Zinjani iiTarahumaras?

I-Tarahumaras, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiRarámuris, lelinye lawona maqela emveli anomdla kwaye antsokothileyo eMexico. Ngembali etyebileyo kunye nenkcubeko esekelwe kwisithethe, iTarahumara ibambe umdla weengcali kunye nabathakazeleli bezifundo ezahlukeneyo. Kweli nqaku siza kuphonononga ngokucokisekileyo ukuba iTarahumara injani ngokwembono yezobugcisa, siqhekeza imiba ephambili yobomi babo, i-anatomy, kunye nobuchule obukhethekileyo obahlulayo. Iya kuba luhambo olukhanyisela kakhulu kwabo banomdla wokufunda ngakumbi malunga nolu luntu lubalaseleyo lwemveli. Zilungiselele ukufumana yonke into ngasemva kwelizwe elinomdla leTarahumaras!

1. Intshayelelo: Iprofayili yeTarahumaras

I-Tarahumaras, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiRarámuris, sisizwe saseMexico esihlala ikakhulu eSierra Tarahumara, ekwilizwe laseChihuahua. Eli qela lemveli liphawulwa yindlela yalo yokuphila yemveli kunye nesakhono somzimba esibalaseleyo, ngakumbi kwibala lokunyamezela iimbaleki. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, baye baphuhlisa inkcubeko ekhethekileyo kwaye bagcina uninzi lwezithethe zabo zakudala.

Iprofayili yeTarahumaras igqamile kunxibelelwano lwabo olusondeleyo nendalo kunye nendlela yabo yokuphila yokuziphilisa. Ukutya kwabo kusekelwe kukutya kwemvelo okunjengombona, iimbotyi, ipepile kunye neziqhamo zasendle, ezibanika izondlo eziyimfuneko ukuze bamelane nendlela yokuphila enzima. Ngaphaya koko, ukukwazi kwabo ukubaleka imigama emide ngesantya esiphezulu kuyamangalisa kwaye kuye kwaba ngumxholo wokufunda kwinkalo yophando lwezemidlalo.

Impahla yemveli yeTarahumara ibonisa amaxabiso enkcubeko kunye nobudlelwane babo kunye nendalo esingqongileyo. Amabhinqa adla ngokunxiba iziketi ezinemibala eqaqambileyo, iiblawu ezilukiweyo neetshawuli, ngoxa amadoda enxiba iibhulukhwe neehempe eziqhelekileyo. Esinye sezona zinto zihluke kakhulu kwiimpahla zabo zi-huaraches, iimbadada ezenziwe ngezandla kunye neentambo zesikhumba kunye nemitya evumela ukuba baqhube imigama emide ngokukhululekileyo nangokufanelekileyo. Ezi zambatho zendabuko zigxininisa ukubaluleka kokuba iTarahumaras inike ubuni babo benkcubeko. Isishwankathelo, iprofayili yeTarahumara yinkqubo yokunxibelelana kwabo nendalo, indlela yabo yokuphila esebenzayo kunye nezithethe zabo ezisekelwe kwinkcubeko yaseMexico.

2. Izithethe kunye nenkcubeko yeTarahumaras

Kweli candelo siza kuphonononga umdla , uluntu lwemveli oluhlala ikakhulu eSierra Madre Occidental yaseMexico. IiTarahumara zamkelwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo yokuphila kunye nokunxibelelana nendalo. Esinye sezona zithethe ziphawulekayo zeTarahumaras kukukwazi ukubaleka imigama emide, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "rarámuri". Olu qheliselo lweminyanya luye lwadluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana kwaye lushiye uphawu kwinkcubeko yabo.

Enye yezona zinto ziphawulekayo kwesi siko yindlela iTarahumara eqhuba ngayo engenanto okanye kwiimbadada ezinqabileyo ezenziwe ngesikhumba kunye nerabha. Ezi mbaleki ziyakwazi ukugubungela umgama ofikelela kwiikhilomitha ezingama-200 ngaphandle kokudinwa, ngenxa yoqeqesho lwabo oluqhubekayo kunye nokunxibelelana kwabo okunzulu nendalo. Ukongezelela, iiTarahumaras zinika imbeko kwizinyanya zazo ngemidaniso yemveli, apho zibonisa ukuzinikela nombulelo wazo ngomhlaba nobutyebi bawo bendalo.

