Zeziphi iilwimi zeprogram ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-automation yesicelo?

INTSHAYELELO:

Kwinkqubela phambili ekhawulezayo yetekhnoloji, i-automation yesicelo iye yaba yimfuneko esisiseko kwimibutho emininzi. Ukukwazi ukwenza iinkqubo eziphindaphindiweyo ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ngaphandle kokungenelela komntu kubalulekile ekuphuculeni imveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kuphuhliso lwesoftware. Ngale ndlela, ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwenkqubo ethile kuye kwaba yimfuneko ukufezekisa oku kuzenzekelayo kuphuhliso kunye novavanyo lwezicelo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga iilwimi ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa eziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwi-automation yesicelo, kunye neempawu zazo kunye nezinto eziluncedo kwicandelo lobugcisa.

1. Introducción a la automatización de aplicaciones

I-automation yesicelo yindlela evumela ukuba imisebenzi ephindaphindiweyo yenziwe ngokuzenzekelayo, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokungenelela ngesandla. Ngokuzenzekelayo, kunokwenzeka ukukhawulezisa iinkqubo, ukunciphisa iimpazamo, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle ekuphuhlisweni kwesicelo kunye nokugcinwa.

Kule posi, siza kuphonononga iziseko zosetyenziso oluzenzekelayo kunye nendlela enokusetyenziswa ngayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Siza kubonelela ngezifundo ezineenkcukacha, iingcebiso eziluncedo, kunye nemizekelo esebenzayo ukukunceda uphumeze usetyenziso oluzenzekelayo kwizicelo zakho.

Ukuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda izibonelelo ze-automation yesicelo. Ngombulelo kobu buchule, kunokwenzeka ukugcina ixesha kunye nezixhobo ngokususa imfuno yokuphindaphinda imisebenzi yezandla. Ukongezelela, ngeenkqubo zokuzenzekelayo, iimpazamo zabantu ziyancipha kwaye ukuchaneka kwemisebenzi eyenziwayo kuphuculwe. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kuphuhliso kunye novavanyo lwemekobume, apho ukwenza uvavanyo lwezandla kunokuba yindleko kwaye kube neempazamo. Kule post, siza kubonelela ngezixhobo eziluncedo kunye neenkcukacha Inyathelo nenyathelo indlela yokuphumeza i-automation yesicelo, ukubonelela ngemizekelo ephathekayo ukukunceda uqonde kwaye usebenzise ezi ngcamango ngempumelelo.

2. Yintoni i-automation yesicelo kwaye kutheni ibalulekile?

Ukuzenzekela kwesicelo kubhekisa kusetyenziso lwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nesoftware ukwenza imisebenzi ezenzekelayo kwisicelo. Le misebenzi inokubandakanya uvavanyo lwesoftware, uvavanyo lokusebenza, ukuhanjiswa kwesicelo, phakathi kwabanye.

I-automation yesicelo ibalulekile kuba igcina ixesha kunye nomgudu ngokuphelisa isidingo sokwenza imisebenzi ephindaphindiweyo ngesandla. Ukongeza, inceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nomgangatho wezicelo, kuba iimvavanyo zinokwenziwa ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo ukuchonga nokusombulula iingxaki ezinokuthi zibekho.

Kukho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule bokwenza ngokuzenzekelayo izicelo, ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwezicwangciso zokuvavanya ezifana ne-Selenium, evumela ukulinganisa ukusebenzisana kwisicelo sewebhu ukwenza iimvavanyo ezisebenzayo. Ungasebenzisa kwakhona izixhobo zokuthunyelwa ngokuzenzekelayo, ezifana neJenkins, ekuvumela ukuba uvelise ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye usebenzise isicelo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso. Ekugqibeleni, kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuba i-automation yesicelo ayikhawulelwanga kuphela kuphuhliso lwesoftware, kodwa inokusetyenziswa nakwezinye iindawo ezifana nokugcinwa kweziseko zophuhliso kunye nolawulo.

