuegos: Ukusebenzisa i-firewall kuyakukuvumela ukuhluza itrafikhi yenethiwekhi kwaye uvale imidibaniso engagunyaziswanga. Ungacwangcisa imithetho ukuvumela ukufikelela kuphela kumazibuko athile kwaye uthintele ufikelelo kwiidilesi ezithile ze-IP. Ukongeza, unokumisela i-firewall yakho ukunqanda ukuhlaselwa kwenkonzo (DDoS).
2. Hlaziya rhoqo isoftwe yakho kunye nezicelo: Ukugcina iseva yakho yewebhu isexesheni kubalulekile ukuyikhusela kubuthathaka obaziwayo Uhlaziyo kungekuphela nje inkqubo yokusebenza, kodwa nayo yonke isoftware kunye nezicelo ezisetyenziswa kwiseva yakho. Khumbula ukuseta uhlaziyo oluzenzekelayo xa kunokwenzeka.
3. Sebenzisa imilinganiselo yokuqinisekisa ekhuselekileyo: Ukomeleza ukhuseleko lomncedisi wakho, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iindlela zokuqinisekisa ezinamandla. Cinga ngokusebenzisa uqinisekiso lwezinto ezimbini, izatifikethi ze-SSL, kunye nezitshixo ze-SSH. Kwakhona, kuphephe ukusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo abuthathaka kwaye uqiniseke ukuba uwatshintsha rhoqo.
Qwalasela iifayile zeseva yewebhu kunye nabalawuli
Iifayile kunye nabalawuli bomncedisi wewebhu zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwayo okuchanekileyo. Ukuziqwalasela kakuhle kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomncedisi kunye nokusebenza. Kweli candelo, uya kufunda ukwenza olu qwalaselo. ngokufanelekileyo kwaye iyasebenza.
1. Ulungelelwaniso lweefayile kunye nabalawuli: Kubalulekile ukucwangcisa iifayile kunye—abalawuli ngendlela esengqiqweni nocwangco. Unokwenza iifolda kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeefayile, njengemifanekiso, izitayile zeCSS, izikripthi zeJavaScript, phakathi kwabanye.
2. Iimvume Zokufikelela: Ukuseta iimvume ezifanelekileyo zofikelelo kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukuba ngubani onokufunda, ukubhala, okanye ukusebenzisa iifayile okanye abalawuli abathile. Sebenzisa umyalelo we-chmod ukwabele iimvume eziyimfuneko kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ngabasebenzisi abagunyazisiweyo kuphela abanofikelelo kwiifayile ezibuthathaka.
Khumbula ukuba uqwalaselo lwefayile zeseva yewebhu kunye nabalawuli banokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomncedisi owusebenzisayo. Kuhlala kubalulekile ukufunda amaxwebhu asemthethweni omncedisi wewebhu kwaye ulandele iindlela ezicetyiswayo zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo kakuhle.
Yenza ngokwezifiso iphepha lasekhaya lomncedisi wakho wewebhu
Enye yeenzuzo zokulawula iseva yakho yewebhu kukukwazi ukwenza ngokwezifiso iphepha lasekhaya kwiimfuno zakho kunye nezinto ozikhethayo. NgeHTML, unokwenza amava omsebenzisi awohlukileyo kwabo bandwendwela iwebhusayithi yakho. Apha sikubonisa amanyathelo alula okwenza.
1. Yenza uyilo olunomtsalane: Sebenzisa iithegi ze-HTML ukwenza uyilo olunomtsalane nolucwangcisiweyo kwiphepha lakho lasekhaya. Ungasebenzisa iithegi zesihloko ukugqamisa isihloko esiphambili sephepha lakho kwaye usebenzise imihlathi ukucwangcisa umxholo.