Inkcubeko yeTarahumaras nayo ibonakala kubuchule babo ukudala imisebenzi yezandla emangalisayo. Umsebenzi wakhe ngamaplanga, iiseramikhi, ukuluka kunye nebhasikithi wamkelwa kulo lonke ilizwe kwaye phesheya. Isiqwenga ngasinye sobugcisa sibalisa ibali kwaye sibonise ubuchule kunye nobuchule benkcubeko yalo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuba i-Tarahumaras inentlonelo enzulu kwindalo kunye nokulinganisela phakathi komntu kunye nendalo. okusingqongileyo, ebonakala kwindlela yabo yokuphila kunye nembono yabo yehlabathi.

3. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo zeTarahumaras

I-Tarahumara iyaziwa ngokuba neempawu ezibonakalayo ezahlukileyo ezizohlula kwezinye iintlanga. Enye yezona zinto ziphawuleka kakhulu kubude bazo, kuba zimfutshane ngokubanzi, kunye nomyinge ojikeleze i-1,50 yeemitha. Ukongeza, ulwakhiwo lwakhe luncinci kodwa luyimbaleki, ngenxa yendlela yakhe yokuphila esebenzayo esekwe ekubalekeni umgama omde. Lo mba, udityaniswe nokunyamezela kwabo okungaqhelekanga, kubenza babe lelinye lawona maqela abalaseleyo esintu ngokwemidlalo.

Umbala wesikhumba weTarahumara uyahluka ukusuka ekukhanyeni ukuya kwiithoni ezimnyama, kuxhomekeke kwindawo abahlala kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, mamaxesha amaninzi Zidla ngokuba nethoni emdaka okhanyayo ngenxa yokuhlala zibekwe elangeni. Ukongeza, zineempawu zobuso, ezinje ngomnyama, amehlo athe tyaba, amashiya anentshinyela, neempumlo ezithe tye. Ngokuphathelele iinwele zabo, zithe tye kwaye zimnyama, nangona ezinye iiTarahumaras zizinxiba zimfutshane ngelixa abanye bezinxiba zinde kwaye zikhululekile.

Olunye uphawu olwahlukileyo lomzimba weTarahumaras ziinyawo zabo. Ngenxa yendlela abaphila ngayo yokuzulazula kunye nokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwezihlangu ezincinci, iinyawo zabo zihlala zibanzi kwaye zomelele. Oku kubanika uzinzo olukhulu kunye nokuxhathisa xa bebaleka kumhlaba onzima kunye namathambeka. Ukongezelela, kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana, baye baphuhlisa indlela ekhethekileyo yokubaleka evumela ukuba bahambe ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ukunciphisa impembelelo ezinyaweni zabo kunye namalungu. Ngamafutshane, iTarahumara igqamile ngenxa yobude bayo obufutshane, ibhityile kodwa yezemidlalo, umbala wolusu olwahlukeneyo, iimpawu zobuso, kunye neenyawo ezomeleleyo, ezibanzi. []

4. Ukutya njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi beTarahumara

Ukutya yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi beTarahumara, njengoko idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni kwabo impilo kunye nokuphila kakuhle. Ukutya kwendabuko kweTarahumara kusekelwe kwindalo, ukutya okutsha kunye nokutya okunesondlo, okulungiselelwe indawo yabo kunye nendlela yokuphila. Ukutya okusisiseko kokutya kwabo ngumbona, iimbotyi, imifuno kunye neziqhamo.

Umbona yeyona nto iphambili ekutyeni kweTarahumara. I-Tarahumara ikhulisa umbona wayo kwaye iwutye ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-tortillas, i-tamales, kunye ne-atole. Ukongeza kumbona, iimbotyi zikwangumthombo obalulekileyo weprotheyini ekutyeni kwakho. I-Tarahumara ikhulisa iindidi ngeendidi zeembotyi kwaye izilungiselela kwizitya ezahlukeneyo, njengesuphu kunye nesityu.