3. Ezona lwimi zisetyenzisiweyo zokucwangcisa kwi-automation yesicelo

Uphuhliso lwesicelo kunye nokuzenzekelayo kufuna ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezithile zokucwangcisa. Nangona kukho iilwimi ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo, ezinye zibalasele ekuthandeni kwazo kunye nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwizicelo ezizenzekelayo. Apha ngezantsi zezinye zezona lwimi zisetyenziswayo kwinkqubo kule ndawo.

1. IPython: Lolona lwimi ludumileyo kwi-automation yesicelo ngenxa yokulula kunye nokuguquguquka kwayo. I-Python inikezela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwamathala eencwadi kunye neemodyuli ezenza kube lula ukuphuhlisa nokwenza imisebenzi. Ukongeza, i-syntax yayo ecacileyo nefundekayo iyenza ibe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kwabo batsha kwinkqubo.

2. IJavaScript: Olu lwimi lusetyenziswa zombini kuphuhliso lwewebhu njengakwi-automation yesicelo. Iluncedo ngakumbi kwimisebenzi enxulumene nonxibelelwano kunye nokukhohlisa izinto kwiphepha lewebhu. Ukwamkelwa kwayo ngokubanzi kunye nenkxaso yezakhelo ezinje ngeSelenium kuyenza ibe lukhetho oludumileyo lovavanyo oluzenzekelayo.

4. Iimpawu eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha uLwimi lweNkqubo yokuSebenza okuzenzekelayo

Xa ukhetha ulwimi lwenkqubo ye-automation yesicelo, kukho iimpawu ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka siziqwalasele. Ezi mpawu zinokumisela impumelelo, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokulula ukusetyenziswa kolwimi olukhethiweyo. Ngezantsi siza kugxininisa imiba ephambili ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo:

• Isintaksi kunye nokufundeka: Kubalulekile ukuba ulwimi locwangciso lube nesivakalisi esicacileyo nesifundekayo. Oku kuya kuququzelela ukuqonda ikhowudi kunye nokuvumela ukusebenza kakuhle ngakumbi ekuphuhliseni nasekugcinweni kwezicelo ezizenzekelayo.
• Inkxaso yeThala leeNcwadi: Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwimi olukhethiweyo lunoluhlu olubanzi lwamathala eencwadi kunye nesakhelo esifumanekayo sosetyenziso oluzenzekelayo. La mathala eencwadi aya kuququzelela uphuhliso lwemisebenzi eyimfuneko kwaye onge ixesha lokuphumeza izisombululo.
• Ukuhambelana namaqonga kunye nobuchwepheshe: Kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukuba ngaba ulwimi lwenkqubo luyahambelana namaqonga kunye nobuchwepheshe apho izicelo ezizenzekelayo ziya kuphuhliswa. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba ukuzenzekelayo kunokwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ngaphandle kwezithintelo.

Ukongeza kwezi mpawu zibalulekileyo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukusebenza, uluntu lwabaphuhlisi, kunye namaxwebhu akhoyo olwimi lweprogram. Intsebenzo iya kuqinisekisa isantya kunye nempumelelo ekuya kwenziwa ngayo imisebenzi ezenzekelayo. Uluntu oluphuhlisayo kunye nesixa samaxwebhu akhoyo siya kuba luncedo ekusombululeni imiba kunye nokufumana uncedo xa lufuneka.

Isishwankathelo, xa ukhetha ulwimi lwenkqubo ye-automation yesicelo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela i-syntax kunye nokufundeka, inkxaso yethala leencwadi, ukuhambelana namaqonga kunye nobuchwepheshe, kunye nokusebenza, uluntu lwabaphuhlisi, kunye namaxwebhu akhoyo. Le miba iya kunceda ukuqinisekisa impumelelo kunye nokusebenza kwe-automation kuphuhliso lwesicelo.

5. Iilwimi ezidumileyo zokuzenzela usetyenziso kwindawo yewebhu

Kukho iilwimi ezininzi zokucwangcisa ezidumileyo kusetyenziso oluzenzekelayo kwindawo yewebhu. Ezi lwimi zibonelela ngezixhobo eziyimfuneko zokunxibelelana nezinto zephepha lewebhu, ukwenza uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo, kunye nokwenza imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo. indlela esebenzayo.

