Uyitsala njani iWifi ngeIP

Ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi kuye kwaba yimfuneko ebalulekileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Nokuba kungomsebenzi, ukufunda okanye ukuzonwabisa, uqhagamshelo lweWiFi lubalulekile. Kodwa ngaba ukhe wazibuza ukuba ungawuphucula njani umqondiso wakho weWiFi? Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ilizwe elinomdla "Indlela yokutsala iWifi nge-IP". Ngale ndlela yobugcisa, siya kukunika izixhobo kunye nolwazi oluyimfuneko ukwandisa isantya kunye noluhlu lwenethiwekhi yakho engenazingcingo, uqinisekisa amava okukhangela angenamthungo. Zilungiselele ukuthatha uqhagamshelo lwakho lweWiFi ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo!

1. Intshayelelo "Indlela yokususa i-Wifi nge-IP"

Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga isikhokelo esipheleleyo malunga nendlela yokuphosa iWifi nge-IP. Njengoko iteknoloji ihambela phambili, kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi olunzulu malunga nendlela yokusombulula iingxaki nge-Wifi yethu, ngakumbi xa kuziwa kwiingxaki zoqhagamshelwano ngedilesi ye-IP.

Okokuqala, siya kunika intshayelelo ukuba kuthetha ukuthini "ukutsala i-Wifi nge-IP". Siza kuchaza indlela yokuchonga kunye nokusombulula iingxaki ezinxulumene nedilesi ye-IP yenethiwekhi yakho ye-Wifi. Emva koko siya kukunika isifundo Inyathelo nenyathelo ngendlela yokusombulula ezi ngxaki kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule. Siya kukhuthaza ukuqonda okufanelekileyo ngokubonelela ngemizekelo esebenzayo kunye neengcebiso eziluncedo kuyo yonke le nkqubo.

Ukuba ufumana iingxaki zoqhagamshelwano okanye ufuna ukwazi ukuba uxilonga njani kwaye usombulule iingxaki enxulumene nedilesi yakho yeWifi IP, esi sifundo sesakho. Funda ukuze ufumane iindlela kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko ukuchonga nokusombulula naziphi na iingxaki ngoqhagamshelo lwakho ngedilesi ye-IP. Ungakhathazeki, siya kuba nawe onke amanyathelo endlela!

2. Inkcazo kunye nokusebenza kobuchwepheshe be-WiFi

Itekhnoloji yeWiFi yindlela yokuseka uqhagamshelo olungenazingcingo kwi-Intanethi usebenzisa amaza erediyo. Ivumela izixhobo zombane, ezinjengeekhompyuter, ii-smartphones, iitafile, njl.njl., ukuqhagamshela kwinethiwekhi ngaphandle kwesidingo seentambo zomzimba.

Ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe be-WiFi kusekelwe ekusebenziseni i-router engenazintambo, esebenza njengendawo yokufikelela kuqhagamshelo lwe-Intanethi. I-router ithatha isignali ye-Intanethi kumnikezeli wenkonzo kwaye iyiguqule ibe ngamaza erediyo, akhutshwa yi-eriyali. Izixhobo ezinqwenela ukudibanisa kwinethiwekhi ye-WiFi kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngekhadi lenethiwekhi engenazintambo, evumela ukwamkelwa kwala maza omsakazo.

Nje ukuba isixhobo siqhagamshelane nenethiwekhi ye-WiFi, unxibelelwano lusekiwe phakathi kwesixhobo kunye nomzila. Olu nxibelelwano lwenziwa ngokugqithiswa kunye nokwamkelwa kweepakethi zedatha. Izixhobo zithumela izicelo zedatha kwi-router kwaye i-router iqhuba ukuba zithumele impendulo efanelekileyo. Uxhumo lwe-WiFi luvumela ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo, ngokude nje umgama phakathi kwesixhobo kunye ne-router awukude kakhulu kwaye akukho miqobo ephazamisa umqondiso.