Ukutya kwe-Tarahumara kubonakaliswe ngokuphantsi kweoli egcweleyo kunye ne-fiber ephezulu. I-Tarahumaras ifumana uninzi lwamafutha abo kwimithombo yendalo, efana ne-avocado kunye namantongomane, nawo ayinxalenye yokutya kwabo kwemihla ngemihla. Ukongeza, batya iintlobo ngeentlobo zemifuno kunye neziqhamo ezitsha, ezibanika isixa esikhulu seevithamini kunye neeminerali eziyimfuneko kwimpilo yabo nakubomi babo.

5. Imikhwa enempilo yokuphila: IiTarahumaras zihlala njani zimile?

I-Tarahumaras luluntu lwemveli oluphawulwa ngokuqina komzimba okuchukumisayo kunye nokuchasana kwabo kwibala lezemidlalo. Uninzi loku kungenxa yendlela yokuphila esempilweni, ebavumela ukuba bahlale bemile kwaye banandiphe impilo entle. Ngezantsi, siza kukhankanya ezinye zeendlela eziphambili ezenziwa yiTarahumara ukuze ihlale imile.

Eyokuqala yendlela yokuphila enempilo yeTarahumaras kukutya kwabo. Isiseko sokutya kwabo kukutya kwendalo kunye nokutya okutsha, ikakhulu imifuno, iimbotyi kunye neziqhamo. Oku kutya kubanika izondlo eziyimfuneko ukuze bahlale besempilweni kwaye babe namandla ngexesha lemisebenzi yabo yomzimba. Ukongezelela, i-Tarahumara igwema ukusetyenziswa kokutya okucutshungulwayo okuphezulu kumafutha agcweleyo, okunceda ukugcina ubunzima obaneleyo kunye nokukhusela izifo.

Enye inkalo ebalulekileyo kubomi beTarahumaras yindlela yabo yokuphila esebenzayo. Benza imisebenzi yomzimba yemihla ngemihla, njengokubaleka imigama emide, ukuhamba, nokuba nenxaxheba kwimidyarho yemveli. Le misebenzi ivumela ukuba bagcine imeko ebalaseleyo ye-cardiovascular, ukuqinisa imisipha yabo kwaye bahlale bemilo. Ukongeza, iTarahumara ihlala isenza imisebenzi yayo yemihla ngemihla ngeenyawo, ikakhulu ikuphepha ukusebenzisa iimoto. Oku kubanika umsetyenzana omkhulu wokuzilolonga kwimisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla.

6. Impahla yemveli yeTarahumaras: isimboli kunye nentsingiselo

I-Tarahumaras, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-rarámuris, inempahla yendabuko ebonisa uphawu lwabo olunzulu kunye nentsingiselo yenkcubeko. Impahla yabo ibonisa uxhulumaniso oluthe ngqo kunye nendalo kunye nendlela yabo yokhokho babo. Ngeempahla zabo, iTarahumara idlulisela imiyalezo kunye neempawu ezibhekiselele kubunikazi babo, imbali kunye nehlabathi.

Impahla yendabuko yeTarahumaras iqulethe izambatho ezahlukahlukeneyo ezibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweesarapes, iminqwazi yesundu, i-blouses kunye neengubo ezilayishwe ngentsingiselo. I-serape, umzekelo, ayisebenzisi nje kuphela njengengubo yokufudumala, kodwa kwakhona njengophawu lokukhusela ngokomoya. Imibala kunye noyilo lweserape zimele izinto zendalo, ezifana nelanga, inyanga kunye nemilambo, kwaye zibonisa uxhulumaniso lweTarahumara kunye nendalo yonke.

Ukongeza kwi-sarapes, i-Tarahumara isebenzisa izigqoko zesundu ezinomsebenzi ongaphaya kokukhusela ilanga. Ezi zigqoko zihlotshiswe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana neentsiba, iigobolondo kunye namatye anqabileyo, anentsingiselo ekhethekileyo ngaphakathi kwenkcubeko yabo. Ngokufanayo, iibhulawusi kunye neengubo ezinxitywa ngabasetyhini baseTarahumara zilukwe ngesandla ngemisonto enemibala emele ukuzala kunye nobuninzi bendalo. Ezi zambatho zenziwa ngeendlela zookhokho eziye zadluliselwa kwizizukulwana, ngaloo ndlela ziqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwesithethe sabo senkcubeko. Ngempahla yabo yemveli, iTarahumara igcina isazisi sabo siphila kwaye igcina ilifa labo lenkcubeko elikhethekileyo.