Olunye lweelwimi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-automation yewebhu I-Python. Inoluhlu olubanzi lwamathala eencwadi kunye nezicwangciso ezenza kube lula ukwenza izicelo kunye nezikripthi zokuzenzekelayo imisebenzi. Phakathi kwamathala eencwadi adumileyo Selenium webdriver y Isobho Esihle, ekuvumela ukuba usebenzisane nezinto zewebhu, ukhuphe ulwazi kumaphepha kwaye wenze iimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo ngendlela elula.

Olunye ulwimi oluthandwa kakhulu kule ndawo iJavaScript. Ngoncedo lwezakhelo ezifana Puppeteer y WebDriverIO, ungenza ngokulula iimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo, ukulinganisa iziganeko zabasebenzisi, kunye nokukhohlisa izinto zewebhu. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokwamkelwa okubanzi kuphuhliso lwewebhu, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane inani elikhulu lezixhobo, izifundo kunye nemizekelo yokufunda nokusebenzisa i-automation yewebhu ngeJavaScript.

6. Iilwimi ezikhethekileyo zokucwangcisa usetyenziso lwedesktop oluzenzekelayo

Ukuzenzekela izicelo zedesktop ngumsebenzi oqhelekileyo kwimibutho emininzi. Kukho iilwimi ezininzi zokucwangcisa ezisetyenziselwa ukuququzelela le nkqubo. Apha ngezantsi zezinye zezona lwimi zidumileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo kwidesktop ezenzekelayo.

IPython: Yenye yezona lwimi zisetyenziswayo ukwenza usetyenziso lwedesktop. Ukuthandwa kwayo kungenxa ye-syntax yayo elula kunye neseti ebanzi yamathala eencwadi akhoyo. I-Python inikezela ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemodyuli ezenza kube lula ukusebenzisana nojongano lomsebenzisi wegraphical (GUIs) kunye nokwenza imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo kwizicelo zedesktop.

AutoIt: lulwimi olushicilelweyo oluyilelwe ngokukodwa usetyenziso lweWindows oluzenzekelayo. Olu lwimi lukuvumela ukuba ulinganise unxibelelwano lomsebenzisi kunye nesicelo sedesktop, uzenzele imisebenzi enje ngokucofa amaqhosha, ukuchwetheza okubhaliweyo, ukuhambisa imouse, kunye nokuthatha ulwazi oluvela kwikhusi. I-AutoIt ikwabonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi kunye namathala eencwadi enza kube lula ukwenza usetyenziso lwedesktop.

7. Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo zokusebenzisa iilwimi eziqhelekileyo ngokuchasene neelwimi ezithile kusetyenziso oluzenzekelayo

Ukhetho phakathi kokusebenzisa iilwimi eziqhelekileyo okanye iilwimi ezithile kusetyenziso oluzenzekelayo lubandakanya iingenelo kunye nokungalungi oko kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Ngezantsi kukho ezinye izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele ukwenza isigqibo esinolwazi.

Izinto eziluncedo zokusebenzisa iilwimi eziqhelekileyo:

• Ukuguquguquka: Iilwimi eziqhelekileyo, ezifana nePython okanye iJava, zinika uluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi kunye namathala eencwadi avumela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-automation yesicelo ukuba ibhekiswe.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kolwazi: Ukuba sele unamava angaphambili ngolwimi oluqhelekileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise olo lwazi ukulisebenzisa kwi-automation yesicelo, enokukhawuleza inkqubo yophuhliso.
• Uluntu olusebenzayo: Iilwimi ngokubanzi zihlala zinoluntu olukhulu lwabaphuhlisi, okuthetha ukufikelela ngokubanzi kwizixhobo, izifundo kunye neeforamu apho imibuzo okanye iingxaki zinokusonjululwa.

