Ungayivula njani ifayile yeJSP?

Ungayivula njani ifayile yeJSP?

Iifayile ze-JSP (i-JavaServer Pages) zibuchwephesha obusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuphuhliso lwezicelo zewebhu kwiJava. Ezi fayile ziqulethe ikhowudi yeJava kunye ne-HTML edibeneyo, ezivumela ukuba zivelise umxholo wewebhu. Ukuvula ifayile yeJSP kwaye ujonge imixholo yayo, kufuneka ube nendawo efanelekileyo yophuhliso kwaye ulandele amanyathelo ambalwa alula. Kweli nqaku, siya kuchaza indlela yokuvula ifayile ye-JSP ngempumelelo.

1. Intshayelelo kwifayile ye-JSP: ingcamango kunye neempawu ezisisiseko

Yintoni ifayile yeJSP?

Ifayile ye-JSP, okanye i-JavaServer Pages, luhlobo lwefayile esetyenziselwa uphuhliso lwesicelo sewebhu esidibanisa i-HTML kunye nekhowudi yeJava. Injongo ephambili kwifayile I-JSP kukuvelisa umxholo oguqukayo enokuthunyelwa kumxhasi nge isiphequluli sewebhu. Ngokungafaniyo nefayile ye-HTML engatshintshiyo, ifayile ye-JSP ivumela ikhowudi yeJava ukuba iqhutywe kwiseva ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe kumxhasi.

Iimpawu eziphambili zeeFayile zeJSP

– Iithegi ze-JSP: Iifayile zeJSP zisebenzisa iithegi ezikhethekileyo ukudibanisa ikhowudi yeJava kunye neHTML. Ezi thegi zenza kube lula ukubhala ikhowudi eguqukayo ngaphakathi kwefayile ye-JSP. Ezinye zezona ziqhelekileyo iilebhile <% %> ukufaka ikhowudi yeJava kunye <%= %> ukuprinta iinguqu kumxholo weHTML.

– Iinkonzo: Iifayile ze-JSP zihlanganiswe kwii-servlets ngexesha lokuphunyezwa. I-servlet yinkqubo ebhalwe kwiJava esebenza kumncedisi kwaye ivelisa umxholo oguqukayo oza kuthunyelwa kumxhasi. Le ndlela, Iifayile ze-JSP ziba ngamacandelo ecala leseva enokunxibelelana novimba weenkcukacha kunye nezinye izibonelelo.

– Ithala leencwadi eliMgangatho le-JSP (JSTL): I-JSTL yilayibrari yethegi echazwe kwangaphambili eyandisa ukusebenza kweefayile zeJSP. Ezi thegi zibonelela ngokufikelela kwizakhiwo zolawulo, umhla kunye neefomati zenani, phakathi kwezinye izinto eziluncedo. ngenxa uphuhliso lwewebhu. I-JSTL yenza lula ukubhala ikhowudi ye-JSP kwaye ikhuthaze ulwahlulo olukhulu phakathi kwengqiqo yezoshishino kunye nomboniso kwifayile ye-JSP.

Isishwankathelo, Iifayile ze-JSP zisisixhobo esinamandla sokuvelisa umxholo oguqukayo kwizicelo zewebhu. Ukusebenzisa iithegi ezikhethekileyo kunye nolwimi lweprogram yeJava, kunokwenzeka ukwenza amaphepha ewebhu ahambelana neemfuno zomsebenzisi. ngexesha langempela. Ukuhlanganiswa kwii-servlets kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-JSTL ukwandisa ngakumbi amathuba eefayile ze-JSP, ukuvumela ukufikelela kwizibonelelo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwengqiqo yezoshishino kumncedisi.