7. Izindlu zemveli kunye nentlangano yentsapho yeTarahumaras

Kwinkcubeko yemveli yamaTarahumaras, indawo yokuhlala idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwindlela elungelelaniswe ngayo intsapho. Amakhaya abo, akhiwe ngendlela yobugcisa, ayilelwe ukuba aqhelane nemekobume yendalo kunye nendlela yokuphila yaba bantu bomthonyama baseMexico. Izindlu zeTarahumara zenziwe ikakhulu ngezinto ezinje nge-adobe, iinkuni kunye nelitye, ezifumaneka ngokuzinzileyo kwimithombo yendalo ekufutshane.

Uphawu olubalulekileyo lwezindlu zeTarahumara zendabuko kuyilo kunye nokusabalalisa. Ezi zindlu zidla ngokuba negumbi elinye elisebenza njengekhitshi, indawo yokuhlanganisana negumbi lokulala. Ukongeza, banesilingi yobuxoki evumela ukujikeleza komoya kwaye inceda ukulawula ubushushu ngaphakathi. Iindonga zihonjiswe ngemizobo yemveli kunye namalaphu amibalabala abonisa inkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko yale dolophu yookhokho.

Umbutho wosapho ngaphakathi kwekhaya kubaluleke kakhulu kwiTarahumaras. Ngokufuthi, izizukulwana eziliqela zentsapho zihlala kunye kwindlu enye, zikhuthaza ukuhlalisana ngokusondeleyo kunye novakalelo olunamandla loluntu. Ilungu ngalinye lentsapho linendima kunye noxanduva oluthile ngaphakathi kwekhaya, olunceda ukugcina ukulingana kunye nesakhiwo ekuhlaliseni imihla ngemihla. Inkcubeko yeTarahumara ikuxabisile ukusebenzisana kunye nentlonipho phakathi kwamalungu osapho, ngaloo ndlela idala imeko yemvisiswano kunye nomanyano.

8. Imibhiyozo ebalulekileyo kunye nemikhosi kwinkcubeko yeTarahumara

Imibhiyozo kunye nemibhiyozo idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkcubeko yeTarahumara, eyaziwa ngokuba yiRarámuri. Le mithendeleko yimizuzu ebaluleke kakhulu kunye nentsingiselo kulo luntu lwemveli, njengoko ibavumela ukuba bagcine kwaye balondoloze izithethe zabo, izithethe kunye neenkolelo zabo.

Omnye weyona mibhiyozo ibalulekileyo yeTarahumaras yi Iveki yePasika, eyaziwa ngokuba “ngusodolophu wesemana”. Ebudeni balo mbhiyozo, kwenziwa amasiko nemisitho eyahlukahlukeneyo yokuzukisa izithixo nookhokho babo. Enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo kwiVeki eNgcwele nguMdaniso weBull, apho amadoda adanisa ngeemaski zomthi kunye neempondo exelisa esi silwanyana sihloniphekileyo.

Omnye umthendeleko obalulekileyo nguRarámuri Iggamé, obhiyozela ukuqala kwexesha lemvula kunye nokutyalwa kwezityalo ezitsha. Ebudeni balo msitho, kwenziwa imidaniso yesintu kwaye kubanjwa nokhuphiswano lokubaleka imigama emide, olwaziwa “njengemidyarho”. Ezi ntlanga ziyintsika esisiseko kwinkcubeko yeTarahumara, kuba zibonisa ukuxhathisa kunye namandla omzimba. Ukongeza, amasiko enziwa ukubulela uMama weNdalo ngokutya kunye nobomi abunikezayo. Ngumzuzu womanyano olukhulu kunye nombhiyozo walo lonke uluntu lwaseTarahumara..

Isishwankathelo, imibhiyozo kunye nemibhiyozo idlala indima ephambili kwinkcubeko yeTarahumara. Ezi ziganeko zivumela uluntu ukuba lugcine kwaye lusasaze izithethe, izithethe kunye neenkolelo zeminyanya. Nokuba kungomdaniso weBull ngeVeki eNgcwele okanye kukhuphiswano lomdyarho eRarámuri Iggamé, Le mithendeleko ibonakalisa ubuni, ukuchasana kunye nokubonga kweTarahumara kwinkcubeko yabo kunye nendalo ebangqongileyo.