Ububi bokusebenzisa iilwimi eziqhelekileyo:

• Ithuba lokufunda ixesha elide: Njengoko zizilwimi eziqhelekileyo, zinokufuna ixesha kunye nomgudu ongakumbi ukuze uqhelane nesintaksi kunye neempawu zazo, ngakumbi ukuba ungumntu oqalayo kudweliso lwenkqubo.
• Ubungcali obunganeno: Iilwimi ngokubanzi azenzelwanga ngokukodwa usetyenziso oluzenzekelayo, olunokubangela izisombululo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezingalungiswanga kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neelwimi ezithile.
• Ubunzima obukhulu: Ngenxa yokuba zigubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi, iilwimi eziqhelekileyo zinokuntsonkotha ngakumbi xa zithelekiswa neelwimi ezithile, ezinokuthetha ixesha elide lophuhliso okanye umngcipheko omkhulu weempazamo.

8. Iingqwalasela ezongezelelweyo Xa ukhetha uLwimi lweNkqubo yokuSebenza okuzenzekelayo

Xa ukhetha ulwimi lwenkqubo ye-automation yesicelo, kukho ezinye izinto ezongezelelweyo ekufuneka sizithathele ingqalelo ukuze siqinisekise impumelelo yeprojekthi. Ezi ngqwalasela zidlulela ngaphaya kweempawu kunye nokusebenza kolwimi ngokwalo, kwaye zinokuba nefuthe elibonakalayo ekusebenzeni kunye nokusebenza kwe-automation.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela uluntu lomphuhlisi kunye nokufumaneka kwemithombo yenkxaso yolwimi lwakho lwenkqubo olukhethiweyo. Uluntu olusebenzayo nolubandakanyekayo lunokubonelela ngezibonelelo ezixabisekileyo ngendlela yokufundisa, iiforam zengxoxo, kunye namathala eencwadi avulelekileyo. Oku kunokukhawulezisa inkqubo yokufunda, ukunceda ukuxazulula iingxaki, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wekhowudi eyenziwe.

Olunye uqwalaselo oluphambili kukuvavanya ukukhululeka kokuhlanganiswa kolwimi lwenkqubo kunye nezinye izixhobo kunye nobuchwepheshe. I-automation yesicelo ihlala ibandakanya ukusebenzisana kunye neenkqubo ezikhoyo, ezifana nedathabhesi, iiseva zewebhu, kunye nee-API zeqela lesithathu. Ulwimi olunoluhlu olubanzi lwamathala eencwadi kunye nenkxaso yemigangatho yoshishino luya kuququzelela ukudityaniswa kwala macandelo kunye nokuvumela ukuhamba komsebenzi ngokufanelekileyo.

9. Ungalukhetha njani olona lwimi lulungileyo lwenkqubo yeprojekthi yakho yokuzenzekela yesicelo

Xa ukhetha ulwimi lwenkqubo yeprojekthi yakho ye-automation yesicelo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela izinto ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kunye nempumelelo yeprojekthi yakho. Nanga amanye amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukuze wenze isigqibo esinolwazi:

1. Identifica tus requerimientos: Ngaphambi kokukhetha ulwimi lwenkqubo, kubalulekile ukuqonda iimfuno ezithile zeprojekthi yakho. Qwalasela imiba efana nokuntsonkotha kwemisebenzi ekufuneka izenzekele, ukuhambelana nezicelo ezikhoyo kunye nezibonelelo ezikhoyo. Ukwenza uluhlu oluneenkcukacha lweemfuno zakho kuya kukunceda uvavanye ukuba loluphi ulwimi olufanelekileyo.

2. Phanda ngeendlela ezikhoyo: Okwangoku, kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeelwimi zokucwangcisa ezisetyenziswa kwi-automation yesicelo. Phanda nganye kuzo, funda amaxwebhu kwaye uphonononge izifundo zokufundisa ukuqonda amandla kunye nobuthathaka bolwimi ngalunye. Ezinye ezidumileyo yiPython, Java, C #, Ruby, kunye neJavaScript. Thelekisa iimpawu kwaye uqwalasele ukuba kukho naziphi na izixhobo ezithile okanye amathala eencwadi ozidingayo kwiprojekthi yakho.