3. IP: Ingcamango kunye nobudlelwane bayo kunye neenethiwekhi ze-WiFi

Ingqikelelo ye-IP (iProtocol ye-Intanethi) ibalulekile ekuqondeni ukusebenza kwe Iinethiwekhi ze-WiFi. IP iprotocol yonxibelelwano evumela ukudluliselwa kwedatha phakathi izixhobo ezahlukeneyo iqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi. Isetyenziselwa ukuhambisa nokufumana ulwazi ngendlela yeepakethi kwinethiwekhi, ukuququzelela unxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo ezixhunyiwe.

Kwimeko yothungelwano lwe-WiFi, isixhobo ngasinye esiqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi sinedilesi ye-IP ekhethekileyo eyabelwe sona. Le dilesi isetyenziselwa ukuchonga nokubeka isixhobo ngasinye kumsebenzi wothungelwano. Idilesi ye-IP ingaba static, oko kukuthi, inikwe ngokusisigxina kwisixhobo, okanye i-dynamic, inikwe okwethutyana ngumncedisi we-DHCP. Uthungelwano lweWiFi lukholisa ukusebenzisa iprotocol ye-IPv4, kodwa kuyenzeka ukuba usebenzise i-IPv6 kwezinye iinethiwekhi.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-IP kunye neenethiwekhi ze-WiFi kukuba i-IP ibonelela ngesiseko sonxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi. Enkosi kwiprotocol ye-IP, izixhobo zinokuthumela kwaye zifumane iipakethi zedatha kwinethiwekhi yeWiFi. Oku kuvumela uqhagamshelwano kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, nokuba ukwabelana ngolwazi, ukufikelela kwimithombo ekwabelwana ngayo okanye ukukhangela i-Intanethi.

4. Ukuphonononga okunokwenzeka "kokudonsa" i-WiFi usebenzisa iidilesi ze-IP

Ukuphonononga amathuba "wokudonsa" i-WiFi usebenzisa iidilesi ze-IP, kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela uxhumano olungenazintambo lusebenza ngayo kwaye zeziphi izixhobo ezinokusetyenziswa kule nkqubo. Amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukusombulula le ngxaki aya kuchazwa ngezantsi:

1. Yazi iidilesi ze-IP ezibandakanyekayo: Kubalulekile ukuchonga iidilesi ze-IP zombini isixhobo esifuna "ukutsala" i-WiFi kunye ne-router okanye indawo yokufikelela apho ixhunyiwe khona. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa umyalelo othi "ipconfig" kwifestile yomyalelo kwiWindows okanye usebenzisa useto lwenethiwekhi kwabanye. iinkqubo zokusebenza.

2. Sebenzisa ulawulo lwenethiwekhi kunye nezixhobo zokuhlalutya: Kukho izicelo ezininzi kunye neenkqubo ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukulawula nokuhlalutya amanethiwekhi. Eminye imizekelo edumileyo ibandakanya iWireshark, aircrack-ng, kunye neNetStumbler. Ezi zixhobo zikuvumela ukuba ufumane ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga ne iinethiwekhi ezikhoyo, kubandakanywa iidilesi ze-IP, amandla omqondiso kunye nezinye iinkcukacha eziluncedo.

3. Ukuchonga ubuthathaka kwaye usebenzise amanyathelo okulungisa: Nje ukuba ulwazi malunga neenethiwekhi kunye needilesi ze-IP ziqokelelwe, kunokwenzeka ukuchonga ubuthathaka okanye ubuthathaka kwinethiwekhi enokuthi isetyenziswe "ukulahla" i-WiFi. Kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela, njengokuhlaziya i-router firmware, ukuseta amagama ayimfihlo anamandla, kunye nokusebenzisa iteknoloji yokhuseleko njenge-WPA2. Ukuba ubuthathaka buchongiwe, ungasebenzisa izifundo ze-intanethi kunye nezikhokelo ukufunda indlela yokusombulula iingxaki ezithile ezifunyenweyo.

5. Ezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo "zokutsala" i-WiFi nge-IP

Zibandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo ezikuvumela ukuba uphazamise uqhagamshelo lwe-Intanethi yenethiwekhi ye-WiFi usebenzisa iidilesi ze-IP. Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngaphandle kwemvume kungakhuthazwa kwaye kunokubangela iziphumo ezisemthethweni, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ezi ndlela zisebenza njani ukuze uzikhusele kuhlaselo olunokwenzeka.

1. Uhlaselo lwe-Denial of Service (DoS): Obu buchule bubandakanya ukukhukulisa inethiwekhi ye-WiFi ngenani elikhulu lezicelo zobuxoki, ezigqiba izixhobo zenethiwekhi kwaye zibangele ukuphazamiseka kwinkonzo. Ukwenza uhlaselo lwe-DoS, izixhobo ezifana Hping3 o I-LOIC (I-Low Orbit Ion Cannon), eyenza inani elikhulu lezicelo kwi-router yenethiwekhi.

2. Uhlaselo lokunganyaniseki: Le ndlela ithatha ithuba lobuthathaka kwiprotocol yokhuseleko yeWPA/WPA2 esetyenziswa kwiinethiwekhi ezininzi zeWiFi. Umhlaseli unokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana I-Aircrack-ng o MDK3 ukuthumela iipakethi zokunganyaniseki kwirutha yenethiwekhi, ebangela ukuba izixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kuthungelwano ziqhawule kwaye zibe nobunzima bokudibanisa kwakhona.

3. Ukuhlaselwa kwePoisoning ye-ARP: Ngokusebenzisa iprotocol ye-ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), umhlaseli unokubuyisela i-traffic kwinethiwekhi ye-WiFi kwaye abangele ukuba izixhobo ezixhunyiwe zilahlekelwe uxhumano lwazo kwi-Intanethi. Izixhobo ezifana Ettercap o UKayin noAbheli Zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ezi ntlobo zokuhlaselwa, ukuguqula iitafile ze-ARP zezixhobo ezixhunyiwe kunye nokuqondisa i-traffic ngokusebenzisa umhlaseli.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ezi ndlela zithathwa njengezingekho mthethweni kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngokungafanelekanga kunokuba nefuthe elisemthethweni. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhusela ngokufanelekileyo inethiwekhi yakho ye-WiFi ngokusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo anamandla kunye nokuhlaziya rhoqo i-firmware ye-router. Ukuba ufumana iingxaki zoqhagamshelwano, uyacetyiswa ukuba uqhagamshelane nomboneleli wakho wenkonzo ye-Intanethi okanye ingcali yenethiwekhi ukuze ufumane uncedo lobugcisa.

6. Izixhobo kunye nesoftware yokwenza uhlaselo lwe-WiFi "lutsale" nge-IP

Kweli candelo, siza kuphonononga izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nesoftware ekhoyo ukwenza uhlaselo lokutsalwa kweWiFi IP. Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa ngabasebenzi bokhuseleko lwekhompyuter kwaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokuziphatha nasemthethweni. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuhlasela ngaphandle kokugunyaziswa okufanelekileyo kunokuba semthethweni kwaye kube nemiphumo emibi yomthetho.

1. I-Aircrack-ng: I-Aircrack-ng yimpahla yesixhobo esetyenzisiweyo ukuvavanya ukhuseleko lweenethiwekhi ezingenazingcingo. Esi sixhobo sinamandla sikuvumela ukuba wenze uhlaselo olukhohlakeleyo kwinethiwekhi yeWiFi yamagama agqithisiweyo, ubambe iipakethi zedatha, kwaye uguqule i-WEP kunye nezitshixo zeWPA. I-Aircrack-ng iyahambelana namakhadi amaninzi enethiwekhi engenazingcingo kwaye ingasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo zokusebenza, njengeWindows, Linux kunye ne-macOS.