9. Umdaniso kunye nomculo njengezinto eziphambili ebomini beTarahumaras

Umdaniso kunye nomculo zizinto eziphambili kubomi beTarahumaras, indawo yokuhlala yaseMexico. Ezi ntetha zobugcisa ziyinxalenye yenkcubeko yabo kwaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimibhiyozo, imibhiyozo kunye nezithethe. Zomibini umdaniso kunye nomculo zibhekwa njengeendlela ezingcwele zonxibelelwano ezidibanisa iTarahumaras kunye nomoya wabo kunye nendalo ebangqongileyo.

Umdaniso weTarahumara wesiNtu unesithethe kwaye uphawuleka ngeentshukumo ezimanzi kunye nezithandekayo. Abadanisi, abanxibe iimpahla ezinemibala kunye neentsiba, benza amanyathelo kunye neentshukumo ezimele ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu nomhlaba. Umculo ohamba nomngqungqo udlalwa ikakhulu ngezixhobo zesintu ezifana negubu nembande yengcongolo.

Kwi-Tarahumaras, umdaniso kunye nomculo akukona nje ukubonakaliswa kobugcisa, kodwa kunye nendlela yokugcina isazisi sabo senkcubeko siphila kwaye sidlulise ulwazi lookhokho ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwisizukulwana. Ngaphaya koko, ezi ntetho zinendima ebalulekileyo kumanyano nomanyano loluntu, ekubeni zisenziwa kwaye zonwatyelwa ngawo onke amalungu, kungakhathaliseki ubudala okanye isini. Ngomdaniso kunye nomculo, iTarahumara ihlonipha izinyanya zabo, yomeleza imvakalelo yabo yokuba ngabathile, kwaye igcina ilifa labo lenkcubeko.

10. Ubugcisa beTarahumara: isiko lookhokho

Ubugcisa beTarahumara sisithethe sokhokho esiye sanyamezela ukutyhubela iinkulungwane kwinkcubeko yaseTarahumara yaseMexico. Ngempahla yabo, iiseramics, iibhaskithi kunye nezinto zokuhombisa, amagcisa eTarahumara abonisa isakhono sabo kunye nokuzinikela ekulondolozeni ilifa lenkcubeko yabo. Ubuchwephesha beTarahumara baziwa ngesitayile sabo esikhethekileyo kunye nobunzima bokuluka kunye nobuchule babo bokukrola.

Ekwenzeni iimpahla, abafazi beTarahumara basebenzisa i-backstrap loom, ubuchule bendabuko obudluliselwe kwisizukulwana ukuya kwesinye. Iipateni kunye noyilo lweengubo zibonisa izinto zendalo kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla yoluntu. Ngaphandle kokuluka, abasetyhini basebenzisa ubuchule bokuhombisa ukuhombisa iimpahla, besebenzisa imisonto yemibala eyahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo ezifana noboya kunye nomqhaphu.

Iiseramikhi zeTarahumara ngomnye umzekelo obalaseleyo wobugcisa bolu luntu. Amagcisa asebenzisa udongwe lwasekhaya kunye nobuchule bokubumba ngesandla ukwenza iziqwenga ezintle ezinjengeembiza kunye nemifanekiso. Ezi ziqwenga zihlala zihonjiswe ngoyilo lwejometri ezimele zombini izinto ezingcwele kunye nemihla ngemihla yenkcubeko yabo. Iiseramikhi zeTarahumara zithathwa njengobugcisa obugcina isithethe kunye nesazisi solu luntu lwemveli luphila.

11. Imfundo kuluntu lwaseTarahumara: imingeni kunye namathuba

Imfundo kuluntu lwaseTarahumara lubonisa uluhlu lwemingeni kunye namathuba afuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokukhawuleza. Ukufikelela kwimfundo esisiseko kolu luntu luthe qelele lujongene nezithintelo ezibalulekileyo ngenxa yeendawo zokuhlala kunye nokunqongophala kwemithombo yobutyebi. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwale mingeni, kukho amathuba okuphucula umgangatho kunye nobubanzi bemfundo kuluntu lwaseTarahumara.