3. Uvavanyo kunye neprototyping: Phambi kokuzibophelela kulwimi lwenkqubo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wenze iimvavanyo kunye neeprototypes usebenzisa iinketho ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba uvavanye ngokulula ukusetyenziswa, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuhambelana kolwimi ngalunye kunye neprojekthi yakho. Ngeli nqanaba, unokukhangela imizekelo yeeprojekthi ezifanayo kwaye ufunde ukuba zasonjululwa njani usebenzisa iilwimi ezahlukeneyo. Nje ukuba uzame kwaye uthelekise iindlela ezininzi onokukhetha kuzo, uya kuba kwindawo engcono yokukhetha ulwimi oluzifaneleyo iimfuno zakho.

10. Imizekelo yeemeko zokusetyenziswa kunye nokuzivocavoca okusebenzayo kunye neelwimi zeprogram kwi-automation yesicelo

Kukho iimeko ezininzi zokusetyenziswa kunye nokuzivocavoca okusebenzayo apho iilwimi zokucwangcisa zinokusetyenziselwa usetyenziso oluzenzekelayo. Apha ngezantsi kukho imizekelo emi-3 ebonisa indlela iilwimi zokuprograma ezinokusetyenziswa ngayo kusetyenziso oluzenzekelayo ngokufanelekileyo.

1. Uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo: Iilwimi zokucwangcisa zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwindawo yovavanyo lwesoftware. Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezinje ngeSelenium WebDriver, kunokwenzeka ukuba ubhale izikripthi ngeelwimi ezinjengePython, Java okanye C # ukulinganisa izenzo zomsebenzisi kwisicelo sewebhu. Oku kuvumela uvavanyo ukuba lwenziwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukuphepha iimpazamo zabantu kunye nokugcina ixesha. Izikripthi zinokubandakanya izenzo ezinjengokucofa izinto, ukuzalisa iifomu, ukujonga iziphumo, kunye nokubamba iimpazamo.

2. Ukutsalwa kwedatha: Iilwimi zokuCwangcisa zikwaluncedo ekutsalweni kwedatha ngokuzenzekelayo kwizicelo nakumaphepha ewebhu. Ukusebenzisa iilayibrari ezifana ne-BeautifulSoup kwiPython, kunokwenzeka ukuba ubhale ikhowudi ukuhamba ngesakhiwo se-HTML sephepha kwaye ukhuphe ulwazi olufunwayo. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwimisebenzi efana nokukrala kwedatha. iiwebhusayithi, ukudala iingxelo ezizenzekelayo okanye ukufumana izibalo zokusetyenziswa kwesicelo. Ikhowudi inokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ukuze ilingane neemeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno ezithile.

3. Ukudityaniswa kweenkqubo: Iilwimi zokucwangcisa zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuzenzeleni udibaniso phakathi iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo okanye iinkonzo. Umzekelo, ngokusetyenziswa kwee-APIs (i-Application Programming Interfaces), izikripthi zinokuphuhliswa kwiilwimi ezinje ngeJavaScript okanye i-PHP ukunxibelelana neenkonzo zewebhu kunye nokwenza imisebenzi efana nolungelelwaniso lwedatha phakathi kwezicelo, ukuveliswa kweengxelo ezidityanisiweyo okanye okuzenzekelayo. ukuthunyelwa kwezaziso. Oku kulungelelanisa iinkqubo kunye nokunciphisa imfuno yokungenelela ngesandla, ukuvumela ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wephutha lomntu.

Isishwankathelo, iilwimi zokucwangcisa zibonelela ngeendlela ezininzi ezinokwenzeka zosetyenziso oluzenzekelayo. Ingaba kuvavanyo lwesoftware, ukukhutshwa kwedatha okanye ukuhlanganiswa kweenkqubo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kukuvumela ukuba uphucule ukusebenza kakuhle, ukunciphisa iimpazamo kwaye ugcine ixesha ekuphuhlisweni kwesicelo kunye nokugcinwa.