2. IKismet-Kismet sisixhobo sokubona inethiwekhi engenazingcingo esinika ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga neenethiwekhi zeWi-Fi ezikufutshane. Ukongeza ekuboniseni ii-SSID kunye needilesi ze-MAC, i-Kismet inokuphinda ibonise idatha efana namandla omqondiso, amajelo asetyenzisiweyo, kunye neepakethi ezifakiwe. Olu lwazi lunokuba luncedo ukuchonga ubuthathaka obunokwenzeka kuthungelwano kwaye wenze uhlaselo lwe-WiFi "lokutsala" nge-IP.

3. I-Wireshark: I-Wireshark sisihlalutyi seprotocol yenethiwekhi ekuvumela ukuba ubambe kwaye uhlalutye iipakethi zedatha ngexesha langempela. NgeWireshark, abasebenzisi banokuphonononga iipakethi ezifakiweyo kwaye bakhuphe ulwazi oluxabisekileyo olufana neephasiwedi, iidilesi ze-IP, kunye nomxholo womyalezo. Esi sixhobo sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngabaqeqeshi bezokhuseleko ukuze babone ubuthathaka kwiinethiwekhi, kuquka iinethiwekhi ze-Wi-Fi, kwaye benze ukuhlaselwa kwe-WiFi "pull" nge-IP.

Khumbula ukuba ezi zixhobo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngenkathalo kwaye ngokuhambelana nemithetho esebenzayo. Kuhlala kucetyiswa ukuba ube nemvume kunye nokugunyaziswa komnini wenethiwekhi ngaphambi kokwenza naluphi na uhlobo lokuhlaselwa okanye uvavanyo lokhuseleko.

7. Iingqwalasela zokhuseleko xa usebenzisa iindlela ze-WiFi "zokudonsa" nge-IP

Xa usebenzisa iindlela ze-WiFi "zokutsala" nge-IP, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izilumkiso eziyimfuneko zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi. Nazi ezinye iingqwalasela zokhuseleko ekufuneka uzigcine engqondweni:

• Sebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo anamandla: Qinisekisa ukuba usebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo awomeleleyo neyohlukileyo kwinethiwekhi yakho yeWiFi kunye naziphi na izixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kuyo. Oku kuya kunceda ukuthintela ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kwinethiwekhi yakho.
• Hlaziya i-firmware yezixhobo zakho: Hlala ugcina i-firmware yesixhobo sakho sothungelwano, esifana nerutha yakho yeWiFi, ihlaziyiwe. Uhlaziyo lweFirmware lubandakanya ukuphuculwa kokhuseleko kunye nokulungiswa kobuthathaka obaziwayo.
• Yenza uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo lwenethiwekhi: Qinisekisa ukuba uyaluvumela ufihlo lwenethiwekhi, njenge-WPA2, kwirutha yakho yeWiFi. Oku kuya kunceda ukukhusela ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yakho kunye nokuthintela ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga.

Ukongeza kwezi ngqwalasela zokhuseleko ezisisiseko, unokuphinda ucinge ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezongezelelweyo zokhuseleko, ezifana ne-firewall yenethiwekhi okanye inkqubo yokufumanisa ukungena, ukuphucula ngakumbi ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yakho. Ezi zixhobo zinokukunceda uchonge kwaye uvimbele naziphi na iinzame zokufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kuthungelwano lwakho.

Khumbula ukuba ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yakho ye-WiFi lubalulekile ukukhusela idatha yakho yobuqu kunye nokuthintela uhlaselo lwe-cyber. Landela ezi ngqwalasela zokhuseleko kwaye ugcine inethiwekhi yakho yeWiFi ikhuselekile ngamaxesha onke.