Omnye wemingeni engundoqo ekufuneka yoyiswe kukufikelela okulinganiselweyo ezikolweni. Kwiindawo ezininzi zoluntu lwaseTarahumara, izikolo zimi kude nemizi yabafundi, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuya rhoqo. Ngaphaya koko, ukunqongophala kwezothutho ezaneleyo kunye neemeko ezimbi zejografi kwenza ukufikelela kwimfundo kube nzima ngakumbi. Kubalulekile ukuphuhlisa izicwangciso ezisondeza izikolo kubafundi, ezifana nokusekwa kwezikolo eziziimobhayili okanye ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zemfundo ye-intanethi.

Elinye ithuba eliphambili lokuphucula imfundo kuluntu lwaseTarahumara kukuqinisa uqeqesho lootitshala. Ootitshala abaninzi kulo mmandla bajamelana nobunzima ekuziqhelaniseni neemfuno zemfundo zabafundi baseTarahumara. Kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ngoqeqesho oluthe ngqo kwi-intercultural kunye neelwimi ezimbini zokufundisa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe bezemfundo. Ngaphezulu, ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zotshintshiselwano ngootitshala nentsebenziswano namaziko emfundo angaphandle kunokutyebisa uqeqesho lootitshala nokukhuthaza ukukhutshelwa kolwazi.

12. Ukugcinwa kunye nokuhlonipha indalo: ubudlelwane beTarahumaras kunye nokusingqongileyo

IiTarahumaras ziyaziwa ngentlonipho yazo enzulu kunye nokunxibelelana nendalo. Indlela yabo yokuphila yesiNtu isekelwe ekugcinweni nasekuvisisaneni nendawo yabo yendalo. Kwi-Tarahumaras, indalo ayisiyiyo kuphela isibonelelo sokuxhaphazwa, kodwa ingcwele engcwele ekufuneka ihlalisane nayo ngokulinganayo nangentlonelo.

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, i-Tarahumara iye yaphuhlisa izenzo zemveli kunye nolwazi lokugcina kunye nokunyamekela indawo yabo yendalo. Ezi ndlela zibandakanya ubuchule bezolimo obuzinzileyo, apho basebenzisa iindlela ezifana nokujikeleziswa kwezityalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kobutyebi bendalo ukunciphisa impembelelo kwi-ecosystem.

Ngapha koko, iiTarahumaras zinobudlelwane obusondeleyo nezinto zendalo, nibagqala njengabantu bomoya. Benza imikhosi kunye nezithethe zokubulela umhlaba, amanzi, i ilanga nenyanga ngokutya kunye nezibonelelo ababonelela ngazo. Olu nxibelelwano lokomoya lukhuthaza ukuzinikela okukhulu ngakumbi ekugcinweni nasekuhlonipheni indalo, ukuphepha ukuxhaphazwa ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokuchithwa kwemithombo.

13. Imingeni kunye nemibono yoluntu lwaseTarahumara kwi-XNUMXst inkulungwane

El Inkulungwane yama-21 ibonelela ngothotho lwemicelimngeni kunye neembono kuluntu lwaseTarahumara, iqela lomthonyama eMexico elijongene nobunzima obuninzi kule minyaka. Enye yeengxaki eziphambili okwangoku Kukufikelela kwiinkonzo ezisisiseko ezifana nemfundo, impilo kunye nezindlu. Uninzi loluntu lwaseTarahumara lukwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukufikelela kwezi nkonzo zibalulekileyo. Le ngxaki Ifuna izisombululo ezibanzi kunye nentsebenziswano karhulumente kunye nemibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuphucula ukufikelela kwimfundo kuluntu lwaseTarahumara. Oku kubandakanya ukubonelela ngeziseko zophuhliso ezaneleyo, ezifana nezikolo namagumbi okufundela, kwakunye nezibonelelo zokufundisa ezifanelekileyo neeprogram zemfundo. Ukongeza, ootitshala kufuneka baqeqeshwe ukuze baqonde inkcubeko kunye neemfuno ezithile zabafundi baseTarahumara. Ngokunjalo, iinkqubo zokufunda kunye nenkxaso yemali zinokusekwa ukuququzelela ukufikelela kwimfundo ephakamileyo kunye nokunciphisa ukuyeka isikolo.