11. Iindlela zexesha elizayo kwiilwimi zokucwangcisa usetyenziso oluzenzekelayo

I-automation yesicelo yinto eqhubekayo evelayo emhlabeni yenkqubo. Njengoko usetyenziso olungakumbi kunye neenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ziphuhliswa, kubalulekile ukuba neelwimi zenkqubo ezikuvumela ukuba uzenzele kwaye wenze lula imisebenzi eyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwayo. Ngale ndlela, kukho iindlela ezininzi zexesha elizayo ezivelayo njengezona zifanelekileyo kwicandelo lesicelo esizenzekelayo.

Enye yeendlela eziphawulekayo kukusetyenziswa kweelwimi eziphezulu zokucwangcisa. Ezi lwimi ziphawulwa nge-syntax yazo enembile kunye nokuqonda okulula, okuzenza zibe zizixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokusebenzisa usetyenziso oluzenzekelayo. Ngaphezu koko, bayakwazi ukunxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo ngamaqonga ahlukeneyo kunye iinkqubo zokusebenza. Imizekelo yezi lwimi ibandakanya iPython, iRuby, kunye neJavaScript, ezibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwamathala eencwadi kunye nezixhobo zosetyenziso oluzenzekelayo.

Omnye umkhwa obalulekileyo kukwamkelwa kwesikhokelo kunye namathala eencwadi akhethekileyo kwi-automation yesicelo. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngesethi yemisebenzi echazwe kwangaphambili kunye neendlela eziququzelela inkqubo yokuzenzekelayo. Eminye imizekelo Ezidumileyo ziquka i-Selenium WebDriver, ekuvumela ukuba wenze ngokuzenzekelayo izenzo kwiziphequluli zewebhu, kunye ne-Appium, eyenzelwe ukuzenzekelayo iimvavanyo kwizicelo zeselula. Ezi zicwangciso zenza lula uphuhliso kwaye ziqinisekise ukuthembeka kunye nokuchaneka kovavanyo kunye nemisebenzi yokuzenzekelayo.

12. Izixhobo eziluncedo kunye nezixhobo zokufunda kunye nokuziqhelanisa neelwimi zenkqubo kwi-automation yesicelo

Xa usetyenziso oluzenzekelayo, kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi oluqinileyo lweelwimi ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa. Ngethamsanqa, kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezikhoyo ezinokukunceda kwinkqubo yakho yokufunda nokuziqhelanisa.

1. Izifundo kunye nezifundo ezikwi-Intanethi: Indlela ebalaseleyo yokufumana ulwazi lwenkqubo kungokufundisa kunye nezifundo ze-intanethi. Amaqonga anje ngeCodecademy, Coursera kunye ne-Udemy abonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezifundo ukusuka kwiziseko zenkqubo ukuya kwizihloko eziphambili. Ezi khosi zihlala zisebenzisana kwaye zikuvumela ukuba usebenzise izakhono zakho njengoko usiya.

2. Iimeko ezidityanisiweyo zophuhliso (ii-IDE): Ii-IDE zizixhobo ezibonelela ngendawo epheleleyo yokucwangcisa, ukulungisa iimpazamo kunye nokuqhuba izicelo. Ezinye ii-IDE ezidumileyo zosetyenziso oluzenzekelayo ziquka i-Eclipse, Ikhowudi yeStudio ebonakalayo kunye nePyCharm. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngeempawu ezifana nokuqaqambisa i-syntax, ukugqibezela ngokuzenzekelayo kwekhowudi, kunye nokulungiswa kweempazamo, okwenza inkqubo yenkqubo ibe lula kakhulu.

3. Ikhowudi yokugcina: Ukuphonononga ikhowudi yokugcina njengeGitHub ikuvumela ukuba ufikelele kwiiprojekthi zomthombo ovulekileyo apho unokujonga kwaye ufunde ikhowudi yemvelaphi yezicelo esele ziphuhlisiwe. Oku akukuniki nje amathuba okufunda, kodwa nethuba lokusebenzisana nabanye abaphuhlisi kwiiprojekthi ezidibeneyo.