8. Amanyathelo okukhusela inethiwekhi yakho ye-WiFi kuhlaselo usebenzisa iidilesi ze-IP

Khusela inethiwekhi yakho ye-WiFi ukusuka ekuhlaselweni usebenzisa iidilesi ze-IP kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezixhobo zakho kunye nedatha. Nanga amanyathelo asi-8 onokuwathatha ukomeleza ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yakho engenazingcingo:

Inyathelo 1: Guqula igama lakho lenethiwekhi kwaye ukhubaze usasazo lwe-SSID. Ukutshintsha igama elisisiseko lenethiwekhi yakho kunye nokuvala usasazo lwe-SSID kunokwenza kube nzima kubahlaseli ukuchonga inethiwekhi yakho yeWiFi.

Inyathelo 2: Seta igama eliyimfihlo elinamandla. Kubalulekile ukuseta igama eliyimfihlo elinamandla eliqulathe indibaniselwano yoonobumba, amanani kunye nabalinganiswa abakhethekileyo. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo aqhelekileyo okanye acingeleka ngokulula.

Inyathelo 3: Vula idilesi ye-MAC yokucoca. Ukuhluza idilesi ye-MAC kuvumela kuphela izixhobo ezineedilesi ezithile ze-MAC ukuba ziqhagamshelane nenethiwekhi yakho. Yongeza iidilesi ze-MAC zezixhobo zakho ezigunyazisiweyo kuluhlu olumhlophe ukunqanda unxibelelwano olungafunekiyo.

9. Iziphumo ezisemthethweni "zokuphosa" i-WiFi nge-IP

Umkhuba "wokuphosa" i-WiFi nge-IP unokuba nemiphumo emibi yomthetho, njengoko esi senzo sinokuthathwa njengokuhlaselwa kwinethiwekhi. Phantsi kwemithetho yamazwe amaninzi, ukuphazamisa okanye ukonakalisa uthungelwano ngaphandle kokugunyaziswa lulwaphulo-mthetho yaye kunokohlwaywa ngeefayini kunye nokuvalelwa entolongweni. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuqonda iimpembelelo zomthetho phambi kokuthatha naliphi na inyathelo eliya kuba nefuthe elibi kwinethiwekhi ye-WiFi ye-IP.

Ukongeza kwizohlwayo zomthetho, "ukulahla" i-WiFi nge-IP kunokubangela nokulahlekelwa kweenkonzo ezinikezelwa ngumnikezeli we-Intanethi. Ngokwenza olu hlobo lohlaselo, idilesi ye-IP enoxanduva inokuchongwa kwaye ivalwe, ikhusela ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi. Ukongeza, umboneleli unokuthatha amanyathelo asemthethweni ngokuchasene nomsebenzisi owonayo, okunokubangela ukunqunyanyiswa okanye ukupheliswa kwenkonzo yakho ye-Intanethi.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba iingozi kunye nemiphumo yomthetho "yokulahla" i-WiFi nge-IP ayichaphazeli kuphela umntu okhubekisayo, kodwa kunye namaqela esithathu abandakanyekayo. Ukuba ukuhlaselwa kwenethiwekhi kubangela umonakalo okanye ilahleko kwabanye abantu okanye iinkampani, abo bachaphazelekayo banokufaka amabango asemthethweni kumntu onoxanduva. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iziphumo ezinokubakho phambi kokuthatha naliphi na inyathelo ngokuchasene nenethiwekhi ye-WiFi ye-IP.

10. Iimeko zangempela ze-WiFi "ukudonsa" ukuhlaselwa nge-IP kunye neziphumo zabo

Kweli candelo, siza kuphonononga i-10. Imeko nganye iya kusinika imbono ekhethekileyo malunga nendlela uhlaselo lokutsalwa kwe-WiFi IP lunokuchaphazela ngayo abantu kunye nemibutho. Ezi meko zangempela ziya kusivumela ukuba siqonde ngcono iziphumo zolu hlaselo kunye nendlela yokuthintela kwixesha elizayo.

1. I-Case 1: Ukuhlaselwa kwe-WiFi "ukudonsa" kwinkampani yeenkonzo zezemali kubangele ukuphuma kwexesha elide kweenkonzo ze-intanethi kwaye kubangele ilahleko enkulu yemali. Siza kuphonononga indlela umhlaseli asebenzise ngayo iidilesi ze-IP zobuxoki ukuze akhukulise inethiwekhi kunye nendlela esi siganeko sasonjululwa ngayo.