Kwelinye icala, kubalulekile ukuphucula ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zempilo ezisemgangathweni. Uninzi lwabahlali baseTarahumara abanamaziko ezempilo akufutshane kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango abaqeqeshiweyo. Iikliniki kunye namaziko okhathalelo lwempilo kufuneka asungulwe kwiindawo zasemaphandleni ukuqinisekisa ukuba iTarahumara inokufikelela kwiinkonzo ezisisiseko, ezifana nokubonisana nonyango, amayeza kunye nokugonywa. Ukongezelela, iinkqubo zokukhuthaza impilo zinokuphunyezwa ezikhuthaza izenzo eziphilileyo kunye nokuthintela izifo eziqhelekileyo kuluntu.

14. Isiphelo: Ukujongisisa iiTarahumaras

Isishwankathelo, isifundo esiqhutywe sivumela ukuba sibe nombono ochanekileyo wenkcubeko yeTarahumara kunye nezithethe zayo ezahlukeneyo. Ngophando, sikwazile ukukhangela indlela abaphila ngayo, unxibelelwano lwabo nendalo kunye nokugxila kwabo kuzinzo.

Esinye sezona zigqibo ziphawulekayo kukukwazi kwabo ukuphila ngokuvisisana nemekobume yendalo, besebenzisa ubutyebi ngendlela ethembekileyo nezinzileyo. Esi senzo sinokubonwa kwindlela abawulima ngayo umhlaba, besebenzisa iindlela zookhokho ezilondoloza iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo neziqinisekisa ukuphila kwabo ixesha elide.

Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba iTarahumaras ikwazile ukugcina izithethe zabo ziphila kwiminyaka, nangona imingeni yanamhlanje. Baye babonisa ukomelela okukhulu kunye nokuzinikela kwinkcubeko yabo, engumzekelo wezinye iindawo zomthonyama kwihlabathi jikelele. Ekugqibeleni, oku kukhangela ngokusondeleyo kwiTarahumaras kuye kwasivumela ukuba sixabise ubutyebi benkcubeko kunye nokusingqongileyo abamele.

Ukuqukumbela, ngokuphonononga indlela yokuphila yeTarahumara ngokweenkcukacha, sinokubuxabisa ububodwa kunye nokomelela kolu luntu lwemveli. Ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezigqithisileyo zejografi kunye nemozulu, kunye nobuchwephesha bomzimba nengqondo, bubenza umzekelo wokuphila kunye nokuxhathisa.

Inkcubeko yeTarahumara ibonakaliswe ngentlonelo enzulu kunye nokudibanisa nendalo, echaphazela ubudlelwane bayo kunye nendalo kunye nezenzo zayo zemihla ngemihla. Ugxininiso lwayo ekuzinzeni kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokuqaphela kwemithombo yendalo kufuneka isebenze njengefowuni yokuvusa uluntu lonke.

Nangona i-Tarahumara ijongene nemingeni ebalulekileyo ngenxa yesimanje kunye nefuthe lenkcubeko yaseNtshona, ubunikazi babo kunye nezithethe zabo zihlala zinzulu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela nokuxabisa ukutyeba kwelifa lenkcubeko yabo, kunye nokukhusela nokugcina indlela yabo yokuphila eyodwa.

Imbali kunye neempawu zeTarahumara zisinika umbono obanzi malunga nokwahluka kwabantu kwaye basimema ukuba sicinge ngobudlelwane bethu kunye. indlela eyiyo kunye noluntu lwemveli. Ngokufunda size siqonde ukuba iTarahumara injani, sinokufunda izifundo ezibalulekileyo ngokubaluleka kokuguquguquka, ukunxibelelana nendalo, kunye nokuhlonela izithethe zookhokho.

Ukuqukumbela, iiTarahumaras zisibonisa ukuba ukuhlalisana phakathi kwabantu kunye nendalo esingqongileyo kunokwenzeka kwaye kuyimfuneko. kwintlalontle kunye nokusinda kwezizukulwana ezizayo. Ukuqaphela kunye nokuxabisa i-Tarahumara linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukuhlukahluka kweenkcubeko kunye nokugcina ilifa lethu elifanayo.