Isishwankathelo, kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezikhoyo zokufunda kunye nokuziqhelanisa neelwimi zenkqubo kwi-automation yesicelo. Izifundo ezikwi-Intanethi, ii-IDE, kunye nogcino lwekhowudi yimizekelo nje embalwa yeenketho ezikhoyo. Jonga iinketho ezahlukeneyo kwaye ukhethe ezo zilungele iimfuno zakho kunye nezinto ozikhethayo. Ungathandabuzi ukuntywila kwihlabathi lenkqubo kwaye uphucule izakhono zakho zokuzisebenzela!

13. IiNgcebiso eziNgcono kunye neeNgcebiso zeSicelo sokuSebenza ngokuzenzekela kweNkqubo

1. Sebenzisa isakhelo esizenzekelayo: Indlela efanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kweprogram yokuzenzekelayo kukusebenzisa isakhelo esibonelela ngesakhiwo esichazwe kwangaphambili kunye nezixhobo. Xa ukhetha isakhelo, qiniseka ukuba unoluntu olusebenzayo lwabaphuhlisi kunye namaxwebhu abanzi. Eminye imizekelo edumileyo ibandakanya iSelenium, iAppium, kunye nePuppeteer.
2. Yenza iimeko zovavanyo: Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukuzenzela inkqubo, kubalulekile ukwenza iimeko zovavanyo ukugubungela zonke iimeko ezinokubakho. Ezi meko zovavanyo ziya kusebenza njengesikhokelo sokuphunyezwa kwe-automation. Qinisekisa ukuba ubandakanya zombini iimeko zovavanyo ezithi u-positive kunye ne-negative.
3. Sebenzisa ubuchule bokulungisa: Ukucwangcisa okuzenzekelayo kunokuba nzima, ngakumbi xa kuziwa ekusebenzisaneni nezinto zojongano lomsebenzisi. Ukwenza kube lula ukulungisa iingxaki, sebenzisa ubuchule obunjengokufaka iifoto-skrini kunye nemiyalezo yelog yoshicilelo kwiindawo eziphambili kwikhowudi. Oku kuya kukunceda uchonge kwaye usombulule iingxaki Ngesantya.

1. Landela imigaqo yoyilo oluzenzekelayo: Xa usetyenziso lwenkqubo luzenzekelayo, kubalulekile ukulandela imigaqo yoyilo oluzenzekelayo olufana nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwekhowudi kunye nemodyuli. Ukusebenzisa kwakhona amaqhekeza ekhowudi ebekade ephunyeziwe endaweni yokuyila izisombululo ukusuka ekuqaleni kunokonga ixesha kunye nomzamo. Ukongeza, ukwaphula ikhowudi kwiimodyuli ezincinci, ezilawulekayo ziya kwenza ukugcinwa kunye nokulinganisa kube lula.
2. Realizar pruebas regulares: Njengoko uqhubela phambili nokucwangcisa i-automation yakho, qiniseka ukuba uqhuba iimvavanyo rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into isebenza njengoko kulindelekile. Oku kubandakanya ukuqhuba iimeko zovavanyo kunye nokuqinisekisa iziphumo. Ukuba kukho into engasebenzi njengoko bekulindelekile, sebenzisa iindlela zokulungisa ezikhankanywe ngasentla ukuchonga ngokukhawuleza kwaye ulungise iingxaki.
3. Hlaziya kwaye ugcine i-automation: Njengoko isicelo kunye neemfuno zaso ziguquka, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya nokugcina i-automation ukuze ihlale ifanelekile kwaye isebenza. Oku kubandakanya ukwenza utshintsho kwiimeko zokuvavanya, ukuhlaziya abakhethi bezinto ze-UI, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba i-automation iyahambelana neenguqulelo ezintsha zesicelo kunye neziphequluli zewebhu.