2. Ukumisela indawo yophuhliso ukuvula iifayile ze-JSP

Ukuze uvule iifayile ze-JSP kwindawo yethu yophuhliso, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela izixhobo ezithile kunye nezicwangciso zangaphambili. Ngezantsi, sibonisa amanyathelo ekufuneka uwalandele ukwenza olu lungelelwaniso ngokufanelekileyo:

1. Faka iseva yewebhu: Ukuze uvule kwaye ujonge iifayile ze-JSP, kuyimfuneko ukuba umncedisi wewebhu ofakwe kwindawo yethu yophuhliso. Ezinye zezona zikhetho ziqhelekileyo yiApache Tomcat, iJetty okanye i-Oracle WebLogic. Sinokukhuphela kwaye sifake iseva yewebhu esiyithandayo kwiwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni.

2. Qwalasela iseva yewebhu: Nje ukuba iseva yewebhu ifakiwe, kufuneka simisele uqwalaselo oluyimfuneko ukuze ikwazi ukubona nokusingatha iifayile zeJSP. Oku kuquka ukulungisa ezinye iifayile zolungiselelo lweseva, ezinje ngo "web.xml" okanye "server.xml", ngokuxhomekeke kumncedisi esiwusebenzisayo. Kwezi fayile, kufuneka sivumele inkxaso ye-JSP kwaye siqwalasele indawo yeefayile zethu.

3. Lungiselela imeko-bume yophuhliso: Ukongeza ekubeni nomncedisi wewebhu uqwalaselwe, kufuneka kwakhona sibe nendawo efanelekileyo yophuhliso ukuvula nokuhlela iifayile ze-JSP. I-IDE (Imekobume yoPhuhliso eDityanisiweyo) efana ne-Eclipse, I-IntelliJ IDEA o I-NetBeans lolona khetho lubalaseleyo, kuba lusinika izixhobo ezithile zophuhliso losetyenziso lwewebhu. Xa ufaka i-IDE, kufuneka siqinisekise ukuyiqwalasela ngokuchanekileyo, ukuseka iseva yewebhu esiyifakile njengomncedisi wesicelo ongagqibekanga.

Ngala manyathelo, siye saqwalasela indawo yethu yophuhliso ukuvula nokusebenza ngeefayile ze-JSP ngempumelelo. Ngoku sinokuqala ukuphuhlisa nokuvavanya usetyenziso lwethu lwewebhu kwiJava usebenzisa le teknoloji. Ungalibazisi ukuphonononga imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye neempawu ezinikezela ngeefayile ze-JSP ukuphucula iiprojekthi zakho iwebhu!

3. Ukusebenzisa indawo edibeneyo yophuhliso (IDE) ukuvula nokuhlela iifayile ze-JSP

Ukuze ndi vula kwaye uhlele iifayile zeJSP, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa a imeko-bume yophuhliso oludibeneyo (IDE) ebonelela ngezixhobo kunye nemisebenzi eyimfuneko kolu hlobo lwemisebenzi. I-IDE yisoftware enikezela ngeseti yeenkonzo ukuququzelela uphuhliso lwesicelo kwaye ikuvumela ukuba uhlele, uqokelele, ulungise kwaye usebenzise ikhowudi kwindawo enye.

Enye yezona IDE zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukusebenza ngeefayile ze-JSP yi-Eclipse. I-Eclipse yi-IDE eyaziwayo yomthombo ovulekileyo emhlabeni yophuhliso lwewebhu. Inika ujongano olubonakalayo kunye neempawu ezinamandla ezenza kube lula ukuhlela nokujonga iifayile zeJSP. Ukongeza, ineeplagi kunye nezandiso ezikuvumela ukuba uphucule ngakumbi amava ophuhliso kunye nokwandisa umsebenzi ngale teknoloji.

Nje ukuba i-Eclipse ifakwe kwaye iqwalaselwe, ukuvula nokuhlela iifayile ze-JSP kulula kakhulu. Kufuneka nje sivule i-IDE, khetha iprojekthi equlethe ifayile ye-JSP esifuna ukuyihlela nokukhangela ifayile kwisakhiwo seprojekthi. Nje ukuba siyifumene ifayile, sicofa kabini kuyo kwaye iya kuvula kumhleli wekhowudi ye-Eclipse. Ukusuka apho, sinokwenza uhlengahlengiso esiludingayo kwaye sigcine utshintsho. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukujonga ifayile ye-JSP kwisikhangeli sewebhu esidityanisiweyo kwi-IDE, esivumela ukuba sibone umphumo wotshintsho lwethu kwi-IDE. Ixesha elilungile.