2. Yongeza imifanekiso kunye nemultimedia: Yenza iphepha lakho lasekhaya libe nomtsalane ngakumbi ngokongeza imifanekiso kunye nemultimedia. Ungasebenzisa "img" ithegi ukufaka imifanekiso kwiphepha lakho kunye nethegi "ividiyo" ukubonisa iividiyo. Qinisekisa ukuba uyayenza imifanekiso yakho ukuze uqinisekise ukuba ilayisha ngokukhawuleza.
3. Ibonelela ngamakhonkco okukhangela: Nika iindwendwe zakho indlela elula yokujonga iwebhusayithi yakho ngokongeza amakhonkco okukhangela. Ungasebenzisa i-"nav" ithegi ukusonga amakhonkco akho kunye nethegi ethi "ul" ukwenza uluhlu olungacwangciswanga lwamakhonkco. Ukongeza, cinga ukusebenzisa amakhonkco angaphakathiukuqinisekisa ukukhangela ngokutyibilikayo phakathi kwamaphepha ahlukeneyo ewebhusayithi yakho.
Yindlela entle yokuma kwaye unikezele ngamava awodwa kwiindwendwe zakho. Qiniseka ukuba ulandela izikhokelo ze-HTML kuyilo olungaguqukiyo kwaye usebenzise imifanekiso kunye nemultimedia ukuyenza ibe nomtsalane ngakumbi. Unesibindi sokuyila kwaye ugqame ngephepha lakho lasekhaya elenzelwe wena!
Vavanya uqhagamshelo kunye nokusebenza komncedisi wewebhu ekuhlaleni
Nje ukuba uqwalasele iseva yakho yewebhu yendawo, kubalulekile ukuvavanya uqhagamshelo kunye nokusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into iqwalaselwe ngokuchanekileyo. Nanga amanye amanyathelo onokuwalandela ukwenza olu vavanyo:
1. Vula isikhangeli sakho sewebhu kwaye uchwetheze idilesi ye-IP yendawo yomncedisi wakho kwibar yedilesi. Qinisekisa ukubandakanya inombolo yezibuko ukuba kuyimfuneko (umzekelo, http://localhost:8080). Ukuba "ingenanto" okanye iphepha lempazamo libonisiwe, kunokubakho ingxaki ngoqhagamshelwano.
2. Khangela ukuba unokufikelela kwiseva yakho yewebhu na kwezinye izixhobo kuthungelwano lwendawo enye. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokungenisa idilesi ye-IP yendawo elandelwa yinombolo yezibuko kwisikhangeli sesinye isixhobo. Ukuba iphepha lilayisha ngokuchanekileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba uxhulumaniso lusebenza ngokuchanekileyo.
3. Jonga ukusebenza komncedisi wakho wewebhu ngokuvavanya ezinye zeempawu ezibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba iseva yakho iyayixhasa i-PHP, yenza ifayile ye-PHP elula kwaye uyibeke kuluhlu lweengcambu zeseva yakho. Emva koko, zama ukufikelela kule fayile kwisikhangeli sakho. Ukuba imveliso ye-PHP iboniswe ngokuchanekileyo, ithetha ukuba iseva yakho iqwalaselwe ngokuchanekileyo ukwenza iifayile ze-PHP.
Khumbula ukuba kubalulekile ukuvavanya uxhulumaniso kunye nokusebenza komncedisi wewebhu kwindawo yakho ngaphambi kokuyithumela kwindawo yokuvelisa. Oku kukuvumela ukusombulula iingxaki kwaye wenze uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa umncedisi wakho usebenza kakuhle.
Yenza uhlengahlengiso lokusebenza kunye nokuphucula umncedisi wakho wewebhu
- Ukuphucula ukusebenza komncedisi wakho wewebhu kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa amava afanelekileyo omsebenzisi kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo zakho. Kukho inani lohlengahlengiso onokuthi ulwenze ukufezekisa oku.