1. Aprender de la comunidad: Ukwenziwa kwenkqubo ye-automation yesicelo yintsimi ehlala ivela, kwaye kuhlala kukho iindlela ezintsha kunye nezixhobo zokufunda. Joyina uluntu olukwi-intanethi, thatha inxaxheba kwiiforam, kwaye ufunde iiblogi ezivela kwiingcali kulo msebenzi. Oku kuya kukunceda ugcine izakhono zakho zisexesheni kwaye uthathe ithuba lolwazi kunye namava ekwabelwana ngawo ngamanye amagcisa.
2. Ukuziqhelanisa kunye novavanyo: Ukuziqhelanisa kwenza ukuba kugqibelele, kwaye oku kusebenza kwiprogramu ezenzekelayo ngokunjalo. Chitha ixesha uqhelisela izakhono zakho kwaye uzame ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo. Amava asebenzayo aya kukunceda uphuhlise ukuqonda okunzulu kweekhonsepthi kwaye ube ngcono ekusombululeni iingxaki.

14. Izigqibo kunye nesishwankathelo seelwimi zeprogram ezisetyenziswa kwi-automation yesicelo

Kweli nqaku, sihlolisise iilwimi ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa ezisetyenziswa kwi-automation yesicelo. Nganye kwezi lwimi zineempawu zayo kunye neenzuzo, kwaye kubalulekile ukuziqonda ukuze ukhethe eyona ifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zethu.

Hemos visto que I-Python Le yenye yezona lwimi zidumileyo neziguquguqukayo zosetyenziso oluzenzekelayo. I-syntax yayo ecacileyo nelula, uluntu olubanzi, kunye nokufumaneka kwethala leencwadi kwenza kube lukhetho oluluqilima kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi ezenzekelayo.

Siye saxoxa nokusetyenziswa kwe iJavaScript kwi-automation yezicelo zewebhu. Ikhono layo lokusebenzisana kunye neempawu zephepha kunye nokwenza izenzo eziguqukayo zenza ukuba kube yinto enamandla yolu hlobo lokuzenzekelayo. Ngaphezu koko, sibonile ukuba njani I-Selenium Sisixhobo esiphambili kwi-automating web applications usebenzisa iJavaScript.

Isishwankathelo, i-automation yesicelo yindawo ehlala iguquka efuna ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zeprojekthi, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha zingasetyenziswa, njengePython, Java, kunye neC #, phakathi kwabanye.

I-Python isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokulula kwayo, ukuguquguquka, kunye nenani elikhulu lamathala eencwadi okwenza kube lula ukwenza izicelo ngokuzenzekelayo. Ilungele imisebenzi yokubhala kunye novavanyo lojongano lomsebenzisi.

IJava, ngokwenxalenye yayo, lulwimi olunamandla nolunokwanda. esetyenzisiweyo ngokubanzi kuphuhliso lwesicelo seshishini kunye novavanyo oluzenzekelayo. Ukujongwa kwayo kwento kunye nokusebenzisana kwenza ukuba ibe lukhetho oludumileyo lwe-automation kwiindawo ezinzima.

C # lolunye ulwimi oluguquguqukayo nolunamandla olusetyenziswa kwi-automation yesicelo, ngakumbi xa usebenza neqonga le-NET. Ukudityaniswa kwayo kunye ne-Visual Studio kunye noluntu olukhulu lomphuhlisi luyenza ibe lukhetho oluqinileyo kwezi ntlobo zemisebenzi.

Ukongeza kwezi lwimi, kukho ezinye iindlela ezininzi ezihambelana neemfuno kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo. Ekupheleni kosuku, ukhetho lolwimi lweprogram luya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezifana nohlobo lwesicelo, izakhono zeqela lophuhliso, kunye neenjongo ezithile zeprojekthi.

Ngamafutshane, i-automation yesicelo inokwenziwa lula kwaye iphuculwe ngokubonga kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa ezikhoyo. Ukukhetha ulwimi oluchanekileyo kunokwenza wonke umehluko ekusebenzeni kunye nempumelelo yeprojekthi yokuzenzekelayo.