4. Izixhobo kunye nesoftware yokujonga iifayile zeJSP kwibhrawuza yewebhu

Ukujonga iifayile zeJSP kwisikhangeli sewebhu kubalulekile kubaphuhlisi bewebhu kunye nabadwelisi benkqubo abasebenza ngobuchwephesha beJava. Ngethamsanqa, kukho izixhobo ezininzi kunye nesoftware ekhoyo eyenza lula le nkqubo. Ngezantsi lukhetho oludumileyo:

Apache Tomcat: Yenye yeeseva zewebhu zeJava ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye inikezela ngesisombululo esipheleleyo sokusebenzisa usetyenziso lwe-JSP kwindawo yewebhu. Ibonelela ngeseva yeseva yeJava kunye nesonga se-JSP esivumela iifayile ze-JSP ukuba ziboniswe ngokuthe ngqo kwisikhangeli. Ukongeza, i-Tomcat ikwadibanisa ngokulula nezinye izixhobo zophuhliso lwewebhu njenge-Eclipse.

Ijethi: Kukhaphukhaphu, kumthombo ovulekileyo weseva yewebhu yeJava ekwabandakanya inkxaso ye-JSP. I-Jetty ivelele ngesantya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, kwaye iluncedo ngakumbi kuphuhliso lwendawo kunye novavanyo lwezicelo zewebhu. Inika ujongano lolawulo olubonakalayo olukuvumela ukuba uqwalasele ngokulula kwaye ujonge iifayile zeJSP kwisikhangeli.

Ukufiphala kwelanga: Ukuba ukhetha ukusebenza ngendawo ehlanganisiweyo yophuhliso (IDE), i-Eclipse lukhetho olukhulu. Le software idume kakhulu phakathi kwabaphuhlisi beJava kwaye ibonelela ngomhleli osisityebi we-JSP ngokuqaqambisa isintaksi kunye neempawu ezizigqibezelayo. Ukongeza, i-Eclipse ibandakanya iseva yewebhu ye-Tomcat eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, iyenza kube lula ukujonga iifayile ze-JSP kwi-IDE.

Ngamafutshane, ukuba nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nesoftware kubalulekile ukujonga iifayile zeJSP kwisikhangeli sewebhu. Zombini i-Apache Tomcat, iJetty kunye ne-Eclipse zinokwethenjelwa kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi iinketho kuluntu lophuhliso lwewebhu. Nokuba yeyiphi na inketho oyikhethayo, qiniseka ukuba uyaziqhelanisa nesetingi kunye nokusebenza kwayo ukuze usebenzise ngokupheleleyo amandla ayo. Qala ukuphonononga ezi zixhobo kwaye wonwabele amava angenangxaki xa uvula iifayile zeJSP kwisikhangeli sakho osithandayo!

5. Ukubaluleka kokuqulunqa iifayile zeJSP phambi kokuzivula kumncedisi

Ukuvula ifayile yeJSP ngokufanelekileyo kwaye uqinisekise ukusebenza kwayo okuchanekileyo kwiseva, kubalulekile ukuyiqokelela kwangaphambili. Kodwa kuthetha ukuthini ngokwenene ukuqokelela ifayile ye-JSP kwaye kutheni ibaluleke kangaka?

Ukuhlanganiswa kwefayile ye-JSP kubhekiselele kwinkqubo yokuguqula ikhowudi yeJava efakwe kwifayile kwifayile yeklasi yeJava ephunyeziweyo. Eli nyathelo libalulekile kuba livumela umncedisi ukuba aqonde kwaye enze ikhowudi ngaphakathi kwefayile ye-JSP. indlela esebenzayo. Ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa kwangaphambili, umncedisi akayi kukwazi ukuqonda ikhowudi kunye neempazamo ziya kwenzeka xa uzama ukuvula ifayile ye-JSP kumncedisi.