- Qala ngokuphonononga kwaye uhlengahlengise iisetingi zeseva yakho. Ungalungisa iiparamitha ezinjengomda woqhagamshelo ngaxeshanye, ixesha lokulinda lesicelo, kunye nobungakanani besikhuseli esisetyenzisiweyo. Ezi zicwangciso zinokuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kweseva yakho kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukuphatha umthwalo womsebenzi.
- Omnye umba obalulekileyo kukugcina iwebhusayithi yakho. Ukuphumeza inkqubo ye-caching efanelekileyo kunokunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokulayisha iphepha kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi kweseva yakho. Qinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuqwalasela i-static kunye ne-caching yefayile eguquguqukayo, kunye nokusebenzisa ubuchule obuphambili obufana noxinzelelo lwesixhobo ukugcina umda wendlela.
Qwalasela ufikelelo olukude kumncedisi wakho wewebhu ukusuka kwezinye izixhobo
En la ubudala bedijithali namhlanje, kubalulekile ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nemveliso. Ngolu phawu luvuliwe, uya kukwazi ukufikelela kunye nokulawula umncedisi wakho wewebhu nokuba undawoni na. Nasi isikhokelo Inyathelo nenyathelo ukuqwalasela lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo.
1. Ukuseka unxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba unxibelelwano ngenethiwekhi luyimfihlo kwaye lukhuselekile, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iiprothokholi ezikhuselekileyo ezifana ne-SSH (Secure Shell) okanye i-VPN (i-Virtual Private Network). Ezi prothokholi zifihla idatha egqithisiweyo kwaye zikhusele umncedisi wakho wewebhu kwizoyikiso zangaphandle ezinokubakho.
2. Vula i-server port: Ukuvumela ukufikelela okude, kuya kufuneka uvule i-port ehambelanayo kwi-firewall yakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-port 22 isetyenziselwa i-SSH kunye ne-port 443 ye-HTTPS. Qinisekisa ukuba uthumela kwakhona iipakethi ezingenayo kwidilesi ye-IP yomncedisi wakho wewebhu. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezikude zinokuseka ngokukhuselekileyo umdibaniso kwiseva yakho.
3. Cwangcisa ufikelelo olukude: Nje ukuba usekwe uqhagamshelo olukhuselekileyo kwaye uvule i-port yeseva, lixesha lokuseta ukufikelela kude. Unokwenza oku ngokusebenzisa ikhonsoli yomyalelo usebenzisa iisetingi ezithile zesixokelelwano sakho sokusebenza okanye ngezixhobo zegraphical ezifumanekayo kwiphaneli yolawulo yeseva yakho Khumbula ukuqwalasela iimvume ezifanelekileyo zokuqinisekisa ufikelelo olukude kubasebenzisi.
Ngokulandela la manyathelo, ungaqwalasela ngokulula ukufikelela kude kumncedisi wakho wewebhu ukusuka ezinye izixhobo. Qinisekisa ukuphumeza amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo ukukhusela iseva yakho kunye nolwazi olukuyo. Ngoku ungalawula kwaye uhlaziye iseva yakho yewebhu nokuba uphi na, ubonelela ngamava agudileyo kwaye asebenzayo kuwe nakubasebenzisi bakho.
Qinisekisa ubukho kunye nokuzinza kweseva yewebhu
Kuba, kubalulekile ukwamkela uthotho lwemilinganiselo yobugcisa kunye nezicwangciso ezinceda ukuthintela nokusombulula ukusilela okunokwenzeka okanye ukuphazamiseka kwinkonzo.
Esinye sezenzo eziphambili ezinokuthi zithathwe kukuphumeza inkqubo yokubeka iliso yeseva rhoqo, usebenzisa izixhobo ezifana esweni ubume bomncedisi ekuvumela ukuba uqinisekise ukusebenza kwayo Ixesha elilungile. Oku kunceda ukufumanisa iingxaki ezinokwenzeka zokusebenza okanye ukuphazamiseka kweseva ngokukhawuleza, ukuvumela impendulo eguquguqukayo kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo ukuzisombulula.
Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukwenza rhoqo uhlaziyo lweseva yewebhu kunye nokugcinwa kothintelo. Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa iipetshi zokhuseleko, uhlaziyo lwesoftware, kunye nokuphonononga ubumbeko lweseva ukunyusa ukusebenza. Yiba ne-a inkqubo yogcino oluzenzekelayo Ikwabalulekile, kuba kwimeko yokusilela okanye izehlo, ikuvumela ukuba ukhawuleze ukubuyisela ulwazi kwaye unciphise ixesha lokuphumla.
Yenza iikopi zogcino rhoqo zeseva yakho yewebhu
Yinkqubo esisiseko yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokufumaneka kwedatha yakho. Ezi backups ziya kukuvumela ukuba ubuyisele ngokukhawuleza iseva yakho kwimeko yokusilela, ilahleko yedatha okanye uhlaselo lwe-cyber. Nanga amanye amacebiso ogcino olusebenzayo noluthembekileyo.
1. Chaza amaza omoya afanelekileyo: Kubalulekile ukuseka amaxesha oza kwenza ngawo iikopi zokugcina. Oku kuya kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lomsebenzi kwiwebhusayithi yakho kunye nomthamo wedatha oyibambayo. Kwiiwebhusayithi ezinomxholo omileyo, ikopi yeveki inokwanela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba indawo yakho inamandla ngakumbi kwaye ifuna ukuhlaziywa rhoqo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wenze iikopi mihla le okanye amaxesha amaninzi ngemini.
2. Sebenzisa isisombululo esizenzekelayo: Ukwenza iikopi ze-backup ngesandla kunokuba yindinisa kwaye kube lula ukulibala. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo okanye izisombululo ezizenzekelayo ezifana nezikripthi okanye iplug-ins yeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo nesebenzayo yokwenza ugcino rhoqo. Ezi zisombululo ziya kukuvumela ukuba ucwangcise i-backups ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye uzigcine kwindawo yangaphandle, njengomncedisi wangaphandle okanye ifu.
3. Vavanya ii-backups zakho: Akwanelanga ukwenza iikopi zogcino, kodwa kukwabalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyafumaneka kwaye ziyasebenza. Yenza iimvavanyo rhoqo ukuze uqinisekise ukuba ii-backups zakho zinokubuyiswa ngaphandle kweengxaki kwaye zonke iifayile kunye nezicwangciso zigcinwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ukongeza, cinga ukwenza iimvavanyo zokubuyisela kwindawo yophuhliso ukuze uqinisekise ukuba yonke into isebenza ngokuchanekileyo ngaphambi kokufaka ukubuyisela kwiseva yakho yemveliso.
Iingcebiso zokugcina nokuhlaziya iseva yewebhu
Ngezantsi kukho iingcebiso ezibalulekileyo zokugcina kunye nokuhlaziya iseva yakho yewebhu:
-Yenza i-backups rhoqo: Kubalulekile ukuba nesicwangciso esiluqilima sogcino ukuze uqinisekise ukhuseleko lwedatha yakho kunye neefayile. Cwangcisa ii-backups ezizenzekelayo kwaye uzigcine kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ngaphandle komncedisi. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba ubuyisele ngokukhawuleza iwebhusayithi yakho xa kukho nayiphi na ingozi okanye ilahleko yedatha.
-Hlaziya rhoqo isoftware yeseva: Ukugcina iseva yakho yewebhu isexesheni kunye nenguqulelo yamva nje yenkqubo yokusebenza kunye nesoftware kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko. Qiniseka ukuba uphonononga rhoqo uhlaziyo olukhoyo kwaye ulusebenzise ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ungalibali kwakhona ukujonga iipetshi zokhuseleko kunye nohlaziyo lwezicelo kunye neeplagi ezisetyenziswa kwiwebhusayithi yakho.