2. Ityala lesi-2: Umntu okhohlakeleyo wenze uhlaselo lwe-WiFi "lokudonsa" kwinethiwekhi yasekhaya, ekhubaza ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi kuzo zonke izixhobo ezixhunyiwe. Siza kujonga amanyathelo okhuseleko anganeleyo aphunyezwe ngumnini womnatha kunye nendlela olu hlaselo lwalunokuthintelwa ngayo.

11. Amanyathelo okuthintela ukuphepha ukuba lixhoba lokuhlaselwa kwe-WiFi "ukudonsa" nge-IP

Kule post, siza kuphonononga amanyathelo okuthintela onokuthi uwathathe ukuze uphephe ukuba lixhoba lohlaselo lokutsalwa kweWiFi IP. Landela la manyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yakho:

1. Tshintsha igama lokugqitha lerouter rhoqo: Kubalulekile ukutshintsha igama eliyimfihlo lerouter yakho ukunqanda abahlaseli ukuba baqikelele igama eliyimfihlo. Khetha igama lokugqitha elomeleleyo elidibanisa oonobumba abakhulu, oonobumba abancinane, amanani, kunye noonobumba abakhethekileyo, kwaye ulitshintshe ngamaxesha athile ukuze uhlale ukhuselekile.

2. Hlaziya i-firmware ye-router yakho: Abavelisi be-router bahlala bekhulula uhlaziyo lwe-firmware ukujongana nobuthathaka obaziwayo. Qinisekisa ukuba ugcina umzila wakho usexesheni ngokufaka uhlaziyo lwamva nje olukhoyo. Jonga incwadi yomsebenzisi okanye iwebhusayithi yomenzi ngemiyalelo ethile.

3. Vumela ukubethela kwenethiwekhi: Qinisekisa ukuba inethiwekhi yakho yeWiFi ikhuselwe ngokusebenzisa uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo. Uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo lwenethiwekhi, olufana ne-WPA2 (i-Wi-Fi eKhuselweyo yokuFikelela 2), ikhuseleke kakhulu kuneenketho zakudala ezifana ne-WEP. Yiya kuseto lwerouter yakho ukwenza uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo kwaye ukhethe iqhosha eliluqilima lofihlo.

12. Iingcebiso zokuqinisa ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yakho ye-WiFi ngokuchasene nohlaselo lwe-IP olunokwenzeka

Njengoko isoyikiso esikhulayo sokuhlaselwa kwe-IP kwiinethiwekhi zeWiFi, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo asebenzayo ukomeleza ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yethu kunye nokukhusela ulwazi lwethu. Ngezantsi kukho iingcebiso eziphambili esinokuzilandela:

1. Guqula igama lenethiwekhi kunye negama lokugqitha: Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa igama elilodwa lothungelwano kunye negama eliyimfihlo, elintsonkothileyo. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa iinkcukacha zobuqu kwi-password yakho kwaye uyitshintshe rhoqo.
2. Hlaziya i-firmware ye-router: Ukugcina i-firmware yakho ye-router isexesheni iqinisekisa ukuba amanyathelo okhuseleko amva nje akhona kwaye inceda ukukhusela ngokuchasene nobuthathaka obaziwayo.
3. Khubaza usasazo lwe-SSID: Ngokukhubaza usasazo lwe-SSID, sifihla inethiwekhi yethu ye-WiFi kubasebenzisi abangagunyaziswanga, sisenza kube nzima ukuyibhaqa.