Ngenxa yoko, ukuqulunqa iifayile ze-JSP kunika inani leenzuzo eziphambili kubaphuhlisi kunye nabalawuli beeseva. Okokuqala, xa uqulunqa ifayile ye-JSP, iimpazamo ze-syntax kunye neprograming ziya kubonwa. Oku kuluncedo kakhulu ekuchongeni ngokukhawuleza iingxaki kunye nokuzilungisa ngaphambi kokuba zisiwe kumncedisi wemveliso.

Ukongeza, ukuqulunqa iifayile ze-JSP kuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kweseva, njengoko ikhowudi ehlanganisiweyo isebenza ngokukhawuleza kunekhowudi engabhalwanga. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuhlanganiswa kuguqula ikhowudi ye-JSP ibe yifom ephuculweyo yokubulawa, ukunciphisa inani lezibonelelo ezifunekayo kunye nokuphucula isantya sokuphendula somncedisi.

Okokugqibela, ukuqulunqa iifayile ze-JSP kukwabonelela ngokhuseleko olungcono. Ukuqulunqa ifayile kuthintela ikhowudi yemvelaphi ukuba ifikeleleke yabasebenzisi okokugqibela, okunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa ngonya. Oku kubalulekile ukukhusela imfezeko kunye nemfihlo yedatha kumncedisi.

Isishwankathelo, ukuqulunqa iifayile ze-JSP ngaphambi kokuzivula kwiseva linyathelo elibalulekileyo lokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukwandisa ukusebenza kweseva, kunye nokukhusela ukhuseleko lwedatha. Ukuqulunqa ukubona iimpazamo, kuphucula ukusebenza, kwaye kunika umaleko owongezelelweyo wokhuseleko kwiifayile ze-JSP. Musa ukutsiba le nkqubo ibalulekileyo phambi kokuba uyisebenzise iifayile zakho JSP kwimveliso.

6. Ukuxazulula iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zokuvula iifayile ze-JSP kunye neengcebiso zokuziphepha

1. JSP ifayile yokujonga isintaksi
Enye yeengxaki eziqhelekileyo xa uvula ifayile ye-JSP kukufumana iimpazamo kwi-syntax yekhowudi. Ukunqanda oku, kubalulekile ukujonga ngokucokisekileyo ifayile ye-JSP phambi kokuyivula. Nanga amanye amacebiso okwenza:

• Qwalasela ukubekwa okuchanekileyo kweelebhile <% %> y <%= %> ukuqinisekisa ukuba zivula kwaye zivale ngokufanelekileyo.
• Khangela ukuba zonke iinkcazo kunye neentetho zivaliwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye akukho zinto zingekhoyo.
• Ukuba usebenzisa iilebhile eziqhelekileyo, qinisekisa ukuba zichazwe ngokuchanekileyo kwifayile yeelebhile.

2. Ukuhambelana kokusingqongileyo kophuhliso
Enye ingxaki eqhelekileyo xa uvula iifayile ze-JSP zinokunxulumana nokungahambelani kwemekobume. Ukunqanda lo mba, qiniseka ukuba unenguqulelo ehlaziyiweyo yeseva yesicelo kunye nemekobume yophuhliso ehlanganisiweyo (IDE) oyisebenzisayo. Kwakhona, gcina oku kulandelayo engqondweni:

• Qinisekisa ukuba uguqulelo lweseva yesicelo iyahambelana nenguqulelo yeJava esetyenziswe kwifayile yeJSP.
• Ijonga ukuba indawo yakho yophuhliso inezongezo eziyimfuneko kunye neeplagi zokuvula nokusebenza ngeefayile ze-JSP ngokuchanekileyo.
• Ukuba usebenzisa i-IDE, yiqwalasele ngokuchanekileyo ukuqaphela kunye nokuphatha iifayile ze-JSP njengamaphepha aguqukayo eJava.