-Jonga ukusebenza kweseva: Sebenzisa izixhobo zokubeka iliso ukujonga rhoqo ukusebenza kweseva yakho yewebhu. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba uchonge ngokukhawuleza kwaye ulungise nayiphi na imiba, njengokunqongophala kwezixhobo, isantya esicothayo sesiza, okanye ukuphuma okungalindelekanga. Ngokukodwa, gcina iliso kwi-CPU, imemori, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwebhanwidth ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kweseva yakho yewebhu.
Khumbula ukuba ukugcinwa okufanelekileyo kunye nokuhlaziywa rhoqo kweseva yakho yewebhu kubalulekile ekugcineni ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwendawo yakho. Landela ezi ngcebiso kwaye uqinisekise ukuba unesicwangciso sokugcinwa rhoqo ukugcina iseva yakho yewebhu ikwindlela egqibeleleyo yokusebenza. Iwebhusayithi yakho iya kuxhamla ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye namava aphuculweyo omsebenzisi!
Imibuzo neempendulo
Umbuzo: Yintoni iseva yewebhu kwaye isetyenziselwa ntoni?
Impendulo: Iseva yewebhu yinkqubo yesoftware okanye inkqubo eyenza ukuhanjiswa komxholo wewebhu kwi-Intanethi. Isetyenziselwa ukugcina, ukulawula, kunye nokusasaza iifayile zewebhusayithi kwiindwendwe ezicela ukufikelela ngesikhangeli sewebhu.
Q: Zeziphi iimfuno zokuguqula iPC yam ibe yiseva yewebhu?
A: Ukuguqula iPC yakho ibe yiseva yewebhu, uya kudinga inkqubo ehambelanayo yokusebenza, efana neWindows, Linux, okanye iMacOS. Ukongeza, kuya kufuneka ufake isoftware yeseva yewebhu, efana neApache, Nginx, okanye iMicrosoft IIS. Kananjalo, qiniseka ukuba uqhagamshelo lwakho lwe-Intanethi luzinzile kwaye iPC yakho inomthamo owaneleyo wokugcina kunye ne-RAM yokuxhasa umthwalo wondwendwe kunye nokugcwala kwedatha.
Umbuzo: Yeyiphi eyona software icetyiswayo yeseva yewebhu yabaqalayo?
A: Enye yeeseva zewebhu ezicetyiswayo zabaqalayo yiApache. Lukhetho oludumileyo kwaye kulula ukuyiqwalasela kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Ukongeza, inoluntu olukhulu lwabasebenzisi ababonelela ngenkxaso rhoqo kunye nohlaziyo.
Umbuzo: Ngaba ndiza kufuna idilesi ye-IP yoluntu engatshintshiyo kwiseva yam yewebhu?
A: Akunjalo. Ngelixa idilesi ye-IP yoluntu engatshintshiyo inokwenza kube lula ukuseta kunye nokufikelela kwiseva yakho yewebhu, kuyenzeka ukuba usebenzise iinkonzo zokuthumela okanye uqwalasele irutha yakho ukuqondisa kwakhona itrafikhi kwiPC yakho. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba "ukuthunyelwa kwezibuko" kwaye kukuvumela ukuba usebenzise idilesi ye-IP yabucala ukubamba umncedisi wakho wewebhu.
Umbuzo: Ndingayikhusela njani iseva yam yewebhu ukuyikhusela kuhlaselo kwaye ndiqinisekise ubumfihlo bedatha?
A: Ukukhusela umncedisi wakho wewebhu, kubalulekile ukulandela izenzo ezilungileyo zokhuseleko ezifana nokugcina isofthiwe yeseva yewebhu ihlaziywa, usebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo anamandla kwaye uwatshintshe ngamaxesha athile, ukwenza i-firewall, kunye nokuqwalasela izatifikethi ze-SSL ukwenzela ukuba i-encryption yedatha isebenze uyacetyiswa ukuba wenze i-backups rhoqo ze iifayile zakho kwaye nokubek'esweniitrafikhi yenethiwekhi yemisebenzi ekrokrisayo.