Ukongeza kwezi ngcebiso zisisiseko, kukho eminye imilinganiselo eyongezelelweyo esinokuyiphumeza ukomeleza ngakumbi ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yethu ye-WiFi:

• Hluza iidilesi ze-MAC: Ngokuvumela eli nqaku, zizixhobo kuphela ezineedilesi ze-MAC ezivumelekileyo eziya kukwazi ukuqhagamshela kwinethiwekhi yethu.
• Sebenzisa inethwekhi yabucala enenyani (VPN): Ngokusebenzisa i-VPN, yonke idatha ethunyelwe kwaye ifunyenwe kwinethiwekhi yethu iya kufihlwa, inikezela ngokhuseleko olongezelelweyo.
• Lungiselela i-firewall: I-firewall sisixhobo esisebenzayo sokubeka iliso kunye nokuthintela uxhulumaniso olungagunyaziswanga, ukunceda ukuthintela ukuhlaselwa kwinethiwekhi yethu.

Ukuthatha ezi ngcebiso kuya kusivumela ukuba someleze ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yethu ye-WiFi kwaye sinciphise kakhulu umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa kwe-IP. Kubalulekile ukuhlala unolwazi malunga neendlela zamva nje kunye nobuchule obusetyenziswa ngabaphuli-mthetho be-cyber ukuqinisekisa ukuba siphumeza awona manyathelo asebenzayo ngamaxesha onke.

13. Ikamva le-IP ye-WiFi yokuTloba ukuhlaselwa: iiTrendi kunye nezisombululo ezisakhulayo

Kwilizwe eliya liqhagamsheleka, uhlaselo lokutsalwa kweWiFi IP lube yinkxalabo ekhulayo yabasebenzisi kunye neenkampani. Olu hlaselo, olubandakanya ukoyisa inethiwekhi ye-WiFi yesixhobo kunye nenani elikhulu lezicelo, inokuchaphazela kakubi isantya kunye nomgangatho woqhagamshelo lwe-Intanethi, kunye nokuthomalalisa ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi.

Ukulwa nezi ntlobo zokuhlaselwa, kubalulekile ukulandela amanyathelo athile kwaye usebenzise izixhobo ezisakhulayo kunye nezisombululo. Nanga amanye amacebiso asebenzayo anokukunceda ukukhusela inethiwekhi yakho ye-WiFi:

• Guqula amagama ayimfihlo asisiseko: Kubalulekile ukutshintsha amagama ayimfihlo angagqibekanga kwizixhobo zakho zeWiFi, njengoko abahlaseli bahlala besebenzisa uluhlu lwamagama ayimfihlo aqhelekileyo ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi.
• Hlaziya i-firmware: Hlala ugcina iirotha zakho kunye ezinye izixhobo ihlaziywe ngoguqulelo lwefirmware yamva nje ekhoyo. Oku kunceda ukulungisa ubuthathaka obunokwenzeka kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi.
• Lungiselela i-firewall: I-firewall yerouter yakho ngumqobo wokhuseleko obalulekileyo. Qinisekisa ukuba uyavula kwaye ulungelelanise kakuhle i-firewall yakho ukucoca itrafikhi engafunekiyo kwaye uvimbele uhlaselo olunokwenzeka.

Ukongeza kula manyathelo okuthintela, kukho izisombululo ezivelayo onokuthi uziphumeze ukuze uzikhusele kuhlaselo lokutsalwa kwe-WiFi IP. Ezinye zezi zisombululo ziquka ukusetyenziswa kweenkonzo zokukhusela inethiwekhi, njenge-VPN (i-Virtual Private Network), ebethelela uxhulumaniso lwakho kwaye ufihle i-IP yakho, ukwenza imizamo yokuhlasela ibe nzima. Ungaphinda ucinge ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokubona ukungena ngaphakathi (IDS) ezihlala zibeka iliso kwinethiwekhi yakho ngokuziphatha okukrokrisayo kunye nezilumkiso zakwangoko.

14. Izigqibo: ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba uzikhusele ngokupheleleyo kuhlaselo lwe-WiFi "lokudonsa" nge-IP?