3. Indlela yefayile kunye nemiba yendawo
Ngamanye amaxesha, xa uvula ifayile ye-JSP, iingxaki zinokuvela ezinxulumene neendlela kunye nendawo ye ezinye iifayile iyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwayo okuchanekileyo. Apha sikushiyela iingcebiso zokunqanda ezi ngxaki:

• Qinisekisa ukuba iindlela zesimbo (CSS) kunye nescript (JavaScript) iifayile zichazwe ngokuchanekileyo kwifayile ye-JSP, ukuze zikwazi ukulayisha ngokufanelekileyo xa uyivula.
• Qinisekisa ukuba ibandakanya iindlela zefayile (imiyalelo) <%@ ziquka ifayile="..." %>) zichanekile kwaye zinokufumaneka kwindawo ekhankanyiweyo.
• Ukuba ifayile ye-JSP isebenzisa izixhobo zangaphandle, ezifana nedatha, khangela ukuba idatha yoqhagamshelwano kunye neendlela zichanekile kwaye zingasetwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngokulandela la macebiso kwaye usombulule iingxaki eziqhelekileyo xa uvula iifayile ze-JSP, uya kukwazi ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ugweme ukuphazamiseka kuphuhliso lwezicelo zakho zewebhu.

7. Iingcebiso zokugqibela zokuvula nokusingatha iifayili ze-JSP ngokuchanekileyo

Nazi ezinye zezibonelo. iingcebiso zokugqibela ukuvula nokuphatha iifayile zeJSP ngokuchanekileyo. Ezi ngcebiso ziya kunceda ekuqinisekiseni inkqubo egudileyo kwaye esebenzayo xa usebenza nezi ntlobo zeefayile.

1. Lungiselela iifayile ze-JSP kwiifolda ezinengqiqo: Kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibanise iifayile ze-JSP ezinxulumeneyo zibe ziifolda ezinengqiqo ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni kwazo. Oku kuya kwenza ukuba iprojekthi ihambe lula kwaye igcinwe. Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ulwakhiwo lwefolda oluhambelanayo kunye netheywa ngokungaguqukiyo kuyo yonke iprojekthi.

2. Sebenzisa amagqabantshintshi achazayo: Xa uvula nokuqonda ifayile ye-JSP, kuyanceda ukusebenzisa izimvo ezichazayo. La mazwana kufuneka achaze injongo kunye nengqiqo emva kwamacandelo ekhowudi, okwenza kube lula kwabanye abaphuhlisi ukuqonda ifayile. Ukongeza, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise amagqabantshintshi ukugqamisa iinxalenye zekhowudi ezinokuthi zibaluleke ngakumbi okanye zifune ingqwalasela eyongezelelweyo.

3. Yenza uvavanyo olucokisekileyo: Ngaphambi kokuthumela ifayile ye-JSP, kubalulekile ukwenza uvavanyo olubanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba isebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kubandakanya ukungqinisisa ukusebenza okuchanekileyo kwezinto eziguquguqukayo ezifana nezinto eziguquguqukayo, iiluphu kunye neemeko. Ukongezelela, kucetyiswa ukuba uhlalutye iindawo zeempazamo ezinokwenzeka ezifana nokuphatha ngaphandle kunye nokuhambelana neziphequluli ezahlukeneyo. Emva kokuba ifayile ye-JSP iqinisekisiwe ukuba isebenze ngokuchanekileyo, iya kuba ilungele ukuphunyezwa kwiprojekthi yokugqibela.

Ngokulandela ezi ngcebiso, uya kukwazi ukuvula nokuphatha iifayile ze-JSP ngokuchanekileyo, eziza kuququzelela inkqubo yophuhliso kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwesicelo sakho. Khumbula ukugcina ulwakhiwo olucwangcisiweyo, sebenzisa izimvo ezichazayo, kwaye wenze uvavanyo olubanzi ngaphambi kokuthumela iifayile zakho zeJSP. Ngolu qheliselo, uya kuba kwindlela elungileyo yokuphuhlisa usetyenziso lwewebhu oluluqilima nolusebenzayo.