Umbuzo: Ziziphi iingenelo zokuguqula iPC yam ibe yiseva yewebhu endaweni yokusebenzisa iinkonzo zokubamba ngewebhu ekwabelwana ngazo?
A: Ngokuguqula iPC yakho ibe yiseva yewebhu, unolawulo olukhulu kunye nokuguquguquka kwiwebhusayithi yakho. Unokwenza izicwangciso kwiimfuno zakho, faka isofthiwe eyongezelelweyo kwiimfuno zakho, kwaye ube nokufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwiilog zeseva kunye nezibalo. Ngaphezu koko, inokungabizi kakhulu ekuhambeni kwexesha kuba akuyi kufuneka uhlawulele iinkonzo zokubamba iwebhu ekwabelwana ngazo.
Umbuzo: Ngaba kukho imida xa usebenzisa iPC yam njengomncedisi wewebhu?
A: Eminye imida xa usebenzisa i-PC yakho njengeseva yewebhu inokubandakanya izithintelo ze-bandwidth kuqhagamshelo lwakho lwe-Intanethi, imida yezixhobo zehardware ezifana nomthamo wokugcina kunye ne-RAM, kunye nezinto zokusebenza ezinokuchaphazela isantya somncedisi kunye nokuphendula. Ukongeza, kuya kufuneka ugcine iPC yakho ivuliwe kwaye isebenza ngokuqhubekayo ukwenza ukwenza iseva ifumaneke kubakhenkethi.
Isishwankathelo
Ngamafutshane, ukuseta iPC yakho njengeseva yewebhu kunokuvula ilizwe lamathuba obukho bakho kwi-Intanethi. Ngokulandela amanyathelo kunye nokwenza isoftware efanelekileyo kunye nolungelelwaniso lwehardware, ukwazile ukuguqula iPC yakho ibengumatshini okwaziyo ukusingatha kunye nokuhambisa iwebhusayithi yakho. Nokuba ujonge ukwenza indawo yobuqu, misela iqonga iiprojekthi zakho okanye uqale elakho ishishini kwi-intanethi, ngoku unakho ukwenza oko ngokusuka kubutofotofo bekhaya lakho.
Khumbula ukuba, njengomlawuli weseva yakho yewebhu, uya kuba noxanduva lokuyigcina ikhuselekile kwaye isexesheni. Oku kubandakanya ukuphumeza amanyathelo okhuseleko, ukwenza ii-backups rhoqo kunye nokuhlala usexesheni ngohlaziyo lwesoftware yamva nje. Ukongeza, unokujonga ngakumbi uqwalaselo kunye neenketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zakho kunye nolwazi lobugcisa.
Ukuba ufuna ukwandisa ngakumbi ubukho bakho kwi-intanethi kwixesha elizayo, unokucinga ngokutyala imali kwi-server ezinikeleyo okanye ukhethe iinkonzo zokubamba iwebhu. Olu khetho luya kukubonelela ngokulinganisa okukhulu, ukuthembeka kunye nenkxaso yobugcisa obukhethekileyo.
Ngamafutshane, ngoku uyayazi indlela yokusebenzisa iPC yakho njengeseva yewebhu, ukulungele ukuqalisa ukwenza uninzi lwesi sixhobo sixabiseke kangaka Phonononga, uyile, kwaye wabelane ngezimvo zakho nehlabathi ukwikhaya lakho!
NdinguSebastián Vidal, injineli yekhompyuter ethanda itekhnoloji kunye ne-DIY. Ngaphaya koko, ndingumdali we tecnobits.com, apho ndabelana ngee-tutorials ukwenza itekhnoloji ifikeleleke kwaye iqondeke kumntu wonke.