14. Izigqibo:

Ukuqukumbela, nangona kunzima ukuzikhusela ngokupheleleyo kuhlaselo lokutsalwa kwe-WiFi IP, kukho imilinganiselo enokunceda ukunciphisa le ngxaki. Ngezantsi kukho iingcebiso eziphambili:

• Sebenzisa igama eligqithisiweyo eliqinileyo: Kubalulekile ukuba ube negama lokugqitha elomeleleyo kwirutha yeWiFi, ukunqanda amagama ayimfihlo achazwe kwangaphambili okanye ekulula ukuwathelekelela. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa udibaniso lweeleta, amanani kunye nabalinganiswa abakhethekileyo.
• Hlaziya i-firmware ye-router: Ukugcina i-router yakho ihlaziywe ngeenguqulelo ze-firmware zamva nje kubalulekile, njengoko abavelisi bahlala bekhupha uhlaziyo ukulungisa ubuthathaka obaziwayo.
• Yenza uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo lwe-WPA2 okanye lwe-WPA3: Lungiselela i-router ukuze usebenzise ufihlo lwedatha oluphezulu olunokwenzeka, njenge-WPA2 okanye i-WPA3, endaweni ye-WEP, esengozini yokuhlaselwa kwe-WiFi.
• Iidilesi ze-MAC zokuhluza: Kuyenzeka ukuba uqwalasele i-router ukuvumela kuphela ukufikelela kwizixhobo ezineedilesi ze-MAC ezibhalisiweyo kwaye zigunyazisiweyo.
• Qwalasela iVLAN yenethiwekhi yeWiFi: Ngokuvumela iiVLANs kwi-router, unokwahlula uthungelwano kwaye unciphise ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi ye-WiFi kwizixhobo ezithile kuphela.

Ngamafutshane, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukhuseleko olupheleleyo alukho, kodwa ukuphumeza la manyathelo okukhusela kunokunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okubandezeleka kwe-WiFi nge-IP "yokudonsa" ukuhlaselwa. Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlale usexesheni kubuthathaka bamva nje kunye neendlela zokuhlasela ukuze uzilungiselele kwaye uzikhusele ngokusebenzayo.

Ukuqukumbela, ngoku ukuba sihlolisise iinketho ezahlukeneyo kunye namanyathelo "Indlela yokususa i-Wifi nge-IP", sinokuqinisekisa ukuba le nkqubo inokuqhutywa ngendlela yobugcisa kunye nechanekileyo. Nangona kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuguqulwa kweedilesi ze-IP kunye nokufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kuthungelwano lwe-Wi-Fi kunokwaphulwa komthetho kunye nokuziphatha.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba iidilesi ze-IP zingumqolo wonxibelelwano kuthungelwano kwaye kufuneka ziphathwe ngenkathalo. Endaweni yokujonga iindlela "zokutsala" okanye ukuphazamisa inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba sisebenzise ulwazi lwethu lobugcisa ukuphucula kunye nokomeleza ukhuseleko lweenethiwekhi zethu.

Itekhnoloji ihambela phambili ngesantya esiphezulu, kwaye iingcali zokhuseleko zihlala ziphuhlisa iindlela ezintsonkothileyo zokukhusela iinethiwekhi ezingenazingcingo. Ke ngoko, kusebenza ngakumbi ukuhlala unolwazi ngenkqubela phambili yamva nje kunye nezenzo ezilungileyo kukhuseleko lwe-cyber.

Ngamafutshane, ukusebenzisa ulwazi lobugcisa ukwenza iidilesi ze-IP kunye nokonakalisa uthungelwano lwe-Wi-Fi alucetyiswa kwaye luchasene. Endaweni yoko, izenzo ezinoxanduva nezikhuselekileyo kufuneka zikhuthazwe ukuqinisekisa intembeko yoqhagamshelo lwethu olungenazingcingo kwaye zikhusele zombini ubumfihlo bethu kunye nobo babanye abasebenzisi. Ukuhlala unolwazi kunye nokusebenzisa itekhnoloji ngokweenqobo ezisesikweni kunye nenkathalo ngundoqo kubume bedijithali. ikhuselekile kwaye ithembekile.